Journal articles: 'Amplified environments'

1

Park, Kyoung-Shin. "Designing Amplified Collaboration Environments for Scientific Visualization." KIPS Transactions:PartB 12B, no. 5 (2005): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstb.2005.12b.5.535.

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Short, SM, O. Rusanova, and MA Staniewski. "Novel phycodnavirus genes amplified from Canadian freshwater environments." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 63, no. 1 (2011): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01478.

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P.M, Dinesh, Yogesh Bala B, Manoj Kumar S, Sabeenian R.S, Paramasivam M.E, and Manjunathan A. "Noise Level Notifier." E3S Web of Conferences 399 (2023): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339904011.

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This paper involves utilizing an Arduino Uno as the primary hardware to measure the sound level in a library. The amount of noise in the region is measured using a sound sensor. The sound sensor signals are amplified using the operational amplifier function of the integrated circuit LM 567. There are two types of output available: audio and visual. The audio output takes the form of a personalized message that is played over speakers. LEDs are employed to offer visual feedback, with white LEDs used in noise-free environments (sound level 45 dB, yellow LEDs used when sound levels are above 65 decibels, and red LEDs used when sound levels are significantly above 80 decibels). A TIP 220 transistor is used to amplify the signals. A TIP 220 transistor amplifies the signals to create an output for the speaker. There is an audio message that corresponds to each sound level.

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Wang, Iris M., and Joshua M. Ackerman. "The Infectiousness of Crowds: Crowding Experiences Are Amplified by Pathogen Threats." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 1 (2018): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218780735.

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People sometimes perceive social environments as unpleasantly crowded. Previous work has linked these experiences to incidental factors such as being hungry or hot and to the relevance of the social environment for an individual’s current goals. Here, we demonstrate that crowding perceptions and evaluations also depend on specific, active threats for perceivers. Eight studies test whether infectious disease threats, which are associated with crowded conditions, increase such reactions. Across studies, pathogen threat made dense social environments seem more crowded and generated more negative affect toward these environments. These perceptions and negative feelings were more influenced by pathogen threat relative to other threats of physical danger. Finally, reactions to pathogen threat affected people’s choice of crowded versus uncrowded environments to inhabit. This research suggests that interpretations of social environments depend on the unique threats and opportunities those environments afford to individuals.

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Wei, Wenyang. "Nanorobots simulation by using an amplified cell model with motor." Theoretical and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/13/20240757.

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Nanotechnology is the future research area that could benefit human beings in many different directions. In order to build that technology for the human beings, it is necessary to do some research on the simulators to find out some important mechanical properties of these robots in the environment they are in, in other word, low Reynolds environments. To check the availability of the cell model, it is necessary to construct it by using MATLAB and SOLIDWORKS. After construction, the testing process would show that behavior difference of the model in relative high Reynolds environments and low Reynolds environments. The cell simulator would provide a faster swirling speed but a slower velocity in high viscosity solutions than in low viscosity solutions. That would be contradictory to the theory of the Reynolds number which potentially indicate a failure in the experiment. Thus, the macroscopic simulation model might not provide an accurate result for future nanorobotics.

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Belforte, G., G. Eula, M. Martinelli, T. Raparelli, and V. Viktorov. "Bistable Fluidic Laminar Amplifiers for Optopneumatic Interfaces." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 15, no. 4 (2003): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2003.p0377.

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Properties such as intrinsic security, low switching power, and the possibility of fabricating interfaces such as optopneumatic interfaces without electrical parts have greatly increased interest in fluidic elements. In fluidic elements, an optical signal is converted to a pressure signal that, when appropriately amplified, commands power stages suitable for environments having the risk of explosion or electromagnetic interference. The operation and use of bistables based on the wall effect has been known among digital elements for some time, but this component has mainly been studied and applied in turbulent systems. We focus on the study and realization of a fluidic bistable amplifier operating in the laminar range and therefore switchable by extremely low control power.

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Singh, Rajvikram, Jason Leigh, Thomas A. DeFanti, and Fotis Karayannis. "TeraVision: a high resolution graphics streaming device for amplified collaboration environments." Future Generation Computer Systems 19, no. 6 (2003): 957–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(03)00074-8.

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Shi, Yao-Wu, Chen Wang, Lan-Xiang Zhu, Li-Fei Deng, Yi-Ran Shi та De-Min Wang. "1/f spectrum estimation based on α-stable distribution in colored Gaussian noise environments". Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 38, № 1 (2018): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418813291.

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The main goal of this paper is to suppress the effect of unavoidable colored Gaussian noise on declining accuracy of transistor 1/f spectrum estimation. Transistor noises are measured by a nondestructive cross-spectrum measurement method, which is first to amplify the voltage signals through ultra-low noise amplifiers, then input the weak signals into data acquisition card. The data acquisition card collects the voltage signals and outputs the amplified noise for further analysis. According to our studies, the output 1/f noise can be characterized more accurately as non-Gaussian α-stable distribution rather than Gaussian distribution. Therefore, by utilizing the properties of α-stable distribution, we propose a cross-spectrum method effective in noisy environments based on samples normalized cross-correlation function. Simulation results and diodes output noise spectrum estimation results confirm the effectiveness of our method.

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Kimura, Hiroyuki, Maki Sugihara, Kenji Kato, and Satoshi Hanada. "Selective Phylogenetic Analysis Targeted at 16S rRNA Genes of Thermophiles and Hyperthermophiles in Deep-Subsurface Geothermal Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (2006): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.21-27.2006.

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ABSTRACT Deep-subsurface samples obtained by deep drilling are likely to be contaminated with mesophilic microorganisms in the drilling fluid, and this could affect determination of the community structure of the geothermal microflora using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. To eliminate possible contamination by PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes from mesophiles, a combined thermal denaturation and enzyme digestion method, based on a strong correlation between the G+C content of the 16S rRNA gene and the optimum growth temperatures of most known prokaryotic cultures, was used prior to clone library construction. To validate this technique, hot spring fluid (76°C) and river water (14°C) were used to mimic a deep-subsurface sample contaminated with drilling fluid. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA genes from individual samples separately, the amplified products from river water were observed to be denatured at 82°C and completely digested by exonuclease I (Exo I), while the amplified products from hot spring fluid remained intact after denaturation at 84°C and enzyme digestion with Exo I. DNAs extracted from the two samples were mixed and used as a template for amplification of the 16S rRNA genes. The amplified rRNA genes were denatured at 84°C and digested with Exo I before clone library construction. The results indicated that the 16S rRNA gene sequences from the river water were almost completely eliminated, whereas those from the hot spring fluid remained.

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Sagias, Nikos C., Anthony C. Boucouvalas, Kostas Yiannopoulos, Murat Uysal, and Zabih Ghassemlooy. "Optimal Combiners in Pre-Amplified Optical Wireless Systems under Medium-to-Strong Atmospheric Turbulence." Image Processing & Communications 21, no. 1 (2016): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2016-0002.

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Abstract In this work we analytically investigate optimal combiners for pre-amplified diversity receivers that operate under medium-to-strong atmospheric turbulence. We first demonstrate that the combiner performance is strongly affected by the existence of a signal-amplified spontaneous emission beat noise at the output of the photodetector. Due to the signal-dependent nature of noise, the optimal combiner can be classified as a hybrid one, of which performance is between the well-known equal-gain and maximal-ratio combiner architectures. Having established the optimal design, we further assess the proposed combiner performance over gamma-gamma and negative-exponential fading environments.

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Dolan, Thomas G., and James F. Maurer. "Noise Exposure Associated With Hearing Aid Use in Industry." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 2 (1996): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.251.

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Although noise may be innocuous in many vocational environments, there is a growing concern in industry that it can reach hazardous levels when amplified by hearing aids. This study examined the daily noise exposures associated with hearing aid use in industry. This was done by both laboratory and site measurements in which hearing aids were coupled to the microphone of an integrating sound level meter or dosimeter. The former method involved the use of recorded railroad and manufacturing noise and a Bruel and Kjaer 4128 Head and Torso simulator. In the latter procedure, a worker wore one of three hearing aids coupled to a dosimeter during 8-hour shifts in a manufacturing plant. Both methods demonstrated that even when amplified by mild-gain hearing aids, noise exposures rose from time-weighted averages near 80 dBA to well above the OSHA maximum of 90 dBA. The OSHA maximum was also exceeded when moderate and high gain instruments were worn in non-occupational listening environments. The results suggest that current OSHA regulations that limit noise exposure in sound field are inappropriate for hearing aid users.

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Pham, Khoa, Brad Poore, Allison Hanaford, et al. "OTME-9. Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling Of high MYC Medulloblastoma Reveals Key Differences Between In Vitro And In Vivo Glucose And Glutamine Usage." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_2 (2021): ii15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab070.060.

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Abstract Reprograming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. The metabolic alterations in cancer cells is not only defined by series of genetic mutations, but also reflecting the crosstalk between cancer cells and other factors in the microenvironment. Altering metabolism allows cancer cells to overcome unfavorable conditions, to proliferate and invade. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of children. Genomic amplification of MYC is a hallmark of a subset of poor-prognosis medulloblastoma. However, the metabolism of high MYC amplified medulloblastoma subgroup remains underexplored. We performed comprehensive metabolic studies of human MYC-amplified medulloblastoma by comparing the metabolic profiles of tumor cells in different environments – in vitro, in flank xenografts and in orthotopic xenografts. Principal component analysis showed that the metabolic profiles of brain and flank high-MYC medulloblastoma tumors clustered closely together and separated away from normal brain and the high-MYC medulloblastoma cells in culture. Compared to normal brain, MYC-amplified medulloblastoma orthotopic xenograft tumors showed upregulation of nucleotide, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), TCA cycle, and amino acid and glutathione pathways. There was significantly higher glucose up taking and usage in orthotopic xenograft tumor compared to flank xenograft and cells in culture. The data demonstrated that glucose was the main carbon source for the glutamate, glutamine and glutathione synthesis through the TCA cycle. The glutaminase ii pathway was the main pathway utilizing glutamine in MYC-amplified medulloblastoma in vivo. Glutathione was found as the most abundant upregulated metabolite. Glutamine derived glutathione was mainly synthesized through glutamine transaminase K (GTK) enzyme in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that high MYC medulloblastoma adapt to different environments by altering its metabolic pathways despite carrying the same genetic mutations. Glutamine antagonists may have therapeutic applications in human patients.

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Tomsia, Marcin, Kornelia Droździok, Gulnaz T. Javan, Rafał Skowronek, Michał Szczepański, and Elżbieta Chełmecka. "Costal cartilage ensures low degradation of DNA needed for genetic identification of human remains retrieved at different decomposition stages and different postmortem intervals." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 75, no. 1 (2021): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0035.

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Abstract Introduction The study aimed to evaluate if costal cartilage is a good source of DNA for genetic individual identification tests performed in forensic autopsies. Materials and Methods The study included samples of costal cartilage collected from 80 cadavers retrieved from different environments: indoors (flat/hospital), outdoors (primarily in the forest), a coal mine, a fire site, uninhabited buildings, a basement, bodies of fresh water, exhumation sites, and unknown locations. After isolation of DNA chondrocytes, T. Large autosomal chromosome (214 bp), T. Small autosomal chromosome (80 bp), and the Y chromosome (75 bp; for male cadavers), sequences were amplified using real-time PCR. Additionally, 23 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci and 16 Y chromosome STR loci were amplified using multiplex PCR. Forensic DNA typing was done using capillary electrophoresis and all results were analyzed. Results There was no statistically significant difference in DNA concentration after T. Large, T. Small autosomal chromosome and the Y chromosome amplification between samples collected from cadavers retrieved from different environments. The DNA degradation index was the same regardless of the postmortem interval. The results show that it is possible to generate a full genetic profile from costal cartilage samples collected from cadavers retrieved from different environments and at different times elapsed after death. Conclusions The results suggest that costal cartilage can be routinely collected during forensic autopsies, especially from cadavers at the advanced decomposition stage.

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Park, Eun-Jin, Kyoung-Ho Kim, Guy C. J. Abell, Min-Soo Kim, Seong Woon Roh, and Jin-Woo Bae. "Metagenomic Analysis of the Viral Communities in Fermented Foods." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 4 (2010): 1284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01859-10.

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ABSTRACTViruses are recognized as the most abundant biological components on Earth, and they regulate the structure of microbial communities in many environments. In soil and marine environments, microorganism-infecting phages are the most common type of virus. Although several types of bacteriophage have been isolated from fermented foods, little is known about the overall viral assemblages (viromes) of these environments. In this study, metagenomic analyses were performed on the uncultivated viral communities from three fermented foods, fermented shrimp, kimchi, and sauerkraut. Using a high-throughput pyrosequencing technique, a total of 81,831, 70,591 and 69,464 viral sequences were obtained from fermented shrimp, kimchi and sauerkraut, respectively. Moreover, 37 to 50% of these sequences showed no significant hit against sequences in public databases. There were some discrepancies between the prediction of bacteriophages hosts via homology comparison and bacterial distribution, as determined from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These discrepancies likely reflect the fact that the viral genomes of fermented foods are poorly represented in public databases. Double-stranded DNA viral communities were amplified from fermented foods by using a linker-amplified shotgun library. These communities were dominated by bacteriophages belonging to the viral orderCaudovirales(i.e.,Myoviridae,Podoviridae, andSiphoviridae). This study indicates that fermented foods contain less complex viral communities than many other environmental habitats, such as seawater, human feces, marine sediment, and soil.

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Nesbø, Camilla L., Rajkumari Kumaraswamy, Marlena Dlutek, W. Ford Doolittle, and Julia Foght. "Searching for Mesophilic Thermotogales Bacteria: “Mesotogas” in the Wild." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 14 (2010): 4896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02846-09.

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ABSTRACT All cultivated Thermotogales are thermophiles or hyperthermophiles. However, optimized 16S rRNA primers successfully amplified Thermotogales sequences from temperate hydrocarbon-impacted sites, mesothermic oil reservoirs, and enrichment cultures incubated at <46°C. We conclude that distinct Thermotogales lineages commonly inhabit low-temperature environments but may be underreported, likely due to “universal” 16S rRNA gene primer bias.

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Allen, Andrew E., Melissa G. Booth, Marc E. Frischer, Peter G. Verity, Jonathan P. Zehr, and Sabino Zani. "Diversity and Detection of Nitrate Assimilation Genes in Marine Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 11 (2001): 5343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.11.5343-5348.2001.

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ABSTRACT A PCR approach was used to construct a database of nasAgenes (called narB genes in cyanobacteria) and to detect the genetic potential for heterotrophic bacterial nitrate utilization in marine environments. A nasA-specific PCR primer set that could be used to selectively amplify the nasA gene from heterotrophic bacteria was designed. Using seawater DNA extracts obtained from microbial communities in the South Atlantic Bight, the Barents Sea, and the North Pacific Gyre, we PCR amplified and sequencednasA genes. Our results indicate that several groups of heterotrophic bacterial nasA genes are common and widely distributed in oceanic environments.

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Whitby, Corinne B., Jon R. Saunders, Juana Rodriguez, Roger W. Pickup, and Alan McCarthy. "Phylogenetic Differentiation of Two Closely RelatedNitrosomonas spp. That Inhabit Different Sediment Environments in an Oligotrophic Freshwater Lake." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 11 (1999): 4855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.11.4855-4862.1999.

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ABSTRACT The population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a temperate oligotrophic freshwater lake was analyzed by recovering 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from lakewater and sediment samples taken throughout a seasonal cycle. Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas16S rRNA genes were amplified in a nested PCR, and the identity of the products was confirmed by oligonucleotide hybridization.Nitrosospira DNA was readily identified in all samples, and nitrosomonad DNA of the Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosomonas eutropha lineage was also directly detected, but during the summer months only. Phylogenetic delineation with partial (345 bp) 16S rRNA gene sequences of clones obtained from sediments confirmed the fidelity of the amplified nitrosomonad DNA and identified two sequence clusters closely related to either N. europaea or N. eutropha that were equated with the littoral and profundal sediment sites, respectively. Determination of 701-bp sequences for 16S rDNA clones representing each cluster confirmed this delineation. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) system was developed that enabled identification of clones containing N. europaea and N. eutropha 16S rDNA sequences, including subclasses therein. It proved possible to analyze 16S rDNA amplified directly from sediment samples to determine the relative abundance of each species compared with that of the other. N. europaea and N. eutropha are very closely related, and direct evidence for their presence in lake systems is limited. The correlation of each species with a distinct spatial location in sediment is an unusual example of niche adaptation by two genotypically similar bacteria. Their occurrence and relative distribution can now be routinely monitored in relation to environmental variation by the application of PCR-RFLP analysis.

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Wang, Chen, Yao-Wu Shi, Lan-Xiang Zhu, Li-Fei Deng, Yi-Ran Shi, and De-Min Wang. "Auto-regressive moving average parameter estimation for 1/f process under colored Gaussian noise background." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 13 (January 2019): 174830261986743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748302619867439.

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Current algorithms for estimating auto-regressive moving average parameters of transistor 1/f process are usually under noiseless background. Transistor noises are measured by a non-destructive cross-spectrum measurement technique, with transistor noise first passing through dual-channel ultra-low noise amplifiers, then inputting the weak signals into data acquisition card. The data acquisition card collects the voltage signals and outputs the amplified noise for further analysis. According to our studies, the output transistor 1/f noise can be characterized more accurately as non-Gaussian α-stable distribution rather than Gaussian distribution. We define and consistently estimate the samples normalized cross-correlations of linear SαS processes, and propose a samples normalized cross-correlations-based auto-regressive moving average parameter estimation method effective in noisy environments. Simulation results of auto-regressive moving average parameter estimation exhibit good performance.

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Pham, Khoa, Brad Poore, Allison Hanaford, et al. "FSMP-18. COMPREHENSIVE METABOLIC PROFILING OF HIGH MYC MEDULLOBLASTOMA REVEALS KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO GLUCOSE AND GLUTAMINE USAGE." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_1 (2021): i19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab024.081.

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Abstract Reprograming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Altered metabolism can overcome unfavorable conditions, allowing cancer cells to proliferate and invade in different tumor microenvironments. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of children. Genomic amplification of MYC is a hallmark of a subset of poor-prognosis medulloblastoma. However, the metabolism of high MYC amplified medulloblastoma subgroup remains underexplored. We performed comprehensive metabolic studies of human MYC-amplified medulloblastoma by comparing the metabolic profiles of tumor cells in different environments – in vitro, in flank xenografts and in orthotopic xenografts. Principal component analysis showed that the metabolic profiles of brain and flank high-MYC medulloblastoma tumors clustered closely together and separated away from normal brain and the high-MYC medulloblastoma cells in culture. Compared to normal brain, MYC-amplified medulloblastoma orthotopic brain tumor xenografts showed upregulation of nucleotide, amino acid and glutathione pathways. Glucose was the main carbon source for the nucleotide synthesis and the TCA cycle in vivo. The glutaminase ii pathway was the main pathway utilizing glutamine in MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. In brain and flank xenografts, glutathione was the most abundant upregulated metabolite. Glutamine derived glutathione was synthesized through glutamine transaminase K (GTK) enzyme in vivo. The glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) significantly inhibited glutathione, amino acid, and nucleotide synthesis. In conclusion, we found that MYC-amplified medulloblastoma relied on glutamine metabolism in synthesizing glutathione in vivo. Glutamine antagonists may have therapeutic applications in human patients.

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Belforte, Guido, and Gabriella Eula. "Optopneumatic Interface for Controlling Pneumatic Power Circuits." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 6 (1998): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0528.

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This paper presents a study of an optopneumatic interface integrated with a pressure amplifier stage. The interface works using photothermicity to generate a weak pressure signal in its control chambers. In photothermicity, infrared light strikes a black body a few microns thick, increasing the temperature of the black body and air close to it. If this air is in the control chamber of the optopneumatic interface, its expansion generates a pressure control signal, amplified to make it suitable for common low/high commercial pressure valves. This control enables the command of pneumatic actuators in hazardous environments, with the electrical signal transformed into optical and transported using optical fiber; all electrical parts can be located at a distance from direct application. Our results showed that the device's response times, accuracy, and repeatability are suited to many applications. Below is an example of a command integrating electric, optical, and pneumatic techniques and operating by an infrared source with very low light power.

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Zacharegkas, Georgios, Damiano Caprioli, Colby Haggerty, Siddhartha Gupta, and Benedikt Schroer. "Modeling the Saturation of the Bell Instability Using Hybrid Simulations." Astrophysical Journal 967, no. 1 (2024): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3960.

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Abstract The nonresonant streaming instability (Bell instability) plays a pivotal role in the acceleration and confinement of cosmic rays (CRs), yet the exact mechanism responsible for its saturation and the magnitude of the final amplified magnetic field have not been assessed from first principles. Using a survey of hybrid simulations (with kinetic ions and fluid electrons), we study the evolution of the Bell instability as a function of the parameters of the CR population. We find that at saturation, the magnetic pressure in the amplified field is comparable with the initial CR anisotropic pressure, rather than with the CR energy flux, as previously argued. These results provide a predictive prescription for the total magnetic field amplification expected in the many astrophysical environments where the Bell instability is important.

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Mustilli, Mario, and Filomena Izzo. "Corporate governance relationships in complex product development: evidence from the business aviation industry." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 1 (2009): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i1p6.

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Corporate Governance relationships have become more relevant to the changed nature of the firm, the role of human capital has become very important in managing the firm in those environments where the source of competitive advantage is strongly based on knowledge and intangible resources as in the case of complex product systems industries. The important role of this intangible asset in managing the complex environment has amplified the incompleteness of the agency theory, changing the nature of the Corporate Governance relationships and highlighting the role of the human capital. This paper attempts to describe, using Problem Solving Behaviour approach, how the Corporate Governance relationships work in high competitive and complex environments as in case of the business aviation industry.

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Pappa, O., G. Mandilara, A. Vatopoulos, and A. Mavridou. "Typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Greek water samples by three typing methods: serotyping, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 6 (2013): 1380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.678.

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The study of various types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from water environments is of paramount importance from a public health point of view, due to their ubiquity and pathogenicity. Molecular (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis) and phenotypical (serotyping) typing methods were applied to environmental P. aeruginosa strains. The typeability and discriminatory power of the methods were studied and compared. The two molecular methods managed to type a number of P. aeruginosa strains which were non-serotypeable due to their rough phenotypes. According to our results, the combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods increased the reliability of the results, yielding several different clones that seem to circulate in Greek water environments.

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Gzyl, Anna, Ewa Augustynowicz, Ewa Mosiej, et al. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) versus randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as new tools for inter- and intra-species differentiation within Bordetella." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 4 (2005): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45690-0.

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Automated amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques with fluorescently labelled primers were used to track differences among isolates of the eight known species of the Bordetella genus. Eighty-one representative strains of these species from international and Polish bacterial collections were genotyped according to RAPD protocols using primer 1254 or 1247, and AFLP involving EcoRI/MseI or newly designed SpeI/ApaI restriction/ligation/amplification procedures. By comparing AFLP and RAPD data, it was concluded that the discriminatory power of AFLP is higher in comparison with RAPD for both intra- and inter-species differentiation of isolates of the Bordetella genus. The most precise level of inter-species discrimination and the highest level of intra-species discrimination of the Bordetella isolates of the eight species were observed in the AFLP EcoRI/MseI and SpeI/ApaI sets, respectively. Both techniques might provide alternative tools for the identification of Bordetella at the genomic species and strain levels, and thus may be valuable in human and veterinary diagnostics as well as in epidemiology. By applying the AFLP technique presented in this article, more precise data on the emergence of newly acquired and/or on expanded clones and transmission routes of isolates of the Bordetella genus in the human and animal environments might be obtained.

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Shi, Xian-Ming, Fei Long, and Biao Suo. "Molecular methods for the detection and characterization of foodborne pathogens." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 1 (2010): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-02-07.

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The surveillance of foodborne pathogens in food industries has shown the urgent need for rapid and dependable methods to detect and characterize the organisms in food and environments of clinical and epidemiologic importance. Recent studies on rapid methods in microbiology have been focused on biochemical characterization, immunoassays, and molecular methods. Many molecular methods have been developed and applied to the detection and characterization of foodborne pathogens in laboratories and food industries. They can be mainly divided into DNA banding pattern-based tests and DNA sequence-based tests. The former includes nucleic acid hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplified restriction length polymorphism, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, etc. Most of these methods in commercial applications are based on PCR or hybridization techniques. The principle, characteristics, and application of molecular methods for the detection and characterization of foodborne pathogens were reviewed in this article.

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Lourenço, Justino, and Fernando Almeida. "Address Cybersecurity Risks Due to COVID-19 in Small Business Environments." International Journal of Cyber Research and Education 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcre.309687.

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COVID-19 affects people and companies. They are experiencing dramatic changes in work processes, communication processes, and customer management. This whole new paradigm has brought new challenges to organizations, particularly to small and medium enterprises, which have limited budgets and resources to ensure their technological infrastructure. This study aims to explore how these companies have adapted to the challenges posed by COVID-19 in their compliance practices with general data protection regulation (GDPR), auditing, and forensic security analysis. Furthermore, this study analyzes the risks that have been amplified in this period and identifies new vulnerabilities that have arisen from increased dependence on information technology in a period when most organizations have their employees in teleworking.

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Takai, Ken, and Koki Horikoshi. "Genetic Diversity of Archaea in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environments." Genetics 152, no. 4 (1999): 1285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.4.1285.

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Abstract Molecular phylogenetic analysis of naturally occurring archaeal communities in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments was carried out by PCR-mediated small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA) sequencing. As determined through partial sequencing of rDNA clones amplified with archaea-specific primers, the archaeal populations in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments showed a great genetic diversity, and most members of these populations appeared to be uncultivated and unidentified organisms. In the phylogenetic analysis, a number of rDNA sequences obtained from deep-sea hydrothermal vents were placed in deep lineages of the crenarchaeotic phylum prior to the divergence of cultivated thermophilic members of the crenarchaeota or between thermophilic members of the euryarchaeota and members of the methanogen-halophile clade. Whole cell in situ hybridization analysis suggested that some microorganisms of novel phylotypes predicted by molecular phylogenetic analysis were likely present in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments. These findings expand our view of the genetic diversity of archaea in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments and of the phylogenetic organization of archaea.

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Rahman, T. J., R. Marchant, and I. M. Banat. "Distribution and molecular investigation of highly thermophilic bacteria associated with cool soil environments." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 2 (2004): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320209.

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In this study, both molecular and culture-based methods were used to characterize thermophilic bacteria associated with the subsurface soil environment in Northern Ireland. A total of 53 thermophilic, aerobic, sporulating and non-sporulating bacteria were isolated from subsurface soil samples obtained from two sites. They were screened by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis prior to 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of the sequences were associated with Geobacillus thermoleovorans (50%) and Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus (34.6%). Isolates F10, F20 and Tf exhibited only 93% similarity with Geobacillus toebii strain F70. Hence they may represent a new species of the genus Geobacillus.

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Mwangangi, Richard Isaac. "Sustaining Business Projects on Challenging Environments." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 4 (2022): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.4.1509.

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For a progressive business, there are necessary projects. All business implements their growth strategic plan through the development of projects. The business projects can either be identified as financial or non-financial. Every type of project has its unique environmental challenges. These become amplified in the context of complex environments or when projects deteriorate to the point they should be killed or need recovery. This paper focuses on strategies how to sustain business projects in challenging environments. The pillars of all business projects are the project period, cost, and resources. Project environment challenges will always affect these pillars. To mitigate the environmental challenges the paper narrowed the scope to project identification/ initiation, planning, and implementation in order to successfully handle the project environment. Different types of environments are also discussed in this paper; macro, micro, and intermediate environment on how they affect business projects. All these environments are examined to highlight how best a project business can navigate successfully through its challenges. In an operating environment that is dynamic and highly challenging, business projects need to appreciate the importance of crafting and effectively executing strategies that can help them navigate the environment challenge to carry it through any unexpected and challenging eventuality. The paper concludes that good and sincere project identification/ initiation, and planning will ultimately ensure smooth project implementation through a challenging project environment.

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Wang, Hui, Fan Zhang, Yue Wang, et al. "DNAzyme-Amplified Electrochemical Biosensor Coupled with pH Meter for Ca2+ Determination at Variable pH Environments." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010004.

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For more than 50% of multiparous cows, it is difficult to adapt to the sudden increase in calcium demand for milk production, which is highly likely to cause hypocalcemia. An electrochemical biosensor is a portable and efficient method to sense Ca2+ concentrations, but biomaterial is easily affected by the pH of the analyte solution. Here, an electrochemical biosensor was fabricated using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), which amplified the impedance signal by changing the structure and length of the DNAzyme. Aiming at the interference of the pH, the electrochemical biosensor (GCE/SWNT/DNAzyme) was coupled with a pH meter to form an electrochemical device. It was used to collect data at different Ca2+ concentrations and pH values, and then was processed using different mathematical models, of which GPR showed higher detecting accuracy. After optimizing the detecting parameters, the electrochemical device could determine the Ca2+ concentration ranging from 5 μM to 25 mM, with a detection limit of 4.2 μM at pH values ranging from 4.0 to 7.5. Finally, the electrochemical device was used to determine the Ca2+ concentrations in different blood and milk samples, which can overcome the influence of the pH.

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MartÃnez-Murcia, A. J., S. G. Acinas, and F. Rodriguez-Valera. "Evaluation of prokaryotic diversity by restrictase digestion of 16S rDNA directly amplified from hypersaline environments." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 17, no. 4 (1995): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00149.x.

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Martínez-Murcia, A. "Evaluation of prokaryotic diversity by restrictase digestion of 16S rDNA directly amplified from hypersaline environments." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 17, no. 4 (1995): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-6496(95)00029-a.

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Auman, Ann J., Catherine C. Speake, and Mary E. Lidstrom. "nifH Sequences and Nitrogen Fixation in Type I and Type II Methanotrophs." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (2001): 4009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.4009-4016.2001.

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ABSTRACT Some methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) are known to be capable of expressing nitrogenase and utilizing N2 as a nitrogen source. However, no sequences are available fornif genes in these strains, and the known nitrogen-fixing methanotrophs are confined mainly to a few genera. The purpose of this work was to assess the nitrogen-fixing capabilities of a variety of methanotroph strains. nifH gene fragments from four type I methanotrophs and seven type II methanotrophs were PCR amplified and sequenced. Nitrogenase activity was confirmed in selected type I and type II strains by acetylene reduction. Activities ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 nmol/min/mg of protein. Sequence analysis shows that thenifH sequences from the type I and type II strains cluster with nifH sequences from other gamma proteobacteria and alpha proteobacteria, respectively. The translatednifH sequences from three Methylomonas strains show high identity (95 to 99%) to several published translated environmental nifH sequences PCR amplified from rice roots and a freshwater lake. The translated nifHsequences from the type II strains show high identity (94 to 99%) to published translated nifH sequences from a variety of environments, including rice roots, a freshwater lake, an oligotrophic ocean, and forest soil. These results provide evidence for nitrogen fixation in a broad range of methanotrophs and suggest that nitrogen-fixing methanotrophs may be widespread and important in the nitrogen cycling of many environments.

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Arjun Sirangi. "AI-Driven Risk Scoring Engine for Financial Compliance in Multi-Cloud Environments." Journal of Electrical Systems 17, no. 1 (2024): 138–50. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.8887.

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The proliferation of multi-cloud architectures in financial institutions has amplified the complexity of adhering to global regulatory standards such as GDPR, SOX, and PCI-DSS. Traditional compliance frameworks, reliant on static rule-based systems, fail to address the dynamic risks inherent in distributed cloud environments. This paper proposes an AI-driven risk scoring engine that integrates machine learning (ML), real-time anomaly detection, and cross-platform data normalization to automate compliance monitoring. The engine employs ensemble learning and explainable AI (XAI) to prioritize risks while maintaining alignment with regulatory requirements. Evaluations demonstrate a 92% accuracy in risk prediction, outperforming legacy systems by 34%, with sub-second latency for large-scale transaction analysis.

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Lihoreau, Mathieu, Michael A. Charleston, Alistair M. Senior, et al. "Collective foraging in spatially complex nutritional environments." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1727 (2017): 20160238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0238.

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Nutrition impinges on virtually all aspects of an animal's life, including social interactions. Recent advances in nutritional ecology show how social animals often trade-off individual nutrition and group cohesion when foraging in simplified experimental environments. Here, we explore how the spatial structure of the nutritional landscape influences these complex collective foraging dynamics in ecologically realistic environments. We introduce an individual-based model integrating key concepts of nutritional geometry, collective animal behaviour and spatial ecology to study the nutritional behaviour of animal groups in large heterogeneous environments containing foods with different abundance, patchiness and nutritional composition. Simulations show that the spatial distribution of foods constrains the ability of individuals to balance their nutrient intake, the lowest performance being attained in environments with small isolated patches of nutritionally complementary foods. Social interactions improve individual regulatory performances when food is scarce and clumpy, but not when it is abundant and scattered, suggesting that collective foraging is favoured in some environments only. These social effects are further amplified if foragers adopt flexible search strategies based on their individual nutritional state. Our model provides a conceptual and predictive framework for developing new empirically testable hypotheses in the emerging field of social nutrition. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.

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Auchtung, Thomas A., Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach, and Colleen M. Cavanaugh. "16S rRNA Phylogenetic Investigation of the Candidate Division “Korarchaeota”." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 7 (2006): 5077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00052-06.

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ABSTRACT The environmental distribution and phylogeny of “Korarchaeota,” a proposed ancient archaeal division, was investigated by using the 16S rRNA gene framework. Korarchaeota-specific primers were designed based on previously published sequences and used to screen a variety of environments. Korarchaeota 16S rRNA genes were amplified exclusively from high temperature Yellowstone National Park hot springs and a 9°N East Pacific Rise deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Phylogenetic analyses of these and all available sequences suggest that Korarchaeota exhibit a high level of endemicity.

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Adame-Gómez, Roberto, Natividad Castro-Alarcón, Amalia Vences-Velázquez, et al. "Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1048097.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium in humans and animals able to adapt to multiple environments. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity and virulence profiles of strains of S. aureus isolated from food (29 strains), humans (43 strains), and animals (8 strains). 80 lipase-producing strains belonging to a biobank of 360 isolates, identified phenotypically as S. aureus, were selected. Confirmation of the species was made by amplifying the spA gene and 80% (64/80) of the strains were confirmed within this species. The virulence profile of each of the isolates was determined by PCR. The seA gene coding for enterotoxin A was found in 53.1% of the strains, the saK gene, which codes for Staphylokinase, was amplified in 57.8% of the strains, and, finally, the hlB gene coding for β-Hemolysin was amplified in 17.2%. The profile of antimicrobial resistance was determined by the Kirby Bauer method showing that the strains from food presented greater resistance to erythromycin (40.7%) and ciprofloxacin (18.5%) while in strains isolated from humans were to erythromycin (48.4%) and clindamycin (21.2%). Also, in strains from animals, a high resistance to erythromycin was observed (75%). The frequency of MRSA was 12.5% due to the presence of the mec gene and resistance to cefoxitin. Of the total strains, 68.7% were typed by PCR-RFLP of the coa gene using the AluI enzyme; derived from this restriction, 17 profiles were generated. Profile 4 (490 bp, 300 bp) was the most frequent, containing a higher number of strains with a higher number of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, which is associated with greater adaptation to different environments. In this study, a wide genetic diversity of strains of S. aureus from different foods, humans, and animals was found. This demonstrates evolution, genetic versatility, and, therefore, the adaptation of this microorganism in different environments.

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Charlop-Powers, Zachary, Clara C. Pregitzer, Christophe Lemetre, et al. "Urban park soil microbiomes are a rich reservoir of natural product biosynthetic diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 51 (2016): 14811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615581113.

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Numerous therapeutically relevant small molecules have been identified from the screening of natural products (NPs) produced by environmental bacteria. These discovery efforts have principally focused on culturing bacteria from natural environments rich in biodiversity. We sought to assess the biosynthetic capacity of urban soil environments using a phylogenetic analysis of conserved NP biosynthetic genes amplified directly from DNA isolated from New York City park soils. By sequencing genes involved in the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides and polyketides, we found that urban park soil microbiomes are both rich in biosynthetic diversity and distinct from nonurban samples in their biosynthetic gene composition. A comparison of sequences derived from New York City parks to genes involved in the biosynthesis of biomedically important NPs produced by bacteria originally collected from natural environments around the world suggests that bacteria producing these same families of clinically important antibiotics, antifungals, and anticancer agents are actually present in the soils of New York City. The identification of new bacterial NPs often centers on the systematic exploration of bacteria present in natural environments. Here, we find that the soil microbiomes found in large cities likely hold similar promise as rich unexplored sources of clinically relevant NPs.

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Bhadury, Punyasloke, Holly Bik, John D. Lambshead, Melanie C. Austen, Gary R. Smerdon, and Alex D. Rogers. "Molecular Diversity of Fungal Phylotypes Co-Amplified Alongside Nematodes from Coastal and Deep-Sea Marine Environments." PLoS ONE 6, no. 10 (2011): e26445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026445.

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Akbar, Tanveer, Kalsoom Akhtar, Muhammad A. Ghauri, et al. "Relationship among acidophilic bacteria from diverse environments as determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD)." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21, no. 5 (2005): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-004-3568-3.

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Chung, Chi-Nien, and Young-Choon Kim. "Global institutions and local filtering: Introducing independent directors to Taiwanese corporate boards." International Sociology 33, no. 3 (2018): 292–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580918762059.

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Drawing on the idea of selective interaction between organizations and environments, the authors examine how organizations change their traditional practices when they are exposed to new institutional environments. In the context of corporate governance change in response to financial market globalization, they argue that global institutional influence is moderated by local corporate control contexts that function as filtering mechanisms. The authors empirically analyse the adoption of a new corporate governance practice, i.e., the initial introduction of independent directors, in Taiwanese public firms, where family governance has been a dominant governance model. The findings suggest that while firms exposed to US capital markets are more likely to adopt independent directors, this facilitating effect weakens when the firms are under strong family control and is amplified when they are unbound from local frameworks through the key leader’s education or their geographic context.

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Dong, Yuheng. "Machine Learning Amplified Control System for HASEL Actuator Soft Robot System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2405, no. 1 (2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2405/1/012026.

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Abstract The HASEL actuator is a cutting-edge soft robot compound that is well suited for tasks in unstructured, dynamic environments and has the penitential for superiorly comfortable and smooth human-robot Interaction. However, the nonlinear relation between the input voltage, output strain of the actuators, and the difficulty of analytical modelling makes it hard to design its control software due to the various source of kinematic noises. Machine learning technics, however, which are invented to study the implicit relations in multiparameter problems that do not require pre-existing knowledge, are well suited for HASEL actuators. Traditionally, researchers consider the behavior of this time-dependent system as a sequence of consecutive statuses and use machine learning to enhance conventional algorithms that consume previous and current status and target and adjust the system using varying control input. However, HASEL actuators’ unique propriety of self-stable and negligible lag in response to input changing makes it possible to consider the spatial path of the structure as a whole and control it based on pattern matching. Introducing Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), this paper presents a pattern-matching-based predictive control algorithm for the HASEL actuator system with acceptable size and high accuracy.

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Bhatia, Maya, Martin Sharp, and Julia Foght. "Distinct Bacterial Communities Exist beneath a High Arctic Polythermal Glacier." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 9 (2006): 5838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00595-06.

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ABSTRACT Bacterial communities reside in basal ice, sediment, and meltwater in the supra-, sub-, and proglacial environments of John Evans Glacier, Nunavut, Canada. We examined whether the subglacial bacterial community shares common members with the pro- and supraglacial communities, and by inference, whether it could be derived from communities in either of these environments (e.g., by ice overriding proglacial sediments or by in-wash of surface meltwaters). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes amplified from these environments revealed that the subglacial water, basal ice, and sediment communities were distinct from those detected in supraglacial meltwater and proglacial sediments, with 60 of 142 unique terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) detected exclusively in subglacial samples and only 8 T-RFs detected in all three environments. Supraglacial waters shared some T-RFs with subglacial water and ice, likely reflecting the seasonal flow of surface meltwater into the subglacial drainage system, whereas supraglacial and proglacial communities shared the fewest T-RFs. Thus, the subglacial community at John Evans Glacier appears to be predominantly autochthonous rather than allochthonous, and it may be adapted to subglacial conditions. Chemical analysis of water and melted ice also revealed differences between the supraglacial and proglacial environments, particularly regarding electrical conductivity and nitrate, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Whereas the potential exists for common bacterial types to be broadly distributed throughout the glacial system, we have observed distinct bacterial communities in physically and chemically different glacial environments.

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Hong, Clarice K. Y., and Barak A. Cohen. "Genomic environments scale the activities of diverse core promoters." Genome Research 32, no. 1 (2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.276025.121.

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A classical model of gene regulation is that enhancers provide specificity whereas core promoters provide a modular site for the assembly of the basal transcriptional machinery. However, examples of core promoter specificity have led to an alternate hypothesis in which specificity is achieved by core promoters with different sequence motifs that respond differently to genomic environments containing different enhancers and chromatin landscapes. To distinguish between these models, we measured the activities of hundreds of diverse core promoters in four different genomic locations and, in a complementary experiment, six different core promoters at thousands of locations across the genome. Although genomic locations had large effects on expression, the intrinsic activities of different classes of promoters were preserved across genomic locations, suggesting that core promoters are modular regulatory elements whose activities are independently scaled up or down by different genomic locations. This scaling of promoter activities is nonlinear and depends on the genomic location and the strength of the core promoter. Our results support the classical model of regulation in which diverse core promoter motifs set the intrinsic strengths of core promoters, which are then amplified or dampened by the activities of their genomic environments.

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Yang, Zhengbao, Jean Zu, Jun Luo, and Yan Peng. "Modeling and parametric study of a force-amplified compressive-mode piezoelectric energy harvester." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 3 (2016): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16642536.

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Piezoelectric energy harvesters have great potential for achieving inexhaustible power supply for small-scale electronic devices. However, the insufficient power-generation capability and the narrow working bandwidth of traditional energy harvesters have significantly hindered their adoption. To address these issues, we propose a nonlinear compressive-mode piezoelectric energy harvester. We embedded a multi-stage force amplification mechanism into the energy harvester, which greatly improved its power-generation capability. In this article, we describe how we first established an analytical model to study the force amplification effect. A lumped-parameter model was then built to simulate the strong nonlinear responses of the proposed energy harvester. A prototype was fabricated which demonstrated a superior power output of 30 mW under an excitation of 0.3 g ([Formula: see text] m/s2). We discuss at the end the effect of geometric parameters that are influential to the performance. The proposed energy harvester is suitable to be used in low-frequency weak-excitation environments for powering wireless sensors.

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Messner, Wolfgang. "The association of cultural and contextual factors with social contact avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (2021): e0261858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261858.

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As a first line of defense to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, people reduced social contacts to avoid pathogen exposure. Using a panel of countries, this research suggests that this was amplified in societies characterized by high social support and future orientation. People reacted more strongly in dense environments; government orders had more effect in high power distance societies. Conversely, a focus on accomplishments was associated with lower changes. Understanding people’s actual behaviors in response to health threats across societies is of great importance for epidemiology, public health, international business, and for the functioning of humanity as a whole.

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Pratik, Jangale, and Sayed Aqsa. "Analysis of Hybrid DAS-Small Cell Architectures for Dense 5G Deployments." International Journal of Leading Research Publication 5, no. 9 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14838533.

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The rapid proliferation of 5G technology has amplified the need for innovative solutions to address the challenges of dense urban deployments. Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and small cells, individually, have limitations in providing seamless coverage and capacity in such environments. This paper explores a hybrid architecture combining DAS and small cells, offering a comparative analysis of performance, deployment costs, and technical challenges. Use cases, simulation results, and potential solutions for handover management and interference mitigation are discussed. The findings demonstrate the hybrid model’s capability to optimize resource utilization and enhance Quality of Service (QoS) in dense 5G networks.

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Harris, Yolande. "Sound Is Round." Resonance 1, no. 2 (2020): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/res.2020.1.2.121.

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Can we expand our awareness of remote environments by connecting them to our own bodily experience? “Sound Is Round” takes a winding journey through the superimposed environments of ocean and desert, bringing sounds from the deep ocean of Monterey Bay in California to the high desert of Northern Arizona. In doing so, it brings together experiences of material sensory space expanded by a sonic sense, an amplified listening. The intertwining of these environments and experiences comes together in a notion of roundness, through the form of the Möbius strip. By approaching land-based spaces through a different orientation, thinking through a lens of fluid sounds and listening, a sense of “oceanic consciousness” is explored. A simultaneous experience of relationship to others, to site, and to distant place is reflected through personal stories of participants. The writing reflects the author’s own artistic practice, using the headphones and soundscape from a recent project Melt Me Into the Ocean, which explored connectedness to the deep ocean from land through sound walks. It also discusses the current project From a Whale’s Back, which works with video, sound, and data from the latest scientific research on tagged whales. Our connection to, and understanding of, the deep ocean environments are considered through these displaced remote experiences of place. Colliding sounds from these underwater environments with a research project around Roden Crater—artist James Turrell’s ongoing land-art work inside an extinct volcano—it emphasizes the importance of physical material sensory experience of place.

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Wu, Haichao, Benjamin Greydanus, and Daniel K. Schwartz. "Mechanisms of transport enhancement for self-propelled nanoswimmers in a porous matrix." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 27 (2021): e2101807118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101807118.

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Micro/nanoswimmers convert diverse energy sources into directional movement, demonstrating significant promise for biomedical and environmental applications, many of which involve complex, tortuous, or crowded environments. Here, we investigated the transport behavior of self-propelled catalytic Janus particles in a complex interconnected porous void space, where the rate-determining step involves the escape from a cavity and translocation through holes to adjacent cavities. Surprisingly, self-propelled nanoswimmers escaped from cavities more than 20× faster than passive (Brownian) particles, despite the fact that the mobility of nanoswimmers was less than 2× greater than that of passive particles in unconfined bulk liquid. Combining experimental measurements, Monte Carlo simulations, and theoretical calculations, we found that the escape of nanoswimmers was enhanced by nuanced secondary effects of self-propulsion which were amplified in confined environments. In particular, active escape was facilitated by anomalously rapid confined short-time mobility, highly efficient surface-mediated searching for holes, and the effective abolition of entropic and/or electrostatic barriers at the exit hole regions by propulsion forces. The latter mechanism converted the escape process from barrier-limited to search-limited. These findings provide general and important insights into micro/nanoswimmer mobility in complex environments.

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TOMINAGA, TATSUYA, MASAHIRO SEKINE, and HIROSHI OYAIZU. "Tracing the Contamination Origin of Coliform Bacteria in Two Small Food-Processing Factories." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 9 (2008): 1910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1910.

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The objective of this study was to trace contamination sources of coliform bacteria by comparing the types of coliforms between food samples and the processing environments in two small food-processing factories (factories A and B). Fermentation tests of five sugars enabled the successful classification of 16 representative type strains into eight distinct groups. The grouping procedure was then applied to comparison of the coliform flora between food products and various locations in their processing environments. The consistency between each food and the tested locations was evaluated using the Jaccard index. The air conditioner and refrigeration room floor in factory A showed an index of 1.00, while the shaping machine in factory B showed an index of 0.98, indicating that these locations could be contamination sources. The validity of our results was confirmed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, which showed 100% matched profiles between the air conditioner and the food in factory A, and highly matched profiles between the machine and the food in factory B. This method for comparing the coliform flora between food and environments has the potential to be a reliable tracing tool for various food industries.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Amplified environments'

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