Academic literature on the topic 'Ampoule'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ampoule"

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Bristow, A. F., R. P. Gooding, and R. E. Gaines Das. "The International Reference Reagent for Insulin-like Growth Factor-I." Journal of Endocrinology 125, no. 2 (1990): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1250191.

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ABSTRACT Three preparations of recombinant DNA-derived insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were obtained, prepared in ampoules coded 86/522, 86/720 or 87/518, and evaluated as candidate International Reference Reagents in an international collaborative study (nine laboratories in four countries) in response to a request by the World Health Organization (WHO). Immunoassay dose–response curves for each of the three preparations did not in general differ significantly from those of local standards or from those of ampouled preparations of serum-derived IGF-I which were included in the study. The estimates of ampoule contents in terms of local standards showed considerable heterogeneity; the between-laboratory variability of estimates in terms of local standards was ten times greater than the inherent variability of estimates from these systems as estimated from comparisons of coded duplicates. Bioassay data were limited, and those available were inconsistent with immunoassay data. Of the three preparations, ampoules coded 86/720 were derived from an IGF-I preparation that was heterogeneous by high-performance liquid chromatography, and stability data for the preparation 86/522 were anomalous. As a result, the ampouled preparation coded 87/518 has been established by WHO as the International Reference Reagent for IGF-I for immunoassay, with an assigned ampoule content of 3·1 μg/ampoule, and is available from the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 191–197
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Wang, Kai Bao, Qiu Xiao Yang, Guang Hao Song, Bo Wang, and Wen Kai Ma. "Design and Research on Automatic Opening Device for the Medical Ampoule." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1912.

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In various medical institutions, the ampoule is an essential container in daily medical operations. The automatic opening device for medical ampoule based on optimization design method and dynamics analysis is introduced in the paper. The automatic opening device can be used in the place of hospitals and clinics and fitted for different specifications of the ampoule. The necessary operational process that included nick, disinfection and break in the work of ampoule opening was integrated in the device. The work efficiency was improved greatly through the mechanisms arranged in circular. In the process of using, all ampoules kept an intermittent motion in a circulation under the control of transmission unit. The process of automatic opening will be completed in its cyclical-intermittent motion in about 30 seconds. In the research, the virtual prototype technology was used to simulate the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the mechanical system. The feasibility of the design scheme of mechanical system was proved with the simulation analysis results. The equipment has advantages of the structure is compact, safe and reliable, easy to use. The research of the automatic opening device for the medical ampoule can be regarded as the reference of the related research.
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Koloskova, G. M., and V. Yu Koloskov. "Modelling of impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 100 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1958.

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Purpose: The aim of the represented study was to model the impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming. Design/methodology/approach: The model of polymer ampoules forming is built in SolidWorks software on the basis of finite element method. Using the developed model the study of temperature condition changes is carried out. Numerical modelling was carried out for two types of polymer packaging materials – polypropylene and polyvinylchloride – in similar conditions. Findings: During polymer ampoule forming the highest temperature of liquid is obtained at the bottom of it. The most effective packaging method is to form the ampoule from polypropylene by means of aluminium die. Investigation results have shown that the highest obtained liquid temperature has linear dependence from initial one. Linear coefficients of heating were evaluated for polypropylene (equal to 0.72) and polyvinylchloride (equal to 0.58). Practical implications: Decrease of initial liquid temperature value gives an opportunity to expand the range of products allowed to be packed in polymer ampoules in represented method. Safe conditions for packaging of liquid products in polymer ampoules are formulated, The results of the study may be used to improve the quality of liquid products packaging in polymer ampoules. Originality/value: For the first time the model was developed for determination of liquid heating degree during its packaging in polymer ampoules. The calculations of the temperature distribution are represented for polypropylene and polyvinylchloride ampoules forming by means of aluminium and ceramic dies. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the field of polymer packaging manufacturing for food or pharmaceutical industry.
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McDowell, William H., Jonathan J. Cole, and Charles T. Driscoll. "Simplified Version of the Ampoule–Persulfate Method for Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 1 (1987): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-029.

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A simplified method for the determination of dissolved organic carbon is based upon the ampoule–persulfate wet digestion procedure. The modification proposed involves use of a continuous stream of sparging gas (technical grade oxygen) during the ampoule sealing process to minimize entry of combustion products from the sealing flame. The method provides reliable results with a minimum of training and equipment compared with other methods of sealing ampoules. Further, the proposed method is inexpensive, relatively simple, and compares favorably with costly, automated analysis of dissolved organic carbon.
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Zanelli, Joan M., Rose E. Gaines-Das, and P. Corran. "Establishment of the second international standards for porcine and human calcitonins: report of the international collaborative study." Acta Endocrinologica 128, no. 5 (1993): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1280443.

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The biological potency of calcitonins in clinical use in long-term treatment of Paget's disease of bone and, increasingly, in osteoporosis is usually expressed in international units defined by the relevant World Health Organization international reference preparation. The international reference preparations for porcine and human calcitonins were ampouled in 1970 and stocks are now exhausted. Replacement standards were ampouled in 1989 and have been evaluated and calibrated by an international collaborative study comprising 16 laboratories in 12 countries. Evaluations included high-performance liquid chromatography and in vitro bioassay; calibration of each new ampouled preparation in terms of its international reference preparation was by in vivo rat hypocalcaemia bioassay. On the basis of the results of the study and with the agreement of the participants, replacement standards were established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization in 1991: the international standard for porcine calcitonin (ampoule code 89/540), with an assigned potency of 0.8 international units per ampoule, and the international standard for human calcitonin, with an assigned potency of 17.5 international units per ampoule. Both international standards appeared to be sufficiently stable to serve as the international standards for in vivo biological assays. Comparison of the two species of calcitonin in the same hypocalcaemia assay showed that they were approximately equipotent when the doses were given intravenously but that the human peptide was four- to sixfold more potent than porcine calcitonin when doses were given subcutaneously, emphasizing the need to compare "like with like".
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Hubbard, A. R. "Standardization of Protein C in Plasma: Establishment of an International Standard." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 59, no. 03 (1988): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647516.

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SummaryAn international collaborative study, involving 18 laboratories, was carried out to establish an international standard for protein C in plasma. The proposed standard, which consisted of a freeze-dried ampouled plasma preparation coded 86/622, was assayed against fresh normal plasma and the participants’ local standards. Protein C activity assays were placed in four groups, depending on the method of activation and detection of protein C. The combined potencies (units per ampoule) for the proposed international standard were: thrombin activation/clottirg assays, 0.86; thrombin activation/chromogenic assays, 0.81; snake venom activation/clotting assays, 0.81 and snake venom activation/chromogenic assays, 0.82. Measurement of protein C antigen gave potency estimates of 0.81 and 0.82 units per ampoule for the Laurell electroimmunoassay and ELISA techniques, respectively. The good agreement in potency estimates between the different methods indicates that the overall combined figure (226 assays) for the international standard of 0.82 international units per ampoule should serve for all methods. Accelerated degradation studies have indicated that the standard should be suitably stable when stored at −20° C.The freeze-dried plasma 86/622 has been established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization as the 1st International Standard for Protein C in Plasma, with an assigned unitage of 0.82 international units per ampoule.
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Nunn, D. S., and W. L. M. Baird. "Ampoule labelling." Anaesthesia 51, no. 1 (1996): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07644.x.

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Hutchison, G. "Ampoule evidence." BMJ 310, no. 6983 (1995): 879–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6983.879a.

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Merriman, S., M. J. Paech, and A. D. Keil. "Bacterial Contamination in Solution Aspirated from Non-Sterile Packaged Fentanyl Ampoules: A Laboratory Study." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 4 (2009): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0903700413.

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Iatrogenic meningitis is a rare complication of spinal anaesthesia. It is mandatory to use a technique which minimises the risk of introducing bacteria into the subarachnoid space. Currently available fentanyl ampoules require a careful drawing-up technique, as the outside of the ampoule is not sterile and there is potential to contaminate the contents in the drawing-up process. We designed a pilot laboratory study to determine the extent of bacterial contamination of fentanyl solutions drawn up from non-sterile packaged glass fentanyl ampoules using three different methods: aspirating through a 5 μm filter needle only, aspirating through a 5 μm filter needle after swabbing the neck of the ampoule with isopropyl alcohol and aspirating through an antibacterial filter in addition to the 5 μm filter needle. Ten anaesthetists used each method once, in randomised order, to draw up solution from three different fentanyl ampoules. Samples underwent bacterial culture in blood agar and enrichment broth for 48 hours. No significant growth was seen in any sample. This pilot study did not identify any bacterial contamination of fentanyl solution irrespective of which of the three methods for aspiration was used.
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Gaines Das, R. E., and A. F. Bristow. "The Second International Reference Preparation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Human, for Immunoassay: calibration by bioassay and immunoassay in an international collaborative study." Journal of Endocrinology 104, no. 3 (1985): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1040367.

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ABSTRACT Four batches of ampouled materials in ampoules coded 80/558, 81/502, 81/565 and 81/615 were evaluated by 22 laboratories in nine countries in an international collaborative study for their suitability to serve as a replacement for the First International Reference Preparation (IRP) of TSH, Human, for Immunoassay. The ampouled preparations were calibrated by immunoassay and bioassay. The preparation coded 80/558 had satisfactory stability and contained acceptably low levels of contamination with FSH and LH. Estimates of the immunoreactive TSH content of a set of specimens of serum in terms of 80/558 showed agreement in ranking order and no increase in variability compared with estimates made by assay against the First IRP. On the basis of these results, with the agreement of the participants in the study, and with the authorization of the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization, the preparation coded 80/558 was established in 1983 as the Second International Reference Preparation of TSH, Human, for Immunoassay, with a defined potency of 37 mi.u./ampoule. Preparations coded 81/502, 81/565 and 81/615 were found suitable to serve as working standards. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 367–379
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ampoule"

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Christoforou, Christakis. "Ampullome vatérien : résultats d'une étude rétrospective portant sur 50 cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11026.

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KERIVEN, ODILE. "Echoendoscopie et pathologie de l'ampoule de vater : semiologie ultra-sonore ; resultats pour le diagnostic et l'evaluation de l'extension loco-regionale." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31520.

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MATTEI, ANTOINE-ANDRE. "Place de la photodestruction laser dans le traitement des ampullomes benins." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M315.

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Astruc, Emmanuelle. "Contrôle d'étanchéité des ampoules injectables : méthode au bain bleu." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P110.

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Schreiber, Anne. "Des tumeurs de la papille de vater en general et des formes histologiques rares en particulier." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M066.

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Castillo, Sandra. "Comparison between different freezing and thawing methods for human spermatozoa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158842.

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Preservation of cells and tissues by freezing at temperatures below 70°C has led to new possibilities for the storage of germ cells for fertility preservation. During the freezing process problems might occur, the greatest being ice crystallization which can cause membrane destruction and thus cell death. To minimize this risk, solutions that reduce the freezing point can be added to reduce crystallization and increase survival rates. These solutions are called cryoprotectants. The best method for freezing is still not known.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of various parameters on the survival rate of human semen frozen with liquid nitrogen. The parameters investigated were thawing method (incubator or water bath) and container choice (straw or ampoule). In addition, two different cryoprotectants were tested.The method used was the instruction for preservation with Sperm CryoProtec™ II from Nidacon. In total 16 samples were collected for the first test and 13 samples for the second test. Sperm concentration and motility was measured.There seem to be no significant differences depending on container choice or thawing method leading to the conclusion that the most cost effective method of storage and thawing may be used. A small but significant difference was found in survival after thawing dependent on cryoprotectant p=0.041. However the study sample was limited and further studies might be of value.
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Neuman, Serge. "Projet "ampoule" : systèmes novateurs pour l'enseignement des sciences et des techniques opérant à l'échelle du nanomètre." Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0861.

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Le principe du projet ampoule est de robotiser des experiences de physique utilisant un scanning probe microscope (spm). Ainsi, l'utilisateur peut se concentrer sur les donnees pertinentes de l'experience pendant que la machine prend en charge toute la problematique de la manipulation. La machine est concue avec une approche roboticienne. Elle est construite autour d'un spm vu comme une machine a commande numerique. Afin de realiser d'autres experiences que celles se faisant a temperature ambiante dans l'air et a pression atmospherique, la partie operative est placee dans une enceinte close, d'ou la terminologie d'ampoule. La partie commande est realisee en adequation avec les objectifs d'experimentation. Il existe donc autant d'ampoules que de types d'experiences realisables avec un spm, mais toutes ces machines sont declinees d'un meme concept : la meta-ampoule. La these se compose de 5 chapitres : le premier chapitre brosse un rapide panorama des nanotechnologies et donne le plan du memoire. Les second et troisieme chapitres decrivent des actionneurs a deplacement macroscopique avec une resolution nanoscopique. Le chapitre 4 valide la faisabilite d'un stm de petite taille (< 1 cm 3). Son electronique de commande et l'interface homme-machine sont completement definies avec l'objectif de pouvoir les reutiliser pour notre projet ampoule. Le dernier chapitre concerne cette nouvelle gamme d'appareils pedagogiques : des robot-experimentations. Les potentialites et les objectifs y sont rapidement decrits. La suite du chapitre concerne la justification de notre resolution du probleme et la definition d'un cookbook autour d'une realisation generique : la meta-ampoule. Le chapitre se termine sur des exemples d'application et la prospective pour mener ce projet jusqu'a son terme final : son industrialisation.
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Liard, Olivier. "Les tumeurs villeuses oddiennes : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25136.

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VANGREVELYNGHE, OLIVIER. "Fistule arterioveineuse de l'ampoule de galien avec asystolie chez le nouveau ne : observation de 9 cas cliniques." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M324.

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EISSAUTIER, BERTRAND. "Les tumeurs malignes primitives de la voie biliaire principale (ampoule de water exclue) : a propos de 50 observations." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20093.

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Books on the topic "Ampoule"

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Allen, Woody. L' ampoule magique. L'Avant Scene, 1994.

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Johnson, M. L. Ampoule failure sensor time response testing: Experiment 1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.

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L, Johnson M. Ampoule failure sensor time response testing: Experiments 2 and 3. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.

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Cottingham, John. Combien de sales feministes faut-il pour changer une ampoule?: Antifeminisme et art contemporain. Tahin-Party, 2000.

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Megapanou, Amalia. Hē diaphanēs ampoula. LIBRO, 1993.

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Nachmia, Nina Kokkalidou. Hē koilada me tous ampoules. Paratērētēs, 1990.

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Bayo, Emili. Ampolles mig buides. Proa, 2000.

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Bayo, Emili. Ampolles mig buides. Proa, 2000.

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Le ampolle di San Mena: Religiosità, cultura materiale e sistema produttivo. Palombi, 2002.

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Kiss, Zsolt. Les ampoules de Saint Ménas découvertes à Kôm el-Dikka (1961-1981) =: Ampułki świętego Menasa z polskich wykopalisk na Kôm el-Dikka (1961-1981). Editions scientifiques de Pologne, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ampoule"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "ampoule." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_591.

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Yates, John T. "Break-Seal Ampoule Doser." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_195.

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Kimura, Masaomi, Yutaroh Furukawa, Akira Kojo, et al. "Appearance Similarity Index for Medicinal Ampoule Labels." In Human-Computer Interaction. Design and Development Approaches. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21602-2_64.

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Sabrina, Nouri, Benzeghiba Mohamed, and Ghezal Abdrrahmane. "Effect of Steady Ampoule Rotation on Radial Dopant Segregation in Vertical Bridgman Growth." In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00506-5_2.

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Gong, Y. P., Z. K. Bi, F. Wang, et al. "Simulation and Experimental Study on Breakage of Ampoule Bottle Based on an Automatic Opening Device." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9437-0_71.

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Braissant, Olivier, and Alma U. “Dan” Daniels. "Closed Ampoule Isothermal Microcalorimetry for Continuous Real-Time Detection and Evaluation of Cultured Mammalian Cell Activity and Responses." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-108-6_20.

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Vijayan, Narayanasamy, Verónica Carcelén, and Ernesto Diéguez. "The Use of a Platinum Tube as an Ampoule Support in the Bridgman Growth of Bulk CZT Crystals." In Crystal Growth Technology. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632879.ch11.

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Asmadi, Mohd, Haruo Kawamoto, and Shiro Saka. "Primary Pyrolysis and Secondary Reaction Behaviors as Compared Between Japanese Cedar and Japanese Beech Wood in an Ampoule Reactor." In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2009. Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99779-5_22.

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Kuchumov, A. G., Y. I. Nyashin, and V. A. Samartsev. "Modelling of Peristaltic Bile Flow in the Papilla Ampoule with Stone and in the Papillary Stenosis Case: Application to Reflux Investigation." In 7th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering 2015. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19452-3_42.

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Batsanov, S. S. "Ampoules for Recovery of Shock-Loaded Products." In Effects of Explosions on Materials. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3969-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ampoule"

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Lien, Ching-Wen, Bor-Shong Liu, Yun-Ju Chen, and Chuan-Hui Yu. "Ergonomic evaluation of new ampoule open design." In 2016 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icasi.2016.7539572.

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Lin, Bochuan, Chao Li, Heng Ban, et al. "Theory and Simulation of a Novel Viscosity Measurement Method for High Temperature Semiconductor Melt." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32352.

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A novel viscosity measurement technique was developed in which angular deflection-oscillation of a sealed quartz ampoule containing a semiconductor melt is measured upon application of a rotating magnetic field. This paper provides a theoretical basis for this novel method. Equations for coupled fluid flow and ampoule torsional oscillation were solved numerically. The predictions of the melt flow and ampoule oscillation were in good agreement with the experimental data. The results also showed that both electrical conductivity and viscosity could be calculated from the experimental data by a numerical fitting procedure. The transient velocity of the melt caused by the rotating magnetic field was found to reach steady state in about one minute, within which both the electrical conductivity and the viscosity of the melt can be obtained. This is a significant improvement over the existing oscillation cup method, which requires about one hour of measurement to obtain viscosity.
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Liu, John, N. Catherine Hogan, and Ian Hunter. "Ampoule and nozzle development for needle-free injections." In 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8036823.

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Ruddy, Bryan P., James W. Mckeage, Rhys M. J. Williams, Poul M. F. Nielsen, and Andrew J. Taberner. "A compound ampoule for large-volume controllable jet injection." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7320087.

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Liu, Congfeng, Shiwen Sun, and Hualian Xu. "Effect of ampoule coating technology on defects in CdZnTe crystal." In Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings, edited by Liming Zhang and Michael J. O'Mahony. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.823265.

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Chen, Kai. "A Novel Piezo-Driven Micro-Jet Injection System for Transdermal Drug Delivery." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83020.

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A novel piezo-driven micro-jet injection system is presented for transdermal drug delivery. The system uses an amplified piezoelectric actuator and a precision ball screw to accumulate the displacement of each pulsed injection. The device effectively eliminates the flow restrictor in the ampoule.
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Yao Qin and Boxiong Wang. "Study of on-line inspection technique for foreign substance in Ampoule." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6009975.

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Lien, Ching-Wen, and Po-Hsiang Liu. "Ergonomic analysis and survey of sharp injuries on opening the glass ampoule." In 2017 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iea.2017.7939172.

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Datta, Amlan, Santosh Swain, Yunlong Cui, Arnold Burger, and Kelvin Lynn. "Preliminary results on Bridgman grown CdZnTe detector crystals assisted by ampoule rotation." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Ralph B. James, Arnold Burger, Larry A. Franks, and Michael Fiederle. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.930437.

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Lund, Kurt, and Timothy Knowles. "Analysis of phase front planarity during directional solidification in an actively cooled ampoule." In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-737.

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Reports on the topic "Ampoule"

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McGregor, Douglas S., Elsa Ariesanti, and Bridget Corcoran. Horizontal Ampoule Growth and Characterization of Mercuric Iodide at Controlled Gas Pressures for X-Ray and Gamma Ray Spectrometers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825722.

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Colle, Ronald. Ampoules for radioactivity standard reference materials. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8254.

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