Relevant bibliographies by topics / Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar, India, 1919

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar, India, 1919'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar, India, 1919"

1

Doyle, Mark. "Massacre by the Book: Amritsar and the Rules of Public-Order Policing in Britain and India." Britain and the World 4, no. 2 (September 2011): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2011.0025.

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In the immediate aftermath of the 1919 killings at Amritsar, where British forces commanded by Reginald Dyer gunned down hundreds of unarmed Indians at an illegal demonstration, debate centered on whether Dyer's actions were typical or atypical of British behavior in India. While British commentators generally regarded this violence as aberrant and ‘un-British,’ Indian nationalists and some British observers saw the killings as merely an unusually naked manifestation of the generalized violence of British imperialism. This article offers a re-examination of the Amritsar killings by placing Dyer's behaviour within the context of the rules governing public-order policing in both India and Britain. While broadly agreeing that the killings were part of a pattern of state violence in British India, it argues that the killings were not carried out in opposition to the rule of law but were, in fact, authorized by the law. In both Britain and India, the rules of public-order policing gave police and military commanders the power to use deadly force in dispersing crowds and by remaining deliberately vague about when such force should be used. The restraint of state violence in Britain came about through the vigilance of the press and Parliament, but in India state violence against large crowds was much more common due to fewer external checks. The killings at Amritsar did not violate the rule of law, therefore, but they did expose a profound difference between Britain and India in how that law was enacted.
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Wagner, Kim A. "Fear and Loathing in Amritsar: an Intimate Account of Colonial Crisis." Itinerario 42, no. 1 (April 2018): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115318000086.

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This essay revisits the events surrounding one of the most emblematic instances of colonial violence, namely the Amritsar Massacre of 1919, through the diary of an Englishwoman, Mrs. Melicent Wathen. Where most histories of the Amritsar Massacre emphasize British brutality and Indian suffering, Melicent’s experience was instead characterized by fear and the uncertainty of what became a headlong flight from Empire. Her diary thus offers an intimate account of colonial crisis. If we are to engage comprehensively with the lived experience of empire, the forms and functions of colonial fears and anxieties must be acknowledged; not because colonial panics were caused by real threats, which often they were not, but because they played such a crucial role in shaping colonial policies and in framing the relationship between rulers and ruled.
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Sayer, Derek. "BRITISH REACTION TO THE AMRITSAR MASSACRE 1919–1920." Past and Present 131, no. 1 (1991): 130–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/131.1.130.

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Willcock, Sean. "Guilt in the Archive: Photography and the Amritsar Massacre of 1919." History of Photography 43, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.2019.1613791.

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Subramanian, Lakshmi. "Kim A. Wagner. Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre." American Historical Review 126, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhab385.

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Chowdhury, Sharmishtha Roy. "Kim A. Wagner. Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019. Pp 360. $32.50 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 59, no. 1 (January 2020): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.223.

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Bhagavan, Manu. "Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre. By Kim A. Wagner. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2019. xxvi, 325 pp. ISBN: 9780300200355 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 79, no. 1 (February 2020): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911819002225.

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Chester, Lucy. "Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre. By Kim A. Wagner. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019. Pp. xxx+326. $32.50 (cloth); $18.00 (paper)." Journal of Modern History 92, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/711264.

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Newsinger, John. "Review: Amritsar 1919: an empire of fear and the making of a massacre by Kim A. Wagner, Britain’s Pacification of Palestine: the British Army, the colonial state, and the Arab Revolt 1936–1939 by Matthew Hughes." Race & Class 61, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396819871426.

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George, Joppan. "Gujranwala, 14 April 1919: Terror from air and airmindedness in late colonial India." Journal of Transport History, July 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00225266241262473.

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This article revisits one of the earliest instances of British colonial aerial aggression in an urban milieu in South Asia to better understand the normative conceptions of airmindedness, the popular appreciation of aviation. A day after the massacre of unarmed civilians in Jalianwala Bagh, Amritsar, in 1919, three Royal Air Force airplanes armed with bombs and machine guns flew out from Lahore toward Gujranwala in Punjab. The event unleashed a whirlwind of rumours that spread from Lahore to Rangoon, which spoke of the collective fears of aerial violence. If the scant evidence presented by the pilots to the official inquiry into the unrest in Punjab served only to whitewash the record, a peoples’ report that marshalled witness testimonies indicted the colonial state's proclivity for violence. By assembling photographic evidence and crafting a cartographic triangulation of the sites of bombing from their testimonies, the colonial subjects challenged the statist narrative. The asymmetry of vertical violence in Gujranwala was also excavated as political commentary in a novel published in New York by an Indian author. By piecing together these disparate discursive fragments, my article attempts to make a composite sketch of the popular responses to trace a non-Western perspective on airmindedness.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar, India, 1919"

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Ilahi, Shereen Fatima. "The empire of violence : strategies of British rule in India and Ireland in the aftermath of the Great War." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24033.

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This dissertation focuses on British imperial violence in India and Ireland just after the First World War. It compares incidents of violence in each place to argue that British violent repression was an essential component of the imperial system. It also analyzes the public reaction to these events to show new, sharp divisions in British politics that had significant implications for the fate of Ireland, then waging a war for independence. Specifically, this dissertation compares, by way of case studies, the “Amritsar Massacre” of April 13, 1919 and the administration of martial law in Punjab, to the ways in which Crown Forces exacted reprisals against unarmed civilians during the Irish war for independence, including the incident of November 21, 1920, commonly referred to as “Bloody Sunday,” when British ex-military officers opened fire on a crowd watching an Irish football match. The authorities in Punjab and Ireland committed reprehensible acts that resulted in official government inquiries. The Hunter Committee, as the inquiring body into the Punjab incidents is known, condemned the shooting at Amritsar. The Government of India forced the officer responsible, General Dyer, to retire. The British reaction to this was sharply divided between Conservatives and Irish Unionists who championed Dyer and Liberals, Indian and Irish nationalists who felt the government had been too lenient on the man. Similarly, countless voices decried the excesses of imperialism and the use of reprisals against the Irish Republican Army (IRA), but for varied reasons. The public reaction to these Irish and Indian developments, along with British policy, transpired in the context of a “crisis of empire.” Britain was beset by unrest not only in Ireland and India, but also in Egypt, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Palestine. Colonial nationalists radicalized by the war and Wilsonian notions of self-determination demanded self-government while Britain fought fiscal insolvency, domestic unrest, Bolshevism and Pan-Islamism. In this global context, concessions to moderate nationalists would have to be made and coercion used only as a last resort. In this sense the imperial system was changing, and the old guard stood determined to fight it.
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Books on the topic "Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar, India, 1919"

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Wolpert, Stanley A. Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh. New Delhi, India: Penguin Books, 1988.

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Wolpert, Stanley A. Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh. India: Penguin, 1988.

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Narain, Savita. The historiography of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, 1919. South Godstone: Spantech and Lancer, 1998.

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Raĭkov, A. V. Amritsarskai͡a︡ tragedii͡a︡ 1919 g. i osvoboditelʹnoe dvizhenie v Indii. Moskva: Izd-vo "Nauka," Glav. red. vostochnoĭ lit-ry, 1985.

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1941-, Siddhū Guradewa Siṅgha, ed. Sākā Bāg̲h̲a-e-Jaḷḷiāṃ. Paṭiālā: Pabalīkeshana Biūro, Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī, 1995.

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Suri, Navdeep. K̲h̲ūnī wisākhī. Ammritasara: Loka Sāhita Prakāshana, 2019.

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Z̲ulfiqār, Ghulām Ḥusain. Jalyānvālah bāg̲h̲ kā qatl-i ʻām aur maẓālim-i Panjāb. Lāhaur: Sang-i Mīl Pablīkeshanz, 1996.

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Perkins, Roger. The Amritsar legacy: Golden Temple to Caxton Hall, the story of a killing. Chippenham: Picton, 1989.

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1929-, Gurasharana Siṅgha, Horniman, B. G. b. 1873., and Punjabi University Publication Bureau, eds. Jallianwala Bagh commemoration volume and Amritsar and our duty to India. Patiala: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, 1994.

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Kitchlew, Toufique. Saifuddin Kitchlew: Hero of Jallianwala Bagh. New Delhi: National Book Trust, India, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar, India, 1919"

1

Kent, Susan Kingsley. "The Amritsar Massacre, 1919–1920." In Aftershocks, 64–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582002_4.

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Hardiman, David. "Exposing State Terror." In The Nonviolent Struggle for Indian Freedom, 1905-19, 171–206. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190920678.003.0006.

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The subject of the fifth chapter is the first major all-India campaign led by Gandhi, the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919. This was in reaction to oppressive legislation being introduced by the British to counter a supposed threat from violent extremist nationalists. The nonviolent protest met with a draconian reaction in Punjab, which included the notorious Amritsar massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, creating what is described in the literature on nonviolent resistance as ‘backfire’ – where terror by the state serves to alienate moderates and thus create the conditions for even more powerful resistance. This led into the major anti-British campaign of 1920-22, the Noncooperation Movement, which is the subject of the next volume.
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Arnold, David. "Representation and Remembrance." In Pandemic Re-Awakenings, 187–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843739.003.0011.

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Despite India losing between 12 and 20 million people to influenza in 1918–19, the highest mortality anywhere in the world, the epidemic has been remarkably neglected in recorded memories and historical narratives of the period. This great mortality and its subsequent remembrance were largely subsumed in, or overshadowed by, Indian participation in the First World War and official memorialisation of its casualties, actual or incipient famine across large parts of the subcontinent, the economic and administrative disruption caused by the war and a new phase of nationalist militancy against British rule, led by Mohandas Gandhi, centring on the Rowlatt Satyagraha and Amritsar massacre of April 1919. Unlike its vigorous interventionism against the plague epidemic of the 1890s, the colonial regime believed itself powerless to check the spread of influenza and adopted few preventive or remedial measures, and so had scant reason to celebrate its own role. That said, some Europeans and Indians did record or recall their deep sense of personal loss, the shock of witnessing mortality on such an unprecedented scale and the impact on their lives of India’s devastating ‘war fever’.
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"MASSACRE." In Amritsar 1919, 163–77. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcb5btz.17.

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"9. Massacre (13 April)." In Amritsar 1919, 163–77. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300245462-014.

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"Conclusion: Amritsar and the British in India." In The Amritsar Massacre. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755625710.0011.

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"The Great War and Reform in India." In The Amritsar Massacre. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755625710.ch-002.

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Sayer, Derek. "British Reaction to the Amritsar Massacre, 1919–1920." In Crossing Cultures, 142–81. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2vt0518.9.

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Clémentin-Ojha, Catherine. "Secularizing Renunciation?" In Religious Interactions in Modern India, 209–35. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198081685.003.0008.

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Focusing on Swami Shraddhananda (1857–1926), the chapter discusses the turn towards an ideal of political samnyasi-hood in the early twentieth century. With Gandhi, Shraddhananda shared the conviction that the regeneration of India could only be achieved through a personal disciplinary regime. Paying particular attention to the speech Shraddhananda gave at the session of the Indian National Congress in Amritsar in 1919, the chapter demonstrates his understanding of the public function of a modern samnayasi. Shraddhananda had ordained himself samnayasi in 2017. While traditionally a samnyasi renounced his social role, Shraddhananda conceived of a samnyasi in his days as one who uses his independence to become a responsible actor in social and political matters, doing seva, service, for the whole world, and working for the liberation of the nation. The author embeds her analysis in a specific understanding of secularization following which values and forms of institutionalization can be transferred from the religious to the secular sphere.
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