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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amu River'

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Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Su, Ye. "The Impacts of Climate Changeon River Flow and Riparian Vegetation in the Amu Darya River Delta, Central Asia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74428.

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The increasing global air temperature will trigger changes in the global mean water vapor, precipitation patterns and evapotranspiration, which further leads to changes, for instance, instream flow, groundwater flow and soil moisture. Projections of future changes in thehydrological regime of the Aral Sea Drainage Basin (ASDB) in Central Asia are however highlyuncertain, due to complexities of natural and engineered water systems of the basin. The AmuDarya River Delta (ADRD) is vital to the water budget of the Large Aral Sea, the livelihood inUzbekistan and Turkmenistan, as well as the surrounding riparian ecosystem. This study attemptsto investigate responses of river flow in the Aral Sea Drainage Basin and key riparian vegetationspecies (of the so-called Tugai community) in the Amu Darya River Delta to projected futureclimate change. Results from hydrological model and outputs from multi-GCM predictions providea basis for conducting more robust quantitative analysis of possible future hydro-climatic changesin the Amu Darya River Basin. A qualitative synthesis of the suitability of Tugai is furthermoreperformed in order to increase the knowledge of the riparian vegetation status under thechanging hydro-climatic conditions. The results show that the averaged temperature in the ASDBis likely to continuously increase and yield a total increase of about 2 °C ~ 5°C by 2100. Thechange trend of the annual regional precipitation of 2100 is relatively unclear, with estimatesranging from 50 mm lower than today to 75 mm higher than today. Modeled ensemble means (EM)river flow, obtained from hydrological modeling of climate output from multi-GCM projections,converge on showing future decreases in river runoff (R). Projected absolute R may decrease tozero around 2100, implying no surface flow and a dry out near the river outlet. The relationship ofwater flux between upstream and downstream will be changed dramatically due to climatechange. More specifically, R of the upstream region will decrease, and it is likely to becomeinsufficient for feeding downstream river reaches as it used to. The decreased river flow in thedelta may accelerate the desertification and salinization processes. Consequently, speciestransitions may occur, along with degradations of the existing Tugai communities. Theuncertainties of hydro-climatic change projections to some extent hinder the understanding of thedynamic hydrological-climatic-ecological system. However, the detailed responses of the delta toclimate change based on multiple qualitative and quantitative analyses provide an important basisfor the formulation of more robust forecasts on the future ecological development in the ADRD, and further for recommendations of measures to mitigate the ecosystem’s deterioration under achanging climate.
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2

Burge, Leif M. "Dynamics of a transitional river pattern : a multi-scale investigation of controls on the wandering pattern of Miramichi rivers, New Brunswick, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84484.

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The wandering river pattern represents one of the last remaining river patterns that are not well understood. Many aspects of these rivers are not well known, particularly the processes of their creation and maintenance. The term wandering describes gravel or cobble bedded rivers, transitional between braided and meandering, with multiple channel sections around semi-permanent islands connected by single channel sections. This dissertation investigates the controls on the characteristics of wandering rivers within the Miramichi region of New Brunswick through time and at three nested spatial scales.<br>At the scale of rivers, three factors appear to be needed for wandering to occur: (1) wide valleys, (2) channel energy between braiding and meandering, and (3) avulsion triggers, frequent overbank flows caused by icejams in the Miramichi. Principal component analysis showed that larger wandering rivers displayed greater anabranching intensity than smaller rivers, perhaps related to higher stage ice jams within larger rivers.<br>At the scale of channels, the wandering pattern of the Renous River was found to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with channel creation balanced by channel abandonment. The anabranch cycle model was developed to illustrate the temporal dynamics of anabranch creation, maintenance and abandonment within wandering rivers.<br>Also at the channel scale, principal component analysis of channel reaches within the Renous River displayed differences in grain size and hydraulic efficiency between side-channels and main-channels. Energy and sediment mobility within side-channels was related to their formation, maintenance and abandonment. Energy and sediment mobility within main-channels was related to mega bedforms called bedwaves. The apex of some bedwaves occurred at diffluences.<br>At the scale of channel elements, diffluences are stable where a large bar is formed and accretes upstream, creating a large reservoir of sediment upstream of anabranch channels to buffer their degradation. Where diffluences are unstable, a large bar forms within one anabranch channel to partially block flow and may cause its abandonment. The dissertation illustrates that within wandering rivers, processes occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales interact to create and maintain the pattern.
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3

Irving, Adam. "River novel & complementary discourses." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617277/.

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The complementary discourse explores the function and value of narrative and why mankind seems to have always seen events, connected or unconnected, as stories. It investigates how we process and perceive fiction and compares narratives found in non-fiction, police witness statements, films and diaries to consider why the human brain seems hard-wired to transform events into narrative. The accompanying novel, A River, is set in Manchester over a three hundred year period. The events in the chapters are presented in reverse order; from the 1990's to the 1720's, beginning with the chronological end of the tale and working towards the starting point. The chapter's regression highlights how a familiar location is constantly in flux and sometimes shares little with the same place of the past. Time and location are both treated as characters, playing important roles in the personality of the city. The buildings and streets, events, food and language have all been researched for accuracy, either first hand or using diaries, films, maps and photographs. The novel occupies a grey area between fiction and history. The narrative actively avoids the traditional novel formulas of historical fiction and magic realism and is intended to be an accessible experimental novel, questioning the idea of what a story is.
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4

Norreys, Richard. "Water quality river impact model (RIM) for river basin management." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305863.

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5

Alkali, A. G. "River-aquifer interaction in the Middle Yobe River Basin, North East Nigeria." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8585.

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Development of the shallow alluvial groundwater of the Hadejia-Jama'are-Yobe River valley flood plain (northern Nigeria) has been taking place with increasing intensity over the past decade. However little has previously been known about the nature of the Yobe River-aquifer interaction, including the recharge mechanisms. This thesis reports on a study of the river-aquifer interaction in the middle section of the basin, centred on a field site near Gashua, Yobe State. Detailed field studies were undertaken over a period of 14-months, which involved geoelectical sounding, drilling and water level monitoring. The results of the field study show that the Yobe basin is underlain by a sand and gravel aquifer, which is covered by an average of 1-3m of clay. The Yobe River is in hydraulic continuity with the adjacent alluvial aquifer and variations in aquifer storativity have been recognised as an important factor in understanding the hydraulic behaviour of the Yobe River-alluvial groundwater system. A confinedunconfined groundwater regime exists within the present site and is an inherent characteristic of the alluvial groundwater system. The recognition of this state enables a conceptual flow model of the system to be developed. A multi-layer, spatially distributed model is proposed, in which transitions between confined and unconfined conditions can be realistically represented. A numerical model needs to be designed with these concepts in mind in order to simulate the system. The research techniques employed in the study are appropriate for the assessment of the Yobe basin system where detailed data is currently not available. The combination of detailed geophysical survey, water level monitoring and conceptual modelling has led to a good understanding of the Yobe River-alluvial aquifer interaction. It is for this reason that the techniques employed in this study can be adapted for investigating the remainder of the basin downstream of the present site.
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6

Toriman, M. Ekhwan. "Investigations into channel instability and river morphological change : the Langat river peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251008.

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7

Mansfield, W. A. "The hydrogeomorphological effects of river channel crossings." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376040.

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8

Ashbridge, David A. J. "Processes of river bank erosion and their contribution to the suspended sediment load of the River Culm, Devon, England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253515.

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9

Heine, Reuben. "Modeling incision of tributaries from Missouri River degradation : Gavins Point Dam to Platte River confluence /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1068216401&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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10

Pelan, Kevin. "An assessment of the chemical and biological methods of river water-quality classification in the Foyle River catchment." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232841.

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Data for ten chemical parameters, obtained from the routine chemical monitoring programme for 49 sites in the Foyle River catchment, were assessed for temporal trends. Results suggest: A downward trend in dissolved oxygen concentration (%DO) at a majority of sites; An indication of a widespread upward trend in nitrate concentration; Evidence that increases in nitrate concentration occur a sites after rainfall following dry periods; No corresponding upward trend in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD); Eutrophication as the main water-quality problem in the Foyle River catchment. Biological and chemical General Quality Assessment of the Foyle River sites classifies only 7 sites to the same classification band. Ordination of 10 sites was carried out using the seasonal averages of BOD, %DO, and NH4-N for each site and repeated using Spring, Summer and Autumn macroinvertebrate abundance data. Spearman Rank correlation suggests that BOD, %DO, and NH4-N have little influence in structuring the community composition at the sites. Comparison of species and family-level ordinations appears to support family-level identification in a monitoring programme although species of the same family show different correlations to the determinants. Family-based scoring may not reflect the complexes of species level responses to these variables. Multivariate analysis indicates that some pollution-sensitive species are correlated with greater than average BOD concentration. The removal of such species results in an increase of 3.1% in the % variance in the Spring data explained by the three variables, while Autumn is unchanged. The variance of the species-based data and the family-based ‘explained’ by the three variables in each season is essentially unchanged. Recalculation of Ecological Quality Indices (EQIs) for the 10 sites after these species are removed indicates that the number of sites classified to the same band is increased.
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11

Hesselink, Annika W. "History makes a river : morphological changes and human interference in the river Rhine, the Netherlands /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap : Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010018442&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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12

Watson, Thomas J. "Wind River Basin, Wyoming streamflow reconstructions." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400958981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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13

Esau, Mandy Anita. "Investigating channel change in relation to landuse change in the Klein Berg River, Tulbagh." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The Klein Berg River catchment is intensely cultivated with orchards, vineyards and wheat, while also ensuring a water supply to the main urban center, Tulbagh, and the two conservation areas (Waterval and Groot Winterhoek). The primary objective of this thesis is to determine channel change over a long and short time period, and to relate these changes to landuse change within the catchment. <br /> <br /> Assessing stability of a selected reach within the catchment was done on a short term basis with the use of erosion pins and cross<br /> profiles, while aerial photographs of over 55 years (acquired during 1942, 1967, 1987 and 1997) which were analysed using Geographic Informations Systems. Rainfall and discharge data, which were available for a period of 49-years were statistically analysed and used to determine trends. Vegetation characteristics were assessed by means of transects within the study reach. The results over the short time period (18 months) indicate noticeable channel change in the form of erosion and deposition within the channel. Bank material composition and riparian invasive alien vegetation play an important role in bank stability. Sand was the dominant grain size of the bank material, and fluvial entrainment occurred during periods of high flow. Woody alien trees prevent the growth of protective ground vegetation, and thus the soil is prone to erosion. Undercutting was also observed with the invasive woody trees, resulting in treefall. Debris dams were also common in the channel and depending on their position in the channel, either cause or prevent bank erosion. Landuse change over the 55-year period illustrated its effects on channel stability. Shrublands within the catchment has been replaced with invasive alien vegetation along the riparian zone, while shrublands along the Obiekwa Mountains, were replaced with cultivated lands. The patterns (shape and size) of lateral and point bars within the study area changed significantly within the 55-year period, which indicates a change in the discharge and sediment dynamics within the catchment. The change in sediment dynamics may be due to agricultural activities and urbanization. The increased trend in rainfall, especially during the winter season within the catchment is also an important catchment control. The study has revealed the integrated nature of variables within the catchment. It is thus recommended that a holistic and integrated approach at a catchment scale is required in the assessment of channel change of a river.
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14

Paice, Colin. "Hydraulic control of river bank erosion : an environmental approach." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254514.

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15

Witwit, Wahab A. H. "Sediment and solute transport in the River Leven, Fife." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311790.

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16

Best, James Leonard. "Flow dynamics and sediment transport at river channel confluences." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284141.

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17

Hughes, Michael L. "Channel change of the upper Umatilla River during and between flood periods : variability and ecological implications." Thesis, Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1678703131&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-137). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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18

Abumoghli, Iyad. "Modelling nitrification in the River Zarka of Jordan." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336090.

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19

Flinn, Michael Brainerd. "Biological responses in off-channel habitat to hydrologic gradients and river management practices in Mississippi River Pool 25 /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1140187751&sid=18&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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20

Cheesbrough, Kyle S. "Glacial recession in Wyoming's Wind River Range." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445046281&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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21

Ainsworth, Andrew Mark. "Microbial organic nitrogen transformations in the River Swale-Ouse system." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301371.

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22

Laurière, Christine. "Paul Rivet : le savant & le politique /." Paris : Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41286408x.

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23

Seybold, Hansjörg Florian. "Modeling river delta formation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18263.

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24

Molebatsi, Lemogang. "Nutrient fluxes within the Berg River from 1976 to 2017, Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31060.

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Deterioration of freshwater systems due to eutrophication is increasingly a global concern because it puts stress on the already limited freshwater systems. Eutrophication is caused by elevated levels of nutrients in river systems primarily from poor land management whereby excess nutrients are discharged into fresh water bodies. It is exacerbated by factors such as human population growth, economic growth and climate change. The main aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the nutrient status of the Berg River since the 1970s and tendencies toward hypertrophic conditions. The Berg River is an important source of bulk water supply for both domestic and industrial purposes in the Western Province, South Africa. The study examined water quality data from the Department of Water and Sanitation’s Resource Quality Information Services for nine monitoring sites along the Berg River to determine the long-term trends. The data sets were analyzed using parametric statistics. The results show that nutrient levels in the Berg River are increasing at almost all the selected monitoring sites. The long term trend showed low mean values for both upstream and downstream with a peak nutrient levels observed along sections that were densely populated and extensively cultivated. Based on available total phosphorus data, all sites were classified as eutrophic except a monitoring site along the most populated and cultivated section of the Berg River which was permanently hypertrophic. Long-term mean values for total phosphorus exceed the recommended international guidelines for aquatic plant life. The long-term mean values of nitrate and nitrite also exceed the recommended guideline for aquatic plant life. Ortho-phospate mean values for the study showed that all sites experienced hypertrophic states at some stage during 1987 to 2017. Student t-test analyses confirm that nutrient concentration loads had increased in the past decade. The results confirm that anthrophogenic activities and climate change are two major drivers of change resulting in an increase in eutrophication. Therefore, serious attention should be paid to the role of anthrophogenic activites and climate change to mitigate the negative impact on freshwater systems.
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25

Cook, Nathan A. "Status of anthropogenically-isolated populations of Colorado River cutthroat trout in the upper North Fork Little Snake River Drainage, Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939182141&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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26

Sanderson, Travis B. "Habitat diversity and access to tributaries are important to adult Snake River cutthroat trout residing in the Salt River, Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495960491&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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27

Petchprayoon, Pakorn. "The effects of urbanization on river discharge and river flood potential in a central northern watershed, Thailand." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453537.

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28

Hutton, Benjamin. "Characterization of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities within the Obed Wild and Scenic River system a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=9&did=1786737171&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1250538742&clientId=28564.

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29

Strydom, Wilma Fernanda. "The impact of State-Of-Rivers Reporting on people’s attitudes towards river conservation : a case study of the Buffalo and Hartenbos & Klein Brak Catchments in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4509.

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Thesis (MSc (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During 2007, two evidence-based studies were undertaken in two catchment areas in South Africa. The first study ascertained the relationships between demographic attributes and general awareness, human impacts, attitudes and water use behaviour. The second study determined whether or not State-of-River (SoR) materials developed for foundation phase learners (grades 1 to 3) improved their understanding of and influenced their attitudes towards river conservation. Surveys were conducted amongst learners (n=1178) and parents (n=1144) from different cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. Questionnaires were available in three languages, namely English, isiXhosa and Afrikaans. The SoR reporting materials were not adequately distributed. The first study could therefore not ascertain whether increased awareness or attitudinal and behavioural changes could be ascribed to SoR reporting in the catchments. The majority of respondents (82%) indicated that there was a need for more information on rivers and 60% of the respondents indicated that they would participate in a follow-up survey. Thirty percent of respondents from the Buffalo catchment and 22% of respondents from the Hartenbos and Klein Brak catchment indicated that they use water very sparingly. Respondents from urban areas scored higher in their attitudes towards river conservation and were more aware of water issues than those from rural areas. Both attitudinal and awareness scores did not align with water use behaviour, with rural respondents using water more sparingly. Attitude and awareness improved with increased education levels. Respondents who indicated that they would rather pay more for water than change their water use behaviour showed the lowest score for attitude towards river conservation. Learners from the Buffalo rural area showed a significant increase in understanding the benefits that healthy rivers provide, and this can be ascribed to the distributed SoR activity book and poster. A survey consisting of quantitative and qualitative items, as well as participatory evaluations determined learners’ level of understanding of human impacts on rivers. The quantitative study showed learners from the Hartenbos and Klein Brak area as well as the Buffalo rural area improved the most over time. The qualitative items showed a 35% and 40% increase in the number of correctly listed items as either making a river happy (healthy) or sad (unhealthy) after exposure to SoR materials. Respondents from both catchments taking part in the participatory evaluations displayed an overall increase in their understanding of good practices, as well as the negative impact of human activities on rivers. Those learners that scored low in the participatory evaluations at time 1 showed the most improvement over time, concluding that those learners who knew the least at the start of the study, gained the most understanding of human impacts on rivers. All schools in the Hartenbos and Klein Brak catchment, with the exception of one, showed a slight increase in understanding of human impacts on rivers. Results from the schools in the Buffalo catchment were more variable. Data gathered demonstrated that the SoR materials helped learners to better understand benefits from clean rivers as well as human impact on rivers. Although the learners from urban areas had a better understanding of the concept of river conservation before contact with the SoR materials, learners from the rural areas showed the most improvement over time. There was an increase in the number of learners that showed a willingness to take responsibility for their actions that could impact on river health. Far more learners mentioned remediation types of actions than protection or preventative actions. A change in peoples’ attitudes and behaviour is needed to ensure adequate protection of South Africa’s natural water resources. Imprinting values and perceptions that would last into adulthood need intervention at an early age and throughout children’s’ formative years.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende 2007, twee bewysgebaseerde ondersoeke is in twee wateropvangsgebiede in Suid Afrika gedoen. Die eerste studie was gerig op die bepaling van die verband tussen demografiese kenmerke, algemene bewustheid, menslike impak, houdings en waterverbruik. Die tweede studie het bepaal of die Stand-van-Rivier (SvR) inligtingsmateriaal wat vir grondslagfase leerlinge (graad 1 tot 3) ontwikkel is, bygedra het tot hulle begrip van en houding jeens die bewaring van riviere. Steekproeftrekkings het leerlinge (n=1178) en ouers (n=1144) vanuit verskillende kultuur- en sosioekonomiese agtergronde betrek. Vraelyste was in drie landstale naamlik Engels, Xhosa en Afrikaans beskikbaar. Die SvR kommunikasie material is nie toereikend versprei nie. Die eerste studie kon derhalwe nie bepaal of groter bewustheid of veranderings in houding en gedrag in hierdie opvangsgebiede aan die SvR verslaggewing toegeskryf kon word nie. Die meerderheid respondente (82%) het aangedui dat daar ‘n tekort and rivierinligting is en 60% van die respondente het hulself bereidwillig verklaar om aan ’n opvolgstudie deel te neem. Dertig persent van die respondente uit die Buffels- en 22% uit die Hartenbos- en Klein Brak-opvangsgebiede het aangedui dat hulle water spaarsamig gebruik. Respondente afkomstig van stedelike gebiede het beter rivierbewaringshoudings getoon en was meer bewus van wateraangeleenthede as die van landelike gebiede. Houdings en bewustheids-vlakke het nie ooreengestem met waterverbruik nie – landelike respondente gebruik water meer spaarsamig. Beide houdings en algemene bewustheid het toegeneem met hoër onderwysvlakke. Respondente wat aangedui het dat hulle eerder meer vir water sal betaal as om hulle verbruik te verminder, het die swakste houding jeens die bewaring van riviere getoon. Leerlinge uit die landelike gebiede van die Buffels opvangsgebied het groter begrip getoon vir die voordele wat gesonde riviere inhou, en dit kan toegeskryf word aan die aktiwiteitsboek en SvR plakkaat wat onder hulle versprei is. ‘n Steekproef bestaande uit kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe items, sowel as deelnemende evaluasies is gebruik om leerlinge se vlak van begrip van menslike impak op riviere te bepaal. Die kwantitatiewe studie het aangedui dat die begrip van leerlinge van die Hartenbos en Klein Brak sowel as die van die landelike Buffelsrivieropvangsgebiede oor tyd die meeste toegeneem het. Op die vraag wat riviere gelukkig (gesond) of hartseer (ongesond) maak, het die kwalitatiewe items, na blootstelling van die leerders aan die SvR materiaal, ‘n toename van 35% en 40% in korrekte antwoorde getoon. In die deelnemende evaluasie het respondente van beide opvangsgebiede ‘n toename in begrip van goeie praktyke sowel as die negatiewe impak van menslike aktiwiteite op riviere getoon. Leerlinge wat swak gevaar het in die deelnemende evaluasie gedurende die eerste rondte het die meeste vordering getoon. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat leerlinge wat die minste geweet het aan die begin van die studie, die meeste geleer het oor menslike impak op riviere. Op een na, het alle skole in die Hartenbos- en Klein Brakrivieropvangsgebied ‘n geringe verhoging in begrip van menslike impak op riviere getoon. Resultate van skole uit die Buffelsopvangsgebied het meer gevarieer. Data versamel het gedemonstreer dat die gebruik van die aktiwiteitsboek en plakkate gelei het tot ’n beter begrip by leerders van die voordele van skoon riviere asook van menslike impak op riviere. Alhoewel die leerlinge van stedelike gebiede beter begrip getoon het oor rivierbewaring voor kontak met die SvR material, het die landelike leerlinge die grootste toename in begrip oor die verloop van die studie getoon. Daar was ook ‘n toename in die aantal leerlinge wat bereid was om verantwoordelikheid vir hulle aktiwiteite wat ‘n impak op riviergesondheid kon hê, te aanvaar. Veel meer leerlinge het tydens die tweede fase verwys na herstel eerder as beskermings of voorkomende gedrag. ’n Verandering in mense se houdings en gedrag is noodsaaklik om genoegsame bewaring van Suid Afrika se natuurlike waterhulpbronne te verseker. Waarde sisteme en persepsies wat met volwassewording steeds geldig sal wees, word reeds teen ’n vroeë ouderdom, gedurende kinders se vormingsjare, vasgelê.
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30

Hostmann, Markus. "Decision support for river rehabilitation /." Zürich : ETH, 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16136.

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31

Adeloye, A. J. "Value of river flow data for water resources and water quality assessment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378277.

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32

Lambert, P. "The suspended sediment delivery dynamics of river channels in the Exe basin." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372572.

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33

Amiri-Tokaldany, Ebrahim. "A model of bank erosion and equilibrium bed topography in river bends." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273751.

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34

Barnett, Faires Anthony. "Upper Green River Basin streamflow reconstructions and drought variability." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445046271&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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35

Emme, Kathryn A. "Synchrony in recruitment of fishes in Ohio River tributaries /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594490541&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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36

Hayden, Jesse Thomas. "Indian River Inlet Bridge and Bathymetry Scour Monitoring System." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 163 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885754611&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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37

Follum, Michael Lee. "Upper Green River Basin precipitation reconstructions and drought analysis." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1798481411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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38

Baker, Christopher John. "Aspects of nitrogen dynamics and the functioning of river marginal wetlands." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262493.

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DePue, John E. "Limited geneflow among reintroduced river otter populations in Colorado evidence from DNA collected with a novel method /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445034451&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Skalak, Katherine Joanne. "Fine-grained channel margin deposits in a typical gravel bed river spatial and temporal controls on the distribution, quantity, and residence time and implications for centennial-scale sediment and mercury cycling /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 437 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885693201&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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41

Nicholas, Andrew Paul. "Modelling overbank deposition on floodplains : a case study of the River Culm, Devon." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239297.

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42

Savanhu, G. M. (George Mutangamberi). "Controls on channel form and floodplain character along the Bulstrode River, southern Quebec, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69683.

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The hydraulic dimensions and planform character of a river channel are very much affected by the channel gradient and the calibre of the bed materials. One of the two major objectives of this study is to analyze these effects on selected reaches along the Bulstrode River, near Victoriaville.<br>The second objective is to relate the variations in gradient, sediment calibre and channel geometry to the changes in floodplain character along the river valley.<br>The river is about 85 km long and flows across the Appalachian highlands and foothills in southern Quebec. This study focuses on six alluvial reaches along the river, ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 km in length. The channel gradient ranges from 0.0036 to 0.0001. The decline in gradient is associated with rapid downstream fining from small cobble and gravel-bed in the 'upvalley reaches' to a sand-bedded channel in the 'downvalley' reaches.<br>The discharge remains fairly constant over the river length, averaging about 140 m$ sp3$/sec. Channel depth, particularly the thalweg depth, increases appreciably in the downstream direction. The channel width decreases appreciably in the downstream direction. The channel capacity varies significantly without a clear pattern in the steeper cobble-gravel bed reaches and generally declines in the more hydraulically efficient, gentler and more hydraulically efficient fine gravel-sand bed downstream reaches.<br>This study finds that floodplain characteristics vary with specific stream power and within-channel processes, but not in the same manner as suggested in the Nanson and Croke (1992) model. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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43

Wellman, David I. "Post-flood recovery and distributions of fishes in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3455.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 169 p. : ill., maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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44

Pearlstein, Susanna Lee. "Methods for Measuring Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Water Use on Two Sub-Watersheds in The Western United States as Impacted by The Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda spp.)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594631.

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The Dolores River in Utah and the Virgin River in Nevada are ecosystems under pressure from increased groundwater withdrawal due to growing human populations, climate change and introduced species such as Tamarix spp. (tamarisk). Tamarisk is reputed to take excessive water from its environment. Controlling tamarisk is of concern in the western United States where plants grow quickly in already fragile and diminishing riparian areas. For this reason, biologic control beetles Chrysomelidae: Diorhabda carinulata were released to weaken the tamarisk population, thus reducing its water use. The studies for this dissertation were conducted between 2010 and 2011. We quantified tamarisk water use over multiple cycles of annual defoliation using sap flow measurements, leaf area index (LAI), well data, allometry and satellite imagery from EOS-1 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor. Study objectives for the Virgin River were to measure evapotranspiration (ET) before beetles ever arrived and to examine the effects on tamarisk ET in the year after beetle arrival. This site showed plant ET from sap flow averaged about 4.3 mm m⁻² leaf day⁻¹ in 2010. In 2011, ET from sap flow averaged 6.4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ pre beetle arrival, but dropped to 3-4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ after beetle arrival. Stand level ET measured by MODIS was 2.2 mm d⁻¹ in 2010 and approximately 1.5 mm day⁻¹ when beetle arrival was measured in 2011. Significant visual change was apparent as the trees senesced. Results showed the first year of beetle arrival resulted in reduced ET but did not result in significant water savings. We also compared the reaction of the newly defoliated (in 2011) Virgin River site to the long-term defoliated (since 2007) Dolores River site to explore if all beetle invasions were created equal. This paper views the two sites as fairly extreme examples of tamarisk stand reaction to the beetle. While no mortality was reported at the Dolores River site, the site is much older, less photosynthetically active and covers far less ground when compared to the younger tamarisk monoculture on the Virgin River. Pre-beetle arrival Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were higher on the Virgin River than on the Dolores River. Beetle arrival at each site was captured with Landsat NDVI and a reduced NDVI signal (13% drop in NDVI at Dolores River, 5% drop at Virgin River) was seen after beetle arrival.
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Swindasz, Jaime Alison. "Land-use & Water Quality in the Headwaters of the Alafia River Watershed." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6035.

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The objective of this study is to investigate land-use changes and water quality trends within the headwaters of the Alafia River watershed. Water quality data were obtained from the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPCHC). Eleven water quality parameters selected for analysis included: temperature (˚C), dissolved oxygen (DO), percent saturation of DO, conductivity, pH, total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium, chlorophyll-a (uncorrected), fecal coliforms, and enterococci. ArcMap® & SWFWMD data were used to map EPCHC sampling stations, calculate contributing watershed size, and determine land-use changes over the course of the sampling period; 17 stations were chosen for this study. The annual average for each of the water quality parameters was calculated along with a Mann-Kendall Trend Analysis in order to determine if any of the observed trends were statistically significant. A non-parametric Kendall’s tau-b correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression tests were conducted in SPSS to determine if any statistically significant relationships between water quality data, land-use and basin size exist. The land-use results showed every basin consisted of some percentage of Low Density Residential, Cropland & Pastureland, Reservoirs, and Streams & Lake Swamps. In addition, no basin comprised of more than 20% wetlands and often it appears urbanization was at the sacrifice of agricultural lands, as opposed to wetlands. The trends in water quality showed eight of the 17 basins had at least one statistically significant trend. Analysis of the data used for this study has shown instances where water quality measurements were in violation of state standards. Changes in water quality can be statistically related to changes in land-use and basin size as both the correlation and the regression showed consistent relationships between several LULC types and water quality parameters: increases in Commercial & Services causes increased nutrients (TP and TN); Cropland & Pastureland causes decreased DO and DO% Saturation; increases in Tree Crops causes a decrease in pH; increasing Other Open Lands Rural causes a decrease in temperature; and increases in Shrub & Brushland cause decreases in conductivity and pH. As these relationships are based on the results from both analyses, it would seem that these relationships are the most reliable, and are key results of the study. These key relationships might be areas that future water resource managers may want to focus on in order to more efficiently improve or regulate water quality within headwater streams.
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46

Lu, Xiao Feng. "Simulation of the upper Waimakariri River catchment by observed rain & radar reflectivity." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1161.

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ModClark and Clark’s Unit Hydrograph (Clark’s UH) within HEC-HMS software are distributed and lumped models, respectively. Clark’s UH simulates the transformation and attenuation of excess precipitation, and requires time of concentration (Tc) and Storage Coefficient (R) parameters. ModClark transformation accounts for variations in travel time to catchment outlet from all regions of a catchment, and it additionally requires gridded representation of a catchment and Gridded cell-based input files. Four cases (three from observed rain, and one from radar reflectivity) of three chosen events were specifically chosen and examined for the comparison of simulation results with the same estimated initial parameters apart from different rainfall inputs. The Upper Waimakariri River Catchment was divided into ten subcatchments, and the HEC-HMS basin model parameters were estimated by using the physical/hydrological characteristics. However, ModClark transformation was unavailable because of an output error from converting ASCII to gridded Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS CN) format by the conversion tool – ai2dssgrid.exe. Therefore, Mean Aerial Precipitation (MAP) for each subcatchment was calculated by Thiessen polygon method combined with an overlay analysis for grid-cell-based rainfall estimation from radar with geographic information system (GIS) tools. The automated calibration/optimisation procedure included in HEC-HMS package was applied to the cases which showed a deviation between simulation and observed flows. The purpose is to ‘optimise’ the initial estimates of parameters only in a mathematical-fit manner based on the observed flows from the only discharge gauge at Old Highway Bridge (OHB). The TC values calculated from the five equations vary in a relatively narrow range apart from the one from Bransby-Williams equation. Therefore, the values from all the other four equations were averaged and used as the initial TC input. The simulation results showed that there was a notable difference between observed and simulated hydrographs for some case studies even though TC, R, CN, and lag time were calibrated/optimised separately. Also, radar estimated rainfall and grid-based data storage system (DSS) need more investigations.
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Delgado, Manuel E. (Manuel Eduardo) 1949. "Spicket River Greenway Project, Lawrence, MA : teaching & learning design with the community." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8689.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.<br>"June 2001."<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-70).<br>This research deals with three different issues. The first two, a site and a community, with their own possibilities and constrains, are going to be the protagonists of this adventure. The third one, the architect-planner, trying to play the role of a facilitator in the process, will translate their needs, rules and solutions into a comprehensive plan that should be suitable for the other two. Interpreting the rules of design, as a tool, the architect here would like to perform his role as a medieval alchemist, acting and waiting in expectation, trying not to interfere to allow the process to flow, but aware that transformations also involves oneself. The main source for this research is the teaching-learning experience at the Young Architects Program, with whom the author is going to share the discovery of the site and the envisioning of a better future. His personal goal is to explore the intimate relationship between ideal form, originated in the minds and images of each one of us, compared with the possibilities for realization after the filter of social, political and economic forces. This will be a teaching and learning experience to confront utopia and reality, within a given urban design problem. The experience of the first four months has been recorded in seven chapters and six journals, that in the form of a diary, carry the observations and reflections of the first approach to the case studied, as the result of the everyday contact with the space and the people.<br>by Manuel E. Delgado.<br>S.M.
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48

Sole, Kerry-Ann. "A river runs through it : the restoration of environmental integrity & community upliftment through sustainable dam development - based on the Berg River Dam." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7534.

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Dams capture floodwater in reservoirs and release it during dry periods, sustaining life through droughts. They allow communities to be self-sufficient through irrigation, generate power and provide health and prosperity increasingly in the developing world. Historically, people have believed that water which flows into the sea is “wasted” and therefore must be intercepted for human use. This attitude, enforced by an ever-increasing demand for water by a growing population in a dry country, has largely fuelled the need for river impoundment in South Africa. Given the reality of the country's severe 'water-crisis', it is deemed necessary to collect water in large enough amounts to safe-guard a sufficient supply of water both in dry summer months and years of drought. In line with the country's constitution, access to clean water for drinking, health and sanitation is one of the major world development issues and central to poverty alleviation [58]. Through time, large dams have emerged as one of the most significant and visible tools for the management of water resources. However, construction of this kind has severe impacts. In the persistent goal to achieve a secure water-supply, the conservation of nature and her environs has been neglected in many cases. Furthermore, this conservation is primarily a long-term process, often in direct conflict to the immediate needs of man. The Berg River Dam is currently under construction just outside the town of Franschhoek in the Western Cape. Intended to supply drinking water to thousands, the Berg River Dam represents a promise to plenty. Once completed, this project will constitute one of the largest of its kind in South Africa. Development associated with the Berg River Dam is due to take place. Given the context of the place, the type of development necessary is debatable. Various stakeholders from all walks of life are involved, all determined to seek what the Dam has to offer in terms of 'benefits'. This projects is a journey to discover the true meaning behind dams, their developments and pledged 'benefits', and to determine what is appropriate in this locality.
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Brightmer, Mary Irene. "The spatial pattern of leprosy in the Cross River region of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358948.

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50

Watts, Sarah E. J. "The impact of urban runoff on estuarine pollution, the River Lagan, Belfast." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263580.

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