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Journal articles on the topic 'Amur leopard'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Han, Siyu, Yu Guan, Hailong Dou, Haitao Yang, Meng Yao, Jianping Ge, and Limin Feng. "Comparison of the fecal microbiota of two free-ranging Chinese subspecies of the leopard (Panthera pardus) using high-throughput sequencing." PeerJ 7 (March 28, 2019): e6684. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6684.

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The analysis of gut microbiota using fecal samples provides a non-invasive approach to understand the complex interactions between host species and their intestinal bacterial community. However, information on gut microbiota for wild endangered carnivores is scarce. The goal of this study was to describe the gut microbiota of two leopard subspecies, the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) and North Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Fecal samples from the Amur leopard (n = 8) and North Chinese leopard (n = 13) were collected in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park and Shanxi Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve in China, respectively. The gut microbiota of leopards was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Life Ion S5™ XL platform. A total of 1,413,825 clean reads representing 4,203 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. For Amur leopard samples, Firmicutes (78.4%) was the dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria (9.6%) and Actinobacteria (7.6%). And for the North Chinese leopard, Firmicutes (68.6%), Actinobacteria (11.6%) and Fusobacteria (6.4%) were the most predominant phyla. Clostridiales was the most diverse bacterial order with 37.9% for Amur leopard and 45.7% for North Chinese leopard. Based on the beta-diversity analysis, no significant difference was found in the bacterial community composition between the Amur leopard and North Chinese leopard samples. The current study provides the initial data about the composition and structure of the gut microbiota for wild Amur leopards and North Chinese leopards, and has laid the foundation for further investigations of the health, dietary preferences and physiological regulation of leopards.

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2

Hyun, Jee Yun, Jang Hyuk Cho, Puneet Pandey, Mi-Sook Min, Kyung Seok Kim, and Hang Lee. "Phylogenetic study of extirpated Korean leopard using mitochondrial DNA from an old skin specimen in South Korea." PeerJ 8 (May 12, 2020): e8900. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8900.

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The leopard, Panthera pardus, is a threatened species in its range throughout the world. Although, historically, the Korean Peninsula had a high population density of leopards, they were extirpated from South Korea by 1970, leaving almost no genetic specimens. Traditionally, Korean leopards are classified as Panthera pardus orientalis; however, their classification is based only on locality and morphology. Therefore, there is a need for genetic studies to identify the phylogenetic status of Korean leopards at the subspecies level. Presently, no extant wild specimen is available from South Korea; therefore, we extracted genetic material from the old skin of a leopard captured in Jirisan, South Korea in the 1930s and conducted the first phylogenetic study of the South Korean leopard. A total of 726 bp of mitochondrial DNA, including segments of the NADH5 and control region, were amplified by PCR. A phylogenetic analysis of the fragment, along with sequences of nine leopard subspecies from GenBank revealed that the extinct South Korean leopard belonged to the Asian leopard group and in the same clade as the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). Thus, the leopard that inhabited South Korea in the past was of the same subspecies as the Amur leopard population currently inhabiting the transboundary region of Russia, China, and North Korea. These results emphasize the importance of conserving the endangered wild Amur leopard population (estimated to be about 60–80 individuals) in Russia and China, for future restoration of leopards in the Korean Peninsula.

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3

Denisova, E. V., and N. A. Veselova. "Analysis of the «zoo visitor» effect on the example of the snow leopard Uncia uncia and the Amur leopard Panthera pardus orientalis." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 5 (2021): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202105011.

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The article presents the study results of the Moscow Zoo' visitor effect on the behavior of the snow leopard Uncia uncia and the Amur leopard Panthera pardus orientalis. It was shown that most of the time the animals were inactive or were in a shelter (on the average 86,3%). Stereotypy was typical only for the Amur leopard (19,1%). Animals were more likely to be active in the presence of 0 to 20 people. Most often, animals were in other parts of the aviary; however, stereotypy was manifested mainly in the front zone of the aviary. The Amur leopard shows aggression towards visitors who tried to get its attention and it's reaction to mens was more intense. Snow leopard did not react to visitors.

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4

Naidenko, S. V., J. A. Hernandez-Blanco, E. V. Pavlova, M. N. Erofeeva, P. A. Sorokin, M. N. Litvinov, A. K. Kotlyar, N. S. Sulikhan, and V. V. Rozhnov. "Primary study of seroprevalence to virus pathogens in wild felids of South Primorie, Russia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 8 (August 2018): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0192.

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Seroprevalence to nine different virus pathogens was estimated for Russian big cats (Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica Temminck, 1844) and far-eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis (Schiegel, 1857))) in Southern Primorie, Russia (n = 25), in 2008–2016. Serum samples from smaller cats (Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)) and far-eastern wildcat (leopard cat) (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus (Elliot, 1871))) were also tested for these pathogens (n = 19) during the same period. Felids of Russian Southern Primorie showed seroprevalence to eight out of nine tested pathogens, including highly dangerous feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and canine distemper virus. Antibodies to feline panleukopenia virus were found to be much more widespread in cats (45%) than antibodies to any other virus. They were detected in samples taken from tigers, leopards, and far-eastern wildcats but not lynxes. Antibodies to pseudorabies virus were detected only in Amur tiger (29%), whose main prey is the most common carrier of the virus (wild boar), unlike for the other studied cats’ species.

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5

Bush, Elizabeth. "The Great Leopard Rescue: Saving the Amur Leopards by Sandra Markle." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 70, no. 3 (2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2016.0904.

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6

Ito, Hideyuki, and Miho Inoue-Murayama. "The Tsushima leopard cat exhibits extremely low genetic diversity compared with the Korean Amur leopard cat: Implications for conservation." PeerJ 7 (July 15, 2019): e7297. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7297.

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We examined genetic diversity of the wild Tsushima leopard cat—a regional population of the Amur leopard cat—using microsatellite markers. In addition, we compared genetic diversity of the Tsushima leopard cat with that of the Korean population of Amur leopard cat. Although bias should be considered when applying cross-species amplification, the Tsushima leopard cat showed a lower index of molecular genetic diversity than did the Korean population. These results were consistent with those obtained using other genetic markers, such as mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome sequences. This low genetic diversity of the wild Tsushima leopard cat may be derived from the founding population. Furthermore, our results suggest that the captive populations held in Japanese zoos may show extremely low genetic diversity, leading to difficulties in genetic management of the Tsushima leopard cat. Moreover, the two regional populations were clearly separated using these marker sets. In the present study, we demonstrated that the genetic diversity of the Tsushima leopard cat is extremely low compared with that of the continental regional population. Importantly, the Japanese captive population for ex situ conservation was derived from a founding population with extremely low genetic diversity; hence, we assume that both the captive and wild populations showed extremely low genetic diversities. Our findings emphasize the need to develop carefully considered management strategies for genetic conservation.

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7

Karmanova, T. A., D. D. Volgina, T. V. Antonenko, and A. V. Matsyura. "Experience of using clove oil for olfactory enrichment in Russian Zoos." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_111.

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Successful experiments on olfactory enrichment of clove oil in Russian zoos have been carried out. Olfactory enrichment with clove oil reduced or eliminated stereotypical behavior (pacing) in most Amur tigers, African lions, and some Canadian and Red wolves. The behavior of the Far Eastern leopard and the Snow leopard behavior has not changed significantly under the influence of clove essential oil. Olfactory enrichment of clove essential oil is more successful for young animals.

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8

Qi, Jinzhe, Quanhua Shi, Guiming Wang, Zhilin Li, Quan Sun, Yan Hua, and Guangshun Jiang. "Spatial distribution drivers of Amur leopard density in northeast China." Biological Conservation 191 (November 2015): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.034.

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9

Ito, Hideyuki, Nobuyoshi Nakajima, Manabu Onuma, and Miho Murayama. "Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of the Wild Tsushima Leopard Cat from Genome-Wide Analysis." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081375.

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The Tsushima leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) lives on Tsushima Island in Japan and is a regional population of the Amur leopard cat; it is threatened with extinction. Its genetic management is important because of the small population. We used genotyping by random amplicon sequencing-direct (GRAS-Di) to develop a draft genome and explore single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The SNPs were analyzed using three genotyping methods (mapping de novo, to the Tsushima leopard cat draft genome, and to the domestic cat genome). We examined the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the Tsushima leopard cat. The genome size was approximately 2.435 Gb. The number of SNPs identified was 133–158. The power of these markers was sufficient for individual and parentage identifications. These SNPs can provide useful information about the life of the Tsushima leopard cat and the pairings and for the introduction of founders to conserve genetic diversity with ex situ conservation. We identified that there are no subpopulations of the Tsushima leopard cat. The identifying units will allow for a concentration of efforts for conservation. SNPs can be applied to the analysis of the leopard cat in other regions, making them useful for comparisons among populations and conservation in other small populations.

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10

Douay, Guillaume, Amandine Drut, Thibault Ribas, David Gomis, Mélanie Graille, Karin Lemberger, and Isabelle Bublot. "PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN AN ADULT AMUR LEOPARD (PANTHERA PARDUS ORIENTALIS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44, no. 1 (March 2013): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.200.

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11

Abbasi, Atiya, and Gerhard Braunitzer. "The primary structure of hemoglobin from amur-leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)." Journal of Protein Chemistry 4, no. 1 (February 1985): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01025493.

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12

Wang, Tianming, Limin Feng, Haitao Yang, Boyu Han, Yiheng Zhao, Lin Juan, Xinyue Lü, et al. "A science-based approach to guide Amur leopard recovery in China." Biological Conservation 210 (June 2017): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.03.014.

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13

Kim, Jung A., Hye Sook Jeon, Je Hoon Jeon, Soonok Kim, and Junghwa An. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis Schlegel, 1857)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1553513.

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14

Wenhong, Xiao, Feng Limin, Zhao Xiaodan, Yang Haitao, Dou Hailong, Cheng Yanchao, Mou Pu, Wang Tianming, and Ge Jianping. "Distribution and abundance of Amur tiger, Amur leopard and their un-gulate prey in Hunchun National Nature Reserve, Jilin." Biodiversity Science 22, no. 6 (2014): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2014.14184.

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15

Santos-Rivera, M., L. Johnson-Ulrich, A. Graham, E. Willis, A. J. Kouba, and C. K. Vance. "106 Assessment of fecal near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to detect and monitor the reproductive status of endangered Amur and Snow leopard females." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab106.

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Feces from captive and wild carnivores can yield valuable information about an individuals’ physiological and reproductive status, diet, and ecology. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid, noninvasive, cost-efficient technique widely used in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries that has gained traction in diagnostic and ecological field applications for herbivore species, such as wild deer, antelope, and giant panda. The aim of this study was to test the transferability of NIRS to measuring reproductive status in feces from 2 endangered carnivore species, the Snow (Panthera uncia) and Amur (Panthera pardus orientalis) leopards. Fecal near infrared spectra analysed with multivariate statistics were used to generate prediction models for estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G) and progesterone (P4). In the E1G NIRS model, fecal samples (n=93) were obtained from 5 female leopards (3 Amur, 2 Snow) at 5 different zoo facilities, whereas for the P4 NIRS model fecal samples (n=51) from only 1 pregnant Amur leopard was available. The hormones were extracted with methanol and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (C. Munroe), where the sample range for E1G was 0.20-2.17 μg/g and the range for P4 was 0.06-61.89 μg/g. The near infrared spectra (350-2500nm) were acquired with an ASD FieldSpec®3 portable spectrometer (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK), and the chemometric analysis was realised using the Unscrambler® X v.10.4 (CAMO Software AS, Oslo, Norway). Hormone reference values were log transformed before chemometric analysis to account for the heterogeneity of variance. Spectral pretreatment of standard normal variate was applied to the truncated wavelength range 700-240 0nm in order to remove interference from the visible region (350-700nm) due to individual diets that can confer colour variants that alter spectral signatures. Initial principal component analysis for the E1G and P4 datasets models showed >95% of the variation was explained by 4 factors, with no separation of principal component analysis scores between species or reproductive status. Quantitative prediction models using partial least-squares regression on selected wavelength ranges yielded a coefficient of determination for E1G and P4 of 0.10-0.04 and 0.35-0.19 for calibrations and validations, respectively. These near infrared models require further mathematical processing and consideration of sample variation due to diet complexity in carnivores in order to accurately assess hormone levels and monitor reproductive cycles in these species. This work was supported by USDA-ARS Biophotonics Initiative grant #58-6402-3-018.

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16

Antonenko, T. V., S. V. Pysarev, and A. V. Matsyura. "Cluster analysis in ethological research." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 11, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2021_65.

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Big cats are often on display in zoos around the world. The study of their time budget is the basis of ethological research in captivity. The paper considers the features of the behavior of the subfamily Pantherinae, the daily activity of animals in the summer, methods of keeping, the exposition of enclosures, and relationships with keepers. The studies were conducted in the summer of 2012 and 2013 at the Barnaul Zoo. The total observation time for the animals was 120 hours. The behavior of the African lion (Panthera leo leo – male), the Ussuri tiger (Panthera tigris altaica – female), and the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis – male) has been studied. In the course of the work, the compilation of ethograms, continuous recording, and free observations were used. The clustering method was applied to analyze the patterns of behavior of animals in captivity. Cluster analysis breaks down the behavior of captivities animals into two large blocks. Locomotion in animals should be considered as a separate block. The animal’s growth and development period require a high proportion of physical activity, which is noticeable when observing the Amur tiger. Locomotion occupied 32.8% of the total time budget of this animal. Large cats have never been in a shelter (in wooden structures of the appropriate size). They used the roof of the houses only as a place for rest and observation. The proportion of marking, hunting, eating, exploratory behavior, grooming, and such forms of behavior as freezing, static position, orienting reaction did not differ significantly. Play behavior with elements of hunting and manipulative activity took 5.5% of the Amur tiger’s time budget for the period under review. We associate this primarily with the age of the given animal. Play behavior was observed two times less often in the Far Eastern leopard (2.9%) and African lion (2.6%)..

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17

Park, Yung Chul. "The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Amur leopard cat,Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus." Mitochondrial DNA 22, no. 4 (August 2011): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2011.624607.

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18

Jeong, Dong-Hyuk, Jeong-Ho Kim, and Ki-Jeong Na. "Characterization and cryopreservation of Amur leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) semen collected by urethral catheterization." Theriogenology 119 (October 2018): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.06.004.

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19

HOU, Zhijun, Zhiwei PENG, Yao NING, Dan LIU, Hongliang CHAI, and Guangshun JIANG. "An initial coprological survey of parasitic fauna in the wild Amur leopard ( Panthera pardus orientalis )." Integrative Zoology 15, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12435.

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20

Lewis, John, Alex Tomlinson, Martin Gilbert, Mikhail Alshinetski, Tanya Arzhanova, Mikhail Goncharuk, John Goodrich, et al. "Assessing the health risks of reintroduction: The example of the Amur leopard, Panthera pardus orientalis." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 1177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13449.

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21

Qi, Jinzhe, Marcel Holyoak, Yao Ning, and Guangshun Jiang. "Ecological thresholds and large carnivores conservation: Implications for the Amur tiger and leopard in China." Global Ecology and Conservation 21 (March 2020): e00837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00837.

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22

Rozhnov, V. V., M. D. Chistopolova, V. S. Lukarevskii, J. A. Hernandez-Blanco, S. V. Naidenko, and P. A. Sorokin. "Home range structure and space use of a female Amur leopard, Panthera pardus orientalis (Carnivora, Felidae)." Biology Bulletin 42, no. 9 (December 2015): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359015090095.

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23

Seryodkin, I. V., and O. A. Burkovskiy. "Food Habit Analysis of the Amur Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus in the Russian Far East." Biology Bulletin 46, no. 6 (November 2019): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359019660038.

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24

Luan, Xiaofeng, Li Yang, Mujiao Huang, Rui Zhang, Lv Jiang, Yueheng Ren, Zhe Jiang, and Wei Zhang. "Reconstructing the historical distribution of the Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in Northeast China based on historical records." ZooKeys 592 (May 25, 2016): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.592.6912.

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25

TAJIMA, Hideo, Madoka YOSHIZAWA, Shinichi SASAKI, Fujio YAMAMOTO, Etsuo NARUSHIMA, Yuka OGAWA, Hiromitsu ORIMA, et al. "A trial of semen collection by transrectal electroejaculation method from Amur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 78, no. 6 (2016): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.15-0439.

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26

TAJIMA, Hideo, Madoka YOSHIZAWA, Shinichi SASAKI, Fujio YAMAMOTO, Etsuo NARUSHIMA, Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Takashi FUNAHASHI, et al. "Intrauterine insemination with fresh semen in Amur leopard cat (Pionailurus bengalensis eutilura) during non-breeding season." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 79, no. 1 (2017): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.15-0683.

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27

Williams, Ellen, Anne Carter, Jessica Rendle, and Samantha J. Ward. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Animals in Zoos: A Longitudinal Multi-Species Analysis." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2020010.

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Prolonged and repetitive COVID-19 facility closures have led to an abrupt cessation of visitors within UK and Irish zoos for variable periods since March 2020. This study sought to increase understanding of the impact of closures and reopenings on animal behaviour, thereby broadening understanding of whether zoo animals habituate to visitors. Data were collected from June to August 2020 at two UK facilities on eight species (n = 1 Chinese goral, n = 2 Grevy’s zebra, n = 11 swamp wallaby, n = 2 Rothschild’s giraffe, n = 2 nyala, n = 4 Chapman’s zebra, n = 2 snow leopard and n = 3 Amur leopard). Behaviour change and enclosure use was variable across species but most changes were non-significant. Grevy’s zebra engaged in more comfort behaviour during closure periods than post-closure (p < 0.05). Chinese goral engaged in more environmental interactions during closure periods (p < 0.05). Grevy’s zebra spent longer than would be expected by chance closest to public viewing areas during closure periods (p < 0.008). These results suggest variable impacts of covid-19 closures and reopenings, mirroring human-animal interaction literature. We highlight the potential for some species to take longer to re-habituate to the presence of zoo visitors. As facility closures/reopenings are ongoing, we advocate a longitudinal monitoring approach. Furthermore, we recommend incorporation of physical and physiological measures of welfare where possible, alongside behavioural responses, to enable a holistic approach to answering fundamental questions on whether zoo animals habituate to visitors.

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28

De Witte, Chloë, Nick Vereecke, Sebastiaan Theuns, Claudia De Ruyck, Francis Vercammen, Tim Bouts, Filip Boyen, Hans Nauwynck, and Freddy Haesebrouck. "Presence of Broad-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Zoo Mammals." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040834.

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Broad-spectrum beta-lactamase (BSBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae impose public health threats. With increased popularity of zoos, exotic animals are brought in close proximity of humans, making them important BSBL reservoirs. However, not much is known on the presence of BSBLs in zoos in Western Europe. Fecal carriage of BSBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was investigated in 38 zoo mammals from two Belgian zoos. Presence of bla-genes was investigated using PCR, followed by whole-genome sequencing and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to cluster acquired resistance encoding genes and clonality of BSBL-producing isolates. Thirty-five putatively ceftiofur-resistant isolates were obtained from 52.6% of the zoo mammals. Most isolates were identified as E. coli (25/35), of which 64.0% showed multidrug resistance (MDR). Most frequently detected bla-genes were CTX-M-1 (17/25) and TEM-1 (4/25). Phylogenetic trees confirmed clustering of almost all E. coli isolates obtained from the same animal species. Clustering of five isolates from an Amur tiger, an Amur leopard, and a spectacled bear was observed in Zoo 1, as well as for five isolates from a spotted hyena and an African lion in Zoo 2. This might indicate clonal expansion of an E. coli strain in both zoos. In conclusion, MDR BSBL-producing bacteria were shown to be present in the fecal microbiota of zoo mammals in two zoos in Belgium. Further research is necessary to investigate if these bacteria pose zoonotic and health risks.

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29

Chistopolova, M. D., V. V. Rozhnov, J. A. Hernandez-Blanco, S. V. Naidenko, and P. A. Sorokin. "A New Analytical Approach to the Study of the Spatial Structure of the Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) Population." Russian Journal of Ecology 49, no. 6 (November 2018): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1067413618060061.

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30

Kim, Jeong-Ho, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, and Ki-Jeong Na. "Comparison of anesthetic effects of tiletamine–zolazepam–medetomidine or ketamine–medetomidine in captive Amur leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptailurus)." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 48, no. 3 (May 2021): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2021.01.002.

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31

Sugimoto, Taro, Junco Nagata, Vladimir V. Aramilev, Alexander Belozor, Seigo Higashi, and Dale R. McCullough. "Species and sex identification from faecal samples of sympatric carnivores, Amur leopard and Siberian tiger, in the Russian Far East." Conservation Genetics 7, no. 5 (March 1, 2006): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-005-9071-z.

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32

Podmaskin, Vladimir Viktorovich. "Traditional Conceptions of Tiger and Leopard of the Indigenous Peoples of the Lower Amur Region and Sakhalin as Historical and Ethnographical Source." Manuskript, no. 12 (December 2020): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/mns200549.

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33

Herrick, J. R., C. Ploog, R. Santymire, J. Aaltonen, K. Traylor-Holzer, O. Byers, D. Armstrong, and T. Harris. "104 Teratospermia in tigers: Evidence for declining sperm quality over time." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab104.

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Ejaculate traits in male tigers (Panthera tigris) were studied in the 1980s, but little work has been done on male tigers since then and the reproductive status of the current zoo population is not known. In order to characterise ejaculate traits in male tigers, semen was collected by electroejaculation (90 to 100 stimulations, 3 to 7V), subjected to a standard semen analysis (volume and pH and sperm concentration, motility, and morphology), and cryopreserved. To date, semen has been collected from 24 males (n=16 Amur tigers, Panthera tigris altaica, 10.3±1.1 y; n=7 Sumatran tigers, Panthera tigris sumatrae, 9.4±1.3 y; n=1 Malayan tiger, Panthera tigris jacksoni, 6 y), maintained at 18 USA institutions. Ejaculates (4.7±0.6 mL; pH=8.4±0.1) contained 240.3±54.9×106 spermatozoa, which yielded 357 straws of cryopreserved spermatozoa that were used to establish a Tiger Genome Resource Bank. The majority of the spermatozoa were motile (69.2±4.6%), but the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting normal morphology was very low (18.7±3.3%) and similar between both Amur (20.0±4.8%) and Sumatran (16.3±5.2%) males, with the majority of abnormalities affecting the midpiece (retained cytoplasmic droplets, bent midpieces, or both). Previous studies of male tigers that utilised comparable anaesthesia regimens and collection techniques recovered similar quantities of semen (5 to 10mL), but the proportions of normal spermatozoa in those studies (>65%) were very high (Wildt et al. 1988 Biol. Reprod. 38, 245; Byers et al. 1990 J. Reprod. Fert. 90, 119). Proportions of normal spermatozoa in the current study more closely resemble those reported for the teratospermic (<40% normal spermatozoa) clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa, 18.5% normal spermatozoa, Pukazhenthi et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 1790) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus, 18.4% normal spermatozoa, Crosier et al. 2007 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 19, 370), as well as the South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis, 27% normal spermatozoa). The number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was also decreased in Amur tigers (190.1±67.7×106) compared to Sumatran tigers in the current study (362.9±99.5×106) and earlier studies of other Amur tigers (>500×106). The reasons for this apparent decline in sperm quality are unclear, but reduced proportions of normal spermatozoa have been associated with reduced heterozygosity in small, isolated populations of felids (Florida panthers, South China tigers) or species that have been through a genetic bottleneck (cheetahs). Semen collections and evaluations will continue in order to determine if trends for compromised sperm quality are representative of the current SSP population(s) or an artifact of our reduced sample size. Additional studies investigating possible environmental, genetic, or nutritional influences on sperm morphology are also warranted. This work is supported by grants from Association of Zoo and Aquarium’s Conservation Grants Fund and Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium’s Dr. Holly Reed Conservation Fund.

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Oleynikov, Aleksey Yu, Vladimir V. Popov, and Sergey A. Kolchin. "Documented evidence of habitation for the sika deer, the Amur leopard cat and the striped field mouse in the Bikin National Park (Russia)." Amurian Zoological Journal 12, no. 3 (2020): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2020-12-3-357-363.

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Napier, Julia E., Michael S. Lund, Douglas L. Armstrong, and Denise McAloose. "A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE NORTH AMERICAN AMUR LEOPARD (PANTHERA PARDUS ORIENTALIS) POPULATION IN ZOOLOGIC INSTITUTIONS FROM 1992 TO 2014." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 49, no. 1 (March 2018): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2017-0019r2.1.

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36

Yu, Shuangying, Zhigang Jiang, Hui Zhu, Chunwang Li, Enquan Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, and Carin Harrington. "Effects of odors on behaviors of captive Amur leopards Panthera pardus orientalis." Current Zoology 55, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.1.20.

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Abstract Captive environments often fail to resemble the wild environment in respects of limited space, unchanging habitat, lack of stimulus and contingency. Common animal welfare problems which occur in captive animals include low behavioral diversity, abnormal behavior and excessive inactivity. Environmental enrichment, as an effective strategy to tackle these problems and promote mental health of captive animals, has been recognized as an important principal for captive animal management. Among all the enrichment techniques, olfactory enrichment is a simple and effective method for improving the well-being of the olfactory sensitive felids. Behavioral problems were observed in six Amur leopards Panthera pardus orientalis at Beijing Zoological Garden. These were held in the older type exhibits which have now been rebuilt. These behaviors include stereotypic behavior and excessive inactivity caused by the spatially limited enclosures with low levels of stimuli. To determine the effects of predator, prey, and herb odors as potential enrichment materials for captive leopards, we conducted olfactory enrichment experiments for the leopards and tested the effects of nutmeg Myristica fragrans, feces of roe deer Capreolus capreolus and urine of Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica to test for an increase in behavioral repertoire and activity. Odors provided in this study were also believed to improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals. To standardize the method of presentation the odors were introduced to the enclosures by rubbing or spraying onto a clean towel. Our results show that the selected three odors effectively increased the behavioral diversity. Ten new behavior types were observed in the nutmeg experiment, eight in the feces of roe deer experiment and six in the tiger urine experiment. Among the three odors, cats responded to nutmeg for the longest duration, followed by tiger urine and feces of roe deer. Leopards showed more play behavior in presence of nutmeg while more investigatory behavior in presences of feces of roe deer and tiger urine. Providing novel odors increased the spatial use of the exhibit and the animal’s increased use of the logs, sleeping platforms and bars in the cages. Novel odors also significantly increased the overall activity of the leopards, but the effects were diminished in about three hours.

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MIQUELLE, Dale G., Vyachaslav V. ROZHNOV, Victor ERMOSHIN, Andre A. MURZIN, Igor G. NIKOLAEV, Jose A. HERNANDEZ-BLANCO, and Sergie V. NAIDENKO. "Identifying ecological corridors for Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) and Amur leopards (Panthera pardus orientalis)." Integrative Zoology 10, no. 4 (July 2015): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12146.

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38

Jiang, Guangshun. "New evidence of wild Amur tigers and leopards breeding in China." Oryx 48, no. 3 (June 23, 2014): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000180.

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39

Ieva, Saverio. "Amor di patria e misogallismo nel giovane Leopardi." Italies, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/italies.1592.

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Di Donato, Giulio. "LEOPARDI POLITICO TRA AMOR PATRIO E FRATELLANZA UNIVERSALE." Il Politico 252, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ilpolitico.2020.513.

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Mai come durante le settimane di dolore e preoccupazione legateall’emergenza Coronavirus si sono manifestati così tanti atteggiamentidi fierezza nazionale: un sussulto di orgoglio generato da un concorsodrammatico di circostanze che è diventato quasi un moto spontaneo eliberatorio utile ad esorcizzare le paure e le tensioni accumulate.Il senso di comunità inevitabilmente si rafforza soprattutto neimomenti di smarrimento collettivo, quando si cerca un ‘noi’ che ciprotegga e rassicuri. Va compresa dunque questa forma di patriottismoche nasce dall’angoscia e dal desiderio di non sentirsi soli in frangentitanto difficili.Certo, tutto

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Yang, Haitao, Xiaodan Zhao, Boyu Han, Tianming Wang, Pu Mou, Jianping Ge, and Limin Feng. "Spatiotemporal patterns of Amur leopards in northeast China: Influence of tigers, prey, and humans." Mammalian Biology 92 (September 2018): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2018.03.009.

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Wang, Tianming, Limin Feng, Pu Mou, Jianguo Wu, James L. D. Smith, Wenhong Xiao, Haitao Yang, et al. "Amur tigers and leopards returning to China: direct evidence and a landscape conservation plan." Landscape Ecology 31, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0278-1.

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43

Camilletti, Fabio. "'On pleure les lèvres absentes': 'amor di lontano' tra Leopardi e Baudelaire." Italian Studies 64, no. 1 (March 2009): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174861809x405809.

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Sugimoto, Taro, Vladimir V. Aramilev, Junco Nagata, and Dale R. McCullough. "Winter food habits of sympatric carnivores, Amur tigers and Far Eastern leopards, in the Russian Far East." Mammalian Biology 81, no. 2 (March 2016): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.12.002.

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45

Rozhnov, V. V., P. A. Sorokin, V. S. Lukarevskiy, S. V. Naidenko, J. A. Hernandes-Blanko, and S. V. Lukarevskiy. "Individual identification of Amur leopards (Panthera pardus orientalis) using molecular-genetic methods and the population size estimation." Biology Bulletin 40, no. 2 (March 22, 2013): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106235901302012x.

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Vitkalova, Anna V., Limin Feng, Alexander N. Rybin, Brian D. Gerber, Dale G. Miquelle, Tianming Wang, Haitao Yang, Elena I. Shevtsova, Vladimir V. Aramilev, and Jianping Ge. "Transboundary cooperation improves endangered species monitoring and conservation actions: A case study of the global population of Amur leopards." Conservation Letters 11, no. 5 (June 19, 2018): e12574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12574.

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47

Palomo, María Del Pilar. "Carmen de Burgos, una filóloga “après la lettre” ante el romanticismo." Estudios Románicos 27 (October 19, 2018): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/er/346551.

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En este trabajo se pretende destacar en particular la labor “filológica” de la escritora y periodista Carmen de Burgos, pues no es una filóloga al uso sino “après la lettre”. Coetánea de los grandes representantes de la escuela filológica española tales como Menéndez Pelayo, Bonilla San Martín, Cotarelo o Menéndez Pidal, utilizaría para estudiar, traducir y publicar a Leopardi y a Larra su curiosidad sin límites, su entusiasmo apasionado, su amor a la literatura, empleando todos los recursos de su cultura, autodidacta, pero profunda. Consultaba una numerosa bibliografía, lecturas y epistolarios, aún sin criterio de fijación textual. Consideramos que ésa fue su apasionada intención y, por tanto, que la intención está cumplida.

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Gilmutdinov, Rustam, Guzel Shalamova, and Sergey Domolazov. "Coronaviruses of wild animals in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020301013.

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The review considers wild animal coronaviruses that live in Russia and present certain epidemic and epizootic risks. It is believed that coronaviruses entered the human population from representatives of the wild fauna and bats (the main hosts are natural reservoirs), as well as snakes, pangolins, civets, camels (intermediate hosts) are proposed as candidates. Meanwhile, this list is much wider and the intermediate link may be feline (tigers, leopards, Pallas’s cats, caracals, European wildcat and eurasian lynxs), mustelidae (american minks, ferrets and siberian weasel), rodents (mice and rats), marine mammals (harbour seal, bottlenose dolphin and beluga whale), as well as insectivores, namely hedgehogs (European, Amur and other species). The majority (60-75 %) of viral pathogens enter the human population from animals, of which at least 70% are wild. The influence of the exploitation of wild animals by mankind on the appearance of pandemics has been observed, which in itself provokes the emergence of new viruses in nature. Flora and fauna, adapting to the growing anthropogenic impact, are geographically redistributed.

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Harley, Jessica J., Aisling Power, and John D. Stack. "Investigation of the efficacy of the GnRH agonist deslorelin in mitigating intraspecific aggression in captive male Amur leopards ( Panthera pardus orientalis )." Zoo Biology 38, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21475.

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Lambo, C. A., H. L. Bateman, and W. F. Swanson. "3 APPLICATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC OVIDUCTAL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION FOR CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT OF BRAZILIAN OCELOTS AND AMUR TIGERS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab3.

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The Brazilian ocelot (Leopardus pardalis mitis) and Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) are 2 iconic cat species that are becoming increasingly imperiled in the wild. Although both felids are managed in North American zoos by species survival plans (SSP), their long-term sustainability has proven difficult through captive breeding alone, necessitating the development and application of assisted reproductive techniques. Our recent progress using laparoscopic oviducal artificial insemination (LO-AI) in domestic cats (Conforti et al. 2013 Biol. Reprod. 89, 1–9) suggested that this approach could help improve reproductive management of nondomestic felids. In this study, our objectives were to (1) assess ovarian and endocrine responses to 2 exogenous gonadotropin regimens in ocelots and Amur tigers, and (2) investigate fertility and offspring production following LO-AI with freshly collected and/or frozen–thawed semen in both felid species. Female ocelots (n = 13) and Amur tigers (n = 10), housed at 16 North American zoos and recommended for breeding by the Ocelot and Tiger SSP, were treated with 2 different eCG/porcine LH (pLH) regimens (400 or 600 IU of eCG, 3000 IU of pLH, ocelots; 750 or 1000 IU of eCG, 10 000 IU of pLH, tigers). Ovarian responses were evaluated laparoscopically at 39 to 45 h post-pLH, and ovulatory females were inseminated using low numbers of freshly collected or frozen–thawed spermatozoa (≤5 million motile sperm/oviduct). Serially collected fecal samples from each female were lyophilized, extracted, and assessed via enzyme immunoassay for oestrogen and progesterone metabolite profiles. Most ocelots (11/13, 85%) and tigers (7/10, 70%) ovulated following gonadotropin treatment, with no difference (P > 0.05) between eCG dosages in mean (± s.e.m.) follicle or corpus luteum (CL) number in ocelots (11.5 ± 4.2 follicles, 2.8 ± 1.0 CL, 400 IU of eCG; 9.9 ± 5.2 follicles, 3.1 ± 1.3 CL, 600 IU of eCG) or tigers (9.0 ± 4.6 follicles, 4.0 ± 2.8 CL, 750 IU of eCG; 12.7 ± 4.4 follicles, 6.0 ± 1.7 CL, 1000 IU of eCG). Similarly, peak fecal hormone concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) between regimens, except for slightly greater (P ≤ 0.05) progesterone levels for 10 days post-treatment with the higher eCG dose in tigers. Independent t-tests were used for all statistical calculations. One Brazilian ocelot and 1 Amur tiger conceived following LO-AI with freshly collected semen (10 × 106 motile sperm, ocelot; 0.15 × 106 motile sperm, tiger), with each producing 1 viable offspring after an 83-day and 103-day gestation, respectively. These births represent the second ocelot and first tiger produced by LO-AI. Our findings indicate that high and low eCG dosages may be equivalent and that viable offspring can be produced following LO-AI with relatively low sperm numbers in both species. Further refinement of ovarian synchronization and semen cryopreservation methods may be necessary for LO-AI to be applied routinely for ocelot and tiger conservation efforts. Funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, Riverbanks Zoo & Garden and Minnesota Zoo; with thanks to Ocelot & Tiger SSP, and participating zoos).

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