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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Amur River Valley (China and Russia)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Amur River Valley (China and Russia)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Amur River Valley (China and Russia)"

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Baljin, Danbuerjiafu (Damrinjav), and Baazr A. Bicheev. "Орос болон өрнө дахинд ойрад-халимагийн ардын дууг цуглуулан тэмдэглэж, эмхэтгэж, хэвлүүлсэн тойм (= История записи и публикации народных песен ойрат-калмыков в России и Европе)." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, no. 3 (November 5, 2020): 529–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-3-529-566.

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Introduction. Oirats of China, Mongolia and Kalmyks of Russia live in three different countries — but share common ethnic ancestry. Oirats of China primarily reside in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Hara-Muren (Amur River valley). In Mongolia, Oirats traditionally inhabit western provinces, such as Uvs, Khovd, Bayan-Ölgii, Zavkhan, and Khӧvsgӧl. In Russia, Kalmyks live in the Republic of Kalmykia and Astrakhan Oblast. Some minor Oirat and Kalmyk groups reside in Kyrgyzstan, Europe, and America. Despite being separated by historical eras, state borders and differing cultural-economic conditions, Oirats and Kalmyks still preserve the common vivid tradition of oral poetry largely represented by folk songs. In Russia and Europe, the earliest recordings of Oirat and Kalmyk folk songs were made 260 years ago. Those divide into lingering and short ones: the former serve to celebrate remarkable events, such as rituals, festivities and holidays; the former are usually sung by young people during regular household activities. Goals. The paper seeks to review the history of recording, investigating and publishing Oirat and Kalmyk folk songs. Results. The article analyzes folk songs of Oirats and Kalmyks, setting forth a coherent historical paradigm of theirs in Russia and European countries throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Zhushchikhovskaya, Irina S., and Lyudmila N. Mylnikova. "The Oldest Ceramics of East Asia: Current Research Questions (Materials for the Educational Course “Ceramics as an Archaeological Source”)." Archaeology and Ethnography 19, no. 7 (2020): 10–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-7-10-33.

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Purpose. The article presents a historiographical review of the problems of research of ancient ceramics from archaeological sites of East Asia in the chronological interval from 20,000–18,000 to 9,000 years ago. Results. The subject of discussion is the periodization of monuments with early ceramics, the problems of socio-economic conditions of the emergence of pottery technology, its functional role in ancient societies, reconstruction of technological skills and technical levels of pottery, morphology and decor. There are a lot of controversial issues and “blind spots” in this direction. However, the opening of sites with ancient ceramics in East Asia showed that here, on the Pacific (eastern) outskirts of the Eurasian continent, pottery making technology first appeared about 10,000 years earlier than in the Middle East. The invention of ceramics in this region of the world at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene should be considered as a result of a combination of natural and social factors. The example of East Asia shows that the relationship between the appearance of ceramic vessels and the development of agriculture, as a technology for food production, is universally, not a mandatory factor. Conclusion. The article discusses certain regional differences in the formation of skills in making the most ancient ceramic vessels of East Asia. It is assumed that the development of ceramic technology in the Japanese archipelago and in the mainland areas of East Asia took place independently. For the Amur region, there are two local cultural traditions – Osipovskaya and Gromatukhinskaya. According to materials from Northern China, there is a version of the existence of a common line in the development of ancient ceramics in the Valley of the Nonny River. There are similarities between the early ceramics of Northeast China, and the Gromatukhinskaya and Osipovskaya cultures of Amur. For the ceramics of South Korea also note similarities with the materials of the Russian Far East, Japanese and Chinese dishes.

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Golovneva, L. B. "Morphology and epidermal characters of Ginkgo pilifera Samyl. leaves and distribution of this species in the Late Cretaceous of Northern Asia." Palaeobotany 7 (2016): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/palaeobotany/2016.7.5.

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In the result of investigation of new findings, the variability of leaf shape and epidermal characters of Ginkgo pilifera Samyl. were studied. Geographical and stratigraphic ranges of this species were analyzed on the base of new material and earlier published data. This species was described by Samylina (1967) from the upper part of the Timmerdyakh Formation exposed in the Lena-Vilyui depression in Eastern Siberia. After that many new occurrences of this species were reported. G. pilifera was widely distributed from late Albian to Maastrichtian in Asian part of the Siberian-Canadian paleogeographical region. The earliest occurrence was documented from the late Albian-lower Turonian deposits of the Krivorechenskaya Formation, Grebenka River basin, Northeastern Russia. Approximately in the same time (in the Cenomanian) remains of G. pilifera appeared in the lower part of the Timmerdyakh Formation in the Lena-Vilyui depression. In Western Siberia in the late Albian and Cenomanian other species of Ginkgo were found: G. sertensis N. Nosova et Golovn. and G. chlonoviae N. Nosova et Golovn. were described from the Kiya Formation and G. ragosinii N. Nosova et Golovn. and G. tjukansis Kiritch. were described from the Simonovo Formation. In the Turonian and Coniacian G. pilifera was discovered in the upper part of the Timmerdyakh Formation, in the Valizhgen Formation of Yelistratov peninsula in Penzhina Bay area, in volcanogenic deposits of the Kolyma River basin and in the Derevyannye Gory Formation of New Siberia Island. In the Santonian-Campanian this species was reported from the Arkagala Formation of the Kolyma River basin and from two localities in the Amur River basin: from upper part of the Kundur Formation in Russia and from the Taipinglinchang Formation in China. The last occurrence is the most southern finding of this species. In Maastrichtian G. pilifera penetrated in Western Siberia, that significantly increased its area in western direction. The most variable character in G. pilifera morphology is the leaf shape. Leaves change from entire to deep-dissected into several wide lobes with rounded or truncate apices. Dissected forms occured from late Albian to Coniacian and predominated in the Krivorechenskaya (late Albian-lower Turonian) and the Valizhgen (Turonian-Coniacian) Formations Northeastern Russia.During Santonian-Maastrichtian only entire forms were distributed. The variability of epidermal characters is insignificant. The most variable characters are degree of undulation of the anticlinal cell walls, degree of development of cuticular thickenings and number of stomata on adaxial epidermises and number of trichomes on of abaxial and adaxial epidermises. The specific diagnosis of this species was emended. Remains of G. pilifera occur in allochtonous taphocenosis together with other plants characteristic to riparian habitats. Probably, this species was confined to river valleys and was not connected with swamp environments.Paleoecological implication of great number of papillae and trichomes is steel unclear. Emended diagnosis. Leaves broadly fan-shaped, entire with undulate upper margin with several shallow incisions, or, more rarely, dissected into several wide lobes with rounded or truncate apices. Leaves amphistomatic. Anticlinal cell walls of adaxial epidermis sinuous with amplitude up to 2–3 μm; in costal zones sometimes slightly sinuous or straight. Periclinal walls with cuticular dome-shaped thickenings and rare trichomes. Number and development of cuticular thickenings vary in different areas of leaf lamina and in different leaves. Weak development of thickenings usually correlates with increased number of trichomes. Stomata at abaxial epidermis rare; the papillae of subsidiary cells do not cover the stoma completely. Anticlinal cell walls of abaxial epidermis slightly sinuous or straight. Periclinal walls usually with papillae (12-20 μm long), more rarely, smooth. Trichomes (up to 60–100 μm long) occur rather often. Big trichomes usually consist of 2-3 cells. Stomata at adaxial epidermis orientated irregularly, without formation of regular rows, surrounded by five to seven subsidiary cells. Each subsidiary cell bears a proximal papilla up to 15–25 μm long. These papillae completely cover the stoma.

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СAI, YING. "AMUR RIVER TRANSPORT IN INTERACTION OF THE AMUR REGION (RUSSIA) AND THE HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE (CHINA) IN THE 1990S." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 2 (2021): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-30-48.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the significance of the Amur River transport activity in the 1990s for interregional Russian-Chinese cross-border coopera-tion in the Far East. Using the materials in Chinese as well as archival documents, the author examines the process of border ties resumption between Russia and China in the Far East after the normalization of rela-tions between the countries. The peculiarities of the river fleet functioning on the Amur during the period of socio-economic reforms of the last decade of the 20th century in Russia are studied. The characteristic of the Amur River transport potential is presented. The prob-lems of the Amur River transport in the development of cooperation between the Russian Amur Region and the Chinese province of Heilongjiang in the context of Rus-sian-Chinese relations at the interstate and interregion-al levels are structured.

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Belikov, V. V., I. N. Krylenko, A. M. Alabyan, A. A. Sazonov, and A. V. Glotko. "Two-dimensional hydrodynamic flood modelling for populated valley areas of Russian rivers." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 370 (June 11, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-69-2015.

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Abstract. Results of flood modelling for three cities located in different parts of Russia: (1) Veliky Ustyug at the Northern Dvina river (Europe); (2) Mezhdurechensk at the Tom river (Siberia); and (3) Blagoveschensk at the Amur river (Far East) are presented. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of flow in channels and on floodplain STREAM_2D on the basis of the numerical solution of two-dimensional Saint–Venant equations on a hybrid curvilinear quadrangular and rectangular mesh was used for the simulations. Verification of the model through a comparison of simulated inundated areas with outlines of flooded zones from satellite images for known hydrologic situations demonstrate close correspondence (relative errors of 7–12% in terms of the area for peaks of the analysed floods). Analyses of embankment influence of large-scale levees on the water flow demonstrate that, in some cases, water levels could rise by more than 1 m and the patterns of the flooding zones could significantly differ.

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Andronova, L. A., O. V. Bleikher, I. E. Rogaeva, E. V. Savkovich, and N. V. Trubnikova. "Interdisciplinary Model for Russia and China Transboundary Water Management in the Amur-Heilong River Region." Advanced Science Letters 22, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 1601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.6698.

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KOROVCHINSKY, NIKOLAI M. "A taxonomic revision of Pseudosida szalayi Daday, 1898 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Sididae) over its Asian range, with focus on the northernmost populations first recorded from the Amur River basin (Far East of Russia)." Zootaxa 2345, no. 1 (January 27, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2345.1.1.

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Pseudosida szalayi Daday, 1898 is redescribed on the basis on type material from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and other materials from India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, East and South China, and Far East of Russia (Lower Amur River basin). The investigation of intraand interpopulational morphological variability has allowed coming to the conclusion about the conspecificity of specimens from different regions and occurrence of the only species, P. szalayi, in East and South Asia. The male of the species is described in detail for the first time. The first discovered northernmost localities of the species in the Lower Amur River basin are far separated from others and may have a relict status. While probably, only one species of the genus occurs in East and South Asia, the taxonomic status of African pseudosidas known under the names “P. szalayi” and “P. bidentata” remains uncertain.

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KOROVCHINSKY, NIKOLAI M. "The genus Leptodora Lilljeborg (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera) is not monotypic: description of a new species from the Amur River basin (Far East of Russia)." Zootaxa 2120, no. 1 (May 28, 2009): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2120.1.5.

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New species, Leptodora richardi sp. nov., is described from some large lakes and other water bodies of the Lower Amur River basin. It differs from L. kindtii Focke, the only species known in this genus until now, by a smaller body size and proportions of some body parts, namely a comparatively longer head and shorter abdomen, and by presence of fine setules on the end of anterior distal seta of second segment of thoracic limbs of first pair. Small differences in male features require further elucidation. Among the investigated populations of L. kindtii, one of them from the Volga Delta was analyzed in more detail due to the unusually small size of their adults, comparable with those of L. richardi sp. nov., but had body proportions characteristic of the former species and probably represented its extreme morpho-ecological variation. L. kindtii is widely distributed in Palearctic, while L. richardi sp. nov. seems to be an endemic of East Asia probably distributed from the Lower Amur River in the Far East of Russia to Eastern China and Japan (Honshu Island) in the south.

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Levkova, E., S. Savin, and E. Solodkaya. "Comparative analysis of somatic morbidity of habitants suffering from depressive disorders in the heilongjiang province of china and the Khabarovsk region of Russia." Terapevt (General Physician), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2007-03.

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Actual research revealed definite differences in the condition of somatic health of the population of the transboundary regions of Russia and China in the Amur River region. The conducted interdisciplinary research provides opportunities for a deeper understanding of the causes and mechanisms of develop-ment of mental disabilities against the background of general morbidity. The use of ethnocultural ap-proaches makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation and pre-vention of somatic, mental and behavioural disabilities. A model of the organisation of therapeutic and psychiatric care in transboundary regions is proposed, which will increase the level of social and indi-vidual somatic and mental health.

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SOLOVYEVA, DIANA V., PEIQI LIU, ALEXEY I. ANTONOV, ANDREY A. AVERIN, VLADIMIR V. PRONKEVICH, VALERY P. SHOKHRIN, SERGEY L. VARTANYAN, and PETER A. CRANSWICK. "The population size and breeding range of the Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 4 (February 21, 2014): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000610.

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SummaryBased on surveys during 2000–2012 and best available knowledge, we estimate the global population size of the Endangered Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus to be c.1,940 pairs (or c.4,660 birds prior to reproduction). In Russia, surveys identified the breeding range in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range and the area adjoining the lower Amur River. Particular effort was made to define the edge of the range. Breeding densities in the Sikhote-Alin were applied to un-surveyed rivers within the range to estimate overall numbers. The breeding range comprises c.7,800 km of 120 rivers: 6,800 km in Russia, 600 in China and 400 in DPR Korea. In Russia it comprises 88 rivers of both the western and eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin Range, and two small isolated areas, one in central Khabarovsk and the other in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. All known and potential breeding areas were surveyed in China, where the breeding range comprises the western slope of the Changbai Mountains, and one isolated river system in the Lesser Xingan Mountains. Scaly-sided Mergansers are also assumed to breed on the eastern slope of the Changbai Mountains in DPR Korea. No recent surveys have been made there but numbers were estimated by applying densities from China to rivers with apparently suitable habitat. Detailed examination of past records suggests that an earlier claim of breeding Scaly-sided Mergansers on the Dep River was erroneous and we conclude that the breeding range never extended as far west as has been portrayed in most literature. The lack of comparable surveys previously precludes an assessment of change in population range or size, though it seems inevitable that habitat loss in China is likely to have resulted in some loss of range and numbers, particularly in Heilongjiang Province, in recent decades.

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Books on the topic "Amur River Valley (China and Russia)"

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Pomazkova, N. V. Basseĭn reki Amur v Zabaĭkalʹe v voprosakh i otvetakh. Chita: Otpechatano v OOO "Ėkspress-izdatelʹstvo", 2011.

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Podolʹskiĭ, S. A. Kuda techet Amur? Vladivostok: Vsemirnyĭ fond dikoĭ prirody (WWF), 2006.

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Bassin, Mark. Imperial visions: Nationalist imagination and geographical expansion in the Russian Far East, 1840-1865. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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The flying tiger: Women shamans and storytellers of the Amur. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001.

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Na krai︠u︡ russkoĭ rechi: Statʹi, ret︠s︡enzii, ėsse. Vladivostok: Rubezh, 2007.

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Black Dragon River: A Journey Down the Amur River Between Russia and China. Penguin Books, 2016.

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Black dragon river: A journey down the Amur River at the borderlands of empires. 2015.

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Bassin, Mark. Imperial Visions: Nationalist Imagination and Geographical Expansion in the Russian Far East, 18401865 (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography). Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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Two Arabic Travel Books: Accounts of China and India and Mission to the Volga. New York University Press, 2014.

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I, Gorshkov N., and Tarskiĭ I͡U︡ S, eds. Amurt͡s︡y na zashchite rubezheĭ otechestva: Vospominanii͡a︡ veteranov Krasnoznamennoĭ amurskoĭ flotilii. Moskva: "Orlov i syn", 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Amur River Valley (China and Russia)"

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Dahmer, Thomas D. "Sanjiang Plain and Wetlands Along the Ussuri and Amur Rivers: Amur River Basin (Russia and China)." In The Wetland Book, 1–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6173-5_30-2.

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Dahmer, Thomas D. "Sanjiang Plain and Wetlands Along the Ussuri and Amur Rivers: Amur River Basin (Russia and China)." In The Wetland Book, 1509–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_30.

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Simonov, Eugene, Oleg Goroshko, and Tkachuk Tatiana. "Daurian Steppe Wetlands of the Amur-Heilong River Basin (Russia, China, and Mongolia)." In The Wetland Book, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6173-5_170-4.

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Simonov, Eugene, Oleg Goroshko, and Tatiana Tkachuk. "Daurian Steppe Wetlands of the Amur-Heilong River Basin (Russia, China, and Mongolia)." In The Wetland Book, 1499–508. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_170.

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Stein, Bruce A., and Larry E. Morse. "A Remarkable Array: Species Diversity in the United States." In Precious Heritage. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125191.003.0009.

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The Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana) survives in just a few rocky streambeds along the lower slopes of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Other species of hemlock abound across the United States, but none bear a close resemblance to this particular tree. The closest relatives of the Carolina hemlock, in fact, survive in only one other forest on Earth, some 7,000 miles away in Hubei province of eastern China. The forests of eastern Asia and eastern North America are so similar that if you were suddenly transported from one to the other, you would be hard-pressed to tell them apart. In the swift mountain streams rushing past these seemingly displaced hemlocks live a number of small, colorful fish known as darters. Darters are found only in North America and have evolved into a prolific variety of fishes. Up to 175 species inhabit U.S. waters, including the famous snail darter (Percina tanasi), which brought endangered species issues to the fore when it held up construction of the Tellico Dam on the Little Tennessee River. How is it that these two organisms, hemlock and darter, one with its closest relatives on the other side of the globe and the other found nowhere else in the world, came to be living side by side? Just how many plants and animals share the piece of Earth that we know as the United States of America? Why these and not others? These are central questions for understanding the diversity of the nation’s living resources. The United States encompasses an enormous piece of geography. With more than 3.5 million square miles of land and 12,000 miles of coastline, it is the fourth largest country on Earth, surpassed only by Russia, Canada, and China. The nation spans nearly a third of the globe, extending more than 120 degrees of longitude from eastern Maine to the tip of the Aleutian chain, and 50 degrees in latitude from Point Barrow above the Arctic Circle to the southern tip of Hawaii below the tropic of Cancer. This expanse of terrain includes an exceptional variety of topographic features, from Death Valley at 282 feet below sea level to Mt. McKinley at 20,320 feet above sea level.

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Conference papers on the topic "Amur River Valley (China and Russia)"

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Pogrebenniy, A. O., and S. V. Feoktistov. "INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN ECOTOURISM: USE OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE EXPERIENCE FOR RUSSIAN REGIONS OF AMUR RIVER BASIN." In RUSSIA AND CHINA: A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Amur State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/rc.2019.2.87.

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Fu, Zhongfeng. "Analysis of the Research Status of Solon Tribe Plastic Arts in Heilongjiang River Valley in China and Russia." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-18.2018.143.

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Kovalenko, A. A. "МНОГОЛЕТНЯЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА И КАЧЕСТВА ВОДЫ НА ВСЕМ ПРОТЯЖЕНИИ РЕКИ АМУР." In GEOGRAFICHESKIE I GEOEKOLOGICHESKIE ISSLEDOVANIIA NA DAL`NEM VOSTOKE. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.26.38.003.

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В условиях антропогенного воздействия на окружающую среду и несбалансированного природопользования может происходить снижение самоочищающей способности реки Амур и ухудшение качества воды. Водопользование в бассейне реки осуществляется со стороны трёх государств: России, Монголии и Китая. Основными источниками поступления загрязняющих веществ в Амур с российской стороны являются предприятия деревообрабатывающей промышленности, машиностроение, цветная металлургия, добыча полезных ископаемых, производство электроэнергии. Снижение качества воды происходит также за счет недостаточной степени очистки сточных вод. Трансграничное положение изучаемого водного объекта, разница демографических потенциалов России и Китая и активное техногенное воздействие со стороны сопредельных территорий обусловливает актуальность настоящего исследования, целью которого является оценка многолетней изменчивости химического состава и качества воды на протяжении реки Амур. Исследование проведено на основе многолетних (20002017 гг.) гидрохимических данных Государственной системы наблюдений за состоянием и загрязнением окружающей среды Росгидромета в пунктах наблюдений на р. Амур: с. Черняево, гг. Благовещенск, Хабаровск, КомсомольскнаАмуре и НиколаевскнаАмуре. Рассмотрен химический состав воды на различных участках реки и проведена оценка качества воды по гидрохимическим показателям. Построены графики временной изменчивости значений удельного комбинаторного индекса загрязненности воды (УКИЗВ). Анализ многолетних данных показал, что на всех исследуемых участках реки концентрации хлоридов, сульфатов и нитратов не превышают предельно допустимые концентрации. Выявлены характерные загрязняющие вещества, содержание которых превышает нормативы ПДК более, чем в половине случаев. Это органические вещества, азот аммонийный, соединения железа, меди, цинка, никеля, марганца, фенолы и нефтепродукты. Наблюдается увеличение содержания некоторых загрязняющих веществ вниз по течению реки. В целом качество воды реки Амур на различных участках характеризуется 3м ( загрязненная и очень загрязненная ) и 4м классами качества ( грязная ). В динамике выражена общая положительная тенденция незначительного снижения уровня загрязненности воды.The title of the article is longterm variability of chemical composition and quality of water along the Amur river. As the title implies the article describes the chemical composition of water in different parts of the river and the water quality by hydrochemical parameters. A mention should be made that under the conditions of anthropogenic press on the environment and unbalanced use of natural resources, the ecological potential of the water ecosystem of the Amur River is depleted and the quality of water decreases. The transboundary position of the studied water object, the difference in the demographic potentials of Russia and China determines the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the work is to assess the longterm variability of the chemical composition and water quality along the Amur River. It should be noted that this research is based on longterm (20002017) Hydrochemical information. The state system of observers for the state and environmental pollution of Roshydromet at observation points along the river: c. Chernyaevo, the city of Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, KomsomolskonAmur and NikolaevskonAmur. As a result, the analysis of longterm data showed that the concentrations of chlorides, sulphates and nitrates do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations on all the studied river sections. Identified characteristic pollutants, the content of which exceeds the MPC standards in more than half of the cases. There is an increase in the content of some pollutants downstream of the river. In general, the water quality of the Amur River at different sites is characterized by the 3rd (polluted and very polluted) and 4th quality classes (dirty).

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