Academic literature on the topic 'An-12 (Transport plane)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'An-12 (Transport plane).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "An-12 (Transport plane)"
1
Shemerliuk, Yuliia, Yonghui Zhou, Zhaorong Yang, Gang Cao, Anja U. B. Wolter, Bernd Büchner, and Saicharan Aswartham. "Tuning Magnetic and Transport Properties in Quasi-2D (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 Single Crystals." Electronic Materials 2, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2030020.
Full textAbstract:
We report an optimized chemical vapor transport method to grow single crystals of (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 where x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1. Single crystals up to 4 mm × 3 mm × 200 μm were obtained by this method. As-grown crystals are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The structural characterization shows that all crystals crystallize in monoclinic symmetry with the space group C2/m (No. 12). We have further investigated the magnetic properties of this series of single crystals. The magnetic measurements of the all as-grown single crystals show long-range antiferromagnetic order along all principal crystallographic axes. Overall, the Néel temperature TN is non-monotonous; with increasing Ni2+ doping, the temperature of the antiferromagnetic phase transition first decreases from 80 K for pristine Mn2P2S6 (x = 0) up to x = 0.5 and then increases again to 155 K for pure Ni2P2S6 (x = 1). The magnetic anisotropy switches from out-of-plane to in-plane as a function of composition in (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 series. Transport studies under hydrostatic pressure on the parent compound Mn2P2S6 evidence an insulator-metal transition at an applied critical pressure of ~22 GPa.
2
Kiselev, M. A., S. V. Levitsky, and V. A. Podobedov. "Safe engine-out landing of a passenger plane under the wind conditions." Civil Aviation High Technologies 22, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-5-76-84.
Full textAbstract:
The engine failure, according to the flight safety inspection of the Federal Air Transport Agency, caused 4 of 6 aviation accidents in 2017, including 2 air disasters. In general, from 2001 to 2017, events related to the engine failure became the second most frequent cause of aviation accidents (13% of aviation accidents and 12% of air disasters). The worst consequences are associated with the engine failure at the most difficult and crucial stage of the flight landing. For example, it was the engine failure on the final approach that caused the crash of the L-410UVP-E20 RA-67047 aircraft near the Nelkan airfield on November 15, 2017. The article discusses a limiting situation in some sense – the landing of an aircraft with all failed engines under the wind conditions. The authors have proposed for this situation a methodology of calculating the landing approach of an aircraft under the wind conditions in case of failure of all engines of its power plant to an aerodrome equipped with an outer marker. The key features of such methodology are, firstly, the absence of necessity to link the path to the landmarks in the landing aerodrome area, and, secondly, the simplicity of the synthesis and the implementation of the aircraft control based on the proposed methodology during landing in both manual and director or automatic modes. To calculate the approach using the proposed methodology, the crew only needs to know the following values: the minimum drag airspeed on final approach, the height of the flight over an outer marker before landing and spiral approach leg. The content of the methodology in the article is illustrated by the results of the approach calculation when all of the main engines of the Russian short-medium-range MS-21 aircraft fail under the wind conditions.
3
Adamchuk, V., V. Bulgakov, V. Nadykto, and I. Golovach. "Theory of motion controllability of a wheel machine-tractor aggregate." Agricultural Science and Practice 3, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp3.02.003.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To obtain analytically new dependencies, determining the indicator of motion controllability of a wheel machine-tractor aggregate, taking into consideration external forces, constructive and kinematic parameters of the aggregate while the latter moves in the transport mode. Methods. The methods of tractor and vehicle theories, theoretical mechanics, the theory of dynamic stability, and methods of numeric computer calculations. Results. A new theory of motion controllability of a wheel machine-tractor aggregate during its non-linear mo- tion along the surface of the soil at an angle to the horizontal was elaborated. The analytic expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of aggregate controllability, including force and constructive parameters of a machine-tractor aggregate, affecting this indicator in the longitudinal-vertical plane were made. The ana- lytic expressions were obtained for the transport mode of the aggregate movement. The conditions, in which cross slips of the directive wheels of the tractor with implements in the longitudinal plane were analytically considered for the fi rst time. The analytic expressions for the determination of the required indicator of the controllability of the machine-tractor aggregate in the longitudinal plane, excluding any possibility of a cross slip of the aggregate while turning its directive wheels at a certain angle, were defi ned. Conclusions. Computer calculations demonstrated that during the non-linear movement along the surface of the soil at an angle of 12 ° to the horizontal the wheel machine-tractor aggregate will be controllable only if the wheel turning angles for the tractor with implements do not exceed 9 ° . In case of the working motion of this aggregate along the slope, its controllability is preserved on condition that the turning angle of directive wheels does not exceed 11 ° . It was established that the controllability of the wheel machine-tractor aggregate is determined by the actual λ d and required λ о indicators of controllability, which take into consideration the values of the vertical load on the directive wheels of the power source, the possibility of their turn in the longitudinal plane, and the pull during the deviation from rectilinear motion when it moves along the surface at an angle to the horizontal.
4
Zhu, X. P., Q. Zhang, L. Ding, C. C. Zhang, Yu Isakova, A. Prima, A. Pushkarev, and M. K. Lei. "High-intensity pulsed ion beam focusing by its own space charge." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 4 (December 2018): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034618000514.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study on propagation and focusing of high-intensity pulsed ion beams, produced by a self-magnetically insulated diode of semi-cylindrical geometry at the TEMP-6 accelerator (120 ns, 200–250 kV). We examined the space-charge neutralization of the beam, the energy density in the focus, the divergence of the beam, and its shot-to-shot displacement in the focal plane. It is found that the concentration of low-energy electrons in the beam is 1.3–1.5 times higher than the concentration of ions. We observed additional ion focusing by its own space charge. With an increase in the density of the net negative (electrons and ions) charge of the beam from 3.6 to 9 µC/cm2, the total divergence (the sum of the beam divergence in the vertical and horizontal planes) decreases from 11.4 to 4.5°. It leads to an increase in the energy density in the focus from 4 up to 10–12 J/cm2. To increase the electrons concentration in the beam, a metal grid installed in the ion beam transport region was used.
5
Vreugdenhil, Catherine A., Bishakhdatta Gayen, and Ross W. Griffiths. "Transport by deep convection in basin-scale geostrophic circulation: turbulence-resolving simulations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 865 (February 26, 2019): 681–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.64.
Full textAbstract:
Direct numerical simulations are used to investigate the nature of fully resolved small-scale convection and its role in large-scale circulation in a rotating $f$-plane rectangular basin with imposed surface temperature difference. The large-scale circulation has a horizontal geostrophic component and a deep vertical overturning. This paper focuses on convective circulation with no wind stress, and buoyancy forcing sufficiently strong to ensure turbulent convection within the thermal boundary layer (horizontal Rayleigh numbers $Ra\approx 10^{12}{-}10^{13}$). The dynamics are found to depend on the value of a convective Rossby number, $Ro_{\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T}$, which represents the strength of buoyancy forcing relative to Coriolis forces. Vertical convection shifts from a mean endwall plume under weak rotation ($Ro_{\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T}>10^{-1}$) to ‘open ocean’ chimney convection plus mean vertical plumes at the side boundaries under strong rotation ($Ro_{\unicode[STIX]{x0394}T}<10^{-1}$). The overall heat throughput, horizontal gyre transport and zonally integrated overturning transport are then consistent with scaling predictions for flow constrained by thermal wind balance in the thermal boundary layer coupled to vertical advection–diffusion balance in the boundary layer. For small Rossby numbers relevant to circulation in an ocean basin, vertical heat transport from the surface layer into the deep interior occurs mostly in ‘open ocean’ chimney convection while most vertical mass transport is against the side boundaries. Both heat throughput and the mean circulation (in geostrophic gyres, boundary currents and overturning) are reduced by geostrophic constraints.
6
Apatenkov, S. V., V. A. Sergeev, M. V. Kubyshkina, R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, A. Runov, I. Alexeev, et al. "Multi-spacecraft observation of plasma dipolarization/injection in the inner magnetosphere." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 3 (March 29, 2007): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-801-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Addressing the origin of the energetic particle injections into the inner magnetosphere, we investigate the 23 February 2004 substorm using a favorable constellation of four Cluster (near perigee), LANL and Geotail spacecraft. Both an energy-dispersed and a dispersionless injection were observed by Cluster crossing the plasma sheet horn, which mapped to 9–12 RE in the equatorial plane close to the midnight meridian. Two associated narrow equatorward auroral tongues/streamers propagating from the oval poleward boundary could be discerned in the global images obtained by IMAGE/WIC. As compared to the energy-dispersed event, the dispersionless injection front has important distinctions consequently repeated at 4 spacecraft: a simultaneous increase in electron fluxes at energies ~1..300 keV, ~25 nT increase in BZ and a local increase by a factor 1.5–1.7 in plasma pressure. The injected plasma was primarily of solar wind origin. We evaluated the change in the injected flux tube configuration during the dipolarization by fitting flux increases observed by the PEACE and RAPID instruments, assuming adiabatic heating and the Liouville theorem. Mapping the locations of the injection front detected by the four spacecraft to the equatorial plane, we estimated the injection front thickness to be ~1 RE and the earthward propagation speed to be ~200–400 km/s (at 9–12 RE). Based on observed injection properties, we suggest that it is the underpopulated flux tubes (bubbles with enhanced magnetic field and sharp inner front propagating earthward), which accelerate and transport particles into the strong-field dipolar region.
7
NAKANISHI, T., N. MOTOYAMA, H. MITAMURA, N. TAKESHITA, H. TAKAHASHI, H. EISAKI, S. UCHIDA, and N. MÔRI. "RESISTIVE UPPER CRITICAL FIELD OF SUPERCONDUCTING SPIN-LADDER Sr14-xCaxCu24O41." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 29n31 (December 20, 2000): 3617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200004131.
Full textAbstract:
We report the resistive upper critical field Hc2(T) of the hole-doped two-leg ladder Sr 14-x Ca x Cu 24 O 41(x=12) single crystal, which becomes superconducting with Tc~5 K in a pressure range above ~3.0 GPa . Using a newly developed compact high-pressure cell, the magneto-transport measurements have been performed at temperatures down to ~140 mK under high pressure above 3.5 GPa. It is found that Hc2 (perpendicular to the ladder Cu 2 O 3 plane) increases anomalously as the temperature is decreased having an upward curvature and shows no saturation down to T/T c ~ 0.03. Also, its temperature dependence is found to resemble that of the high-Tc superconducting oxide Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6. This fact suggests that the anomalous behavior of Hc2 has a common origin between the ladders and the two-dimensional high-Tc superconducting oxides.
8
Yaremchuk, M., D. Nechaev, J. Schroter, and E. Fahrbach. "A dynamically consistent analysis of circulation and transports in the southwestern Weddell Sea." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 8 (August 31, 1998): 1024–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1024-7.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. An inverse model is applied for the analysis of hydrographic and current meter data collected on the repeat WOCE section SR4 in the Weddell Sea in 1989–1992. The section crosses the Weddell Sea cyclonic gyre from Kapp Norvegia to the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula. The concepts of geostrophy, conservation of planetary vorticity and hydrostatics are combined with advective balances of active and passive properties to provide a dynamically consistent circulation pattern. Our variational assimilation scheme allows the calculation of three-dimensional velocities in the section plane. Current speeds are small except along the coasts where they reach up to 12 cm/s. We diagnose a gyre transport of 34 Sverdrup which is associated with a poleward heat transport of 28×1012 W corresponding to an average heat flux of 15 Wm–2 in the Weddell Sea south of the transect. This exceeds the estimated local flux on the transect of 2 Wm–2. As the transect is located mostly in the open ocean, we conclude that the shelf areas contribute significantly to the ocean-atmosphere exchange and are consequently key areas for the contribution of the Weddell Sea to global ocean ventilation. Conversion of water masses occuring south of the section transform 6.6±1.1 Sv of the inflowing warm deep water into approximately equal amounts of Weddell Sea deep water and Weddell Sea bottom water. The volume transport of surface water equals in the in- and outflow. This means that almost all newly formed surface water is involved in the deep and bottom water formation. Comparison with the results obtained by pure velocity interpolation combined with a hydrographic data subset indicates major differences in the derived salt transports and the water mass conversion of the surface water. The differences can be explained by deviations in the structure of the upper ocean currents to which shelf areas contribute significantly. Additionally a rigorous variance analysis is performed. When only hydrographic data are used for the inversion both the gyre transport and the poleward heat transport are substantially lower. They amount to less than 40% of our best estimate while the standard deviations of both quantities are 6.5 Sv and 37×1012 W, respectively. With the help of long-term current meter measurements these errors can be reduced to 2 Sv and 8×1012 W. Our result underlines the importance of velocity data or equivalent information that helps to estimate the absolute velocities.Key words. Oceanography: General (Arctic and antarctic oceanography) · Oceanography: Physical (General circulation; Hydrography)
9
Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Valerii Adamchuk, Volodymyr Nadykto, Volodymyr Kyurchev, and Ladislav Nozdrovický. "Theoretical Consideration of The Controllability Indicator of Machine-Tractor Unit Movement." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2017-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper is focused on the issues of controllability of machine-tractor units based on wheel-type tractors during their non-straight driving on the soil surface, which is positioned at an angle to the horizon. There were obtained analytical expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of control λd, including both the power and the design parameters of the machine-tractor unit, which affect the abovementioned indicator in the longitudinal vertical plane. These expressions are obtained for the tractor driving on both road and also driving during field operation. In addition, the paper discusses the conditions under which there may occur the cross-slip of the tractor steering wheels in the transversal horizontal plane. As a result of this review, there were obtained the analytical expressions for determining the required indicator of the controllability λd of machine-tractor unit in the horizontal plane, excluding the possibility of lateral sliding of the unit by turning its steering wheels at a certain angle. These expressions are obtained for the two modes of the machine-tractor unit: for driving during transport on the road and during the operation in the field. The machine-tractor unit based on the wheel-type tractor with rear mounted 3-mouldboard plough was analytically investigated. By means of computer calculations, there was observed the fact that when moving in non-straight direction on the soil surface, inclined to the horizon at an angle of 12°, the machine-tractor unit is controllable only when the angles of the steering wheel of the given tractor do not exceed 9°. During the working movement (ploughing) of the given machine-tractor unit on an inclined field surface, its controllability will be preserved on condition that the angle of the tractor steering wheels does not exceed 11°. According to obtained results, it can be stated that the controllability of the machine-tractor unit is determined by the indicator of controllability, taking into account the value of the vertical load acting on the tractor steering wheels, the possibility of their turning in the horizontal plane, as well as the withdrawal of the machine-tractor unit from rectilinear motion and its movement on the field surface, inclined at an angle to the horizon.
10
Matsuuchi, L., KM Buckley, AW Lowe, and RB Kelly. "Targeting of secretory vesicles to cytoplasmic domains in AtT-20 and PC-12 cells." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.2.239.
Full textAbstract:
Organelles are not uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm but have preferred locations that vary between tissues and during development. To investigate organelle targeting to cytoplasmic domains we have taken advantage of the mouse pituitary cell line, AtT-20, which, when induced to extend long processes, accumulates dense core secretory granules at the tips of the processes. During mitosis, these secretory granules accumulate along the plane of division. Protein synthesis is not mandatory for such redistribution of secretory granules. To explore the specificity of the redistribution we have used transfected AtT-20 cells that express the immunoglobulin kappa light chain. While the endogenous hormone ACTH is found in secretory granules, the kappa chain is a marker for organelles involved in constitutive secretion. By immunofluorescence, kappa also accumulates at the tips of growing processes, and along the midline of dividing cells, suggesting that the redistribution of vesicles is not specific for dense-core secretory granules. Since there is evidence for selective organelle transport along processes in neuronal cells, the rat pheochromocytoma cell PC-12 was transfected with DNA encoding markers for regulated and constitutive secretory vesicles. Again regulated and constitutive vesicles co-distribute, even in cells grown in the presence of nerve growth factor. We suggest that at least in the cells studied here, cytoskeletal elements normally carry exocytotic organelles to the surface; when the cytoskeletal elements coalesce in an extending process, exocytotic organelles of both the constitutive and regulated pathway are transported nonselectively to the tips of the cytoskeletal elements where they accumulate.
Books on the topic "An-12 (Transport plane)"
1
But︠s︡kiĭ, Evgeniĭ. Transportnyĭ samolet Antonov An-12: Pami︠a︡ti ėkipazheĭ, pogibshikh na samoletakh An-10 i An-12 posvi︠a︡shchaetsi︠a︡. Kazanʹ: Vertikalʹ, 2004.
Find full text
2
Markovskiĭ, Viktor. Krylʹi︠a︡ VDV SSSR: Voenno-transportnyĭ samolet AN-12. Moskva: "ĖKSMO", 2014.
Find full text
4
Komissarov, Dmitriy, and Yefim Gordon. Antonov An-12 the Soviet Hercules (Red Star). Midland Publishing, 2007.
Find full text
5
Gordon, Yefim. Antonov's Turboprop Twins: AN-24/-26/-30/-32: Red Star Volume 12 (Red Star). Midland, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "An-12 (Transport plane)"
1
"The Geometry of the Structure of Nucleic Acids With Regard to the Higher Dimension of the Components." In Attractors and Higher Dimensions in Population and Molecular Biology, 203–18. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9651-6.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
Using three-dimensional visualization of nucleic acid molecules, obtained in the previous chapter, an analysis of the geometry of nucleic acid molecules in the space of higher dimension is carried out. It is shown that phosphoric acid residues and five-carbon sugar molecules in a double-stranded nucleic acid form polytopes of higher dimension with anti-parallel edges. These polytopes are of type n-cross-polytope (n = 5 for phosphoric acid residues, n = 13 for sugar molecules). It was found that these n-cross-polytopes located in right- and left-twisted spirals are enantiomorphic. It has been found that in cross-polytopes constructed of two sugar molecules there are 12 coordinate planes, each of which may contain a bond of nitrogenous bases (one of the 12 known ones). The formation of codons (triplets) corresponds to the separation in space of the highest dimension of nucleic acids of three-dimensional regions. This also occurs in the ribosomes upon contact with transport and adapter RNA during protein synthesis.
2
Welker, Jeffrey M., and William D. Bowman. "Environmental Change and Future Directions in Alpine Research." In Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117288.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
Alpine tundra is an important indicator system of environmental change (Grabherr et al. 1996; Beniston and Fox 1996). This ecosystem occurs at all latitudes, with its lower altitudinal limit at timberline inversely related to latitude (Woodward 1993). Thus, the global distribution of alpine tundra and the fact that this system exists near the limits of vascular plant tolerance to temperature, moisture, and growing season duration makes it an excellent system for monitoring environmental change across the globe (e.g., Körner and Larcher 1988). In addition, the functional integrity of this system is critical to lower elevation ecosystems because substantial amounts of water and elements are intercepted by the alpine, filtered, and transported to lower elevations (Williams et al. 1996; chapter 4). Alpine tundra has been spared most of the large-scale disturbances associated with human development and resource extraction that have occurred in lower altitudinal ecosystems. This is probably due to its climatic severity and lack of renewable resources that can be exploited (e.g., trees, fast-growing forage for grazing). Some high-altitude sites have been impacted by recreational development (e.g., ski areas, trails, roads), mining, and grazing. In addition, changes in native herbivore populations, particularly elk and deer, due to extirpation of predators by humans (chapter 12), may have significantly influenced tundra vegetation (chapter 14). However, the indirect effects of human activities associated with the burning of fossil fuels are of greater current and future concern as the dominant anthropogenic influences on alpine tundra ecosystems. At a global scale, climate change is of concern for all ecosystems, whereas at a more-regional scale, there is concern for the impact of N and acid deposition near centers of industrial and urban growth (Galloway et al. 1995). Niwot Ridge, and possibly much of the Colorado Front Range, has experienced significant increases in the rate of N deposition (Sievering et al. 1996; chapter 3) and precipitation (Fig. 16.1; chapter 2) in the past several decades. Local sources of NOX compounds that potentially contribute to the elevated rates of N deposition in the Front Range include power plants in western Colorado and automobile and industrial emissions in the urban corridor at the base of the mountains (Fort Collins-Boulder-Denver-Colorado Springs megalopolis), which is home to around four million people.
Conference papers on the topic "An-12 (Transport plane)"
1
Sellan, Daniel P., Joseph E. Turney, Eric S. Landry, Alan J. H. McGaughey, and Cristina H. Amon. "Phonon Transport in Thin Films: A Lattice Dynamics/Boltzmann Transport Equation Study." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22623.
Full textAbstract:
The cross-plane and in-plane phonon thermal conductivities of Stillinger-Weber (SW) silicon thin films are predicted using the Boltzmann transport equation under the relaxation time approximation. We model the thin films using bulk phonon properties obtained from harmonic and anharmonic lattice dynamics calculations. The cross-plane and in-plane thermal conductivities are reduced from the corresponding bulk value. This reduction is more severe for the cross-plane direction than for the in-plane direction. For the in-plane direction, we find that the predicted reduction in thermal conductivity gives a good lower bound to available experimental results. Including the effects of boundary scattering using the Matthiessen rule, which assumes that scattering mechanisms are independent, yields thermal conductivity predictions that are at most 12% lower than our more accurate results. Neglecting optical phonon modes, while valid for bulk systems, introduces 22.5% error when modeling thin films. Using phonon properties along the [001] direction (i.e., the isotropic approximation) yields bulk predictions that are 15% lower than that when all of the phonon modes are considered. For thin films, this deviation increases to 25%. Our results show that a single bulk phonon mean free path is an inadequate metric for predicting the thermal conductivity reduction in thin films.
2
Borchardt, Ralf. "Transport of the Reactor Pressure Vessels in the Greifswald Nuclear Power Plant." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16012.
Full textAbstract:
Five WWER-440 reactors are being dismantled on the Greifswald Nuclear Power Plant (KGR) site. The strategy for the dismantling of the reactor units 1 to 4 (operation time 12–17 years) was to cut and pack the components remotely. For this purpose dry and wet cutting areas were installed. The remote cutting and packing of the reactor pressure vessel and its internals was successfully tested with non-activated original reactor components of units 7 and 8 from October 1999 until July 2003. From August 2004 until July 2007 the internals from reactor units 1 and 2 were cut, packed and transported to the on-site Interim Store North (ISN). For the reactor 5 it was planned to transport the RPV in one piece and the reactor internals in shielding and transport containers to the interim store for decay storage. In December 2003 the RPV of unit 5 was lifted and transported to the interim store. From April 2006 up to July 2006 the reactor internals of unit 5 were packed and transported to the interim store. After the evaluation of the experience made during the transport and the radiological measurements and samplings taken from the RPV unit 1, the strategy for the dismantling of the reactors was changed. The reactor pressure vessels of the units 1 to 4 and the reactor internals of the units 3 and 4 should be removed as complete parts and stored as shielded large components in the ISN. In summer 2005 EWN applied for the new strategy at the responsible licensing authority and in August 2007 this license was granted. In November 2007 the reactor pressure vessels of the units 1 and 2 were transported into the ISN. The transport of the reactor pressure vessels and the internals from units 3 and 4 is planned in the period from March till September 2009. These transports of the reactor pressure vessels and internals show that the dismantling of the reactors with dismantling and interim storage of large components could not only be an alternative for cutting but could also be favored from the economical and radiological point of view.
3
Chrigui, M., A. Sadiki, J. Gounder, and A. Masri. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Polydispersed Acetone Spray Dispersion and Evaporation in Turbulent Flow." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46301.
Full textAbstract:
Characteristics of acetone spray in a turbulent flow were numerically predicted and compared to experimental measurements. The focus was on the effect of polydispersity on the dispersion and evaporation of a relatively volatile fuel that featured a wide range of Stokes numbers in a turbulent two phase flow. Droplets were generated using an ultrasonic atomizer. It produced a relatively uniform velocity distribution with a moderate carrier to fuel velocities ratio. The simulations were performed in the framework of Reynolds Averaging Navier Stokes equations along with the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach where 12 different classes of the dispersed phase were tracked. Droplets differed in diameter, mean and rms velocities, and numbers density. The transport equations of the carrier phase were formulated in an Eulerian reference frame that included terms which accounted for the exchange of mass, momentum, energy and turbulence quantities with the spray, i.e. fully two way coupling. The phase transition was modeled by the Langmuir-Knudsen law that accounted for non equilibrium effects based on a consistent determination of the molar mass fraction on the droplet surfaces. Effects of turbulence modulation on the vaporization processes were resolved by a thermodynamically consistent model that determined the turbulence intensity at the droplet location, which affected the vapor concentration gradient near the droplet surfaces. For the droplet diffusion, the Markov sequence model was improved by adding a correction drift term to the fluid fluctuation velocity at the parcel position along the droplet trajectory. This correction term aimed at accounting for the non-homogeneity effects in the turbulent flow. The different sub-models for the prediction of multiphase flow characteristics were applied to a 3D configuration that consisted of a spray nozzle mounted in a 4 m/s coflowing air stream. A number of carrier phase jet velocities were used, thus denoting a variation of the fuel to air mass loading. Radial profiles of the axial and radial velocities and its corresponding rms fluctuations of the acetone spray were predicted and compared to the experimental measurements. Spray mass flux, which determined the degree of evaporation, was plotted at different axial location from the nozzle exit plane. The study aimed at assessing the combination of different models applied to a mono-component spray for the prediction of two-phase flow and at investigating what should be improved for the case of real fuel (eg. Kerosene) for industrial configurations.
4
Chen, Long-Jeng, and Ming-San Lee. "A Stack Design for Portable Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Based on the Newly Developed Heterogeneous Composite Bipolar Plate." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2458.
Full textAbstract:
There are several problems associated with the marketing of portable direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The most critical one is how to supply fuel to all cells without supplementary devices. It requires a serial connection of 12, 24 and 48 cells to acquire enough voltage to operate a cellular phone, a digital video camera and a personal computer, respectively. How can methanol be supplied to all these cells if the conventional stacking method is adopted? Supplementary devices such as pumps, fans, and complex piping system must be used and, as a result, the word “portable” no longer applies. New stacking approach must be developed before portable DMFC can be put onto the market. The idea behind the promising “banded” type stack is simple. Problems only come when one tries to implement it. What is the actual device that can collect and transport those electrons between electrodes with minimum electrical resistance and, yet, be able to survive in the acidic environment inside the cell and, more importantly, not to harm the membrane electrode assembly (MEA)? Currently, there is none with reasonable cost. The new heterogeneous composite bipolar plate developed in our laboratory is composed of rows of carbon fiber bunches and plastic main plate body. The carbon fiber bunches are perpendicular to and penetrate through the main plate body. Besides being light, better performance, and low cost, the new plate has a unique property. Since the main plate is an insulator, the rows of fiber bunches may be arranged to be electrically independent with each other. When MEA is made into banded structure and with each band corresponding to one row of fiber bunch on the plate, all bands will function as different cells and higher voltage may be acquired in a smaller volume. Thus, just two bipolar plates (“unipolar” should be called in this case) with one “banded” MEA in between can form a very simple multi-cell stack. The serial connection may be done outside the cell and, therefore, low cost metal such as copper, which has great electrical conductibility but is harmful to MEA, may be used to transport the electrons which are conveyed outside the cell through carbon fiber bunches in the first place. The fact that it has only one anode chamber and one cathode chamber eliminates the difficult problem of distributing fuel sufficiently to all cells without supplementary devices. As a matter of fact, the anode chamber may be used as a methanol storage tank to further reduce the volume. The structure of the new stack design presented in this paper is simple, durable and low cost. It holds the key to the success in marketing the portable DMFC.
5
Goudy, Clay, and Alex Gutiérrez. "Breathing New Life to Aging Pipeline Infrastructure Using Unique Wireline Inspection Techniques and Pipe-Lining Technology." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78594.
Full textAbstract:
Mexico’s Energy Reform has opened up various interesting and unique opportunities for energy infrastructure. A CO2 pipeline project that was recently completed in southern Mexico provides a perfect example of how to breathe new life to deteriorated pipeline infrastructure — infrastructure that would have typically been written off. By coupling a unique pipeline inspection method with a novel lining system, two 28-kilometer (17 mile) pipelines were rehabilitated in record time and in a cost-effective manner. The project consisted of two 12 and 18-inch (300 and 450 millimeters) CO2 transport pipelines that had been out of service for 22 years and that are a central component for a high-profile fertilizer project. Replacing these deteriorated assets with a new transport pipeline was not an option due to time, environmental, permitting and budgetary constraints. The rehabilitated system had to offer a minimum 25-year service life required by the owner. To put this aging infrastructure back into service, it was essential to assess the condition of the pipelines with a high level of accuracy and precision which would allow for the rehabilitation of the pipeline and installation of an interactive liner to extend the system’s serviceable life for a minimum of 25 years. The challenge, however, was that these pipelines were non-piggable by traditional methods. By using a tethered MFL and Caliper ILI solution, the pipelines were each inspected in 13 separate sections with the level of detail necessary to assess the condition and suitability of the rehabilitation strategy selected for the project. Fast-track scheduling constraints required 24-hour data analysis turnaround of reports identifying and discriminating areas of modest and significant corrosion as well as deformations including areas of significant weld slag which could complicate the installation of the liners. Once high-quality data was available, pinpoint repairs were possible with a combination of carbon fiber reinforcement and steel pipe replacement. Afterwards, the pipelines were internally lined with a patented process that effectively provides a double containment system. A grooved liner and the host steel pipe create an annular space that is pressurized with air and remotely monitored. The system is able to detect even a small pressure drop in the annulus that would occur in case the integrity is breached, or a pinhole develops in the steel pipe. With the grooved liner, external repairs can be conducted while the line continues to operate without interrupting CO2 service to the plant. By applying these novel solutions, the rehabilitated pipelines will transport carbon dioxide to a revitalized fertilizer plant in a safe and efficient manner for the next 25 years.
6
Tung, Yu-Hsin, Richard W. Johnson, Yuh-Ming Ferng, and Ching-Chang Chieng. "Effects of Bypass Flow on the LOFA Transient Computations in a VHTR." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16768.
Full textAbstract:
The prismatic gas-cooled very high temperature reactor (VHTR) is one possible option for the generation IV nuclear power plant. The prismatic VHTR basically involves stacks of hexagonal graphite blocks that are drilled to accept cylindrical fuel compacts and provide coolant channels for the helium coolant. Between the hexagonal blocks, there are gaps, which allow the coolant flow to bypass the coolant channels. The gaps are not intentionally designed to occur in the core, but are present because of tolerances in machining the blocks, imperfect installation and expansion and shrinkage from heating and irradiation. Based on previous studies of a loss of flow accident (LOFA), the cooling provided by flow in the bypass gaps has a significant effect on the nature and strength of the attendant natural circulation. One of the mechanisms that occurs after a LOFA for the transport of heat out of the core is by the natural convection of the coolant. It is of interest to know if there are problems for the core associated with the natural circulation and what is the role played by the bypass flow in such an event. The distribution of heat generation and the separation of the partial columns included in the CFD model of the heated core have a strong effect on the natural circulation. In the present paper, a 1/12 symmetric section of the active core is considered for the CFD model. Two regions of the 1/12 section are employed to perform the LOFA transient calculations. Several scenarios are investigated including with and without the bypass gap in the model. The present study also reports the effects of bypass flow on the natural circulation with time for these cases.
7
Vratny, Patrick C., Sascha Kaiser, Arne Seitz, and Stefan Donnerhack. "Performance Investigation of Cycle-Integrated Parallel Hybrid Turboshafts." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57539.
Full textAbstract:
Motivated by the long term target settings for research and innovation in Europe and in North America, initial investigations of parallel hybrid electric power plant systems have indicated significant fuel reduction potentials for short range air transport. While an electric motor assists the gas turbine in suppling mechanical power to the gas turbine within the classical parallel hybrid topology, in the present paper, a more sophisticated variant, namely the Cycle-Integrated Parallel Hybrid (CIPH) is considered. More specifically, the design and performance implications of a CIPH power plant architecture are investigated with regard to an advanced turboshaft (TS) engine application for helicopters. For this purpose, an array of compressor stages of the baseline TS power plant are decoupled from the turbine section, and are driven mechanically independently by means of electric motors. The baseline power plant of the investigated concept is derived for a 12-ton-helicopter accommodating 19 passengers on a 450nm mission. It consists of an axi-centrifugal compressor powered by the high pressure turbine as well as a free low pressure (power) turbine delivering a maximum shaft power of 3300 kW. For the presented CIPH concept, the axial compressor section is electrified with the help of linear electric motors mounted at the blade tips. Due to typical design characteristics of electric motors, counter rotating stages are considered most appropriate for the targeted TS power plant application. The electric motor power supply is realized through a Power Management And Distribution system featuring proper levels of redundancy. For the electrical energy storage, advanced battery technology is taken into account. Hybrid electric Energy and Propulsion Systems (EPS) can be characterized meaningfully by the degree of power hybridization, HP, being defined as the ratio of the installed electric power to the total power. For the presented CIPH application, a best and balanced HP of 19.7% has been identified. In typical part load operation, this may lead to relative Power Specific Fuel Consumption (PSFC) improvements of up to 45% and overall efficiency has been almost doubled compared to the TS reference. With the implementation of electric power within the cycle, additional degrees of freedom for power plant operation and control can be established. At vehicular level, a retrofitted version of the reference helicopter equipped with the CIPH TS propulsion system faces more than 50% reduced range, but simultaneously reduces total energy consumption (fuel plus electrical) by 28% and CO2 by 42% compared to the reference vehicle at identical reduced range.
8
Vlahostergios, Zinon, and Kyros Yakinthos. "Modeling Separation-Induced Transition Using a Non-Linear Three Equation Turbulence Model and a Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23331.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an effort to model separation-induced transition on a flat plate with a semi-circular leading edge, by using two advanced turbulence models, the three equation non-linear model k-ε-A2 of Craft et al. [16] and the Reynolds-stress model of Craft [13]. The mechanism of the transition is governed by the different inlet velocity and turbulence intensity conditions, which lead to different recirculation bubbles and different transition onset points for each case. The use of advanced turbulence models in predicting the development of transitional flows has shown, in past studies, good perspectives. The k-ε-A2 model uses an additional transport equation for the A2 Reynolds stress invariant and it is an improvement of Craft et al. [12] non-linear eddy viscosity model. The use of the third transport equation gives improved results in the prediction of the longitudinal Reynolds stress distributions and especially, in flows where transitional phenomena may occur. Although this model is a pure eddy-viscosity model, it borrows many aspects from the more complex Reynolds-stress models. On the other hand, the use of an advanced Reynolds-stress turbulence model, such as the one of Craft [13], can predict many complex flows and there are indications that it can be applied to transitional flows also, since the crucial terms of Reynolds stress generation are computed exactly and normal stress anisotropy is resolved. The model of Craft [13], overcomes the drawbacks of the common used Reynolds-stress models regarding the computation of wall-normal distances and vectors in order to account for wall proximity effects. Instead of these quantities, it employs “normalized turbulence lengthscale gradients” which give the ability to identify the presence of strong inhomogeneity in a flow development, in an easier way. The final results of both turbulence models showed acceptable agreement with the experimental data. In this work it is shown that there is a good potential to model separation-induced transitional flows, with advanced turbulence modeling without any additional use of ad-hoc modifications or additional equations, based on various transition models.
9
Brown, B., C. Clausard, A. Wilde, J. Healy, and A. C. Russell. "Implementation of an Integrity Management Strategy to Optimize Future Inspection, Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64265.
Full textAbstract:
A Canadian pipeline company operates a 12 inch, nominal wall thickness 5.08mm and 25 km long partially buried insulated pipeline that transports hot liquid oil from an oil refinery, supplying product to a customer in Canada. In addition to the economic importance, this pipeline crosses a city intersecting several high consequence areas (HCA’s). Therefore ensuring the public safety and reliability of the pipeline is critical. One of the primary threats to the integrity of the system is external corrosion associated with areas of damage to the yellow jacket external coating. In buried sections this is due to a combination of water ingress in the damaged coating and CP shielding in these localized areas. The above ground sections are at a higher risk since they are open to the environment and any water ingress can be replenished. This corrosion mechanism can lead to potentially high corrosion rates. Such localized damage is difficult or impossible to detect in above-ground surveys. In addition to routine above-ground surveys and site examinations, high resolution in-line inspection is a key component of the pipeline operator’s overall integrity management strategy. It is conducted at appropriate frequencies to confirm the condition of the pipeline and to optimize maintenance plans to ensure the future safe, reliable and cost effective operation of the pipeline. To date three in-line inspections have been conducted on this pipeline. This paper presents an innovative technique for conducting a detailed corrosion growth comparison of the three inspection data sets and demonstrates the practical use of this methodology to optimize the future integrity management strategy.
10
Olden, V., R. Aune, G. Ro̸rvik, and O. M. Akselsen. "Hydrogen Pick Up and Diffusion in TIG Welding of Supermartensitic 13% Cr Stainless Steel With Superduplex Wire." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67530.
Full textAbstract:
Supermartensitic 13% Cr stainless steels have been in use in offshore satellite flowlines for several years. Since they contain microstructure that is susceptible to hydrogen cracking, the pick up of hydrogen in welding with subsequent transport to critical areas may be very important, also with respect to hydrogen embrittlement when hydrogen is coming from other sources than welding (e.g., cathodic protection). In the present investigation the pick up of hydrogen has been assessed using mechanized TIG welding with superduplex 25% Cr wire. The WM and HAZ hydrogen levels were analyzed. With addition of hydrogen in the shielding gas in multipass welding, the mean WM hydrogen contents were found to be approximately 10 and 6 ppm in the cap layer and root pass, respectively. The corresponding mean HAZ concentration was 3.1 ppm (scatter between 1.3 and 4.8) immediately after welding. Post weld hydrogen diffusion heat treatment showed that hydrogen diffusion was retarded at room temperature, even for 1 month storage. Limited diffusion took place at 90°C, particularly for the cap region. The results indicate that superduplex weld metal with high hydrogen content (6–10ppm) will act as a hydrogen reservoir supplying H to the 13% Cr HAZ as long as 2–3 years after welding. Fitting the data by using the uniaxial diffusion model gave diffusion coefficients in the range of ∼3–5×10−13m2/s at room temperature for the superduplex WM. At 90°C a diffusivity of 5.5×10−12 m2/s for the cap area and 2.5×10−11 m2/s for the root area were found. For a holding temperature of 150°C, diffusion from the WM was much more significant. The hydrogen WM cap content was reduced from an initial level of 10 ppm down to 2 ppm within 3 months giving a diffusion coefficient of 1.0×10−11 m2/s. The supermartensitic HAZ samples contained up to 5 ppm hydrogen a short time after welding. This is an important observation, since it may provide sufficient amount of hydrogen in the HAZ to cause cold cracking in the as welded condition. The uniaxial model indicated diffusivities of D = 8.0×10−11 m2/s at 20°C and D = 2.0×10−10 m2/s at 90°C in the HAZ.