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Brown, Colin David. "Pesticide movement from agricultural land." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238925.
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ASSUNCAO, JULIANO JUNQUEIRA. "AGRICULTURAL EFFICIENCY AND LAND POLICY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4784@1.
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAISSobretudo nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem intensificado as políticas de reforma agrária e combate à pobreza rural. No entanto, o debate sobre o tema tem ignorado questões importantes relacionadas à origem da concentração fundiária e à eficácia dos instrumentos adotados. A tese tem como objetivo analisar o papel de políticas públicas voltadas ao mercado de terras, considerando um critério de eficiência agrícola, em um ambiente em que (i) as pessoas adquirem terra não apenas para a produção agrícola, mas também para outras finalidades, e (ii) o mercado de arrendamento de terras não funciona adequadamente. Mostra- se que essas duas características não apenas afetam a eficiência da alocação de recursos destinados à agricultura como também têm importantes conseqüências para o desenho de políticas públicas. O capítulo 1 apresenta um modelo teórico que estabelece os princípios básicos da análise sistemática das imperfeições do mercado de terras brasileiro e suas conseqüências para a política econômica. Os capítulos 2 a 4 discutem, respectivamente, aspectos de implementação do programa de reforma agrária redistributiva, da taxação de terras e questões associadas ao mercado de arrendamento de terras. Por fim, a conclusão resume os principais resultados encontrados, as limitações e a pesquisa futura.
In the last few years, the Brazilian government has been intensifying economic policies of land reform and poverty alleviation. However, the debate about this issue has been overlooking important questions related to the land concentration and the effectiveness of the policy instruments. The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the role of such policies in an environment in which (i) land property provides non-agricultural benefits and (ii) the land rental market does not work well. The results indicate that these two characteristics not only ffect the agricultural efficiency but also the design of development policies. Chapter 1 presents a theoretical model establishing the main framework of the analysis, considering market imperfections and their consequences to the land policies. Chapters 2 to 4 discuss some issues of the implementation of three policy instruments - the land reform program, the land tax and the land rental market. The conclusion summarizes the main results of the dissertation, some limitations and the guidelines for future research.
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Gibson, Glen R. "War and Agriculture: Three Decades of Agricultural Land Use and Land Cover Change in Iraq." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27671.
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The main objective of this dissertation was to assess whether cultivated area in Iraq, as estimated using satellite remote sensing, changed during and as a result of war and sanctions. The first study used MODIS NDVI data during OIF and the end of UN sanctions to study changes in cultivated area for Iraq as a whole and to identify spatial patterns. The results revealed significant changes in cultivated area for Iraq as a whole, with cultivated area decreasing over 35,000 ha per year. Regionally, there was little change in cultivated area in northern governorates in the Kurdish Autonomous Region, significant decreases in governorates in central Iraq, and initial increases in governorates containing the southern marshlands followed by decreases related to drought. The second study used Landsat images converted to NDVI to study changes in cultivated area in central Iraq for four periods of conflict, and relates those changes to effects on food security. The results indicated that cultivated area changed little between the Iran-Iraq War (1980 to 1988) and the Gulf War (1990 to 1991), increased by 20 percent (from 1.72 to 2.04 Mha) during the period of United Nations sanctions (1990 to 2003), and dropped to below pre-sanction levels (1.40 Mha) during Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003 to 2011). Finally, the third study builds on findings from the second study to address patterns of agricultural land abandonment in central Iraq. The largest areas of abandoned land were those cultivated during the Late Sanctions period (2000-2003). Further, the results indicate that proximity to surface water and roads are strong indicators of continuity of agricultural land use, and that abandoned lands are positioned in peripheral regions more distant from surface water and the transportation grid. We also found that surface soil salinity is increasing in the cultivated lands of central Iraq, regardless of whether it was cultivated during every period or during only a single period. The overall findings indicate that the UN sanctions had the greatest impact on cultivated area, which increased during sanctions, when food imports all but ceased, and then decreased after sanctions ended and food imports resumed.Ph. D.
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Madramootoo, Chandra Alastair 1954. "An agricultural land drainage simulation model /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72017.
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A deterministic computer model was developed to continuously simulate the runoff from surface and subsurface-drained fields in the St. Lawrence lowlands. The model simulates all of the major hydrologic and hydraulic processes occurring both above and below the ground. Input data requirements include hourly rainfall, daily potential evapotranspiration, soil physical properties, field dimensions, open channel geometry and drainage system specifications.Events for the years 1978 to 1982 were simulated, to compare the runoff characteristics between 20 ha, clay loam, surface-drained and subsurface-drained fields. Further simulations were conducted to examine the hydrologic effects of wide-spaced, deep, parallel field ditches.
Hydrographs for the one-in-200-year storm were also simulated. All of the simulations confirmed that the peak flow rate on the subsurface-drained field was less than that of the surface-drained field. Longer times to peak and lag times occurred on the subsurface-drained field.
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Arnberg, Søren. "Empirical studies of agricultural land allocation /." København, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/356590755.pdf.
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Moore, Michal Charles. "Planning policies and agricultural land values." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621707.
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Dolny, Helena. "Land and agrarian reform in South Africa : land ownership, land markets and the state." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358974.
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Fontes, Francisco Pereira. "Essays in agricultural economics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3714/.
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This thesis explores topics in Agricultural Economics and is composed of five papers. In the first paper (Chapter 2), a latent-class stochastic frontier model is used to estimate efficiency scores of farmers in Ethiopia. Compared to conventional models, which assume a unique frontier, much lower inefficiencies are found, suggesting that part of the inefficiencies uncovered in the literature could be an artefact of the methods used. The second paper (Chapter 3) revisits the link between cereal diversity and productivity using a panel dataset in Ethiopia. The results suggest that the positive effect between cereal diversity and productivity becomes much smaller when households who produce teff (a low-productivity and high-value crop) are excluded from the sample, hinting at the possibility that results could be driven by yield differentials between cereals, rather than diversity. The third paper (Chapter 4) estimates the labour impacts of the adoption of Soil and Water Conservation technologies (SWC) in Ethiopia. The results suggest that adopting SWC technologies leads to an increase in adult and child labour. Understanding the labour impacts is important in itself, but it also raises concerns about using impact evaluation methods that require no change in inputs as an identifying assumption of impacts. Paper 4 (Chapter 5), assesses the pertinence of a drought index that has recently been proposed in the literature by Yu and Babcock (2010) and argues that it defines drought too narrowly. An extension to this index is proposed and we show, using a dataset of Indian districts, that the original index is likely to underestimate the impacts of drought. In Paper 5 (Chapter 6), we identify data-driven ranges of rainfall for which the marginal effects of a rainfall-temperature index (RTI) are different and then we discuss how the impacts of drought have changed over the 1966-2009 period in India. Finally, Chapter 7 concludes.
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Aleknavičius, Marius. "Modeling the evolution of agricultural land markets." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20071204_101606-14316.
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This is a summary of doctoral dissertation. Dissertation represents analysis of agricultural land markets development. The analysis was performed by proposing a complex analytical model system and applying it for the investigation of land market development and evolution in Lithuania.Tai yra daktaro disertacijos santrauka. Disertacijoje pateikiama žemės ūkio paskirties žemės rinkų raidos analizė, pagal apžvelgtą teorinę medžiagą pasiūlant kompleksinę tyrimų schemą ir pritaikant ją Lietuvos žemės rinkos kūrimuisi ir vystymuisi tirti.
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Hackwell, Stuart G. "Verification of an agricultural land drainage model." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61699.
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Bishop, Jennifer M. "Agricultural land tenure : environmental principles and practice." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249885.
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Sheikh-Hassani, G. H. "Agricultural land use change in Gilan, Iran." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382182.
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Barretto, Alberto Giaroli de Oliveira Pereira. "Agricultural land-use expansion dynamics in Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-28032013-110939/.
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Brazil is one of the most important global agricultural players. In the last decades, agricultural production has increased drastically as a result of expansion in area and productivity growth, which made Brazil a worldwide leading producer of beef, soybean, sugar, ethanol broiler and coffee. The difficulties of world stock renewal and the sharp consumption increase especially of grains such as corn, soybean and wheat result in favorable conditions for agricultural leading regions to continue increasing production. However, there is a lack of evidence-based research at large scale that address complex land-use changes dynamics related to agricultural growth of area and productivity. The purpose of this thesis is to approach controversial or under-investigated key-points of this central issue by using spatial modeling and open access databases. First, the availability of areas suitable for cropland expansion was estimated trough a spatially explicit model at national scale. Second, the effects of productivity changes on area changes were investigated both for pasture and cropland by a long-term retrospective spatial analysis that covered the period 1960-2006. Third, a comprehensive and effective spatial model using key variables was developed to identify the Brazilian agricultural frontier. Forth, the relationship between deforestation, cropland expansion and pasture expansion was analyzed in the Legal Amazon region and evidences for a better understanding of causal-effect relation in land-use change were suggested. The assembly of papers led to the following main findings: (i) Brazil has a huge amount of land covered by pastures (122 million hectares) with suitable biophysical conditions for intensive crop production; (ii) Historically, there is a clear distinction in landuse dynamics between agriculturally consolidated areas and the agricultural frontier. In agriculturally consolidated areas, cropland yield increases have been associated with pasture intensification and stability or contraction in total farmland area. In contrast, in agricultural frontier areas, cropland yield increases have been associated with agricultural expansion; (iii) Spatial examination of land use transitions since 1960 illustrates the expansion and gradual movement of the agricultural frontier towards the inland of Brazil. However, it also suggests the possible initiation of a reversed trend, i.e. agricultural contraction, in steep areas of the Southeast within the Atlantic Forest biome, which might be in line with the Forest Transition theory (FT); (iv) In Legal Amazon during 2000-2009, cattle population growth, cropland expansion and deforestation were in general concurrent at the municipal level, suggesting a need for modifying the widespread notion of cropland expansion in consolidated regions as a prime causal factor of indirect deforestation through displacement of pastures from these regions to frontier regions.O Brasil tem uma importante atuação na agricultura mundial. Nas últimas décadas, a produção agrícola tem aumentado intensamente como resultado da expansão tanto em área quanto em produtividade, levando o Brasil a se tornar um produtor líder mundial de carne bovina, soja, açúcar, frango e café. As dificuldades de renovação de estoques mundiais e o aumento acentuado do consumo, especialmente de grãos tais como milho, soja e trigo resultam em condições favoráveis para as principais regiões agrícolas continuarem aumentando a produção. No entanto, há uma falta de pesquisas com base empírica em grande escala que abordem a complexa dinâmica das mudanças no uso da terra relacionadas ao crescimento agrícola de área e de produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar os controversos ou pouco investigados pontos essenciais desta questão central por meio de modelagem espacial e bases de dados de acesso aberto. Em primeiro lugar, a disponibilidade de áreas adequadas para a expansão da lavoura foi estimada por meio de um modelo espacialmente explícito em escala nacional. Em seguida, os efeitos das mudanças de produtividade sobre as mudanças de área foram investigados tanto para pastagem e agricultura através de uma análise espacial retrospectiva de longo prazo que abrangeu o período de 1960 a 2006. Posteriormente, um modelo espacial eficaz utilizando variáveischave de levantamento periódico por órgãos oficiais foi desenvolvido para identificar a fronteira agrícola brasileira. Por fim, foi analisada a relação entre desmatamento, expansão da lavoura e expansão da pastagem na região da Amazônia Legal e foram sugeridas evidências para um melhor entendimento da relação entre causa e efeito na mudança do uso da terra. O conjunto de artigos conduziu às seguintes principais conclusões: (i) O Brasil tem uma enorme quantidade de terras cobertas por pastagens (122 milhões de hectares) com condiçoes favoráveis para produção intensiva de culturas agrícolas anuais. (ii) Historicamente, há uma distinção clara na dinâmica de uso da terra entre as áreas agriculturáveis já consolidadas e a fronteira agrícola. Em áreas agrícolas consolidadas, aumentos na produtividade têm sido associados à intensificação de pastagens e à estabilidade ou a diminuição da área agrícola total. Por outro lado, em áreas de fronteira agrícola, o aumento na produtividade tem sido associado com a expansão agrícola. (iii) A análise espacial de transições de uso da terra desde 1960 ilustra a expansão e o movimento gradual da fronteira agrícola em direção ao interior do Brasil. No entanto, também sugere a possível abertura de uma tendência inversa, ou seja, contração agrícola em áreas íngremes do Sudeste dentro do bioma Mata Atlântica, que pode estar de acordo com a teoria da transição florestal (FT). (iv) Na Amazônia Legal, entre 2000 e 2009, crescimento do efetivo bovino, a expansão da agricultura e o desmatamento aconteceram, em geral, de forma silmultânea nos municípios, sugerindo a necessidade de modificar a noção generalizada da expansão de áreas cultiváveis em regiões consolidadas como um fator primordial para o desmatamento indireto por meio do deslocamento de pastagens dessas regiões para regiões de fronteira agrícola.
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Weber, Norbert, and Matthias Meyer. "Land availability for sustainable agricultural tree crops." Adjacent Digital Politics Ltd, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73975.
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Prof Dr Norbert Weber from TU Dresden argues that land availability for sustainable agricultural tree crops and a positive perception of this by the official administration both remain challenging hurdles.
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Lungu, John. "Land tenure and agricultural development in Zambia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU072315.
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Zambia has since independence experienced a decline in per-capita food production. Among the assumed causes of this decline are land tenure relations. This thesis has discussed the relationship between land tenure systems and agricultural development. It has considered the effects of this relationship on productivity, investment and employment generation. It demonstrates that the prevalence of traditional land tenure systems in the rural areas is inconsistent with the rule structures of modern institutions providing credit, marketing, input supply and extension. The thesis however, recognizes that a reform of these land tenure institutions is not a panacea to agricultural productivity unless accompanied by the provision of agricultural services. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part sets out the philosophy of the research, the theoretical framework and provides background and illustrative information on the relationship between land tenure reform and agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa. This part also sets out the historical, economic and political context to land tenure reform in Zambia both in the colonial and post-colonial periods. The second part discusses the case study of Petauke District. In this exposition, the effects of tenure on agricultural productivity, investment and employment creation are examined by analyzing primary data concerning access to credit, marketing, input supply and extension services. In organising chapters 4 to 8 concerning sub-Saharan Africa, Zambia and the case study of Petauke district, the thesis utilized the structure and agency philosophical framework. The explanation of the relationship between land tenure and agricultural development however, employed institutional models developed by both economists and planners.
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Pendell, Austin. "Factors impacting Kansas agricultural land values: 1986 - 2009." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15792.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Kevin Dhuyvetter
Land accounts for more than 75% of a farm operation’s total assets and thus knowledge of land values are very important to landowners. However, many other parties, including lenders, appraisers, investors, and researchers also have significant interest in land markets. Over the past few decades, land prices in Kansas have increased significantly for many different reasons. The main objective of this research is to estimate the impact of various factors on Kansas land values using a hedonic regression model. In cooperation with the Property Valuation Department (PVD) of the Kansas Department of Revenue, farmland market transactions from 1986 to 2009 were obtained for this study. Hedonic models were estimated using Ordinary Least Squares to determine the impact of interest rates, urban areas, location, parcel size, and income on nominal and real Kansas land values. The estimated nominal and real models explained 24.1% and 17.2% of the variation in land prices, respectively, and the results from this study are generally consistent with previous research. This research went further into investigating the relationship between PVD data and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) surveyed data. Results from this study indicate that USDA surveys significantly underestimate the true market for land prices across Kansas.
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Lidstone, Allan Bertram. "Planning the agricultural development of crown land in the marginal fringe." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24846.
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The marginal fringe region of Canada is an agricultural area which is near the environmental and economic limits for commercial agricultural production. Combinations of physical factors and social and economic influences result in an area that experiences dramatic shifts in land use and agricultural development. Government policy is, however, a potentially significant controlling and stabilizing factor in the region's development. It is therefore fundamentally important that government plan its diverse functions and responsibilities in the marginal fringe to ensure an effective, equitable and efficient allocation of society's scarce resources.
This thesis analyses existing planning programs for the development of agriculture on Crown land in Canada's marginal fringe region. It seeks to determine whether these programs have the potential to ensure the efficient and equitable development of agricultural land. This thesis also addresses the problem of how we should effectively develop our shrinking supply of undeveloped arable land and whether existing planning programs adequately address the major issues in the development process.
The methods of investigation include a series of three case studies: St. John's, Newfoundland; Fort Nelson, British Columbia and; Fort Vermilion, Alberta. The case studies are analysed using a framework based on an idealized planning process developed in-the first chapter. This framework is applied to representative planning exercises in each case in order to illustrate the overall planning program's strengths and weaknesses. Based on this broad analysis, I present, in conclusion, the most crucial questions for developing effective planning programs in the marginal fringe and apply these questions to the cases studied. Official reports and surveys, detailed correspondence, personal and telephone interviews, and first-hand experience form the basis for analysis in the case studies. A literature review is the basis for the contextual elements developed in Part I of this thesis.
The results of this study raise a number of concerns about existing planning programs for the agricultural development of Crown land in the marginal fringe, particularly in British Columbia and Newfoundland. The crucial issues for developing effective planning programs in the marginal fringe include the need for a clearly articulated, stable yet flexible, program focussing on the marginal fringe region. The agricultural lead agency's involvement is crucial for these programs. Further questions consider how well environmental factors are inventoried, evaluated and communicated to decision-makers; whether adequate socio-economic assessments are permitted; if alternative resource development options to agriculture are considered; whether government programs related to agricultural development are effective or whether they are inconsistent with planning program objectives, and whether the public understand and support the planning program.
Planning the agricultural development of Crown land in the marginal fringe is in its infancy. Sudden changes to programs, as in British Columbia, and funding deadlines, as in Newfoundland, are harmful to the efficient and effective development of frontier resources and they erode government credibility. Some jurisdictions, such as Alberta, are making rapid strides in applying many of the traditional planning techniques, although social and economic assessment is very weak or absent altogether in each of the programs studied. Usually, decisions are based on a narrow assessment of environmental factors and there are often significant gaps in essential data, especially climate. Alternative resource development options to agriculture are seriously considered only in British Columbia. Only in Alberta has the vital element of public support begun to be appreciated. Elsewhere, public involvement is, more or less, neglected or mishandled.
In conclusion, this thesis raises a number of issues requiring future research, related mainly to socio-economic assessment and planning program development. Also a series-of more detailed normative principles are offered for the improvement of planning programs for the agricultural development of Crown land in the marginal fringe.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Skuras, Dimitrios G. "Land mobility in Greek agriculture." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277593.
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This thesis originated from the need to acquire some understanding of land mobility because of its importance for the creation of future policies to reform Greek agriculture. The aims of the present study are: A. To examine the factors influencing a young rural boy to enter agriculture (chapter 2). B. To examine the factors influencing the decision to expand the farm (chapter 3). C. To study the different methods used for land acquisition at first installation and expansion (chapter 4). D. To examine in a comparative perspective the factors influencing the choice of method of land acquisition (chapter 5). E. To study the process of future succession and its characteristics in Greek agriculture, and assess its importance for land mobility (chapter 6). F. To examine the factors influencing the decision to dispose of land as well as the methods chosen or envisaged (chapter 7). G. To examine the implications of different existing and proposed socio-structural policy measures on land mobility (chapter 8). The life cycle of a farmer and his farm was the basic theme around which the research was structured. The most significant of all factors affecting land mobility proved to be farm size, which was shown to influence a range of different decisions in a farmer's career. It is noticeable that throughout this survey, farm size and farm income as expressed by the measure of Standard Gross Margin (SGM), reacted in the same way to other variables. In this sense farm income is, on average, proportional to farm size and the two variables may be used interchangeably. Apart from farm size, land mobility is greatly influenced by the type of community the respondent lives in. Spatial variations in land mobility have been detected in different areas throughout this survey. Demographic factors also influence mobility in Greek agriculture. In addition to the aforementioned economic and demographic factors, the influence of social and traditional factors must also be stressed. Low levels of education and strong rural traditions still dominate the transfer of land. Three main groups of factors which influence land mobility have then been isolated, namely, economic, demographic and social. The implications of these findings for agricultural policy were then discussed. Land mobility should be increased and directed towards achieving the policy aims of creating larger modernised farms and a younger age structure of the agricultural population. It is concluded that agricultural policy has tremendous potential for manipulating land mobility but that current EEC policy does not provide enough measures and is not applied in the right way. It must be amended in order to include activities closely linked to land mobility, such as land purchase and modify its policy in favour of part-time farmers in certain mountainous and less-favoured areas following the findings of this and other works.
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Krusekopf, Charles C. "Land-tenure institutions and agricultural productivity in post-reform China /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7460.
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Jimenez, Jorge Rodrigo. "Aerosol characterization for agricultural field burning smoke." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/j_jimenez_091406.pdf.
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Haycock, Nicholas Euan. "Riparian land as buffer zones in agricultural catchments." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359498.
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黃梅 and Mui Christina Wong. "Agricultural land use planning and management in Guangdong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259315.
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Khan, Rashid Ahmad. "Ecology and conservation of francolins in agricultural land." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265211.
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Wong, Mui Christina. "Agricultural land use planning and management in guangdong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18153604.
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Bixby, Mark Llewellyn. "Agricultural land pricing model for the Imperial Valley." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64526.
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Chamberlain, Lauren. "The Power Law Distribution of Agricultural Land Size." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7400.
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This paper demonstrates that the distribution of county level agricultural land size in the United States is best described by a power-law distribution, a distribution that displays extremely heavy tails. This indicates that the majority of farmland exists in the upper tail. Our analysis indicates that the top 5% of agricultural counties account for about 25% of agricultural land between 1997-2012. The power-law distribution of farm size has important implications for the design of more efficient regional and national agricultural policies as counties close to the mean account for little of the cumulative distribution of total agricultural land. This has consequences for more efficient management and government oversight as a disruption in one of the counties containing a large amount of farmland (due to natural disasters, for instance) could have nationwide consequences for agricultural production and prices. In particular, the policy makers and government agencies can monitor about 25% of total agricultural land by overseeing just 5% of counties.
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Dyner, Suzanne Shoshana. "The Effect of Utah Population Growth on Conversion of Agricultural Land to Residential Land." DigitalCommons@USU, 1986. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4101.
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Land resources are essential to the production of many goods and services, including food, fiber, housing, and recreation. Often, these alternate uses are thought to be incompatible, and the conventional wisdom holds that in a place such as Utah, where rapid population growth is occurring near farming activities, at least some agricultural land must be converted to developed uses. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the strength of the relationship between population growth and change in farmland, especially cropland, in Utah.
Theoretically, population growth has been assumed to affect the amount of land in agricultural use. An empirical model is formulated to explain changes in the quantity of various types of agricultural land as a function of four hypothesized explanatory variables, one of which is the percentage change in population.
The conclusion reached is that population growth is not statistically related to changes in the amount of land in agriculture in Utah. Although some land at the urban fringes is converted to developed uses every year, it is replaced in other locations by new farmland . Therefore, the increase in population that resulted in some cropland conversion is not directly related to the change in cropland. Moreover, none of the other explanatory variables are consistently related. Even in a hypothetical "worst-case" scenario, in which all future development is assumed to take place on cropland, little of Utah's cropland would be lost by the year 2000. If Utah state and local planners desire to encourage retention of land in agriculture, further study should be directed towards finding the relevant explanatory variables, and policies should be based on an understanding of the significant relationships.
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Ekbom, Anders. "Economic analysis of soil capital, land use and agricultural production in Kenya." Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/8469.
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Mutema, Maxwell. "Land rights and their impacts on agricultural efficiency, investments and land markets in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415515.
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Li, Yee-wa Cathy. "Agricultural land in Hong Kong : a solution space for urban development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1990616X.
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McCallum, Charlotte Alice Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "The effect of Quebec's agricultural preservation law on agriculture and rural land use near Sherbrooke." Ottawa, 1994.
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Peyrow, Farzad. "Field testing of an agricultural land drainage computer model." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66172.
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Kaufmann, Manfred. "Multi criteria evaluation of land restoration for agricultural use /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17744.
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Xu, Wei. "Agricultural land use change in relation to agroecosystem health." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq27473.pdf.
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Patterson, Katherine Liza. "Wealth accounts for agricultural land : a hedonic pricing approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0007/MQ29762.pdf.
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Hall, Barbara Ann. "Corporate Land-Holding and Agricultural Extensification in Early Mesopotamia." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/113408.
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Quigley, Andrew Douglas. "A study of tractor tyre braking on agricultural land." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1053.
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Patton, M. "A spatial econometric model of the agricultural land market." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396218.
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Moxey, Andrew Paul. "Agricultural economics within the NERC/ESRC Land Use Programme." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285319.
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Estel, Stephan. "Mapping patterns of agricultural land-use intensity across Europe." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17583.
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Die weltweite Bevölkerungszunahme, sich ändernde Ernährungsgewohnheiten, und die Nachfrage nach Bioenergie erfordern eine Erhöhung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion. Die Intensivierung bestehender landwirtschaftlicher Flächen ist hierbei eine mögliche Option. Allerdings verstehen wir nur wenig von den räumlichen Mustern der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsintensität, da adäquate Datensätze fehlen. Europa ist eine beispielhafte Region, in der eine Intensivierung als auch ein Rückgang der Landnutzung stattfindet. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es Methoden zu entwickeln, die MODIS NDVI Zeitreihen und statistische Daten kombinieren und eine europaweite Kartierung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsintensität ermöglichen. Für eine Einschätzung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsintensität wurden eine Reihe von Intensitätsindikatoren entwickelt und kartiert. Die resultierenden Karten zeigen eine hohe Landnutzungsintensität in West- und Zentraleuropa und dem Mittelmeerraum, gekennzeichnet durch Mehrfachernten und langen Anbauzeiten. Gebiete mit niedriger Intensität lagen in Osteuropa, in Gebirgsregionen sowie in der Extremadura in Spanien, wo Brachland und die Aufgabe von Agrarflächen häufig sind. Die Aufgabe von Agrarflächen ist ein aktueller Prozess der Landnutzungsveränderung in Osteuropa, während die gleichzeitige Rekultivierung ehemaliger Agrarflächen ebenfalls umfassend ist. Diese räumlichen Muster lassen sich mit unterschiedlichen Agrarumweltbedingungen begründen aber auch mit sozioökonomischen Veränderungen wie die Restrukturierung des osteuropäischen Agrarsektors nach 1989 oder die Marginalisierung landwirtschaftlicher Flächen insbesondere in Gebirgsregionen. Die entstandenen Karten belegen das Potential von MODIS NDVI Zeitreihen, komplexe Phänomene landwirtschaftlicher Nutzungsintensität zu erfassen. Diese könnten genutzt werden um Umweltfolgen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion zu bewerten oder Zielregionen für eine nachhaltige Intensivierung zu identifizieren.Global population growth, changing diets, and the demand of bioenergy require an increase in agricultural production. Intensifying agricultural production is one pathway to meet increasing demands. However, our understanding of spatial patterns of agricultural land use remains weak since adequate data sets are lacking. Europe is as a prime example for a region that is undergoing both, intensification as well as decreasing agricultural land use. The goal of this doctoral thesis was to develop methodologies that combine MODIS NDVI time series and agricultural statistics to map spatial patterns of land-use intensity across Europe. To assess land-use intensity, a wide range of intensity indicators were mapped. The resulting maps revealed high-intensity areas in Western and Central Europe and the Mediterranean region, characterized by multi-harvests and long crop duration. Low-intensity areas are mostly located in Eastern Europe, in mountain regions and the Extremadura in Spain, where fallow and abandonment land are widespread. Agricultural abandonment is an ongoing land-use change process in Eastern Europe. At the same time, recultivation of formerly abandoned land is widespread as well. These spatial patterns are the result of agro-environmental conditions but also of changes in socio-economic conditions such as the restructuring of the agricultural sector in eastern European countries after 1989, or the marginalization of farmland especially in mountain regions. The resulting maps show the potential of MODIS time series to assess the complex phenomenon of land-use intensity. They may form a basis to assess the environmental outcomes of agricultural production and to identify target regions for sustainable intensification.
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Wang, Xiaodong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Impacts of greenhouse gas mitigation policies on agricultural land." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42412.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-162).
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are widely acknowledged to be responsible for much of the global warming in the past century. A number of approaches have been proposed to mitigate GHG emissions. Since the burning of fossil-based fuels is an important source of GHGs, the policies on GHG-mitigation encourage the replacement of fossil-based energy with biomass energy. However, a large-scale development of biomass energy may lead to changes in agricultural land use, which are important sources of GHG emissions, and therefore undermine the effectiveness of GHG-mitigation policies. In this research, I analyze the impacts of GHG-mitigation policies on five types of agricultural land (cropland, managed forestry land, pasture land, un-managed forestry land, and un-managed grassland) as well as carbon stored in such land during the 21st century. The scholars in the MIT Joint Program of Science and Policy on Global Change use the Integrated Global Systems Model (IGSM) to simulate changes in climate in response to GHG-mitigation policies, while the researchers at the U. S. Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) apply the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate land productivities. Based on the predictions of land characteristics affecting land-use decisions, I develop an econometric model to predict the land use affected by climate, GHGs, and tropospheric ozone at the grid-cell scale of 0.5 * 0.5 longitude by latitude. I use the Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model to capture the regional land use driven by economic forces. Then, I develop the downscaling methods to link these two land-use effects. I conduct this research in two scenarios: in the baseline, I assume that there are no policies to mitigate GHG emissions during the 21st century; in the policy scenario, I assume that there are specific policies to limit GHG emissions during the 21st century.
(cont.) I confirm the hypothesis that biomass-energy production would lead to the conversion of the five types of agricultural land, and the carbon stored in such land would decrease; the GHG-mitigation policies, leading to more production of biomass energy and conversion of agricultural land, would cause an even more severe loss of the carbon stored in agricultural land. Although the GHG-mitigation policies would generally reduce the atmospheric GHG emissions by using more energy from biomass, such endeavors would be partly counteracted by the land-use conversion as a result of large-scale production of biomass energy.
by Xiaodong Wang.
Ph.D.
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Boulay, Basile. "Essays on agricultural development in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52094/.
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This thesis is made of three self-contained essays on the agricultural sector of Tanzania, each of them focusing on an aspect of direct policy relevance. In the first essay, I study whether an inverse relationship exists between cultivated area and physical productivity (yield per acre) for a set of important annual crops. I define size as the area of a plot on which a crop is grown, thus introducing a more disaggregated level of analysis than the common plot or crop levels of analysis. I control for the existing hypotheses in the literature potentially explaining this inverse relationship and propose to control for two new hypotheses which are only testable at this level of analysis. In the second essay, I look at output marketing for a set of important crops. I stress the links between the market failure theoretical narrative and empirical applications, and argue this has resulted in less attention being paid to the reasons why farmers may enter -or not- the market for a particular crop. I estimate participation and supply equations for a set of important crops and show that the rationale for entry differs across crops. This calls for a more flexible conception of `the market'. The first two essays use the Tanzanian National Panel Surveys to conduct econometric analysis. The third essay is based on primary data collected in 2016 in order to carry analysis of the Bambara nut, an underutilised crop. Because underutilised crops hardly feature in national datasets, primary data is needed to understand their socio-economic dynamics. Focusing on the Mtwara region of Tanzania, I study the importance of Bambara for local livelihoods using a mixed-methods study based on both quantitative and qualitative data. This study contributes to the growing interest on underutilised crops and their importance in designing more sustainable agricultural strategies.
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Ndengu, Musa. "Land reform in Kenya." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3578/.
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This research investigates the effectiveness of land reform in Kenya in relation to its stated policy aims of improving farm productivity through case studies of three districts where land reform has been implemented. One was an area with dense population and predominant customary form of land tenure (Kakamega); another one had the most recent land reform programme - group-ranching system (Kajiado); and the third had an early land reform acclaimed as a success within the former 'white highlands (Trans Nzoia). Although many studies on land reform suggest that collateral is one of the common ways of funding agricultural development, this was found to be defective as it does not test the borrower's ability to repay the loan, encourages excessive borrowing, and repayment schedules are often not realistic. For many farmers, the use of land as collateral depended on their ability to process title deeds; financial institutions to lend money; no market distortions/information asymmetry; and absence of cultural restrictions. We have also demonstrated that how land rights are assigned and the land tenure security determines households ability to generate income, their social and economic status, incentives to make investments, and a farmer's ability to access financial markets. Creation of land board committees in Kenya composed of local elders for resolving land disputes was aimed at increasing their (elders) involvement leading to decisions that reflected community wishes. Our findings were that on average, about 70 per cent of such decisions on land disputes were upheld by courts of appeal on technicalities because land boards lack a sufficient basis in law and there was no training programme for the members. Group ownership of land with shared possession and communal decision making on its administration hardly existed in the case study areas but was used to foster unity, address social needs, and provided a mechanism for disbursing inequalities in ability, knowledge and wealth. On gender issues and land tenure, the need for increased tenure security to women was found not be enough for their participation in the land market without access to credit, information, and appropriate technologies. This research has proposed an improved system of managing land reforms based upon an analysis of existing land record system, and formulated an alternative address referencing system.
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Makhwaje, Ernest N. "Strategic planning of agricultural land information systems in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1113.
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Thesis (PhD(Agric) (Agricultural Economics))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The planning processes involved in the design and development of strategic land information systems in a semantic context require a logical approach. An array of efficacy problems associated with the relevance of the information required and the data to be provided must be dealt with in terms of this logical approach so that wise decisions can be made about future land resource use options. This study applies the aforementioned statement to strategic decision-making regarding information management in the provision of accurate and relevant information about the characteristics of the land resource for use by both the public and private sectors in South Africa. With ever evolving human needs that increase pressure on the limited land resource, the need for accurate and relevant information for strategic purposes is increasing. However, even at the present time, land information systems design and development is characterised by a technical design orientation and a narrow cost-efficiency focus, with a lack of strategic envisioning. Strategic decisions require effective choices regarding what data should be collected and how this should be stored and processed to support landresource- use decisions in the future. Information systems can, however, not cater for too many variables due to cost implications. Hence, strategic choices in generating only the required information and data for storage and processing become necessary.
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Briggs, Rebecca S. "Oregon's agricultural lands preservation policy : an analysis of effectiveness in the Willamette Valley /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9129.
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Ozdemir, Semra. "Convergent Validity of Conjoint Values for Farmland Conservation Easement Programs." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OzdemirS2003.pdf.
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Bostner, Albin. "Carbon dioxide dynamics in agricultural streams : Investigation of two streams draining catchments dominated by agricultural land." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421345.
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In recent years, streams draining agricultural land has been suggested to exhibit high carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations when compared to streams draining other land-types. The transport of carbon from land to ocean is mainly occurring through the chain of inland waters, and with agricultural land today representing 40% of all continental area many of these inland waters are influenced by agricultural land. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of CO2 dynamics and its control in agricultural streams. Continuous data was collected from two catchments of different scales, near the city of Uppsala, Sweden. Both catchments are typical low-land catchments largely dominated by agricultural land. The measured CO2 concentrations were analyzed to find temporal variations and differences in dynamics between the catchments. The interplay between CO2 and parameters such as dissolved oxygen, discharge and conductivity were analyzed to determine the main drivers for CO2 dynamics. The findings show supersaturation of CO2 concentration during the full length of the measurement periods, with mean CO2 concentrations higher than what have been observed in streams draining other land-type catchments. Diel CO2 cycles were found throughout most of the measurement periods, where manual measurements were conducted to confirm these findings. The diel CO2 patterns were suggested to be heavily dependent on in-situ metabolic control while hydrological factors, such as sufficient discharge, seemed to be needed to produce a good diel CO2 signal. CO2 build-up is suggested to occur in the catchment soil and, when flushed out after rain events, result in an increasing CO2 concentration. This might be one important driver for the high levels in CO2 concentration found in the streams during summer and autumn. Analysis of the catchment areas suggest the percentage of agricultural land and the size of the catchment areas had an impact on hydrology, both for sufficient water flow to exist but also for the CO2 response after rain events. More research is encouraged, where more parameters should be investigated, such as groundwater inputs and carbonate precipitation.Bäckar som dränerar åkermark har under de senaste åren blivit mer uppmärksammade på grund av nya studier som visat att dessa bäckar tenderar att ha högre CO2-koncentration än bäckar som dränerar andra marktyper. Idag utgör cirka 40% av all kontinentalyta åkermark, då den huvudsakliga transporten av kol från land till hav sker genom sammankopplade vattendrag är därav en förståelse av åkermarkers dränering till bäckar av stor betydelse. Syftet med studien var att förbättra förståelsen av CO2-dynamiken och dess påverkan på bäckar i jordbruksdominerade avrinningsområden. Kontinuerlig data samlades in, samt erhölls från tidigare mätningar, från två avrinningsområden med olika storlekar och markfördelningar nära Uppsala. Båda avrinningsområdena var typiska låglands- avrinningsområden som dominerades av åkermark. Data för CO2-koncentration analyserades för att hitta kort- och långsiktiga variationer i CO2-dynamiken samt undersöka hur denna dynamik skiljer sig mellan avrinningsområden med olika storlek och markfördelning. Samspelet mellan CO2 och parametrar såsom vattenlösligt syre, vattenföring och konduktivitet analyserades för att hitta drivkrafter bakom CO2-dynamiken. Resultatet visar att de undersökta bäckarna var övermättade med CO2 under hela mätperioden, samt att medelkoncentrationerna som uppmättes var högre än vad som observerats i bäckar som dränerar andra landtyper. En dygnsvariation av CO2 observerades under större delar av mätperioderna, manuella prover utfördes för att stärka denna data. Den observerade dygnscykeln av CO2-koncentrationen konstaterades korrelera med den in-situ metaboliska kontrollen medan hydrologiska faktorer, såsom ett tillräckligt högt vattenflöde, visade sig var viktigt för att en CO2-dygnscykel ska existera. De mycket höga toppar av CO2-koncentration som observerats under mätningarna tros bero på ackumulering av CO2 i avrinningsområdenas marker, vilket under nederbörd utarmas och transporteras till bäcken. Vid jämförelse av de två avrinningsområdena föreslogs den procentuella andelen åkermark och storleken av avrinningsområdet ha en stor påverkan på hydrologin, både för att ett tillräckligt vattenflöde ska existera men också för CO2-responsen vid större nederbördsmängder. Mer forskning behövs där fler parametrar börs ta i beaktning, till exempel in-situ karbonutfällning och inflöde av CO2 via grundvatten, för att få en bättre bild över åkermarkens påverkan på CO2-dynamik i bäckar.
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Warren, Georgina. "Developing land management units using Geospatial technologies: An agricultural application." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Spatial Sciences, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17509.
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This research develops a methodology for determining farm scale land managementunits (LMUs) using soil sampling data, high resolution digital multi-spectral imagery (DMSI) and a digital elevation model (DEM). The LMUs are zones within a paddock suitable for precision agriculture which are managed according to their productive capabilities. Soil sampling and analysis are crucial in depicting landscape characteristics, but costly. Data based on DMSI and DEM is available cheaply and at high resolution.The design and implementation of a two-stage methodology using a spatiallyweighted multivariate classification, for delineating LMUs is described. Utilising data on physical and chemical soil properties collected at 250 sampling locations within a 1780ha farm in Western Australia, the methodology initially classifies sampling points into LMUs based on a spatially weighted similarity matrix. The second stage delineates higher resolution LMU boundaries using DMSI and topographic variables derived from a DEM on a 10m grid across the study area. The method groups sample points and pixels with respect to their characteristics and their spatial relationships, thus forming contiguous, homogenous LMUs that can be adopted in precision agricultural applications. The methodology combines readily available and relatively cheap high resolution data sets with soil properties sampled at low resolution. This minimises cost while still forming LMUs at high resolution.The allocation of pixels to LMUs based on their DMSI and topographic variables has been verified. Yield differences between the LMUs have also been analysed. The results indicate the potential of the approach for precision agriculture and the importance of continued research in this area.
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Matchaya, Greenwell Collins. "Land Ownership and Agricultural Performance : Theory and Evidence from Malawi." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509008.
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Hu, W. "The impacts of land tenure reform on China's agricultural environment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604691.
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This study aims to investigate the ongoing and potential degradation of China's agro-ecological environment since the land ownership reform of 1978. The reformed individual household land tenure and other agricultural polices have stimulated farmers' incentives for agricultural production. However, they have also encouraged short-sighted decisions and the irresponsible use of land resources and, consequently, have led to the degradation of China's agro-ecological environment. This situation is deteriorating. Current research in China has focused only on the broad issue of degradation rather than the relationship between degradation and the land tenure system. This is because the shift from collective farming to individual farms has been greeted with international acclaim, leading government officials to become over optimistic about agricultural growth under the existing land tenure system. In addition, the issue of land property rights (especially private land ownership) is a sensitive one that researchers have avoided. This dissertation comprises a detailed study of the linkage between current land tenure systems and agro-ecological environmental degradation. The extent and rate of both social and physical capital degradation (weakened collective functions, decline of irrigated lands, communal capital deterioration, farming land degradation and overgrazing, etc.) are assessed and their relationship with land policies and land tenure in two different areas in China are demonstrated. These areas are Changping county, a developed agricultural site with strong collective farming management and mixed household farming systems; and Shenmu county, an undeveloped site with only the household responsibility system and more ongoing privatisation. In the collective era, Changping was a rich county for farming, and Shenmu, a poor county for agricultural production. In both areas, the agricultural performance and management system in the post-reform period was compared to the cost of overall rural environmental degradation of social and physical capital base, and the degradation trend examined and analysed.