Academic literature on the topic 'An experting review'
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Journal articles on the topic "An experting review"
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Briggle, Adam. "Review: Questioning Expertise." Social Studies of Science 38, no. 3 (June 2008): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312706093668.
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Ciortea, Octavian Razvan. "Review of the Book ”Către o nouă expertiză etică. Deconstruind valorile etice” [Towards a New Ethical Expertise. Deconstructing Ethical Values], Author: Ana Frunză, Lumen Publishing." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Political Sciences & European Studies 6, no. 2 (2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenpses/6.2/25.
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This text is the review of the volume "Către o nouă expertiză etică. Deconstruind valorile etice” [Towards a new ethical expertise. Deconstructing ethical values] by Ana Frunză, published by Lumen Publishing House from Iași, Romania, in 2016. I came across this volume much too late, for it brings great value to the field of ethics and ethical expertise. The arguments are easy to follow, especially for those who want to step into the field of ethical expertise. The combination of familiar texts, with more technical ones and with solid and concise arguments, allows any type of reader to approach the field and deepen it.
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Glaze, W. H. "Editorial: Peer review expertise." Environmental Science & Technology 22, no. 12 (December 1988): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00177a605.
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Hertzum, Morten. "Expertise seeking: A review." Information Processing & Management 50, no. 5 (September 2014): 775–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2014.04.003.
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Fedorinov, A. V., and T. A. Astakhova. "The influence of expertise result on expert opinion in modern legal proceedings." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2102-05.
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The article provides an analysis of the purpose and methods of reviews of expert opinions. The defi nition of the review of expert opinions and a psychological portrait of the main groups of reviewers are considered in this article. The authors pay a special attention to the analysis of errors and the role of reviews in identification of these errors in expert opinions.
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Baatwah, Saeed Rabea, Zalailah Salleh, and Norsiah Ahmad. "Whether Audit Committee Financial Expertise Is the Only Relevant Expertise: A Review of Audit Committee Expertise and Timeliness of Financial Reporting." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v7i2.76.
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This study reviews the literature on audit committee expertise and financial reporting timeliness. Financial reporting timeliness and audit committee expertise are two areas of research gaining the attention of a large number of stakeholders because they contribute to the reliability and the relevancy of financial reporting. Indeed, the focus of this review is primarily on the recent developments in the pertinent literature in order to show the limitations of such research and encourage future research to overcome these limitations. By also looking at the development of the audit committee expertise literature, this study concludes that (1) like most audit committee literature, financial reporting timeliness literature continues to assume the absence of the contribution of expertise other than financial expertise, and ignore the role of audit committee chair; (2) most of this literature fails to find a significant effect because it ignores the interaction among corporate governance mechanisms. Accordingly, this study posits that ignoring the issues raised in such research by future research would lead to major mistakes in reforms relating to how the quality of financial reporting can be enhanced.
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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Evidence-Based Medicine, Systematic Reviews, and Guidelines in Interventional Pain Management: Part 3: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Randomized Trials." Pain Physician 1;12, no. 1;1 (January 14, 2009): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/35.
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In recent years, progress and innovations in healthcare are measured by evidencebased medicine (EBM), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. A systematic review is defined as, “the application of scientific strategies that limit bias by the systematic assembly, critical appraisal, and synthesis of all relevant studies on a specific topic.” In contrast, meta-analysis is the statistical pooling of data across studies to generate pooled estimates of effects. Meta-analysis usually is the final step in a systematic review. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are labor intensive, requiring expertise in both the subject matter and review methodology, and also must follow the rules of EBM which suggest that a formal set of rules must complement medical training and common sense for clinicians to interpret the results of clinical research effectively. While expertise in the subject matter is crucial, expertise in review methods is also particularly important. Despite an explosion of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the empiric research on the quality of systematic reviews has shown that not all systematic reviews are truly systematic, having highly variable quality, deficiencies in methodologic assessment of the quality of the included manuscripts, and bias. Even then, systematic review of the literature is currently the best, least biased, and most rational way to organize, cull, evaluate, and integrate the research evidence from among the expanding medical and healthcare literature. However, a dangerous discrepancy between the experts and the evidence continues to persist in part because multiple instruments are available to assess the quality of systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Steps in conducting systematic reviews include planning, conducting, reporting, and disseminating the results. The Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysis (QUOROM) statement provides a checklist and a flow diagram. The checklist describes the preferred way to present the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of the report of an analysis. This review describes various aspects of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials with a special focus on interventional pain management. Key words: Randomized trials, pragmatic trials, evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, guidelines, bias, interventional pain management, Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysis (QUOROM), Cochrane reviews
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Joy Parr. "Rethinking Expertise (review)." Technology and Culture 50, no. 2 (2009): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.0.0252.
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Li, Bing, and Nian Li. "Handwriting expertise reliability: A review." Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 5, no. 4 (2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_44_19.
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Clifford, Hywel. "Book Review: Compendium of Expertise." Expository Times 130, no. 11 (June 24, 2019): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014524619852903.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "An experting review"
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Fisher, Elizabeth Charlotte. "Risk, expertise and judicial review : scope of review and decision making under scientific uncertainty." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a252259-a017-4568-a31d-3a94837e5bfe.
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Judicial review of risk regulation rule making in the United States has been a highly controversial area of administrative law. How a court should substantively review expert decision makers acting under scientific uncertainty is by no means clear. While there has been much criticism, few answers have been forthcoming, and the present approach taken by the courts has led to ossification of the rule making process. While risk regulation may seem the product of late twentieth century America, courts in carrying out judicial review have been tackling the problems created by expertise and scientific uncertainty since at least the turn of the century. The courts' approach in applying such scope of review standards as the substantial evidence and arbitrary and capricious tests has been largely determined by their understanding of what is an expert administrative agency. Two models of administrative expertise can be identified - the deliberative and the rationalist. The rationalist expert agency is defined as an analytical fact finder which does not stray outside precise legislative boundaries. In contrast the deliberative expert agency is a complex problem solver in the public interest. It engages in deliberation informed by analysis to solve problems identified by Congress. Through an examination of the impact of these models on scope of review doctrine an appreciation can be gained of why judicial review is presently carried out the way it is and how it can be reformed. In the early half of this century, scope of review doctrine was underpinned by the deliberative model. With the creation of the risk regulatory agencies in the early 1970s there was much confusion over both the role of these new agencies and how the courts should review their decisions. Due to a number of circumstances, both internal and external to risk regulation, judicial review was by 1980 underpinned by the rationalist paradigm. Influential factors included: growing distrust of public administration, hard look review, debates about administrative procedure, and legislative ambiguity. It is argued that the rationalist model is at odds with the task of risk regulators and what is expected of them. It is the rationalist paradigm rather than judicial review per se which has led to the problems of ossification. The deliberative paradigm can and should be the basis for effective judicial review and this is illustrated with a mock judgement.
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Tabassum, Sinin, and Md Soud Al Fahad. "Impact of product involvement and consumer expertise on online consumer review for consumer purchase intention." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42327.
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Purpose: To investigate the effects of online reviews on consumer purchase intention considering the moderating role of product involvement and consumer expertise. Methodology: To reach our goal in this paper, we conduct a descriptive study in a deductive way. This is quantitative research in which the relationship between online reviews and consumer buying behavior will be tested. The research strategy of the study is an online survey. The sample size is 200 respondents considering confidence level 95% and confidence interval 7. Data editor IBM SPSS is used to performing the data analysis. Findings: High-low product involvement and high-low consumer expertise have an impact on the factor of online review (quality, quantity, and credibility) significantly and it affects the purchase intention of the consumer. The study created a conceptual model, which is adapted from the ELM model that considers expertise, involvement, perceived quality, quantity credibility of online consumer review and intent to purchase. This study found that the effect of review type (quality) on the intention of purchase was stronger for both experts and novice and both high-low involvement products. Depending on the level of involvement, the quantity of review on purchase intention increases but the quantity of review on the intention to purchase did not differ under both low involvement & high expertise. Again, individuals rely on source credibility when product involvement is low. But the credibility of the review did not differ on the purchase of intention under low involvement and low expertise situation. Research implications: This study applies the ELM model to measure the cognitive factor (review factor) and motivation factor (involvement and expertise) together. This study shows consumers with different levels of involvement and expertise prefer different levels of online review factors. The marketer could classify online review information into different category lines like the attribute-based review, benefit-based review, etc. and based on the analysis, the marketer can make a different plan for a different level of consumer (expert and involved consumer). Keywords: Quality, quantity, and credibility of review, Product involvement, consumer expertise, elaboration likelihood model (ELM Model).
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Křížovská, Eliška. "Stanovení ceny stavebního podniku střední velikosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232547.
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The subject of the diploma thesis is the price assessment of middle – size contruction company. It is concerned to the certain firm with the factual data, whose evaluation is practised by means of two methods. The choice of these methods was made with regard to the situation on the market and the calculation is made in the practical part of the diploma thesis.
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Stahnke, Rebekka. "Teachers’ Situation-Specific Skills With a Particular Focus on Classroom Management." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23024.
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Situations-spezifische Fertigkeiten sind ein wichtiger Teil von Lehrerexpertise und insbesondere im Bereich des Klassenmanagements bedeutsam. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kompetenz- und Expertiseforschung synthetisiert die vorliegende Dissertation bisherige Befunde systematisch und untersucht, wie sich Novizen- und Expertenlehrpersonen in ihren Fertigkeiten hinsichtlich des Klassenmanagements unterscheiden. Studie 1 fasst den Forschungsstand in einem systematischen Review von 60 empirischen Studien zusammen und arbeitet Erkenntnisse zu Fertigkeiten und ihrer Förderung sowie zum konzeptuellen Rahmen der Studien heraus. Für Studie 2 und Studie 3 werden die Fertigkeiten von 20 Noviz*innen und 20 Expert*innen mit Hilfe von Videoausschnitten untersucht, die für das Klassenmanagement relevante Ereignisse zeigen. Studie 2 erforscht mit Hilfe von Eye-Tracking-Methoden insbesondere die Fertigkeit der Wahrnehmung sowie formatspezifische Expertiseeffekte. Es fand sich bei Expert*innen ein Fokus auf Schüler*innen, während Noviz*innen vor allem beim Partnerarbeitsformat weniger ausgeprägte Fertigkeiten zeigten. Studie 3 untersucht anhand von retrospektiven verbalen Analysen Expertiseeffekte hinsichtlich des Wahrnehmens, Interpretierens und Entscheidens. Expertise war erneut durch einen Fokus auf Schüler*innen gekennzeichnet. Zudem boten Expert*innen mehr Handlungsmöglichkeiten an als Noviz*innen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass Expert*innen vor allem hinsichtlich des Entscheidens überlegen sind. Weiterhin deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass offenere Unterrichtsformate für Noviz*innen besonders herausfordernd sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wird hinsichtlich der allgemeinen Expertise- und Kompetenzforschung sowie der Klassenmanagementforschung diskutiert. Die Studien zeigen theoretische Inkohärenz hinsichtlich des Konstrukts situations-spezifischer Fertigkeiten auf, sowie eine starke Fokussierung bisheriger Forschung auf Störungen in Frontalunterrichtsszenen.Situation-specific skills are an important part of teacher expertise and are particularly relevant in the area of classroom management. Against the background of general and classroom management-specific teacher competence and expertise research, this dissertation systematically synthesized previous findings and also investigated how novice and expert teachers differ in their skills with regard to classroom management. Study 1 summarized the state of research in a systematic review of 60 empirical studies, thereby identifying insights into teachers’ skills and their facilitation, as well as the conceptual frameworks of the studies. For Study 2 and Study 3, the skills of 20 novice and 20 expert teachers were examined using video clips that show events relevant to classroom management. Study 2 investigated format-specific expertise effects and, in particular, the skill of perception by using eye tracking methods. Experts were found to focus on students and their learning, while novices showed less pronounced skills, especially in the partner work format. Using teachers’ retrospective verbal analyses of classroom management events, Study 3 examined expertise effects with respect to teachers’ perception, interpretation and decision-making. Again, expertise was characterized by a focus on students. In addition, experts proposed more alternative courses of action than novices. In summary, it can be concluded that experts are superior to novices especially with regard to the skill of decision-making. Furthermore, the results indicate that more open formats of instruction are particularly challenging for novices. The relevance of the results is discussed with regard to general expertise and competence research as well as classroom management research. The studies point to theoretical ambiguities regarding the construct of situation-specific skills, as well as an overemphasis of previous research on behavioral management in whole-group instruction settings.
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Spencer, Peter. "Cognitive bias and heuristics and their effects on clinical judgement amongst psychological therapists: a review, and, Problem solving in an empathic task: an experimental study of expertise and intuition." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4655/.
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Hughes, Shannon. "Navigating Health Sources on the Internet: A Mixed-Methods Examination of Online Consumer Reviews and Expert Text on Psychotropic Drugs." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/231.
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Purpose: The Internet has provided an unprecedented opportunity for psychotropic medication consumers, a traditionally silenced group in clinical trial research, to have voice by contributing to the construction of drug knowledge in an immediate, direct manner. Currently, there are no systematic appraisals of the potential of online consumer drug reviews to contribute to drug knowledge. The purpose of this research was to explore the content of drug information on various websites representing themselves as consumer- and expert-constructed, and as a practical consideration, to examine how each source may help and hinder treatment decision-making. Methodology: A mixed-methods research strategy utilizing a grounded theory approach was used to analyze drug information on 5 exemplar websites (3 consumer- and 2 expert-constructed) for 2 popularly prescribed psychotropic drugs (escitalopram and quetiapine). A stratified simple random sample was used to select 1,080 consumer reviews from the websites (N=7,114) through February 2009. Text was coded using QDA Miner 3.2 software by Provalis Research. A combination of frequency tables, descriptive excerpts from text, and chi-square tests for association were used throughout analyses. Findings: The most frequently mentioned effects by consumers taking either drug were related to psychological/behavioral symptoms and sleep. Consumers reported many of the same effects as found on expert health sites, but provided more descriptive language and situational examples. Expert labels of less serious on certain effects were not congruent with the sometimes tremendous burden described by consumers. Consumers mentioned more than double the themes mentioned in expert text, and demonstrated a diversity and range of discourses around those themes. Conclusions: Drug effects from each source were complete relative to the information provided in the other, but each also offered distinct advantages. Expert health sites provided concise summaries of medications’ effects, while consumer reviews had the added advantage of concrete descriptions and greater context. In short, consumer reviews better prepared potential consumers for what it’s like to take psychotropic drugs. Both sources of information benefit clinicians and consumers in making informed treatment-related decisions. Social work practitioners are encouraged to thoughtfully utilize online consumer drug reviews as a legitimate additional source for assisting clients in learning about treatment options.
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Agulhon, Charlotte. "Le contrôle juridictionnel des évaluations en droit public." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D036.
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Traditionnellement étudiée en science politique et en science administrative, l'évaluation est aussi un objet de recherche intéressant en droit, notamment en droit public. En effet, en France, la plupart des évaluations réalisées s'intègrent dans des procédures parlementaires ou administratives. Si les travaux juridiques consacrés à l'évaluation se multiplient, la question de son éventuel contrôle juridictionnel retient peu les auteurs. Or la mise en place d'un contrôle unifié de l'évaluation répondrait à l'unité de la catégorie juridique dont elle relève, celle des expertises non contentieuses. Le juge est aussi le seul à pouvoir intervenir en même temps sur les textes régissant l'évaluation, sur les évaluations elles-mêmes et sur les décisions fondées sur des évaluations. De ce fait, il pourrait atténuer certains des effets juridiques, sociologiques et politiques néfastes que l'évaluation peut avoir sur les institutions et sur les personnes. Il est ainsi possible de définir un contrôle unifié de la régularité de l'évaluation et de l'utilisation de l'évaluation même régulière par le décideur adapté à la nature informative de l'expertise évaluative. Cette systématisation améliorerait la cohérence de l'ordre juridique en attachant un régime juridique harmonisé à une catégorie juridique. Ce contrôle est en grande partie latent dans la jurisprudence du juge administratif et du juge constitutionnel. Il ne faut toutefois pas surestimer ses potentialités. L'unification proposée ne résoudrait pas toutes les difficultés soulevées par la pratique évaluative : le contrôle juridictionnel ne constitue que l'une des réponses possibles aux nouveaux défis posés par l'évaluationTraditionally studied in administrative and politic sciences, evaluations are also an interesting object for law study, especially for public law. Indeed, in France, most of evaluations arc integrated in legislative or administrative procedures. If legal works dedicated to evaluations multiply, the issue of its possible judicial review is not often addressed by authors. Y et, the implementation of an unified judicial review of the evaluations would answer to the unity of the legal category they arc related to : non contentious expertises. Furthermore, only the judge can intervene on the texts related to the evaluations, the evaluations themselves and the decisions based upon thein. This specificity would allow him to address some of the legal, sociologic and politic nefarious effects that evaluation bas on institutions and people. If it were adapted to the informative ant technic nature of the evaluation, a control of the regularity of evaluations and a control of the use of evaluations even regular by deciders could prevent some excesses caused by the rationalization of public decisions. This control is latent in the jurisprudence of the administrative and constitutional judges. But this control must not be overestimated. The unification here proposed will note settle all the difficulties raised by the practice of evaluation. The judicial review is only one of the possible answers that can be brought to the new challenges surrounding the proliferation of evaluations
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Menard, Jacques. "Dunsmuir and the Changing Faces of Curial Deference & Tribunal Expertise: The Shaping of a Unitary Standard of Judicial Review In Administrative Law." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1722.
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This paper focuses on the evolution of “reasonableness” as a unitary standard of judicial review and the role of tribunal expertise in that process. The modern era begins with Nipawin in 1973, a time when judicial review operated with a crude binary system of standards that allowed for either full curial deference (patent unreasonableness) or no deference (correctness). It ends in 2008 with Dunsmuir and the jettisoning of the highest standard of curial deference, the standard of patent unreasonableness. Correctness is now implicitly understood not as a standard but, as the justified absence of the need to extend deference to a tribunal`s decision. Patent unreasonableness and the middle ground standard of reasonableness have ostensibly been "collapsed" into a single more rational, workable, flexible and sophisticated unitary system based on the multi faceted standard of reasonableness. It is argued that the new “standard of review analysis” expressed in Dunsmuir is simply a comprehensive restatement of all the previously articulated diverse and, typically, non-dispositive factors and exceptions. The hallmarks of this new standard are the recognition that, more often than not in administrative law, there is no one right or best answer and that, a reviewing court will respect and affirm a tribunal’s choice if it is within the range of options provided it is well reasoned. This paper also addresses the primarily academic criticism of the Supreme Court over conceptual problems in distinguishing patent unreasonableness from reasonableness, a dispute fuelled by this court’s continued attempts to justify a standard of review that allowed for a tribunal’s right to be wrong. It is argued that patent unreasonableness had become less of a standard of review and more of a simple expression of judicial censure for egregious fault in decision making; a qualifier to a finding of unreasonableness. Arguably that role may have been preserved even with the collapsing of the two standards into one standard in Dunsmuir. While Dunsmuir should have clarified many of the issues the three-way difference of opinion in the Court demonstrates continuing deep rifts that may portend further uncertainty. Uptake by lower courts indicates otherwise.Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2009-03-17 14:58:15.299
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Lin, Ming-Lu, and 林明儒. "The effect of consumer decision-making process via e-WOM: information sources, consumer expertise, and online review." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04178372836383240063.
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碩士國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
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This study investigates the effect of electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), consumer knowledge, online consumer reviews on consumer’s purchase and recommendation decision-making. Using the elaboration likelihood model ELM), we examine source of e-WOM(social network, virtual community) affect consumer’s decision-making. Using the cognitive fit theory, we try which type of reviews fits consumers with a high (low) level of expertise. We also investigate that the effects of the source of e-WOM, level of expertise and type of reviews. The hypotheses were tested using a 2 (source of e-WOM) x 2 (levels of expertise) x 2 (number of reviews) mixed design. The results show that consumers with a low motivation have the effect of ELM (source of e-WOM) on purchase intention is stronger for social network than for virtual community, and in social network that cognitive fit (benefit-centric reviews) on purchase intention is stronger for novices than for experts, in virtual community that cognitive fit (attribute-centric reviews) on purchase intention is stronger for experts than for novices. This study delivers future research and online sellers to refer.
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Martins, Marta Soares Gonçalves da Costa. "How TripAdvisor’s reviewers level of expertise influence their online rating behaviour and the usefulness of reviews." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15428.
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The internet has improved the buying behaviour of customers. The development of
technologies has led to the dissemination of opinions on social networks where customers
buy goods and services. These comments on social networks started to be a part of the
purchasing process. Until a few years ago, customers used to choose their itineraries based
on tourist guides or brochures. Nowadays, customers’ reviews have changed the way a
destination is portrayed, enhancing the description of a product or a service to a level that
not even the supplier was able to reach before. There are different types of reviewers. The
aim of this study is to identify both reviews, experts and non-expert reviewers and analyse
the way they write their reviews. Reviews of five hotels taken from the TripAdvisor
website were used in order to conduct this study. After analyzing a great set of variables,
the results show that there is not much different on the amount of positive/negative
reviews written by a reviewer, however, there is a difference in the deeper meaning of a
review when it is positive than when it is negative. The expert reviewer tends to be more
emotional when writing positive reviews than negative reviews. Regarding the usefulness
of the reviews, there is no significant difference in usefulness of a review whether is an
written by an expert reviewer or by a non-expert reviewer. The results also indicate that
being an expert does not influence the rating a reviewer gives to a hotel stay either. The
study was conducted by using Lexalytics program to analyze a Natural Language
Processing (NLP) used to classify reviews according to their polarity. With this study, a
new research in study was filled. This study gives insights on the polarity of a review
depending on the type of reviewer. The results of this study are also important for hotel
managers in order for them to understand the type of guest in house.O desenvolvimento da tecnologia, com ênfase na internet e nos seus desenvolvimentos ao longo dos anos, melhorou o comportamento dos clientes e levou à disseminação de opiniões em redes sociais onde os clientes compram productos e serviços. Os comentários feitos a um produto ou serviço nas redes sociais começaram a fazer parte do processo da compra. Até há uns anos atrás, os clientes escolhiam os itinerários para as suas viagens com base em guias turísticos e brochuras. Recentemente, os comentários de clientes mudaram a maneira que um destino é explicado e ilustrado, melhorando, desta forma, a descrição de um produto/serviço a um nível que nem mesmo os fornecedores destes tinham alcançado ainda. Há diferentes tipos de reviewers. O objectivo deste estudo é identificar ambos tipos, expert e non-expert e analisar o estilo de reviews escrita por estes. Experts são assim denominados se tiverem escrito mais de dez reviews; por outro lado os non-expert reviewers são assim denominados se tiverem escrito menos de 10 reviews. Para este estudo, foi utilizada informação de cinco hotéis de Orlando, Florida, retirada do TripAdvisor. Depois de uma análise das variáveis, os resultados mostram que não há grande diferença no que toca ao volume de comentários positivos/negativos escritos por um utilizador. Por outro lado, existe uma diferença na emoção dada a cada comentário, entre os utilizadores. O expert reviewer tende a ser mais emocional quando escreve comentários positivos do que quando escreve comentários negativos. Relativamente a utilidade de cada comentário, não há grande diferença no que toca a ser um expert reviewer ou um non-expert a escrever um comentário. Os resultados indicam, também, que ser um expert não tem qualquer influência na avaliação que um utilizador dá a sua estadia num hotel. Este estudo foi feito com base no programa Lexalytics, com objectivo de analisar a Natural Language Processing (NLP) usada para classificar os comentários de acordo com a sua polaridade.
Books on the topic "An experting review"
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Zhi lan zhai shu ba chu ji: Zhilanzhai shuba chuji. Beijing Shi: Guo jia tu shu guan chu ban she, 2012.
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Zhi lan zhai shu ba san ji: Zhilanzhai shuba sanji. Beijing Shi: Guo jia tu shu guan chu ban she, 2014.
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Tierney, Margaret. Thef ormation and fragmentation of computing as an occupation: A review of shifting 'expertise'. Edinburgh: Research Centre for Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 1991.
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Group, NatWest. Making our expertise and strength work for our customers: Annual review and summary financial statement. [S.l.]: NatWest, 1999.
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Creating constitutionalism?: The politics of legal expertise and administrative law in England and Wales. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.
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Petersen, Kay Uwe. Auswirkungen von Cannabiskonsum und -missbrauch: Eine Expertise zu gesundheitlichen und psychosozialen Folgen ; ein systematisches Review der international publizierten Studien von 1996-2006. Lengerich: Pabst, 2007.
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Chubina, Elena. Experts and expert reviews on the pages of literary works. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816459.
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The textbook presents a system of case tasks, the purpose of which is to form a circle of necessary knowledge among students about the nature of expert activity, about the history of the use of special knowledge in legal proceedings, about the variety of existing types of forensic examinations, about the possibilities of using the results of forensic expert activity in law enforcement practice. The tasks are compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education (3++) in the specialty 40.05.03 "Forensic Examination". The presented cases can be used in practical classes in the disciplines "Theory of forensic examination" and "Participation of a specialist in procedural actions". The textbook will also be useful as part of the course "Expertise in judicial proceedings", which is included in the training plan 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence" (bachelor's level), specialty 40.05.01 "Legal support of national security" (specialty level), specialty 40.05.04 "Judicial and prosecutorial activities" (specialty level).
For students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.
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Allsop, Cheryl. Expertise versus Experience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747451.003.0009.
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This chapter debates what forms of expertise can be helpful to cold case reviews. The Specialist Operations Centre, part of the National Crime Agency, can provide specialized help and access to a variety of experts who can support detectives in hard-to-solve major crime investigations, and this chapter will include a discussion on how these forms of expertise are used in investigations. What becomes apparent is that the review team were less likely to use external experts, preferring to draw on their own experience and areas of expertise, as well as that from colleagues from other neighbouring forces.
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National Cancer Institute (U.S.), ed. Share your expertise with us. [Bethesda Md.]: National Cancer Insitute, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "An experting review"
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Zhang, Ju, Yuming Lin, Taoyi Huang, and You Li. "Evaluating Review’s Quality Based on Review Content and Reviewer’s Expertise." In Database Systems for Advanced Applications, 36–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91455-8_4.
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Calmon, Pierre, Alain Lhémery, Isabelle Lecœur-Taïbi, and Raphaële Raillon. "Integrated Models of Ultrasonic Examination for NDT Expertise." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1861–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5947-4_243.
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Byrom, Sheena, Anna Byrom, and Soo Downe. "Transformational Leadership and Midwifery: A Nested Narrative Review." In Essential Midwifery Practice: Leadership, Expertise and Collaborative Working, 23–43. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118784990.ch2.
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Gruszczynski, Lukasz. "Judicial Review of Science-Based Measures Under WTO Law." In The Contestation of Expertise in the European Union, 173–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54367-9_8.
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Rubin, Joan. "The Expert Language Learner: a Review of Good Language Learner Studies and Learner Strategies." In Expertise in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 37–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523470_3.
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Willemsen, Lotte M., Peter C. Neijens, and Fred E. Bronner. "Perceived Expertise vs. Perceived Trustworthiness: The Suppressed Effect of Source Type on Review Attitude." In Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. 2), 423–36. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6854-8_27.
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Sombrowski, Diane. "Zur Bedeutung des peer review als Kernelement der Projektselektion: Die Mitwirkung unabhängiger externer Experten im Auswahlprozess." In Inputevaluation in der europäischen Forschungspolitik, 35–45. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81367-1_5.
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van Dixhoorn, Arjan. "The Claim to Expertise and Doctrinal Authority in the Struggle for Anti-Heresy Policies in the Habsburg Netherlands (1520s–60s)." In Bibliothèque de la Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique, 53–71. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.brhe-eb.5.113401.
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Gehringer, Edward F. "Expertiza." In Monitoring and Assessment in Online Collaborative Environments, 75–96. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-786-7.ch005.
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Educators and accrediting agencies demonstrate a growing awareness that students learn better when they work in groups, and on projects that are more similar to those encountered on the job, where their contributions are used by others to add value to the operations of the enterprise. However, it is very time consuming to assess project work; the only scalable way to accomplish this is to have students assist in the assessment. Expertiza is a system for managing all kinds of communication that is involved in assessment: double-blind communications between authors and reviewers, assessment of teammate contributions, evaluations by course staff, and surveys of students to assess the assignment and the peer-review process. This chapter places Expertiza in context among other electronic peer-review systems, algorithms, and methodologies. It relates the results of three experiments showing that through the peer-review process, students are capable of producing work that can be used as teaching materials in later classes.
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"Research Ethics Expertise." In From Ethical Review to Responsible Research and Innovation, 1–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119318422.ch1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "An experting review"
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Ostergaard, Karen J., William Wetmore, and Joshua D. Summers. "A Methodology for the Study of the Effects of Communication Method on Design Review Effectiveness." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48742.
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It is necessary for product teams with diverse expertise to communicate during the product development process, notably during design reviews. As this expertise may be distributed across different geographic locations of an organization, design review teams are facing new challenges in effective communication. This paper presents the results of a controlled user study devised to examine the effectiveness of various communication methods for design reviews. Speech only, text only, and free communication methods were chosen to simulate current technologies commonly used in situations of geographic distribution. Primary results from the study include: group design reviews were approximately twice as effective as individual design reviews; free communication produced greater perceived effectiveness than speech only communication, speech only communication produced greater perceived effectiveness than text only communication; and certain personality factors, such as extroversion and intuition, may have contributed to higher productivity in design review teams.
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Karimzadehgan, Maryam, ChengXiang Zhai, and Geneva Belford. "Multi-aspect expertise matching for review assignment." In Proceeding of the 17th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1458082.1458230.
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Chatillon, Sylvain. "CAD-based simulation and imaging tools for UT expertise." In The 27th annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1373827.
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Cheng, Pengfei, and Shasha Tian. "Customer Expertise, Involvement and Perceived Online Review Trustworthiness." In ICISDM 2020: 2020 the 4th International Conference on Information System and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3404663.3404666.
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Karimzadehgan, Maryam, and ChengXiang Zhai. "Constrained multi-aspect expertise matching for committee review assignment." In Proceeding of the 18th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646207.
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Mackiewicz, J. "Reviewers’ assertions of expertise in online reviews." In 2008 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipcc.2008.4610218.
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Hauser, Florian, Markus Reiß, Markus Nivala, Jürgen Mottok, and Hans Gruber. "EYE TRACKING APPLIED: VISUAL EXPERTISE IN CODE REVIEWS." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1084.
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Rampisela, Theresia V., Damayanti Elisabeth, and Dana Indra Sensuse. "Characteristics of Expertise Locator System in Academia: A Systematic Literature Review." In 2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isitia49792.2020.9163671.
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Gehringer, Edward, Luke Ehresman, Susan Conger, and Prasad Wagle. "Work in Progress: Reusable Learning Objects Through Peer Review: The Expertiza Approach." In Proceedings. Frontiers in Education. 36th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2006.322542.
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Lee, David E. "An Incremental Review Process for Requirements Verification." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99436.
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An incremental review process for verification of requirements associated with spacecraft is described. Rather than wait for a final, cumulative top-down systems-level review to verify all requirements prior to pre-shipment of a spacecraft, a process has been developed that incrementally verifies requirements at multiple levels of allocation and builds a cumulative collection of verification data products. By reviewing and verifying requirements as early as possible, risks associated with verification are exposed and retired throughout design development and into early integration and test. Verification products such as detailed analyses and end item data packages are generated by the technical experts supporting the spacecraft development effort and are assessed against pertinent requirements to ensure their completeness for verification documentation purposes. The products submitted and approved for verification are tracked and stored in common access areas online to enable verification efforts to proceed across a flight program at multiple levels — subsystems, spacecraft, space segment and system — simultaneously. Thus, changes in personnel and staffing levels during the life of a flight program are managed by enabling assessment expertise to assess verification materials as soon as they are available — instead of waiting potentially for years to be reviewed and perhaps impacting spacecraft shipment and the launch schedule. Details of the Incremental Verification Review (IVR) process are discussed and application of the process to a flight program is presented.
Reports on the topic "An experting review"
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Roquette, João, Hugo Sarmento, Duarte Araújo, and Arne Güllich. The Development of Sport Expertise: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0034.
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Matera, Carola, Magaly Lavadenz, and Elvira Armas. Dialogic Reading and the Development of Transitional Kindergarten Teachers’ Expertise with Dual Language Learners. CEEL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2013.2.
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This article presents highlights of professional development efforts for teachers in Transitional Kindergarten (TK) classrooms occurring throughout the state and through a collaborative effort by researchers from the Center for Equity for English Learners (CEEL) at Loyola Marymount University. The article begins by identifying the various statewide efforts for professional development for TK teachers, followed by a brief review of the literature on early literacy development for diverse learners. It ends with a description of a partnership between CEEL and the Los Angeles Unified School District to provide professional development both in person and online to TK teachers on implementing Dialogic Reading practices and highlights a few of the participating teachers. This article has implications for expanding the reach of professional development for TK teachers through innovative online modules.
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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Alexander V. Graham, and Maha Sohail. Research Expertise and the Framework of Harms: Social Network Analysis, Phase One. GREO, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2020.006.
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In 2019, the Gambling Commission announced a National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms. Underlying the strategy is the Framework of Harms, outlined in Measuring gambling-related harms: A framework for action. "The Framework" adopts a public health approach to address gambling-related harm in Great Britain across multiple levels of measurement. It comprises three primary factors and nine related subfactors. To advance the National Strategy, all componentsneed to be supported by a strong evidence base. This report examines existing research expertise relevant to the Framework amongacademics based in the UK. The aim is to understand the extent to which the Framework factors and subfactors have been studied in order to identify gaps in expertise and provide evidence for decision making thatisrelevant to gambling harms research priorities. A social network analysis identified coauthor networks and alignment of research output with the Framework. The search strategy was limited to peer-reviewed items and covered the 12-year period from 2008 to 2019. Articles were selected using a Web of Science search. Of the 1417 records identified in the search, the dataset was refined to include only those articles that could be assigned to at least one Framework factor (n = 279). The primary factors and subfactors are: Resources:Work and Employment, Money and Debt, Crime;Relationships:Partners, Families and Friends, Community; and Health:Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Mental Health. We used Gephi software to create visualisations reflecting degree centrality (number of coauthor networks) so that each factor and subfactor could be assessed for the density of research expertise and patterns of collaboration among coauthors. The findings show considerable variation by framework factor in the number of authors and collaborations, suggesting a need to develop additional research capacity to address under-researched areas. The Health factor subcategory of Mental Health comprised almost three-quarters of all citations, with the Resources factor subcategory of Money and Debt a distant second at 12% of all articles. The Relationships factor, comprised of two subfactors, accounted for less than 10%of total articles. Network density varied too. Although there were few collaborative networks in subfactors such as Community or Work and Employment, all Health subfactors showed strong levels of collaboration. Further, some subfactors with a limited number of researchers such as Partners, Families, and Friends and Money and debt had several active collaborations. Some researchers’ had publications that spanned multiple Framework factors. These multiple-factor researchers usually had a wide range of coauthors when compared to those who specialised (with the exception of Mental Health).Others’ collaborations spanned subfactors within a factor area. This was especially notable forHealth. The visualisations suggest that gambling harms research expertise in the UK has considerable room to grow in order to supporta more comprehensive, locally contextualised evidence base for the Framework. To do so, priority harms and funding opportunities will need further consideration. This will require multi-sector and multidisciplinary collaboration consistent with the public health approach underlying the Framework. Future research related to the present analysis will explore the geographic distribution of research activity within the UK, and research collaborations with harms experts internationally.
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Grossir, Guillaume. On the design of quiet hypersonic wind tunnels. Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35294/tm57.
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This document presents a thorough literature review on the development of hypersonic quiet tunnels. The concept of boundary layer transition in high-speed flows is presented first. Its consequences on the free-stream turbulence levels in ground facilities are reviewed next, demonstrating that running boundary layers along the nozzle walls must remain laminar for quiet operation. The design key points that enable laminar boundary layers and hypersonic operation with low free-stream noise levels are then identified and discussed. The few quiet facilities currently operating through the world are also presented, along with their design characteristics and performances. The expected characteristics and performances of a European quiet tunnel are also discussed, along with flow characterization methodologies and different measurement techniques. It is finally shown that the required expertise to establish the first European quiet hypersonic wind tunnel is mostly at hand.
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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations: India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave: Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.
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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Mobley, Erin M., Diana J. Moke, Joel Milam, Carol Y. Ochoa, Julia Stal, Nosa Osazuwa, Maria Bolshakova, et al. Disparities and Barriers to Pediatric Cancer Survivorship Care. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb39.
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Objectives. Survival rates for pediatric cancer have dramatically increased since the 1970s, and the population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) exceeds 500,000 in the United States. Cancer during childhood and related treatments lead to long-term health problems, many of which are poorly understood. These problems can be amplified by suboptimal survivorship care. This report provides an overview of the existing evidence and forthcoming research relevant to disparities and barriers for pediatric cancer survivorship care, outlines pending questions, and offers guidance for future research. Data sources. This Technical Brief reviews published peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and Key Informant interviews to answer five Guiding Questions regarding disparities in the care of pediatric survivors, barriers to cancer survivorship care, proposed strategies, evaluated interventions, and future directions. Review methods. We searched research databases, research registries, and published reviews for ongoing and published studies in CCS to October 2020. We used the authors’ definition of CCS; where not specified, CCS included those diagnosed with any cancer prior to age 21. The grey literature search included relevant professional and nonprofit organizational websites and guideline clearinghouses. Key Informants provided content expertise regarding published and ongoing research, and recommended approaches to fill identified gaps. Results. In total, 110 studies met inclusion criteria. We identified 26 studies that assessed disparities in survivorship care for CCS. Key Informants discussed subgroups of CCS by race or ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage that may experience disparities in survivorship care, and these were supported in the published literature. Key Informants indicated that major barriers to care are providers (e.g., insufficient knowledge), the health system (e.g., availability of services), and payers (e.g., network adequacy); we identified 47 studies that assessed a large range of barriers to survivorship care. Sixteen organizations have outlined strategies to address pediatric survivorship care. Our searches identified only 27 published studies that evaluated interventions to alleviate disparities and reduce barriers to care. These predominantly assessed approaches that targeted patients. We found only eight ongoing studies that evaluated strategies to address disparities and barriers. Conclusions. While research has addressed disparities and barriers to survivorship care for childhood cancer survivors, evidence-based interventions to address these disparities and barriers to care are sparse. Additional research is also needed to examine less frequently studied disparities and barriers and to evaluate ameliorative strategies in order to improve the survivorship care for CCS.
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Kelly, Luke. Characteristics of Global Health Diplomacy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.09.
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This rapid review focuses on Global Health Diplomacy and defines it as a method of interaction between the different stakeholders of the public health sector in a bid to promote representation, cooperation, promotion of the right to health and improvement of health systems for vulnerable populations on a global scale. It is the link between health and international relations. GHD has various actors including states, intergovernmental organizations, private companies, public-private partnerships and non-governmental organizations. Foreign policies can be integrated into national health in various ways i.e., designing institutions to govern practices regarding health diplomacy (i.e., health and foreign affairs ministries), creating and promoting norms and ideas that support foreign policy integration and promoting policies that deal with specific issues affecting the different actors in the GHD arena to encourage states to integrate them into their national health strategies. GHD is classified into core diplomacy – where there are bilateral and multilateral negotiations which may lead to binding agreements, multistakeholder diplomacy – where there are multilateral and bilateral negotiations which do not lead to binding agreements and informal diplomacy – which are interactions between other actors in the public health sector i.e., NGOs and Intergovernmental Organizations. The US National Security Strategy of 2010 highlighted the matters to be considered while drafting a health strategy as: the prevalence of the disease, the potential of the state to treat the disease and the value of affected areas. The UK Government Strategy found the drivers of health strategies to be self-interest (protecting security and economic interests of the state), enhancing the UK’s reputation, and focusing on global health to help others. The report views health diplomacy as a field which requires expertise from different disciplines, especially in the field of foreign policy and public health. The lack of diplomatic expertise and health expertise have been cited as barriers to integrating health into foreign policies. States and other actors should collaborate to promote the right to health globally.
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Southwell, Brian, and Vanessa Boudewyns, eds. Curbing the Spread of Misinformation: Insights, Innovations, and Interpretations from the Misinformation Solutions Forum. RTI Press, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0008.1812.
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Although many people now have access to more accumulated information than has ever been the case in human existence, we also now face a moment when the proliferation of misinformation, or false or inaccurate information, poses major challenges. In response to these challenges and to build collaboration across disciplines and expertise and a more effective community of learning and practice, the Rita Allen Foundation partnered with RTI International and the Aspen Institute along with Craig Newmark Philanthropies, Democracy Fund, and Burroughs Wellcome Fund to hold the Misinformation Solutions Forum in October 2018 at the Aspen Institute in Washington, DC. This forum brought together academic researchers, technology professionals, data scientists, journalists, educators, community leaders, funders and a set of graduate student fellows to explore promising ideas for curbing the spread of misinformation. We issued an open call for ideas to be featured in the forum that sought interventions focused on reducing behaviors that lead to the spread of misinformation or encouraging behaviors that can lead to the minimization of its influence. Interventions with technological, educational, and/or community-based components were encouraged, as were projects involving science communication, public health and diverse populations. A panel of expert judges assessed submissions through a blind review process; judges included representatives from the Rita Allen Foundation, as well as external institutions such as the Democracy Fund, the National Institutes of Health, the Poynter Institute, First Draft, and academic institutions. Authors developed the essays presented here based on both original submissions and the iterative collaboration process that ensued.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.