Journal articles: 'Anabaena/Nostoc'

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Rosales Loaiza, Néstor, Patricia Vera, Cateryna Aiello-Mazzarri, and Ever Morales. "COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FOUR STRAINS OF Nostoc AND Anabaena (CYANOBACTERIA, NOSTOCALES) IN RELATION TO SODIUM NITRATE." Acta Biológica Colombiana 21, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v21n2.48883.

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<p>Nitrogen concentration is an essential parameter in cyanobacterial cultures to produce enriched biomass with agricultural purposes. Growth and biochemical composition of Nostoc LAUN0015,Nostoc UAM206, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 was compared at 0, 4.25, 8.5 and 17 mM NaNO3. Cultures under laboratory conditions were maintained for 30 days at a volume of 500 mL. Anabaenasp.1 yielded the highest value of dry mass of 0.26 ± 2.49 mg mL-1 at 8.5 mM NaNO3. For chlorophyll, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were achieved maximum values at 17 mM NaNO3 with 18.09 ± 1.74, 102.90 ± 6.73 and 53.47 ± 2.40 μg mL-1, respectively. Nostoc LAUN0015 produced its maximum value of protein 644.86 ± 19.77 μg mL-1, and 890 mg mL-1 of carbohydrates in the absence of nitrogen. This comparative study shows that the most efficient strain for the production of protein, carbohydrates and lipids in diazotrophic conditions corresponded to Nostoc LAUN0015. However, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 required high concentrations of nitrogen to achieve higher values of metabolites, comparing with Nostoc strains. Nitrogen dependence for the production of pigments and high protein production in strains of Anabaena and in diazotrophic conditions for Nostoc was demonstrated. Nostoc can be cultured under nitrogen deficiency andAnabaena in sufficiency, for mass production of biomass with good nutritional profile.</p>

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of Cyanobacteria Isolates on Rice Seeds Germination in Saline Soil." Baghdad Science Journal 15, no. 1 (March 4, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.15.1.16-21.

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Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic communities which are used in biofertilization of many plants especially rice plant. Cyanobacteria play a vital role to increase the plant's ability for salinity tolerance. Salinity is a worldwide problem which affects the growth and productivity of crops. In this work three cyanobacteria strains (Nostoc calcicola, Anabaena variabilis, and Nostoc linkia) were isolated from saline soil at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate; North Egypt. The propagated cyanobacteria strains were used to withstand salinity of the soil and increase rice plant growth (Giza 178). The length of roots and shoot seedlings was measured for seven and forty days of cultivation, respectively. The results of this investigation showed that the inoculation with Nostoc calcicola, Anabaena variabilis, and Nostoc linkia increased root length by 27.0, 4.0, 3.0 % and 39, 20, 19 % in EC5 and 10 (ds/m), respectively. Similarly, they increased shoot length by 121, 70, 55 %, 116, 88, 82 % in EC5 and 10 (ds/m), respectively. In EC15and more concentrations, control rice plants could not grow while those to which cyanobacteria were inoculated could withstand only EC15 but not other elevated concentrations. These results encourage using Nostoc calcicola,Anabaena variabilis, and Nostoc linkia as biofertilizer for rice plant in the saline soil for increasing growth and decrease soil electrical conductivity.

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Patel, Jignasha G., J. I. Nirmal Kumar, and Shamiyan R. Khan. "Consequences of Environmentally Hazardous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon- Anthracene Treatment on Cyanobacteria." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.11654.

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The study was aimed to determine the chronic toxicity of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon – Anthracene in response to pigments and metabolic study on three different cyanobacterial species such as Synechocystis sp., Anabaena fertilissima, and Nostoc muscorum. Test organisms were treated at different doses and encountered LC50/Mean Lethal Concentration (at which 50% lethality/ growth reduction occur) separately at 7.0 ppm for Synechocystis sp, 5.0 ppm for Anabaena fertilissima and 1.5 ppm for Nostoc muscorum. The influence of anthracene on pigments, metabolites and enzymes was carried out. The test doses caused concentration dependent and decreased pigments like carotenoids and phycobilliproteins. Depletion of carbohydrate by 65 to 80% and proteins by 58 to 78% was encountered with rise in Anthracene concentrations after 16th day exposure in case of Synechocystis sp however, phenols were found to raise by 26 to 37% with increased anthracene concentrations. Similar trend also observed in other two tested blue green algae. Thus the Synechocystis sp.is more tolerant to anthracene treatments as compare to Anabaena fertillissima but Nostoc muscorum showed highest sensitivity to anthracene.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 381-386

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Pereira, Ana L., and Vitor Vasconcelos. "Classification and phylogeny of the cyanobiont Anabaena azollae Strasburger: an answered question?" International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_6 (June 1, 2014): 1830–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059238-0.

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The symbiosis Azolla–Anabaena azollae, with a worldwide distribution in pantropical and temperate regions, is one of the most studied, because of its potential application as a biofertilizer, especially in rice fields, but also as an animal food and in phytoremediation. The cyanobiont is a filamentous, heterocystic cyanobacterium that inhabits the foliar cavities of the pteridophyte and the indusium on the megasporocarp (female reproductive structure). The classification and phylogeny of the cyanobiont is very controversial: from its morphology, it has been named Nostoc azollae, Anabaena azollae, Anabaena variabilis status azollae and recently Trichormus azollae, but, from its 16S rRNA gene sequence, it has been assigned to Nostoc and/or Anabaena , and from its phycocyanin gene sequence, it has been assigned as non-Nostoc and non-Anabaena. The literature also points to a possible co-evolution between the cyanobiont and the Azolla host, since dendrograms and phylogenetic trees of fatty acids, short tandemly repeated repetitive (STRR) analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of nif genes and the 16S rRNA gene give a two-cluster association that matches the two-section ranking of the host (Azolla). Another controversy surrounds the possible existence of more than one genus or more than one species strain. The use of freshly isolated or cultured cyanobionts is an additional problem, since their morphology and protein profiles are different. This review gives an overview of how morphological, chemical and genetic analyses influence the classification and phylogeny of the cyanobiont and future research.

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Syiem, Mayashree B., B. Bashisha Nongbri, A. Pinokiyo, Amrita Bhattacharjee, Natasha A. Nongrum, and Luxemburgh Hynniewta. "Significance of cyanobacterial diversity in different ecological conditions of Meghalaya, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i1.112.

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The present study deals with preliminary investigation of cyanobacterial diversity in Meghalaya. A total of 75 samples were collected from 10 different ecosystems and analyzed. 65 strains of cyanobacteria isolated under 11 genera include Nostoc, Anabaena, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum, Gleocapsa, Fischerella, Plectonema, Tolypothrix, Stigonema, Loriella and Westiellopsis. Nostoc was most abundant. Diversity analysis indicated maximum Shannon’s diversity index (H) in Mawlai. Highest Simpson’s diversity index was seen in Sung Valley (0.75). Both Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity indices were lowest in Mairang. Richness was highest in Sung valley and Syntuksiar with both the sites supporting 17 strains each. Although, highest diversity was recorded from Mawlai, richness recorded at this site was only 11 strains thereby indicating richness need not be a function of diversity in this region. This study revealed the cyanobacterial strains, which can withstand acidic pH and prevail in the region. A study on colonization also identified some potential biofertilizer strains from the region such as Nostoc punctiforme, Nostoc muscurum and Anabaena azollae that could be effective in acidic crop fields.

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Thilak, T. S., P. V. Madhusoodanan, N. S. Pradeep, and R. Prakashkumar. "Isolation and taxonomy of the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), Nostoc and Anabaena in Kerala State, India." Acta Botanica Hungarica 62, no. 1-2 (March 2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.10.

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Blue-green algae (also called cyanobacteria) are ubiquitous, pristine and pioneer photosynthetic microorganisms. Many species of cyanobacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and such species in wet soils are simultaneously augmenting the fertility of the soil, acting as natural bio-fertilizers. Nostoc and Anabaena are the two important genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria capable of contributing nitrogen to soil, especially in paddy fields. The major objectives of the investigation included survey, collection, isolation and pure culture of nitrogen-fixing species of Cyanobacteria in the soils of Kerala state, India. Altogether, pure cultures of 12 species of Nostoc and 5 species of Anabaena are prepared.

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Liengen, Turid. "Environmental factors influencing the nitrogen fixation activity of free-living terrestrial cyanobacteria from a high arctic area, Spitsbergen." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 7 (August 1, 1999): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-040.

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The influence of environmental factors on the nitrogen fixation activity of free-living, terrestrial cyanobacteria from a high arctic area were investigated using experimental manipulations with two different types of field samples, including macroscopic sheets of Nostoc commune and soil samples with a cyanobacterial crust from a Puccinellia salt marsh. In addition, a cultured Anabaena sp. previously isolated from the salt marsh was examined. Nitrogen fixation activity was measured using the acetylene reduction method. The nitrogen fixation mainly took place in the light, but even after 12 h incubation in darkness, low activities were maintained. Phosphorus fertilization stimulated the nitrogen fixation activity, and the highest activities were obtained with about 300 μM phosphate, both in the field samples and the cultured Anabaena sp. Ammonium (28 mM) immediately inhibited the nitrogen fixation activity of the cultured Anabaena sp, whereas 14 mM urea and 540 μM glutamate led to a weaker and slower inhibition of the nitrogen fixation activity, showing that the cultured Anabaena sp. was able to assimilate these combined nitrogen sources. Nitrate did not have any inhibitory effect on nitrogen fixation activity, either in the field samples or in the cultured Anabaena sp. Both the field samples and the cultured Anabaena sp. showed tolerance against sodium chloride concentrations corresponding to the concentration in seawater. The temperature optimum of the nitrogen fixation activity of the cultured Anabaena sp. was about 20°C. Key words: nitrogen fixation, cyanobacteria, Nostoc commune, Anabaena sp., high arctic.

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Zimmerman, William J., and Barry H. Rosen. "Cyanobiont diversity within and among cycads of one field site." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-218.

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Limited diversity was found among cyanobionts from a cultivated population of cycads at a field site in Florida. All isolates were classified as Nostoc but were different from the one Nostoc species found in the soil. These cyanobacteria were root endophytes of several plants of Zamia integrifolia and one of Dioon. The isolates were similar morphologically and in their reactions to four fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated lectins. Electrophoretic protein profiles and zymograms distinguished one cyanobiont and the soil Nostoc. A tenacious Anabaena epiphyte was also discovered inhabiting the surfaces of root nodules. Key words: cyanobacteria, cycad, Nostoc, symbiosis.

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Mian, MH. "Detection of denitrification, by a 15N racer technique, of nitrogen released from azolla and blue-green algae in a flooded soil." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850245.

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Denitrification of nitrogen from applied NH4+ and NO3-, and nitrogen released from Azolla caroliniana, Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum, was studied in a flooded soil. Denitrification did not occur in Azolla-, Anabaena-, Nostoc- or ammonium sulfate-treated soil, incubated at 18� to 25�C, until after 30 days since time was required to develop a surface-oxidized layer where nitrification could first take place. About 32, 45 and 49% of the total nitrogen in Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc was released as mineral-N in 60 days, with 96, 93 and 93% respectively of this being lost as N2. Thus potentially serious losses of nitrogen from Azolla and blue-green algae may be avoided if their incorporated residues in flooded soils are left no longer than 3 weeks before planting a rice crop. Denitrification started within 3 days of incubation in the sodium nitrate-treated soil. About 10 and 75% of the ISN applied as ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate, respectively, was lost as N, in 60 days. In addition, a substantial amount of 15N+4- N was formed from the applied 15NO-3-N (about 9% of the total amount added) in 60 days, indicating that a dissimilatory pathway also existed in this soil.

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Borah, Dharitri, Jayashree Rout, and Nooruddin Thajuddin. "Polyphasic characterization of Nostoc commune (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae) isolated from rice growing agro-ecosystems of Dima Hasao district of Assam, North-East India." Phytotaxa 161, no. 2 (February 24, 2014): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.2.2.

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Two strains of Nostoc commune have been isolated from the soils of two different rice-growing agro-ecosystems, viz. flat and terrace paddy fields of Dima Hasao district of the state of Assam, North-East India. Phenotypic characterization was made for both the strains and their growth, pigments (chlorophyll a, total carotenoid content and phycobiliproteins) and biochemical properties (total carbohydrate and soluble proteins) were studied. Phylogenetic comparison was made utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequences. Both strains presented higher phycocyanin content than other biliprotein pigments. Total carotenoid content (TCC) was higher in the strain isolated from flat paddy field, while the isolate from terrace paddy field was richer in phycobiliproteins. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolated N. commune strains were compared with available sequences of other strains of Nostoc and Anabaena from various geographical locations. Gene sequences were clustered according to their geographical origin, which also reflected the disputed taxonomic position of the Nostocacean genera Nostoc and Anabaena.

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Fuchs, Birgit, Petra Suttner, Sabine Sterner, Robert Wastlhuber, and Eckhard Loos. "Disproportionating Transglycosylase (D-Enzyme) in Green Algae and Cyanobacteria. Partial Purification and Characterization." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1994): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-3-402.

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D-Enzyme (4-a-glucanotransferase, EC 2.4.1.25) from cultured symbiotic Nostoc and Chlorella has been partially purified and characterized. The enzyme catalyzes the disproportionation of maltooligosaccharides and is able to form maltooligosaccharides from soluble starch and D-glucose. The properties of D-enzyme from Nostoc and Chlorella are similar with respect to substrate specificity, KM values and pH dependence, but differ with respect to temperature optimum and molecular weight (40 °C/50 kDa and 50 °C/230 kDa for the enzyme from Nostoc and Chlorella, respectively). D-enzyme activity has been demonstrated also in freeliving Anabaena, Chlorella and Chlamydomonas. Its physiological role in symbiotic Nostoc is briefly discussed

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Rajaniemi, Pirjo, Pavel Hrouzek, Klára Kaštovská, Raphaël Willame, Anne Rantala, Lucien Hoffmann, Jiří Komárek, and Kaarina Sivonen. "Phylogenetic and morphological evaluation of the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Trichormus and Nostoc (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63276-0.

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The heterocytous cyanobacteria form a monophyletic group according to 16S rRNA gene sequence data. Within this group, phylogenetic and morphological studies have shown that genera such as Anabaena and Aphanizomenon are intermixed. Moreover, the phylogeny of the genus Trichormus, which was recently separated from Anabaena, has not been investigated. The aim was to study the taxonomy of the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc and Trichormus belonging to the family Nostocaceae (subsection IV.I) by morphological and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene, rpoB and rbcLX sequences. New strains were isolated to avoid identification problems caused by morphological changes of strains during cultivation. Morphological and phylogenetic data showed that benthic and planktic Anabaena strains were intermixed. In addition, the present study confirmed that Anabaena and Aphanizomenon strains were not monophyletic, as previously demonstrated. The evolutionary distances between the strains indicated that the planktic Anabaena and Aphanizomenon strains as well as five benthic Anabaena strains in cluster 1 could be assigned to a single genus. On the basis of the 16S rRNA, rpoB and rbcLX gene sequences, the Anabaena/Aphanizomenon strains (cluster 1) were divided into nine supported subclusters which could also be separated morphologically, and which therefore might represent different species. Trichormus strains were morphologically and phylogenetically heterogeneous and did not form a monophyletic cluster. These Trichormus strains, which were representatives of three distinct species, might actually belong to three genera according to the evolutionary distances. Nostoc strains were also heterogeneous and seemed to form a monophyletic cluster, which may contain more than one genus. It was found that certain morphological features were stable and could be used to separate different phylogenetic clusters. For example, the width and the length of akinetes were useful features for classification of the Anabaena/Aphanizomenon strains in cluster 1. This morphological and phylogenetic study with fresh isolates showed that the current classification of these anabaenoid genera needs to be revised.

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Beltrame, André B., and Sérgio Florentino Pascholati. "Cianobactérias e algas reduzem os sintomas causados por Tobacco vosaic virus (tmv) em plantas de fumo." Summa Phytopathologica 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052011000200010.

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As algas e as cianobactérias produzem uma grande diversidade de compostos com atividade biológica direta sobre microrganismos ou agem como ativadores de mecanismos de resistência em plantas. Em vista disso, foi investigada a manifestação dos sintomas causados pelo Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) em plantas de fumo previamente tratadas com cianobactérias ou algas. Quando as folhas plantas de fumo foram tratadas dois dias antes da inoculação, foi verificado que suspensões de células dos isolados de cianobactérias 004/02, 008/02, Anabaena sp. e Nostoc sp. 61; e do isolado de alga 061/02, bem como as preparações do conteúdo intracelular do isolado 004/02 (4 C) e do filtrado do meio de cultivo do isolado 061/02 (61 M) apresentaram efeito na redução do número de lesões locais provocadas por TMV em folhas de plantas fumo, cultivar TNN. Além disso, foi observado que os isolados Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp. 21 (cianobactéria), Nostoc sp. 61 e 090/02 (alga) mostraram efeito direto sobre o vírus semi-purificado. Em vista disso, pode-se sugerir que os isolados estudados sintetizam compostos que agem diretamente sobre o TMV e/ou ativam o mecanismo de defesa de plantas contra fitopatógenos.

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Rishi, Vinod, Ravindra Singh, and A. K. Awasthi. "Effects of Cyanobacterial Inoculation on the Growth and Yield of Triticum aestivum L. var. Deva K9117." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 02 (July 31, 2017): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v3i02.10434.

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The exponential growth in human population is become a serious concern in terms of their nutritional requirements. For the solution of this problem several methods and technologies have been adopted like development of high yielding varieties with improved agricultural practices. These varieties require more chemical fertilizers for the maximum production but excessive utilization of these chemical fertilizers may cause the deficiencies and infertility in the agricultural soils. So there is need to replace these chemical fertilizers with biological fertilizers due to their environmental sustainability. The utilization of cyanobacteria as bio-fertilizers are an eco-friendly, easily manageable and self-regenerating process which improve the nutrient status as well as health of soil. In addition to biological nitrogen fixation they also produce several growth promoting substances. During the present investigations we have adopted an experimental research approach to examine the effects of cyanobacteria (inoculation of live Anabaena fertilissima C.B. Rao and Nostoc linckia Bornet ex Bornet and Flahault isolates collected from river Ganga at Kanpur, U.P, India) as bio-fertilizer in Triticum aestivum L. var. Deva K9117 on the basis of average height of plants, weight of grains and number of grains/spike. The observations showed significant changes/improvements in growth and productivity of Triticum aestivum L. var. Deva K9117. The inoculation of Anabaena fertilissima C.B. Rao (100 ml) increased the 19.81% grains/spike, 9.86% weight of grains and 7.91% height of plants while inoculation of Nostoc linckia Bornet ex Bornet and Flahault (100 ml) increased the 19.36% grains/spike, 7.27% weight of grains and 5.64% height of plants over the control. The most considerable finding of the study was the mixture of Anabaena fertilissima C.B. Rao+Nostoc linckia Bornet ex Bornet and Flahault (60:40) increased 24.32% grains/spike, 15.09% weight of grains and 10.09% height of plants over the control.

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Sallal, A. K. J., and N. A. Nimer. "The Presence of Malate Dehydrogenase in Thylakoids of Anabaena cylindrical Nostoc muscorum and Chlorogloeopsis fritschii." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1990): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-3-418.

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Abstract The location of malate dehydrogenase in the cyanobacteria, Anabaena cylindrica, Nostoc muscorum and Chlorogloeopsis fritschii was investigated by the fractionation of cell-free extracts. The bulk of the enzyme activity was associated with the thylakoid membrane fraction, which also exhibited complete photosynthetic electron transport reactions. Malate dehydrogenase activity and photosystem II activities were inhibited by homologous antisera raised against isolated thylakoid membranes.

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Frackowiak, D., L. G. Erokhina, G. Picard, and R. M. Leblanc. "POLARIZED OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PHYCOBILISOMES FROM Anabaena, Nostoc and Synechococcus." Photochemistry and Photobiology 46, no. 2 (August 1987): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04767.x.

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Olufunmilayo, Williams, Janet, and Amaechi, Vivian Chinanza. "Remediaton of pesticide-polluted River using Anabaena and Nostoc spp." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 11, no. 07 (July 2017): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-1107017176.

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Drobac-Cik, Aleksandra, Tamara Dulic, Dejan Stojanovic, and Zorica Svircev. "The importance of extremophile cyanobacteria in the production of biologically active compounds." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 112 (2007): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0712057d.

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Due to their ability to endure extreme conditions, terrestrial cyanobacteria belong to a group of organisms known as "extremophiles". Research so far has shown that these organisms posses a great capacity for producing biologically active compounds (BAC). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extracts of 21 cyanobacterial strains belonging to Anabaena and Nostoc genera, previously isolated from different soil types and water resources in Serbia, were evaluated. In general, larger number of cyanobacterial strains showed antifungal activity. In contrast to Nostoc, Anabaena strains showed greater diversity of antibacterial activity (mean value of percentages of sensitive targeted bacterial strains 3% and 25.9% respectively). Larger number of targeted fungi was sensitive to cultural liquid extract (CL), while crude cell extract (CE) affected more bacterial strains. According to this investigation, the higher biological activity of terrestrial strains as representatives of extremophiles may present them as significant BAC producers. This kind of investigation creates very general view of cyanobacterial possibility to produce biologically active compounds but it points out the necessity of exploring terrestrial cyanobacterial extremophiles as potentially excellent sources of these substances and reveals the most prospective strains for further investigations.

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Bala, Kiran, and Anil Kumar Sinha. "Algal Diversity in the Rice Field of Parsa District (Nepal)." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 7 (October 17, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v7i0.21361.

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Twenty two species of algae were collected from rice field of Parsa district, Nepal and identified and recorded. Three Chlorophyceae, ten heterocystous cyanophceae and nine non-heterocystous cyanophyceae. Oscillatoria was most common in all the three selected rice field. Other species like Nostoc linkia, Anabaena oryzae and Merismopedia elegans have been also found as dominant taxa. Six cyanophyta and two chlorophyta are newly reported for Nepal.

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Yoon, Ho-Sung, Martin H. Lee, Jin Xiong, and James W. Golden. "Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 hetY Gene Influences Heterocyst Development." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 23 (December 1, 2003): 6995–7000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.23.6995-7000.2003.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. strain PCC 7120 responds to starvation for fixed nitrogen by producing a semiregular pattern of nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts. Overexpression of the hetY gene partially suppressed heterocyst formation, resulting in an abnormal heterocyst pattern. Inactivation of hetY increased the time required for heterocyst maturation and caused defects in heterocyst morphology. The 489-bp hetY gene (alr2300), which is adjacent to patS (asl2301), encodes a protein that belongs to a conserved family of bacterial hypothetical proteins that contain an ATP-binding motif.

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Dwivedi, R. K., S. K. Shukla, C. P. Shukla, P. K. Misra, and M. K. Seth. "Cyanophycean Flora 0f Southern Himanchal Pradesh, India." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 15 (June 3, 2009): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v15i0.1939.

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The present paper deals with 37 taxa, 18 genera, 32 species, 4 varieties and 1 forma explored from southern Himanchal Pradesh of India. These taxa are represented by Microcystis, Chroococcus, Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece, Merismopedia, Coelosphaerium, Gomphosphaeria, Stichosiphon, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Pseudanabaena, Cylindrospermum, Anabaena, Nostoc, Nodularia, Fortiea, Calothrix, Anabaenopsis. Out of 37 taxa, 27 are first report from the study area. Key words: Fresh-water, blue-green algae, systematics, southern Himanchal Pradesh, India. doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1939 ECOPRINT 15: 29-36, 2008

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Hashtroudi, Mehri Seyed, Alireza Ghassempour, Hossein Riahi, Zeinab Shariatmadari, and Maryam Khanjir. "Endogenous auxins in plant growth-promoting Cyanobacteria—Anabaena vaginicola and Nostoc calcicola." Journal of Applied Phycology 25, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9872-7.

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Swarnalakshmi, K., D. Dhar, and P. Singh. "Evaluation of blue-green algal inoculation on specific soil parameters." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.3.6.

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The impact of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algal (BGA) strains, namely Anabaena variabilis, Aulosira fertilissima, Nostoc muscorum and Tolypothrix tenuis , was studied at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on specific soil parameters such as microbial populations, pH, EC, redox potential, chlorophyll, dehydrogenase and nitrogenase activity under a rice crop. The inoculation of the soil with BGA strains resulted in higher microbial populations (BGA, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) and had a significant influence on redox potential. A significant increase in soil chlorophyll, dehydrogenase and nitrogenase activity was observed during crop growth due to BGA application.

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Gollan, Peter J., Dorota Muth-Pawlak, and Eva-Mari Aro. "Rapid Transcriptional Reprogramming Triggered by Alteration of the Carbon/Nitrogen Balance Has an Impact on Energy Metabolism in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120." Life 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10110297.

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Nostoc (Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterial species that fixes N2 to nitrogenous compounds using specialised heterocyst cells. Changes in the intracellular ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N balance) is known to trigger major transcriptional reprogramming of the cell, including initiating the differentiation of vegetative cells to heterocysts. Substantial transcriptional analysis has been performed on Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 during N stepdown (low to high C/N), but not during C stepdown (high to low C/N). In the current study, we shifted the metabolic balance of Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 cultures grown at 3% CO2 by introducing them to atmospheric conditions containing 0.04% CO2 for 1 h, after which the changes in gene expression were measured using RNAseq transcriptomics. This analysis revealed strong upregulation of carbon uptake, while nitrogen uptake and metabolism and early stages of heterocyst development were downregulated in response to the shift to low CO2. Furthermore, gene expression changes revealed a decrease in photosynthetic electron transport and increased photoprotection and reactive oxygen metabolism, as well a decrease in iron uptake and metabolism. Differential gene expression was largely attributed to change in the abundances of the metabolites 2-phosphoglycolate and 2-oxoglutarate, which signal a rapid shift from fluent photoassimilation to glycolytic metabolism of carbon after transition to low CO2. This work shows that the C/N balance in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 rapidly adjusts the metabolic strategy through transcriptional reprogramming, enabling survival in the fluctuating environment.

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Koksharova, Olga A., Ivan O. Butenko, Olga V. Pobeguts, Nina A. Safronova, and Vadim M. Govorun. "The First Proteomic Study of Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 Exposed to Cyanotoxin BMAA under Nitrogen Starvation." Toxins 12, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050310.

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The oldest prokaryotic photoautotrophic organisms, cyanobacteria, produce many different metabolites. Among them is the water-soluble neurotoxic non-protein amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), whose biological functions in cyanobacterial metabolism are of fundamental scientific and practical interest. An early BMAA inhibitory effect on nitrogen fixation and heterocyst differentiation was shown in strains of diazotrophic cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 (ATCC 29133), and Nostoc sp. strain 8963 under conditions of nitrogen starvation. Herein, we present a comprehensive proteomic study of Nostoc (also called Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120 in the heterocyst formation stage affecting by BMAA treatment under nitrogen starvation conditions. BMAA disturbs proteins involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolic pathways, which are tightly co-regulated in cyanobacteria cells. The presented evidence shows that exogenous BMAA affects a key nitrogen regulatory protein, PII (GlnB), and some of its protein partners, as well as glutamyl-tRNA synthetase gltX and other proteins that are involved in protein synthesis, heterocyst differentiation, and nitrogen metabolism. By taking into account the important regulatory role of PII, it becomes clear that BMAA has a severe negative impact on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of starving Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 cells. BMAA disturbs carbon fixation and the carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism, photosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Stress response proteins and DNA repair enzymes are upregulated in the presence of BMAA, clearly indicating severe intracellular stress. This is the first proteomic study of the effects of BMAA on diazotrophic starving cyanobacteria cells, allowing a deeper insight into the regulation of the intracellular metabolism of cyanobacteria by this non-protein amino acid.

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Mochimaru, Mari, Hajime Masukawa, Takashi Maoka, Hatem E. Mohamed, Wim F. J. Vermaas, and Shinichi Takaichi. "Substrate Specificities and Availability of Fucosyltransferase and β-Carotene Hydroxylase for Myxol 2′-Fucoside Synthesis in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Compared with Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 20 (August 15, 2008): 6726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01881-07.

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ABSTRACT To elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of carotenoids, especially myxol 2′-glycosides, in cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 (also known as Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120) and Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 deletion mutants lacking selected proposed carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes and GDP-fucose synthase (WcaG), which is required for myxol 2′-fucoside production, were analyzed. The carotenoids in these mutants were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography, field desorption mass spectrometry, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The wcaG (all4826) deletion mutant of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 produced myxol 2′-rhamnoside and 4-ketomyxol 2′-rhamnoside as polar carotenoids instead of the myxol 2′-fucoside and 4-ketomyxol 2′-fucoside produced by the wild type. Deletion of the corresponding gene in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (sll1213; 79% amino acid sequence identity with the Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 gene product) produced free myxol instead of the myxol 2′-dimethyl-fucoside produced by the wild type. Free myxol might correspond to the unknown component observed previously in the same mutant (H. E. Mohamed, A. M. L. van de Meene, R. W. Roberson, and W. F. J. Vermaas, J. Bacteriol. 187:6883-6892, 2005). These results indicate that in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, but not in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, rhamnose can be substituted for fucose in myxol glycoside. The β-carotene hydroxylase orthologue (CrtR, Alr4009) of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 catalyzed the transformation of deoxymyxol and deoxymyxol 2′-fucoside to myxol and myxol 2′-fucoside, respectively, but not the β-carotene-to-zeaxanthin reaction, whereas CrtR from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 catalyzed both reactions. Thus, the substrate specificities or substrate availabilities of both fucosyltransferase and CrtR were different in these species. The biosynthetic pathways of carotenoids in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 are discussed.

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Atugoda, D. R. A. M. T. R., L. L. U. Mandakini, N. J. G. J. Bandara, and D. Gunawardana. "How a Taxonomically-Ambiguous Cyanobiont and Vanadate Assist in the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Azolla pinnata: Implications for CKDu." Environment and Pollution 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ep.v7n1p53.

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We employed scientific tools to investigate the ex situ phytoremediation of cadmium by Azolla pinnata. Azolla pinnata was capable of efficient sequestration of cadmium up to a concentration of 1 ppm, though with a visibly high “physiological cost”. The sequestration of cadmium (1 ppm) was strongly reduced after 24 hours, in Azolla plants pre-treated with the gram-negative antibiotic erythromycin (60 µg/l), suggesting that the cyanobacterial population was important for phytoremediation. Only the co-treatment of 1 ppm cadmium with 1 ppm vanadate, showed significantly higher phytoremediation (P<0.05) compared to the “cadmium+erythromycin” treatment. The phytoremediation of Cadmium by the Azolla-Nostoc symbiosis was significantly (p<0.05) improved by the addition of citrate at 10 ppm in the presence of 1 ppm vanadate, compared to the 1 ppm cadmium only treatment. We hypothesize that citrate acting either as “vanadophores” or working as a cofactor in the Homocitrate Synthase enzyme, facilitates remediation of cadmium. When phylogeny was inferred using Homocitrate Synthases, the cyanobiont was approximated to a taxonomical twilight zone between Nostoc and Anabaena, although showing more proximity to the Anabaena cluster. It is proposed here that the cyanobacterial contribution appears to be crucial for the ability of Azolla pinnata to efficiently remediate cadmium and a “helping hand” appears to be provided by a vanadate dependent mechanism, which is likely to be nitrogen fixation. The association between vanadate-assisted phytoremediation by Azolla pinnata and the heightened bioavailability of vanadium in CKDu endemic areas, could serve as a vital stepping stone in developing a biological solution to CKDu.

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Gleason, Florence K., and Neil E. Olszewski. "Isolation of the Gene for the B12-Dependent Ribonucleotide Reductase from Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 and Expression in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 23 (December 1, 2002): 6544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.23.6544-6550.2002.

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ABSTRACT The gene for ribonucleotide reductase from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli. This gene codes for a 1,172-amino-acid protein that contains a 407-amino-acid intein. The intein splices itself from the protein when it is expressed in E. coli, yielding an active ribonucleotide reductase of 765 residues. The mature enzyme was purified to homogeneity from E. coli extracts. Anabaena ribonucleotide reductase is a monomer with a molecular weight of approximately 88,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Superose 12 column chromatography. The enzyme reduces ribonucleotides at the triphosphate level and requires a divalent cation and a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate effector. The enzyme is absolutely dependent on the addition of the cofactor, 5′-adenosylcobalamin. These properties are characteristic of the class II-type reductases. The cyanobacterial enzyme has limited sequence homology to other class II reductases; the greatest similarity (38%) is to the reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii. In contrast, the Anabaena reductase shows over 90% sequence similarity to putative reductases found in genome sequences of other cyanobacteria, such as Nostoc punctiforme, Synechococcus sp. strain WH8102, and Prochlorococcus marinus MED4, suggesting that the cyanobacterial reductases form a closely related subset of the class II enzymes.

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Canini, A., M. Grilli Caiola, P. Civitareale, and F. Galiazzo. "Superoxide dismutase in symbiotic, free-living and wild Anabaena and Nostoc (Nostocales, Cyanophyta)." Phycologia 31, no. 3-4 (May 1992): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-31-3-4-225.1.

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Kobetičová, Klára, Jana Nábělková, and Václav Kočí. "Identification of biofilm composition covering lime-based materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202067.

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This paper aims at identification of biofilms composition taken from lime and lime-cement plasters. The samples of plasters were exposed to natural weathering for more than three years to weather conditions of Prague as a representative of Central European continental climate. After biofilms sampling, they were cultivated using specific nutrient solutions and analysed using various types of microscopes. It was found, that the plasters were covered mostly by green algae (Hematococcus pluvialis, Klebsormidium sp., Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Chlorellaceae), cyanobacteria (Nostoc, Anabaena, Leptolyngbya, Phormidium, Plectonema, Synechococcales and Oscillatoriale), moulds (Aspergillus niger, Alternaria) and moss (Ceratodon purpureus). Possible influence of these organisms on hygrothermal behaviour of the base materials is subsequently discussed.

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31

Sjöholm, Johannes, Paulo Oliveira, and Peter Lindblad. "Transcription and Regulation of the Bidirectional Hydrogenase in the Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Strain PCC 7120." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 17 (July 13, 2007): 5435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00756-07.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 (Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120) possesses an uptake hydrogenase and a bidirectional enzyme, the latter being capable of catalyzing both H2 production and evolution. The completely sequenced genome of Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 reveals that the five structural genes encoding the bidirectional hydrogenase (hoxEFUYH) are separated in two clusters at a distance of approximately 8.8 kb. The transcription of the hox genes was examined under nitrogen-fixing conditions, and the results demonstrate that the cluster containing hoxE and hoxF can be transcribed as one polycistronic unit together with the open reading frame alr0750. The second cluster, containing hoxU, hoxY, and hoxH, is transcribed together with alr0763 and alr0765, located between the hox genes. Moreover, alr0760 and alr0761 form an additional larger operon. Nevertheless, Northern blot hybridizations revealed a rather complex transcription pattern in which the different hox genes are expressed differently. Transcriptional start points (TSPs) were identified 66 and 57 bp upstream from the start codon of alr0750 and hoxU, respectively. The transcriptions of the two clusters containing the hox genes are both induced under anaerobic conditions concomitantly with the induction of a higher level of hydrogenase activity. An additional TSP, within the annotated alr0760, 244 bp downstream from the suggested translation start codon, was identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with purified LexA from Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 demonstrated specific interactions between the transcriptional regulator and both hox promoter regions. However, when LexA from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 was used, the purified protein interacted only with the promoter region of the alr0750-hoxE-hoxF operon. A search of the whole Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 genome demonstrated the presence of 216 putative LexA binding sites in total, including recA and recF. This indicates that, in addition to the bidirectional hydrogenase gene, a number of other genes, including open reading frames connected to DNA replication, recombination, and repair, may be part of the LexA regulatory network in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120.

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Narayan, Om Prakash. "Iron Starvation-Induced Proteomic Changes in Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC 7120: Exploring Survival Strategy." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (February 2011): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1009.09021.

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Skill, S. C., and R. J. Smith. "Synchronous Akinete Germination and Heterocyst Differentiation in Anabaena PCC 7937 and Nostoc PCC 6720." Microbiology 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-133-2-299.

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Makra, N., G. Gell, A. Juhász, V. Soós, T. Kiss, Z. Molnár, V. Ördög, L. Vörös, and E. Balázs. "Molecular taxonomic evaluation of Anabaena and Nostoc strains from the Mosonmagyaróvár Algal Culture Collection." South African Journal of Botany 124 (August 2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.03.008.

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35

El-Naggar, Amal, Mohamed Osman, Mostafa El-Sheekh, and Maha Makled. "CALCIUM COUNTERACTS THE INHIBITORY EFFECT INDUCED BY SALINITY IN ANABAENA SUBCYLINDRICA AND NOSTOC LINCKIA." Egyptian Journal of Phycology 5, no. 1 (December 28, 2004): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2004.113978.

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BANCROFT, I., and R. J. SMITH. "The isolation of genomic DNA from cyanophage infecting Nostoc and Anabaena species of cyanobacteria." New Phytologist 110, no. 2 (October 1988): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb00257.x.

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Lee, Martin H., Michael Scherer, Sébastien Rigali, and James W. Golden. "PlmA, a New Member of the GntR Family, Has Plasmid Maintenance Functions in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 15 (August 1, 2003): 4315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.15.4315-4325.2003.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. strain PCC 7120 maintains a genome that is divided into a 6.4-Mb chromosome, three large plasmids of more that 100 kb, two medium-sized plasmids of 55 and 40 kb, and a 5.5-kb plasmid. Plasmid copy number can be dynamic in some cyanobacterial species, and the genes that regulate this process have not been characterized. Here we show that mutations in an open reading frame, all1076, reduce the numbers of copies per chromosome of several plasmids. In a mutant strain, plasmids pCC7120δ and pCC7120ζ are both reduced to less than 50% of their wild-type levels. The exogenous pDU1-based plasmid pAM1691 is reduced to less than 25% of its wild-type level, and the plasmid is rapidly lost. The peptide encoded by all1076 shows similarity to members of the GntR family of transcriptional regulators. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a new domain topology within the GntR family. PlmA homologs, all coming from cyanobacterial species, form a new subfamily that is distinct from the previously identified subfamilies. The all1076 locus, named plmA, regulates plasmid maintenance functions in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120.

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Dash, Sidhartha Kumar, Jitendra Kumar Pandey, Mrutyunjay Jena, and Basanti Biswal. "Effect of Heat Stress and the Recovery Potential of Heterocystous Cyanobacterium, Anabaena iyengarii Bharadwaja 1935." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 2467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.4.24.

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Cyanobacteria, the major photosynthetic organisms, cover a large surface area of this planet. These organisms, being photosynthetic, have the capacity for sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a significant greenhouse gas that causes global warming. In this work, we have collected, developed pure culture, and identified 25 cyanobacterial species from semi arid agricultural rice fields of western Odisha with the high-temperature environmental setting. The purpose was to screen the cyanobacteria that can survive and grow at high temperatures with high photosynthetic efficiency. Cyanobacteria belong to genera Nostoc, Anabaena, Calothrix, and Hapalosiphon are observed to survive at 45°C. Among the cyanobacterial species, Anabaena iyengarii 17-SKD-2014 was found to exhibit higher growth, protein content, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic O2 evolution at 45°C in comparison to other cyanobacterial isolates. Further, this cyanobacterium was grown at 50°C to analyze the cellular viability, and only up to ninth day incubated culture could recover from high-temperature stress after transferring to 25°C. Even though this indigenous cyanobacterial species failed to survive at 50°C in the laboratory conditions beyond a time limit, but this could be biotechnologically manipulated for effective carbon dioxide sequestration contributing to minimization of global warming.

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El-Sheekh, M. M., W. A. El-Shouny, M. E. Osman, and E. W. El-Gammal. "Treatment of sewage and industrial wastewater effluents by the cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena subcylinderica." Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 36, no. 4 (July 2014): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063455x14040079.

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Jaiswal, Pranita, Radha Prasanna, and Ajai Kumar Kashyap. "Modulation of carbonic anhydrase activity in two nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, Nostoc calcicola and Anabaena sp." Journal of Plant Physiology 162, no. 10 (October 2005): 1087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.03.006.

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Klint, Johan, Ulla Rasmussen, and Birgitta Bergman. "FtsZ may have dual roles in the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc/Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120." Journal of Plant Physiology 164, no. 1 (January 2007): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.08.021.

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Bancroft, I., and R. J. Smith. "An Analysis of Restriction Endonuclease Sites in Cyanophages Infecting the Heterocystous Cyanobacteria Anabaena and Nostoc." Journal of General Virology 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-69-3-739.

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Caudales, R., and J. M. Wells. "Differentiation of Free-Living Anabaena and Nostoc Cyanobacteria on the Basis of Fatty Acid Composition." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 42, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-42-2-246.

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BANCROFT, I., and R. J. SMITH. "Restriction mapping of genomic DNA from five cyanophages infecting the heterocystous cyanobacteria Nostoc and Anabaena." New Phytologist 113, no. 2 (October 1989): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb04702.x.

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Henson, Brian J., Linda E. Watson, and Susan R. Barnum. "Molecular Differentiation of the Heterocystous Cyanobacteria, Nostoc and Anabaena , Based on Complete Nif D Sequences." Current Microbiology 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0111-8.

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Li, Lih-Ann, L. Janet, Gibson, and F. Robert Tabita. "The Rubisco activase (rca) gene is located downstream from rbcS in Anabaena sp. strain CA and is detected in other Anabaena/Nostoc strains." Plant Molecular Biology 21, no. 5 (March 1993): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00027109.

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Mallick, Ranjana. "Implication of blue green algae on yield attributes and economics of rice cultivation." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 06 (June 1, 2017): 5386. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.06.001.

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Indian agriculture is presently at cross roads as it has to increase output at one hand and has to take care of environmental aspects on the other hand. Rice cultivation is also facing the same dilemma. Use of blue green algae as bio fertilizer is one possible way to minimize application of synthetic fertilizers which have far reaching implications on environment and health. Present research study was formulated to screen most suitable combination of different species of cyanobacteria on yield attribute of Vandana variety of rice grown in Hazaribagh district. Three species of cyanobacteria, Anabaena + Nostoc + Gloeotrichia was studied and was compared with controlled condition and condition with conventional fertilization. It was observed that combination of biofertilizer gives better result on all parameters when compared to conventional fertilizer.

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Liengen, Turid. "Conversion factor between acetylene reduction and nitrogen fixation in free-living cyanobacteria from high arctic habitats." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-219.

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The conversion factor between acetylene reduction and15N incorporation in free-living cyanobacteria was determined in different high arctic habitats in the area of Ny-Ålesund (78.5°N, 11.6°E), Spitsbergen, in the summer of 1994. The experiments were carried out under constant conditions, 19°C and 200 µE·m-2·s-1. The nitrogen-fixation activities, measured as15N-incorporation, were in the range 4.01-6.54 mg N2fixed·gdw-1·day-1(dw, dry weight) in sheets of Nostoc commune and 778-1206 mg N2fixed·m-2·day-1in the cyanobacterial crusts. The acetylene reduction activities were in the range 0.72-1.91 mg ethylene produced·gdw-1·day-1of N. commune and 12.8-63.7 mg ethylene produced·m-2·day-1in the cyanobacterial crusts. The conversion factor of N. commune ranged from 0.11 to 0.48 for ethylene produced to nitrogen fixed, whereas the cyanobacterial crusts covering the soil surface gave conversion factors in the range 0.022-0.073 for ethylene produced to nitrogen fixed. An Anabaena sp., isolated from one of the habitats investigated, gave conversion factors near the theoretical factor of 4, when determined at 14.0 and 17.3°C. It was concluded that the acetylene reduction activity of free-living cyanobacteria in high arctic habitats results in underestimates of the real nitrogen-fixation activity in these environments.Key words: nitrogen fixation, acetylene reduction, conversion factor, cyanobacteria, Nostoc commune, high arctic.

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Scherzinger, Daniel, Sandra Ruch, Daniel P. Kloer, Annegret Wilde, and Salim Al-Babili. "Retinal is formed from apo-carotenoids in Nostoc sp. PCC7120: in vitro characterization of an apo-carotenoid oxygenase." Biochemical Journal 398, no. 3 (August 29, 2006): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060592.

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The sensory rhodopsin from Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC7120 is the first cyanobacterial retinylidene protein identified. Here, we report on NosACO (Nostoc apo-carotenoid oxygenase), encoded by the ORF (open reading frame) all4284, as the candidate responsible for the formation of the required chromophore, retinal. In contrast with the enzymes from animals, NosACO converts β-apo-carotenals instead of β-carotene into retinal in vitro. The identity of the enzymatic products was proven by HPLC and gas chromatography–MS. NosACO exhibits a wide substrate specificity with respect to chain lengths and functional end-groups, converting β-apo-carotenals, (3R)-3-hydroxy-β-apo-carotenals and the corresponding alcohols into retinal and (3R)-3-hydroxyretinal respectively. However, kinetic analyses revealed very divergent Km and Vmax values. On the basis of the crystal structure of SynACO (Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 apo-carotenoid oxygenase), a related enzyme showing similar enzymatic activity, we designed a homology model of the native NosACO. The deduced structure explains the absence of β-carotene-cleavage activity and indicates that NosACO is a monotopic membrane protein. Accordingly, NosACO could be readily reconstituted into liposomes. To localize SynACO in vivo, a Synechocystis knock-out strain was generated expressing SynACO as the sole carotenoid oxygenase. Western-blot analyses showed that the main portion of SynACO occurred in a membrane-bound form.

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Hashtroudi, Mehri Seyed, Zeinab Shariatmadari, Hossein Riahi, and Alireza Ghassempour. "Analysis of Anabaena vaginicola and Nostoc calcicola from Northern Iran, as rich sources of major carotenoids." Food Chemistry 136, no. 3-4 (February 2013): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.055.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Anabaena/Nostoc'

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