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1

Sipahiler, Füsun. "Anabolia anatolica sp. n., a New Species of Genus Anabolia Stephens (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) from Southern Anatolia." Aquatic Insects 23, no. 2 (2001): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/aqin.23.2.135.4922.

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2

Deng, Zhen, Haoming Zang, Meng Wang, and Changhai Sun. "The larva and pupa of Anabolia appendix (Ulmer 1905) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from China." Zootaxa 5529, no. 1 (2024): 93–109. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5529.1.4.

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Deng, Zhen, Zang, Haoming, Wang, Meng, Sun, Changhai (2024): The larva and pupa of Anabolia appendix (Ulmer 1905) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from China. Zootaxa 5529 (1): 93-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5529.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5529.1.4
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3

Wolf, Klaus Werner, Karel Novák, and František Marec. "Chromosome structure in spermatogenesis of Anabolia furcata (Trichoptera)." Genome 35, no. 1 (1992): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-008.

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The structure of metaphase chromosomes was analysed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of the caddis-fly, Anabolia furcata (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), using ultrathin serial sections and electron microscopy. In metaphase spermatogonia, about 40% of the chromosomal length was covered with a compact kinetochore plate. Subjectively estimated, secondary spermatocytes were not significantly different in this respect. However, in primary spermatocytes, each bivalent showed four kinetochores, two at each poleward surface, connected with the chromosome. The kinetochores were not located at the chrom
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4

Berté, Stephen B., and Gordon Pritchard. "The life histories of Limnephilus externus Hagen, Anabolia bimaculata (Walker), and Nemotaulius hostilis (Hagen) (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in a pond in southern Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 10 (1986): 2348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-350.

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Limnephilus externus and Anabolia bimaculata are caddisflies that typically inhabit temporary pools, while Nemotaulius hostilis is a species that inhabits permanent pools. In a permanent pond with a fluctuating water level, both groups could be accommodated. The temporary-pool species laid egg masses on the ground above the water level in late summer. Larvae hatched in the autumn but remained in the masses until submersed by the rising water in the spring. Larvae grew at rates faster than those for any permanent-water trichopteran studied to date. Limnephilus externus adults emerged through Au
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5

Borisova, N. V., A. B. Ruchin, A. A. Khapugin, and G. B. Semishin. "Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Composition of Trichopterofauna from Two Protected Areas (Republic of Mordovia, Russia)." Биология внутренних вод, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0320965223010023.

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The fauna of caddisflies was studied from two protected areas of federal significance such as Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Temnikov district, Republic of Mordovia) and National Park “Smolny” (Ichalki district and Bolshoe Ignatovo district, Republic of Mordovia). The material was collected from May to October 2008, 2009, 2013–2021. There were 677 specimens from 59 caddisfly species from 12 families. The largest family Limnephilidae includes 29 species, there were 9 species each in the families Phryganeidae and Leptoceridae. Limnephilus sericeus and Holocentropus dubius dominated in the collec
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6

Jacobsen, Dean. "Food preference of the caddis larva Anabolia nervosa feeding on aquatic macrophytes." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 4 (1994): 2478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900673.

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7

DENG, ZHEN, HAOMING ZANG, MENG WANG, and CHANGHAI SUN. "The larva and pupa of Anabolia appendix (Ulmer 1905) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from China." Zootaxa 5529, no. 1 (2024): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5529.1.4.

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Adult females from the town of Xin-si, Ding-xi County, Gan-su Province, as well as larvae and pupae from Tian-jun and Qi-lian Counties, Hai-bei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qing-hai Province, were examined, and their COI sequences were extracted and analyzed. Adult females were identified as Anabolia appendix (Ulmer 1905) and were associated with larvae and pupae by their COI sequences. The larva and pupa of A. appendix are described and diagnosed for the first time and morphological photos of the larva and pupa of A. appendix are also provided. All the COI sequences have been uploaded to Ge
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8

Peirson, Daniel S. J., and Jeffrey M. Marcus. "The complete mitochondrial genome of the North American caddisfly Anabolia bimaculata (Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2, no. 2 (2017): 595–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2017.1372728.

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9

Jacobsen, Dean, and Nikolai Friberg. "Food preference of the trichopteran larva Anabolia nervosa from two streams with different food availability." Hydrobiologia 308, no. 2 (1995): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00007399.

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10

SKUJA, AGNIJA. "Microhabitat preference of caddisfly (Trichoptera) communities in a medium-sized lowland stream in Latvia." Zoosymposia 5, no. 1 (2011): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.36.

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The microhabitat preference of caddisfly (Trichoptera) communities was studied in 8 types of microhabitats in a fast-flowing, medium-sized, lowland stream in Latvia. A total 36 caddisfly taxa belonging to 14 families were recorded in microhabitat samples. A PCA biplot of caddisfly taxa abundance in microhabitats showed 3 distinct caddisfly taxa groups: depositional [Limnephilidae Gen. sp., Anabolia laevis (Zetterstedt) and Lasiocephala basalis (Kolenati)], lithal [Agapetus ochripes Curtis and Psychomyia pusilla (Fabricius)], and submerged macrophyte and water moss caddisfly microhabitat commun
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11

Vshivkova, T. S. "BIODIVERSITY OF CADDISFLES (INSECTA, TRICHOPTERA) THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION." Vladimir Ya. Levanidov’s Biennial Memorial Meetings 10 (June 21, 2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/levanidov.10.05.

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A review of the study of Trichoptera in the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAO) from 1962 to the present is given. It is noted that a signifi cant increase in the list of species occurred in the early 2000s as a result of expeditions of the Federal Scientifi c Center for Biodiversity of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the JAO, and during entomological studies in the Bastak State Nature Reserve. From 2018 to the present, as part of the annual comprehensive studies of the freshwater biota of the Middle Amur River basin, knowledge of the fauna of the caddis fl ies of the J
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12

Kopera, H. "The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids." Acta Endocrinologica 110, no. 3_Suppla (1985): S11—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.109s00011.

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Metabolism is the term employed to embrace the various physical and chemical processes occurring within the tissues upon which the growth and heat production of the body depend and from which the energy for muscular activity, for the maintenance of vital activity and for the maintenance of vital functions is derived (Best & Taylor 1950). The destructive processes by which complex substances are converted by living cells into more simple compounds are called catabolism. Anabolism denotes the constructive processes by which simple substances are converted by living cells into more complex co
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13

Rennie, Michael J. "Control of Muscle Protein Synthesis as a Result of Contractile Activity and Amino Acid Availability: Implications for Protein Requirements." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 11, s1 (2001): S170—S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.11.s1.s170.

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The major anabolic influences on muscle are feeding and contractile activity. As a result of feeding, anabolism occurs chiefly by increases in protein synthesis with minor changes in protein breakdown. Insulin has a permissive role in increasing synthesis, but the availability of amino acids is crucial for net anabolism. We have investigated the role of amino acids in stimulating muscle protein synthesis, the synergy between exercise and amino acid availability, and some of the signaling elements involved. The results suggest that muscle is acutely sensitive to amino acids, that exercise proba
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14

Kim, Taegyun, Haebeen Choi, Taeyoung Yoon, and Chanhee Kang. "Abstract 2971: A cytosolic growth factor receptor serves as a convergent core of condensates for anabolic activity in cancer and senescence." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2971.

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Abstract Anabolic activity, driven by growth factor signaling, is essential for cellular activities, including cell growth, proliferation, and protein synthesis. Dysregulation of growth factor signaling has been implicated in numerous human pathological conditions, including cancer and aging. Interestingly, cancer cells and senescent cells - two completely different cell fates - are reported to have an increased anabolic activity. Here, we show endosomal condensation of a growth factor receptor as a molecular switch for such anabolic enhancement. Endosomal condensates of a growth factor recept
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15

Soliman, Gamal, and Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos. "Anabolic Steroids and Malnutrition in Chronic Renal Failure." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 14, no. 4 (1994): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089401400409.

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Objective To determine whether anabolic steroids are useful in the management of the malnutrition of chronic renal failure. Data Source Original research studies and book chapters about anabolic steroids and their use in uremia and various illnesses associated with malnutrition. We included studies that describe the benefits of anabotic steroids in the treatment of anemia and sexual dysfunction of chronic renal failure. Forty-two such studies were published between 1942 and 1992. Results Anabolic steroids improve the nutritional status and sexual dysfunction of uremic men. In addition, anaboli
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16

MÓRA, ARNOLD, ILDIKÓ SZIVÁK, CSABA DEÁK, et al. "Environmental factors influencing the distribution of EPT assemblages in streams of Lake Balaton’s catchment area, Hungary." Zoosymposia 5, no. 1 (2011): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.28.

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Lake Balaton is the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. A large part of its catchment area is a reputable and popular tourism area, where the quality of surface waters is in the center of public and scientific interest. The inflows of Lake Balaton are vulnerable, due to the strong human activity upstream. Despite their significance, the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of these inflow streams are poorly known. In the summer of 2008, we investigated the distributional pattern of EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) assemblages, and their relationships with selected physico-chem
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17

Berlanga-Acosta, Jorge, Angel Abreu-Cruz, Diana García-del Barco Herrera, et al. "Synthetic Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides (GHRPs): A Historical Appraisal of the Evidences Supporting Their Cytoprotective Effects." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 11 (January 1, 2017): 117954681769455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179546817694558.

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Background: Growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) constitute a group of small synthetic peptides that stimulate the growth hormone secretion and the downstream axis activity. Mounting evidences since the early 1980s delineated unexpected pharmacological cardioprotective and cytoprotective properties for the GHRPs. However, despite intense basic pharmacological research, alternatives to prevent cell and tissue demise before lethal insults have remained as an empty niche in the clinical armamentarium. Here, we have rigorously reviewed the investigational development of GHRPs and their clinic
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18

Dardevet, Dominique, Didier Rémond, Marie-Agnès Peyron, Isabelle Papet, Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux, and Laurent Mosoni. "Muscle Wasting and Resistance of Muscle Anabolism: The “Anabolic Threshold Concept” for Adapted Nutritional Strategies during Sarcopenia." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/269531.

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Skeletal muscle loss is observed in several physiopathological situations. Strategies to prevent, slow down, or increase recovery of muscle have already been tested. Besides exercise, nutrition, and more particularly protein nutrition based on increased amino acid, leucine or the quality of protein intake has generated positive acute postprandial effect on muscle protein anabolism. However, on the long term, these nutritional strategies have often failed in improving muscle mass even if given for long periods of time in both humans and rodent models. Muscle mass loss situations have been often
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19

Mitchell, W. Kyle, Bethan E. Phillips, John P. Williams, et al. "The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 309, no. 5 (2015): E450—E457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00112.2015.

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Essential amino acids (EAA) are responsible for skeletal muscle anabolic effects after nutrient intake. The pattern of appearance of EAA in blood, e.g., after intake of “slow” or “fast” protein sources or in response to grazing vs. bolus feeding patterns, may impact anabolism. However, the influence of this on muscle anabolism is poorly understood, particularly in older individuals. We determined the effects of divergent feeding profiles of EAA on blood flow, anabolic signaling, and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in older men. Sixteen men (∼70 yr) consumed EAA either as a single dose (bolus, 1
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20

Sheffield-Moore, Melinda, Robert R. Wolfe, Dennis C. Gore, Steven E. Wolf, Dennis M. Ferrer, and Arny A. Ferrando. "Combined effects of hyperaminoacidemia and oxandrolone on skeletal muscle protein synthesis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 278, no. 2 (2000): E273—E279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.2.e273.

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We investigated whether the normal anabolic effects of acute hyperaminoacidemia were maintained after 5 days of oxandrolone (Oxandrin, Ox)-induced anabolism. Five healthy men [22 ± 3 (SD) yr] were studied before and after 5 days of oral Ox (15 mg/day). In each study, a 5-h basal period was followed by a 3-h primed-continuous infusion of a commercial amino acid mixture (10% Travasol). Stable isotopic data from blood and muscle sampling were analyzed using a three-compartment model to calculate muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Model-derived muscle protein synthesis increased after amino a
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21

Hung, Man-Hsin, Ching Wen Chang, Kathy Cheng Wang, et al. "Abstract 3683: Activation of purine anabolism creates a therapeutic vulnerability in hepatocellular carcinoma via m6A-mediated epitranscriptomic regulation." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 3683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3683.

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Abstract Introduction Purines are building blocks for genomics and the abundance of purine nucleotides is controlled by purine synthesis and purine degradation. Imbalance of purine nucleotide pool in tumors has been shown, but how synthesis and degradation of purine integrates in tumors has not been well characterized. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer with a high mortality rate and limited treatments. Aberrant purine metabolism was observed in HCC, but the functional status of global purine metabolism in HCC and how that drive HCC fitness and therapeutic response
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22

Mitchell, Cameron J., Randall F. D'Souza, Vandre C. Figueiredo, et al. "Effect of dietary arachidonic acid supplementation on acute muscle adaptive responses to resistance exercise in trained men: a randomized controlled trial." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 4 (2018): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01100.2017.

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Arachidonic acid (ARA), a polyunsaturated ω-6 fatty acid, acts as precursor to a number of prostaglandins with potential roles in muscle anabolism. It was hypothesized that ARA supplementation might enhance the early anabolic response to resistance exercise (RE) by increasing muscle protein synthesis (MPS) via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation and/or the late anabolic response by modulating ribosome biogenesis and satellite cell expansion. Nineteen men with ≥1 yr of resistance-training experience were randomized to consume either 1.5 g daily ARA or a corn-soy-oil placebo
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Bashiruddin, Nasir K., Mikihito Hayashi, Masanobu Nagano, et al. "Development of cyclic peptides with potent in vivo osteogenic activity through RaPID-based affinity maturation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (2020): 31070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012266117.

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Osteoporosis is caused by a disequilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation. Therapeutics for osteoporosis can be divided into antiresorptives that suppress bone resorption and anabolics which increase bone formation. Currently, the only anabolic treatment options are parathyroid hormone mimetics or an anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody. With the current global increases in demographics at risk for osteoporosis, development of therapeutics that elicit anabolic activity through alternative mechanisms is imperative. Blockade of the PlexinB1 and Semaphorin4D interaction on osteoblasts
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He, Shuqi, Xingpeng Chen, Zilong Zhang, Zhaoyue Wang, and Mengran Hu. "The Exploration of Urban Material Anabolism Based on RS and GIS Methods: Case Study in Jinchang, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030370.

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As an open artificial ecosystem, the development of a city requires the continuous input and output of material and energy, which is called urban metabolism, and includes catabolic (material-flow) and anabolic (material-accumulation) processes. Previous studies have focused on the catabolic and ignored the anabolic process due to data and technology problems. The combination of remote-sensing technology and high-resolution satellite images facilitates the estimation of cumulative material amounts in urban systems. This study focused on persistent accumulation, which is the metabolic response o
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Shuvalov, Oleg, Yulia Kirdeeva, Elizaveta Fefilova, et al. "20-Hydroxyecdysone Boosts Energy Production and Biosynthetic Processes in Non-Transformed Mouse Cells." Antioxidants 13, no. 11 (2024): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111349.

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20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is an arthropod steroid hormone that possesses a number of beneficial pharmacological activities in humans, including anabolic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and antineoplastic properties, etc. While several studies have explored the anabolic activity of 20E in muscle cells, they have concentrated on its effects on myofibril size, protein biosynthesis intensity, and myostatin expression, without assessing energy metabolism. In this research, we have demonstrated that 20E boosts both catabolism and anabolism, coupling en
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26

Jonker, Renate, Mariëlle P. K. J. Engelen, and Nicolaas E. P. Deutz. "Role of specific dietary amino acids in clinical conditions." British Journal of Nutrition 108, S2 (2012): S139—S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002358.

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In a variety of chronic and acute disease states, alterations in protein synthesis, breakdown and protein turnover rates occur that are related to the loss of body protein and skeletal muscle wasting. A key observation is the stimulation of protein breakdown in muscle and the stimulation of protein synthesis in the splanchnic area; mainly liver. An altered splanchnic extraction of amino acids as well as an anabolic resistance to dietary protein, related to stress, disuse and aging play a key role in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in these conditions. To overcome these factors, specific die
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B K, Yashaswini, Seema Pradeep, Suresh Janadri, Rachana K L, and Varuni B G. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SOURCE PLANTS OF DUGDHIKA (EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN. AND EUPHORBIA THYMIFOLIA LINN.) FOR ANABOLIC ACTIVITY: AN IN VIVO STUDY." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 6 (2020): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1106201.

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Rajakshavaka a drug, mentioned in Brimhaniya Maha Kashaya Gana of Charaka is mentioned as Dugdhika by Chakrapani in his commentary and in Bhava Prakasha KC Chunekar commentary, 4 sources are mentioned for the same. Among 4 sources only 2 sources are locally available i.e., Euphorbia hirta Linn and Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. These 2 sources were selected to evaluate Brimhana (Anabolic) action experimentally to understand the better source plant for Dugdhika among locally available sources. The objective of the Study is to experimentally evaluate the drug Dugdhika (Europhobia hirta Linn. Europho
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Murton, Andrew J. "Muscle protein turnover in the elderly and its potential contribution to the development of sarcopenia." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 74, no. 4 (2015): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665115000130.

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The underlying aetiology of sarcopenia appears multifaceted and not yet fully defined, but ultimately involves the gradual loss of muscle protein content over time. The present evidence suggests that the loss of lean tissue in the elderly is exacerbated by low dietary protein intake. Moreover, acute stable-isotope-based methodologies have demonstrated that the muscle anabolic response to a given amount of protein may decline with age, a phenomenon that has been termed anabolic resistance. Although the mechanism responsible for the inability of muscle to mount a satisfactory anabolic response t
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29

Toth, Michael J., Martin M. LeWinter, Philip A. Ades, and Dwight E. Matthews. "Impaired muscle protein anabolic response to insulin and amino acids in heart failure patients: relationship with markers of immune activation." Clinical Science 119, no. 11 (2010): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20100110.

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Patients with chronic HF (heart failure) experience muscle atrophy during the course of the disease. The mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy in HF, however, are not understood. Thus we evaluated leg phenylalanine balance and kinetics in HF patients and controls following a brief fast (24 h) and under euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic–hyperaminoacidaemic conditions to determine whether HF increases muscle protein catabolism in response to nutritional deprivation and/or diminishes the anabolic response to meal-related stimuli (insulin and amino acids) and whether alterations in protein metabolism c
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30

Abou Sawan, Sidney, Michael Mazzulla, Daniel R. Moore, and Nathan Hodson. "More than just a garbage can: emerging roles of the lysosome as an anabolic organelle in skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 319, no. 3 (2020): C561—C568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00241.2020.

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Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue capable of remodeling in response to a range of physiological stimuli, including nutrients and exercise. Historically, the lysosome has been considered an essentially catabolic organelle contributing to autophagy, phagocytosis, and exo-/endocytosis in skeletal muscle. However, recent evidence has emerged of several anabolic roles for the lysosome, including the requirement for autophagy in skeletal muscle mass maintenance, the discovery of the lysosome as an intracellular signaling hub for mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation,
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Ziadlou, Reihane, Andrea Barbero, Ivan Martin, et al. "Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Epimedin C in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes." Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (2020): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060932.

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In osteoarthritis (OA), inhibition of excessively expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines in the OA joint and increasing the anabolism for cartilage regeneration are necessary. In this ex-vivo study, we used an inflammatory model of human OA chondrocytes microtissues, consisting of treatment with cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β)/tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) with or without supplementation of six herbal compounds with previously identified chondroprotective effect. The compounds were assessed for their capacity to modulate the key catabolic and anabolic factors using several molecular analyse
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32

Tipton, Kevin D., Tabatha A. Elliott, Arny A. Ferrando, Asle A. Aarsland, and Robert R. Wolfe. "Stimulation of muscle anabolism by resistance exercise and ingestion of leucine plus protein." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no. 2 (2009): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-006.

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Leucine is known to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and anabolism. However, evidence for the efficacy of additional leucine to enhance the response of muscle anabolism to resistance exercise and protein ingestion is unclear. Thus, we investigated the response of net muscle protein balance to ingestion of additional leucine with protein in association with resistance exercise. Two groups of untrained subjects performed an intense bout of leg resistance exercise following ingestion of 1 of 2 drinks: flavored water (PL); or 16.6 g of whey protein + 3.4 g of leucine (W+L). Arteriovenous amino a
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33

Ebenhöh, Oliver, Josha Ebeling, Ronja Meyer, Fabian Pohlkotte, and Tim Nies. "Microbial Pathway Thermodynamics: Stoichiometric Models Unveil Anabolic and Catabolic Processes." Life 14, no. 2 (2024): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14020247.

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The biotechnological exploitation of microorganisms enables the use of metabolism for the production of economically valuable substances, such as drugs or food. It is, thus, unsurprising that the investigation of microbial metabolism and its regulation has been an active research field for many decades. As a result, several theories and techniques were developed that allow for the prediction of metabolic fluxes and yields as biotechnologically relevant output parameters. One important approach is to derive macrochemical equations that describe the overall metabolic conversion of an organism an
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34

Klein, Gordon L. "The Role of Bone in Muscle Wasting." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010392.

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This review describes the role of bone resorption in muscle atrophy as well as in muscle protein anabolism. Both catabolic and anabolic pathways involve components of the proinflammatory cytokine families and release of factors stored in bone during resorption. The juxtaposition of the catabolic and anabolic resorption-dependent pathways raises new questions about control of release of factors from bone, quantity of release in a variety of conditions, and relation of factors released from bone. The catabolic responses involve release of calcium from bone into the circulation resulting in incre
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35

Zdanowicz, Martin M. "Use of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 for Treatment of Tissue Wasting in Catabolic Conditions." Hospital Pharmacy 35, no. 2 (2000): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870003500219.

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Trauma, surgery, burn injury, sepsis, prolonged bed rest, cancer, and AIDS are examples of catabolic states that can lead to a significant loss of lean body tissues and skeletal muscle. The physiologic stresses associated with these catabolic conditions can impair immune function, alter drug response, and delay the recovery process. Although enhanced nutritional supplementation is a mainstay for treating tissue wasting in these conditions, it is of limited effectiveness in reversing skeletal muscle protein loss or enhancing anabolism in lean body tissues. The use of anabolic hormones such as G
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36

Dillon, E. Lichar, Shanon L. Casperson, William J. Durham, et al. "Muscle protein metabolism responds similarly to exogenous amino acids in healthy younger and older adults during NO-induced hyperemia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 5 (2011): R1408—R1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00211.2011.

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The combination of increasing blood flow and amino acid (AA) availability provides an anabolic stimulus to the skeletal muscle of healthy young adults by optimizing both AA delivery and utilization. However, aging is associated with a blunted response to anabolic stimuli and may involve impairments in endothelial function. We investigated whether age-related differences exist in the muscle protein anabolic response to AAs between younger (30 ± 2 yr) and older (67 ± 2 yr) adults when macrovascular and microvascular leg blood flow were similarly increased with the nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium
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37

Molčan, Pavol, Tomáš Koller, Natalia Bystianska, et al. "Liver injury after the use of anabolic steroids to promote muscle growth – single-center experience." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 75, no. 2 (2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2021118.

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Introduction: Anabolic agents are prohibited in professional sports, but their availability makes its use widespread among amateur athletes. Our goal was to report all cases of anabolic-induced liver injury. Patients and methods: We included all inpatients with acute liver injury and previous anabolic use over the last 4 years. We recorded history, demographics, laboratory data and imaging, histology, HPVG (hepatic venous pressure gradient) and the outcome. Results: Fifteen men with a median age of 33.1 years were identified. Common symptoms were dyspepsia (47%), jaundice (100%) and dark urine
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38

Messner, Christoph B., Paul C. Driscoll, Gabriel Piedrafita, Michael F. L. De Volder, and Markus Ralser. "Nonenzymatic gluconeogenesis-like formation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in ice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 28 (2017): 7403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702274114.

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The evolutionary origins of metabolism, in particular the emergence of the sugar phosphates that constitute glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the RNA and DNA backbone, are largely unknown. In cells, a major source of glucose and the large sugar phosphates is gluconeogenesis. This ancient anabolic pathway (re-)builds carbon bonds as cleaved in glycolysis in an aldol condensation of the unstable catabolites glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, forming the much more stable fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. We here report the discovery of a nonenzymatic counterpart to t
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39

Enjalbert, Brice, Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet, Jean-Charles Portais, and Fabien Letisse. "Acetate Exposure Determines the Diauxic Behavior of Escherichia coli during the Glucose-Acetate Transition." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 19 (2015): 3173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00128-15.

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ABSTRACTGrowth ofEscherichia colion glucose in batch culture is accompanied by the excretion of acetate, which is consumed by the cells when glucose is exhausted. This glucose-acetate transition is classically described as a diauxie (two successive growth stages). Here, we investigated the physiological and metabolic properties of cells after glucose exhaustion through the analysis of growth parameters and gene expression. We found thatE. colicells grown on glucose in batch culture produce acetate and consume it after glucose exhaustion but do not grow on acetate. Acetate is catabolized, but k
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40

Watanabe, Daisuke, Yan Zhou, Aiko Hirata, et al. "Inhibitory Role of Greatwall-Like Protein Kinase Rim15p in Alcoholic Fermentation via Upregulating the UDP-Glucose Synthesis Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 1 (2015): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02977-15.

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ABSTRACTThe high fermentation rate ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaesake yeast strains is attributable to a loss-of-function mutation in theRIM15gene, which encodes a Greatwall-family protein kinase that is conserved among eukaryotes. In the present study, we performed intracellular metabolic profiling analysis and revealed that deletion of theRIM15gene in a laboratory strain impaired glucose-anabolic pathways through the synthesis of UDP-glucose (UDPG). Although Rim15p is required for the synthesis of trehalose and glycogen from UDPG upon entry of cells into the quiescent state, we found that Rim15p
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41

Pleadin, J., S. Terzic, N. Persi, and A. Vulic. "Evaluation of steroid hormones anabolic use in cattle in Croatia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 2 (2011): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1102147p.

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Natural sex hormones are part of the endocrine system and are found in animal biological material. On analysis of residual substances with anabolic effect and detection of their abuse, it is necessary to know the physiological levels of these hormones to be able to differentiate physiological concentrations from the illegal use of anabolics. The hormone concentrations exceeding the physiological ones, found on monitoring for illegal substance use, would point to the abuse of these substances for anabolic purpose. In the present study, concentrations of the natural hormones 17?-estradiol, proge
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42

Weekers, Frank, and Greet Van den Berghe. "Endocrine modifications and interventions during critical illness." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 3 (2004): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004373.

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The ongoing hypermetabolic response in patients with prolonged critical illness leads to the loss of lean tissue mass. Since the cachexia of prolonged illness is usually associated with low concentrations of anabolic hormones, hormonal intervention has been thought to be beneficial. However, most interventions have been shown to be ineffective and their indiscriminate use even causes harm. Before considering endocrine intervention in these frail patients, a detailed understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the stress response is warranted. It is now clear that the acute phase and the later p
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43

Reeds, P. J. "Options at the fundamental level for growth regulation in farm livestock." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1997): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034632.

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New developments in immunological techniques and increasing expertise in genetic manipulation, especially by gene transfer, have opened up a wide variety of approaches to the manipulation of the growth and metabolism of farm livestock. However, the most effective use of these techniques and the design of new pharmacological agents for growth promotion and nutrient “repartitioning” might well rest on a greater understanding of the factors and cellular mechanisms that coordinate growth and protein anabolism. It is this coordidnation that must be disturbed if persistent gains are to bke made. Thi
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44

Paddon-Jones, Douglas, Melinda Sheffield-Moore, Daniel L. Creson, et al. "Hypercortisolemia alters muscle protein anabolism following ingestion of essential amino acids." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, no. 5 (2003): E946—E953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00397.2002.

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Debilitating injury is accompanied by hypercortisolemia, muscle wasting, and disruption of the normal anabolic response to food. We sought to determine whether acute hypercortisolemia alters muscle protein metabolism following ingestion of a potent anabolic stimulus: essential amino acids (EAA). A 27-h infusion (80 μg · kg−1 · h−1) of hydrocortisone sodium succinate mimicked cortisol (C) levels accompanying severe injury (>30 μg/dl), (C + AA; n = 6). The control group (AA) received intravenous saline ( n = 6). Femoral arteriovenous blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained during a pr
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Phillips, Bethan E., Philip J. Atherton, Krishna Varadhan, et al. "Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 306, no. 2 (2014): E168—E176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00440.2013.

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Skeletal muscle anabolism associated with postprandial plasma aminoacidemia and insulinemia is contingent upon amino acids (AA) and insulin crossing the microcirculation-myocyte interface. In this study, we hypothesized that increasing muscle microvascular blood volume (flow) would enhance fed-state anabolic responses in muscle protein turnover. We studied 10 young men (23.2 ± 2.1 yr) under postabsorptive and fed [iv Glamin (∼10 g AA), glucose ∼7.5 mmol/l] conditions. Methacholine was infused into the femoral artery of one leg to determine, via bilateral comparison, the effects of feeding alon
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Shimkus, Kevin L., Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Michael P. Wiggs, et al. "Responses of skeletal muscle size and anabolism are reproducible with multiple periods of unloading/reloading." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 5 (2018): 1456–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00736.2017.

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Mechanical unloading has long been understood to contribute to rapid and substantial adaptations within skeletal muscle, most notably, muscle atrophy. Studies have often demonstrated that many of the alterations resulting from disuse are reversed with a reintroduction of load and have supported the concept of muscle plasticity. We hypothesized that adaptations during disuse and recovery were a repeatable/reproducible phenomenon, which we tested with repeated changes in mechanical load. Rats were assigned to one of the following five groups: animals undergoing one or two bouts of hindlimb unloa
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47

Smith, Gordon I., Philip Atherton, Dominic N. Reeds, et al. "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia–hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women." Clinical Science 121, no. 6 (2011): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20100597.

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Increased dietary LCn−3PUFA (long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) intake stimulates muscle protein anabolism in individuals who experience muscle loss due to aging or cancer cachexia. However, it is not known whether LCn−3PUFAs elicit similar anabolic effects in healthy individuals. To answer this question, we evaluated the effect of 8 weeks of LCn−3PUFA supplementation (4 g of Lovaza®/day) in nine 25–45-year-old healthy subjects on the rate of muscle protein synthesis (by using stable isotope-labelled tracer techniques) and the activation (phosphorylation) of elements of the mTOR (mamma
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48

Tu, Xiaolin, Jesus Delgado-Calle, Keith W. Condon та ін. "Osteocytes mediate the anabolic actions of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, № 5 (2015): E478—E486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409857112.

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Osteocytes, >90% of the cells in bone, lie embedded within the mineralized matrix and coordinate osteoclast and osteoblast activity on bone surfaces by mechanisms still unclear. Bone anabolic stimuli activate Wnt signaling, and human mutations of components along this pathway underscore its crucial role in bone accrual and maintenance. However, the cell responsible for orchestrating Wnt anabolic actions has remained elusive. We show herein that activation of canonical Wnt signaling exclusively in osteocytes [dominant active (da)βcatOt mice] induces bone anabolism and triggers Notch signalin
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49

Butzke, Ingo, Samuel Iff, Michael Zitzmann, Boris B. Quednow, and Malte Christian Claussen. "Interdisziplinäre und psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Behandlung bei Gebrauch von anabolen androgenen Steroiden." Praxis 111, no. 6 (2022): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003867.

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Zusammenfassung. Die Häufigkeit des Gebrauchs von anabolen androgenen Steroiden (AAS; Anabolika) im Freizeitsport wird unterschätzt. Durch den Einfluss der sozialen Medien wird eine weitere Zunahme des AAS-Gebrauchs im Freizeitsport und in der Allgemeinbevölkerung erwartet. Der AAS-Gebrauch geht mit bedeutenden Folgen für die körperliche und psychische Gesundheit einher, die psychiatrischen Folgen beinhalten auch das Risiko einer Abhängigkeitsentwicklung. Die weitverbreitete Stigmatisierung des AAS-Gebrauchs auch durch Fachleute untergräbt häufig das Vertrauen der Konsumierenden in die behande
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Bu, Mengjia, Wei Fan, Ruonan Li, Bing He, and Peng Cui. "Lipid Metabolism and Improvement in Oilseed Crops: Recent Advances in Multi-Omics Studies." Metabolites 13, no. 12 (2023): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13121170.

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Oilseed crops are rich in plant lipids that not only provide essential fatty acids for the human diet but also play important roles as major sources of biofuels and indispensable raw materials for the chemical industry. The regulation of lipid metabolism genes is a major factor affecting oil production. In this review, we systematically summarize the metabolic pathways related to lipid production and storage in plants and highlight key research advances in characterizing the genes and regulatory factors influencing lipid anabolic metabolism. In addition, we integrate the latest results from mu
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