Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anabolic steroid metabolism

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Anabolic steroid metabolism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Anabolic steroid metabolism"

1

Schänzer, W. "Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.7.1001.

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Abstract Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are misused to a high extent in sports by athletes to improve their physical performance. Sports federations consider the use of these drugs in sports as doping. The misuse of AAS is controlled by detection of the parent AAS (when excreted into urine) and (or) their metabolites in urine of athletes. I present a review of the metabolism of AAS. Testosterone is the principal androgenic steroid and its metabolism is compared with that of AAS. The review is divided into two parts: the general metabolism of AAS, which is separated into phase I and phase II metabolism and includes a systematic discussion of metabolic changes in the steroid molecule according to the regions (A-D rings), and the specific metabolism of AAS, which presents the metabolism of 26 AAS in humans.
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2

Stoll, Anna, Michele Iannone, Giuseppina De Gregorio, Xavier de la Torre, Francesco Molaioni, Francesco Botrè, and Maria Kristina Parr. "Influence of Pain Killers on the Urinary Anabolic Steroid Profile." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44, no. 8 (May 9, 2020): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa049.

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Abstract Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are prohibited as performance-enhancing drugs in sports. Among them, testosterone and its precursors are often referred to as “pseudoendogenous” AAS, that is, endogenous steroids that are prohibited when administered exogenously. To detect their misuse, among other methods, the World Anti-Doping Agency-accredited laboratories monitor the steroid profile (concentrations and concentration ratios of endogenous steroids, precursors and metabolites) in urine samples collected from athletes in and out of competition. Alterations in steroid profile markers are used as indicators for misuse of anabolic steroids in sports. Therefore, especially their metabolic pathways with possible interactions are crucial to elucidate. As steroid metabolism is very complex, and many enzymes are involved, certain non-prohibited drugs may influence steroid metabolite excretion. One important group of steroid-metabolizing enzymes is aldo–keto reductases (AKRs). An inhibition of them by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are neither prohibited nor monitored, but frequently used drugs in sports, was demonstrated in vitro. Thus, this work aims to investigate the influence of NSAID intake on the urinary steroid profile. Kinetic and inhibitory studies were performed using 5α-dihydrotestosterone as substrate. The results obtained from in vitro experiments show that ibuprofen inhibits AKR1C2 and thus influences steroid biotransformation. For in vivo investigations, urine samples prior, during and postadministration of ibuprofen were analyzed using routine methods to monitor the steroid profile. Changes in markers of the steroid profile of volunteers were observed. The combination of in vitro and in vivo results suggests that monitoring of ibuprofen may be useful in doping control analysis. The presented work illustrates the importance to consider co-administration of (non-prohibited) drugs during antidoping analysis. Intake of multiple substances is likely leading to interfering effects. Divergent results in antidoping analysis may therefore be observed and misinterpretation of analytical data may occur. Similar considerations may be appropriate for other fields of forensic applications.
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Panin, L. Ye, O. M. Khoshchenko, and I. F. Usynin. "Role of apolipoprotein A-I in the anabolic effect of steroid hormones." Problems of Endocrinology 48, no. 6 (December 15, 2002): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11727.

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As early shown, a portion of steroid hormones binds to blood lipoproteins, primarily to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) [Panin et al. 1988]. Steroid hormones together with HDL are captured by resident macrophages of the liver where in secondary lysosomes HDL are degraded to form apoA-I and steroid hormones restore a ∆4, 3-keto group with the participation of 5-α and 5β- reductases to give rise to tetrahydro compounds. In this study, an attempt was undertaken to show a role of a complex of some steroid hormones with apo A-I in realization of the anabolic action of these steroid hormones by using the cultured hepatocytes and concurrently cultured hepatocytes and Kupffer’s cells isolated from the liver of male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Steroid hormones having an anabolic action, such as androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and tetrahydrocortisol as ingredients of a complex with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), increased the rate of protein biosynthesis and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and tetrahydrocortisol also did the rate of DNA synthesis in the cultured hepatocytes. All the hormones had a restored ∆4,3-keto group in the A ring structure. Restoration of this group of steroid hormones and formation of their complex with apoA-I are associated with the action of resident macrophages (Kupffer’s cells). That is the reason that addition of HDL (a source of apoA-I) and cortisol (a source of the restored form - tetrahydrocortisol) to the coculture of hepatocytes and macrophages, by concurrently stimulating the latter by lipopolysaccharide led to a significant increase in the rate of protein and DNA biosynthesis. The findings show an important role of a ∆4,3-keto group of the A ring of steroid hormones and their complex with apo A-I in realizing the anabolic action of steroids.
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Stoll, Anna, Michele Iannone, Giuseppina De Gregorio, Francesco Molaioni, Xavier de la Torre, Francesco Botrè, and Maria Kristina Parr. "Influence of Indomethacin on Steroid Metabolism: Endocrine Disruption and Confounding Effects in Urinary Steroid Profiling of Anti-Doping Analyses." Metabolites 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10110463.

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are prohibited as doping substances in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Concentrations and concentration ratios of endogenous AAS (steroid profile markers) in urine samples collected from athletes are used to detect their administration. Certain (non-prohibited) drugs have been shown to influence the steroid profile and thereby sophisticate anti-doping analysis. It was shown in vitro that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin inhibits selected steroid-biotransformations catalyzed by the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3, which plays a key role in the endogenous steroid metabolism. Kinetic parameters for the indomethacin-mediated inhibition of the AKR1C3 catalyzed reduction in etiocholanolone were determined in vitro using two comparing methods. As NSAIDs are very frequently used (not only) by athletes, the inhibitory impact of indomethacin intake on the steroid metabolism was evaluated, and steroid profile alterations were detected in vivo (one male and one female volunteer). Significant differences between samples collected before, during or after the intake of indomethacin for selected steroid profile markers were observed. The presented results are of relevance for the interpretation of results from doping control analysis. Additionally, the administration of NSAIDs should be carefully reconsidered due to their potential as endocrine disruptors.
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Tamaki, Tetsuro, Shuichi Uchiyama, Yoshiyasu Uchiyama, Akira Akatsuka, Roland R. Roy, and V. Reggie Edgerton. "Anabolic steroids increase exercise tolerance." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 280, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): E973—E981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.6.e973.

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The influence of an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) on thymidine and amino acid uptake in rat hindlimb skeletal muscles during 14 days after a single exhaustive bout of weight lifting was determined. Adult male rats were divided randomly into Control or Steroid groups. Nandrolone decanoate was administered to the Steroid group 1 wk before the exercise bout. [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine labeling were used to determine the serial changes in cellular mitotic activity, amino acid uptake, and myosin synthesis. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, used as a measure of muscle damage, increased 30 and 60 min after exercise in both groups. The total amount of weight lifted was higher, whereas CK levels were lower in Steroid than in Control rats. [3H]thymidine uptake peaked 2 days after exercise in both groups and was 90% higher in Control than in Steroid rats, reflecting a higher level of muscle damage. [14C]leucine uptake was ∼80% higher at rest and recovered 33% faster postexercise in Steroid than in Control rats. In a separate group of rats, the in situ isometric mechanical properties of the plantaris muscle were determined. The only significant difference was a higher fatigue resistance in the Steroid compared with the Control group. Combined, these results indicate that AAS treatment 1) ameliorates CK efflux and the uptake of [3H]thymidine and enhances the rate of protein synthesis during recovery after a bout of weight lifting, all being consistent with there being less muscle damage, and 2) enhances in vivo work capacity and the in situ fatigue resistance of a primary plantarflexor muscle.
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Schänzer, Willi, and Manfred Donike. "Metabolism of anabolic steroids in man: synthesis and use of reference substances for identification of anabolic steroid metabolites." Analytica Chimica Acta 275, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(93)80274-o.

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Lykhonosov, Mykola P., and Alina Yu Babenko. "Prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroid use, its effect on the male pituitary-gonadal axis, and the possibility of reproductive rehabilitation." Problems of Endocrinology 65, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl9997.

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The purpose of this review is to assess the prevalence of AA steroid use, to identify the steroids that are used, and to present the negative effects of AA steroids on the human body while describing the mechanisms of their actions on the male reproductive system. The review highlights the diagnostic features of steroid-induced hypogonadism, and assesses the effectiveness of various drugs in the reproductive rehabilitation of patients who cease taking AA steroids. Emphasis is placed on the feasibility and effectiveness of various drug treatments in the context of post cycle therapy (PCT), which seeks to stabilize and restore normal hormonal function. All this data is necessary for the development of modern treatment algorithms for steroid-induced hypogonadism in men.
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MEYER, H. H. D., and M. RAPP. "Reversible binding of the anabolic steroid trenbolone to steroid receptors." Acta Endocrinologica 110, no. 1_Suppla (April 1985): S129—S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.109s129.

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Harrison, L. M., D. Martin, R. W. Gotlin, and P. V. Fennessey. "Effect of extended use of single anabolic steroids on urinary steroid excretion and metabolism." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 489, no. 1 (April 1989): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82889-3.

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Labrie, Fernand, Van Luu-The, Ezequiel Calvo, Céline Martel, Julie Cloutier, Sylvain Gauthier, Pascal Belleau, Jean Morissette, Marie-Hélène Lévesque, and Claude Labrie. "Tetrahydrogestrinone induces a genomic signature typical of a potent anabolic steroid." Journal of Endocrinology 184, no. 2 (February 2005): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05997.

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Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) is a recently identified compound having the greatest impact in the world of sports. In order to obtain a highly accurate and sensitive assessment of the potential anabolic/androgenic activity of THG, we have used microarrays to identify its effect on the expression of practically all the 30 000 genes in the mouse genome and compared it with the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent natural androgen. Quite remarkably, we found that 671 of the genes modulated by THG in the mouse muscle levator ani are modulated in a similar fashion by DHT, while in the gastrocnemius muscle and prostate, 95 and 939 genes respectively, are modulated in common by the two steroids. On the other hand, THG is more potent than DHT in binding to the androgen receptor, while, under in vivo conditions, THG possesses 20% of the potency of DHT in stimulating prostate, seminal vesicle and levator ani muscle weight in the mouse. The present microarray data provide an extremely precise and unquestionable signature of the androgenic/anabolic activity of THG, an approach which should apply to the analysis of the activity of any anabolic steroid.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anabolic steroid metabolism"

1

Biddle, Simon. "Steroid metabolism in racing greyhounds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14878.

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The metabolism of androgenic anabolic steroids has been studied in the racing greyhound. Various drug preparations have been investigated utilising different derivatisation techniques, coupled with gas chromatographic analysis, to enable the identification of key metabolites in canine post administration samples. This has led to an increased understanding of some of the generic routes of steroid metabolism that take place in the greyhound. This valuable information can help to support metabolism studies in the future. The identification of specific metabolites for each compound investigated, has provided a means for controlling the misuse of these compounds, and contributed valuable enhancements to screening protocols utilised in the canine sports drug testing industry. Utilisation of the techniques described, resulted in the identification of specific major metabolites of the anabolic steroid methyltestosterone, namely 17??-methyl-5??- androstan-3??-17??-diol and 17??-methyl-5??-androstan-3??,16??,17??-triol. 16??- hydroxylation was shown to be a major phase I metabolic pathway in the canine along with phase II conjugation with glucuronic acid. Similar results were obtained during the metabolism study of the progestatgenic steroid norethisterone. Several di- and trihydroxy metabolites were detected in the glucuronic acid fraction of the post administration urines from this study. The norethisterone metabolism study also provided some insight, into the area of trace contaminants of pharmaceutical preparations. Low levels of nandrolone metabolites were also detected in the norethisterone post administration urine samples, leading to the discovery that the administered pharmaceutical tablets contained small quantities of nandrolone and 19- norandrostenedione, albeit below FDA approved contaminant levels. Modern methods of drug screening employ such highly sensitive techniques, that they allow for the detection of metabolites of such trace contaminants, following administration of the drug preparation to the greyhound. It is therefore important to have a broad understanding of the metabolism of various drug preparations, both banned and permitted substances alike; as detection of a trace amount of a banned substance metabolite, arising from the administration of a permitted medication, whose iii metabolite profile is unknown, and therefore potentially not detected, could present an interesting case. In conjunction with research into controlling the use of banned substances for the purposes of suppressing oestrus in the greyhound bitch, an investigation into normal/reference levels of endogenous hormones has been carried out. The endogenous steroid levels in a population of 212 greyhound bitches have been studied with a view to establishing a method for the detection of the exogenous administration of the endogenous anabolic steroid testosterone. The major urinary metabolites investigated were epiandrosterone, 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol and 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol. Statistical evaluations have been carried out to support the implementation of a suitable threshold for the key testosterone metabolites, namely 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol and epiandrosterone. The detection of 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol was found to be a very good indicator of the exogenous administration of testosterone to the greyhound bitch, when compared with the reference population data for this metabolite. However, further statistical/analytical data evaluation was deemed necessary before an absolute threshold could be implemented for this analyte, for the purposes of controlling the misuse of testosterone in the racing greyhound bitch. To support the understanding of endogenous steroid levels in the female greyhound, yet further, the endogenous reproductive steroid profiles were measured throughout the entire oestrus cycle of a cohort of 33 racing bitches. The results of the study clearly indicate a surge in androgen metabolites during the first 7-10 days of the oestrus cycle, in particular epiandrosterone and 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol. This unique set of data has provided detailed information regarding the fluctuating concentrations of androgen and progesterone metabolites (following ovulation), at key stages of the canine oestrus cycle. The information obtained from this research can be used to support regulatory decisions regarding the misuse of testosterone in the racing greyhound bitch.
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2

Ellis, Alison Jane. "The effect of the anabolic steroid stanozolol on the metabolism of connective tissue cells in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484188.

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3

Stoll, Anna [Verfasser]. "Investigations on Phase I Metabolism of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Its Influenceability as Tool to Refine Steroid Detection and Evaluation / Anna Stoll." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227926014/34.

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4

Fabregat, Rossell Andreu 1986. "Re-exploring testosterone metabolism : new insights for doping control." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289784.

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The detection of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAS) is one of the most difficult analytical challenges in the doping control field. The main problem for their detection is to distinguish between normally endogenous concentrations and those observed after the exogenous administration of an EAAS. The screening methods for EAAS are currently based on the determination of the steroid profile and the application of the athlete biological passport. The inclusion of new steroid metabolites can improve the screening capabilities of the steroid profile. Thus, the objective of the thesis is to elucidate and characterize new testosterone metabolites that can be implemented to the current steroid profile and to evaluate their usefulness for doping control analysis. Four unreported testosterone metabolites were detected and characterized by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry approaches. These compounds were demonstrated to come from degradation of cysteine conjugates. The formation of these conjugates implies an addition of a double bond as a phase I metabolism followed by conjugation with glutathione and the subsequent transformation to cysteine conjugates in urine. In order to determinate the usefulness of the cysteinyl compounds for doping control purposes, a quantitative method for the indirect determination of these compounds was developed and validated. Using this method, reference population limits were established by the analysis of 174 urine samples. Additionally, different factors that can potentially influence the excretion of these compounds were evaluated. Finally, the usefulness of these cysteinyl metabolites for the detection of EAAS misuse was evaluated by the analysis of samples collected after different EAAS administration. The use of these metabolites seems to improve in some cases the detection capabilities of the current marker used in routine analysis.
La detecció d’esteroides androgènics anabolitzants endògens (EAAE) és un dels reptes analítics més difícils en la lluita contra el dopatge. El problema més important per a la seva detecció és distingir entre concentracions endògenes i aquelles que s’observen després de l’administració exògena d’un EAAE. Els mètodes de cribatge per a la detecció d’EAAE estan basats en la determinació del perfil esteroïdal i la introducció d’aquest en el passaport biològic de l’atleta. La inclusió de nous metabòlits d’esteroides pot ajudar a millorar les capacitats de cribatge del perfil esteroïdal. Per tant, l’objectiu d’aquesta tesis és detectar i caracteritzar nous metabòlits d’EAAE que puguin implementar-se en l’actual perfil esteroïdal i l’avaluació de la seva utilitat en la lluita contra el dopatge. Quatre metabòlits desconeguts de la testosterona van ser detectats i caracteritzats mitjançant la utilització de la cromatografia líquida acoblada a l’espectrometria de masses en tàndem. L’origen d’aquests compostos es va demostrar que provenia de la degradació de conjugats amb cisteïna. La formació d’aquests conjugats implica l’addició d’un doble enllaç com a reacció metabòlica de fase I acompanyat per la conjugació amb glutationa i la subseqüent degradació d’aquesta a cisteïna en orina. Per tal de poder veure la seva aplicació en el camp del dopatge, es va desenvolupar i validar un mètode per la quantificació indirecta d’aquests compostos en orina. Utilitzant aquest mètode es van establir límits de referència basats en l’anàlisi de 174 mostres de orina. Addicionalment, diferents factors descrits que poden afectar l’excreció en orina d’aquests compostos també van ser estudiats en detall. Finalment, es va avaluar la utilitat d’aquests metabòlits conjugats amb cisteïna per a la detecció de l’abús d’EAAE mitjançant l’ anàlisis de mostres després de l’administració de diferents EAAE. L’ús d’aquests metabòlits va millorar (en alguns casos) els temps de detecció comparant-los amb els actuals marcadors utilitzats en rutina.
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Dmitrovic, Jasna. "Metabolism of anabolic steroids in cynomolgus monkey." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/MQ34956.pdf.

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Williams, Keith Robert. "The metabolism of anabolic agents in the racing greyhound." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326452.

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Carmo, Carolina Almeida do. "Clastogenicidade e /ou aneugenicidade do hormônio androgênico nandrolona (Deca-Durabolin®) em camundongos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87934.

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Orientador: Edson Luis Maistro
Banca: Mario Sergio Montovani
Banca: Luis Fernando Barbisan
Resumo: Os anabolizantes esteróides têm sido amplamente utilizados por profissionais e atletas de elite para melhorar sua aparência e habilidades atléticas. Além disso, eles apresentam um importante papel quimioterapêutico no tratamento de vários tipos de distúrbios metabólicos, homeostáticos e sexuais, em ambos os sexos. Tendo em vista que muitas drogas esteróides têm apresentado diferentes resultados considerando efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genotóxico do hormônio nandrolona (deca-durabolin®) in vivo em células da medula óssea e do sangue periférico de camundongos, usando o teste do micronúcleo e o ensaio do cometa, respectivamente. Os animas receberam injeção intradérmica de 3 concentrações do hormônio esteróide (1.0, 2.5 e 5.0 mg/kg peso corporal). As células foram coletadas 24 h após o tratamento hormonal para o teste do micronúcleo (avaliação da clastogenicidade) e o teste do cometa (avaliação da genotoxicidade). O teste do micronúcleo evidenciou que as duas maiores doses testadas da nandrolona induziram aumentos estatisticamente significativos de células micronucleadas e o teste do cometa não evidenciou aumento significativo de danos no DNA nos linfócitos do sangue periférico. Sob estas condições experimentais, conclui-se que o hormônio esteróide nandrolona apresentou efeito clastogênico e/ou aneugênico e, por outro lado, não foram observados efeitos genotóxicos quando o mesmo foi administrado intradermicamente em camundongos
Abstract: Anabolic androgenic steroids have been widely used by professional and elite athletes to improve their appearance and athletic abilities. Besides, they have an important place in the chemotherapeutic treatment of various types of metabolic, homeostatic, and sexual disorders in both sexes. Since many steroidal drugs have been found to be different results considering genotoxic and mutagenic effects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of nandrolone (deca-durabolin®) in vivo in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice, using micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The animals received intradermal injection of the 3 concentrations of the steroid (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight). The cells were collected 24 h after the hormone-treatment for the micronucleus (clastogenicity endpoint) and comet assays (genotoxicity endpoint). Micronucleus test showed that the two higher tested-doses of the nandrolone induced statistically significant increase of the micronucleated cells and comet assay no evidenced significant increase in the DNA damage of the lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Under our experimental conditions, the nandrolone steroid hormone showed clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects and, on the other hand, no genotoxic effects when administered intradermally to mice
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Carmo, Carolina Almeida do [UNESP]. "Clastogenicidade e /ou aneugenicidade do hormônio androgênico nandrolona (Deca-Durabolin®) em camundongos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87934.

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Os anabolizantes esteróides têm sido amplamente utilizados por profissionais e atletas de elite para melhorar sua aparência e habilidades atléticas. Além disso, eles apresentam um importante papel quimioterapêutico no tratamento de vários tipos de distúrbios metabólicos, homeostáticos e sexuais, em ambos os sexos. Tendo em vista que muitas drogas esteróides têm apresentado diferentes resultados considerando efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genotóxico do hormônio nandrolona (deca-durabolin®) in vivo em células da medula óssea e do sangue periférico de camundongos, usando o teste do micronúcleo e o ensaio do cometa, respectivamente. Os animas receberam injeção intradérmica de 3 concentrações do hormônio esteróide (1.0, 2.5 e 5.0 mg/kg peso corporal). As células foram coletadas 24 h após o tratamento hormonal para o teste do micronúcleo (avaliação da clastogenicidade) e o teste do cometa (avaliação da genotoxicidade). O teste do micronúcleo evidenciou que as duas maiores doses testadas da nandrolona induziram aumentos estatisticamente significativos de células micronucleadas e o teste do cometa não evidenciou aumento significativo de danos no DNA nos linfócitos do sangue periférico. Sob estas condições experimentais, conclui-se que o hormônio esteróide nandrolona apresentou efeito clastogênico e/ou aneugênico e, por outro lado, não foram observados efeitos genotóxicos quando o mesmo foi administrado intradermicamente em camundongos
Anabolic androgenic steroids have been widely used by professional and elite athletes to improve their appearance and athletic abilities. Besides, they have an important place in the chemotherapeutic treatment of various types of metabolic, homeostatic, and sexual disorders in both sexes. Since many steroidal drugs have been found to be different results considering genotoxic and mutagenic effects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of nandrolone (deca-durabolin®) in vivo in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice, using micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The animals received intradermal injection of the 3 concentrations of the steroid (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight). The cells were collected 24 h after the hormone-treatment for the micronucleus (clastogenicity endpoint) and comet assays (genotoxicity endpoint). Micronucleus test showed that the two higher tested-doses of the nandrolone induced statistically significant increase of the micronucleated cells and comet assay no evidenced significant increase in the DNA damage of the lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Under our experimental conditions, the nandrolone steroid hormone showed clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects and, on the other hand, no genotoxic effects when administered intradermally to mice
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Books on the topic "Anabolic steroid metabolism"

1

Rogozkin, V. A. Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Metabolizm anabolicheskikh androgennykh steroidov. Leningrad: "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1988.

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Whitfield, James F. Growing bone. 2nd ed. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2007.

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Whitfield, James F. Growing bone. 2nd ed. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2007.

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Whitfield, James F. Growing bone. 2nd ed. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2007.

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Gross, F. Protein Metabolism: Influence of Growth Hormone, Anabolic Steroids, and Nutrition in Health and Disease. An International Symposium Leyden, 25th-29th June, 1962. Springer, 2014.

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Gross, F., and A. Querido. Protein Metabolism: Influence of Growth Hormone, Anabolic Steroids, and Nutrition in Health and Disease. An International Symposium Leyden, 25th-29th June, 1962. Springer, 2014.

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8

National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Effects of Metabolic Modifiers on the Nutrient Requirements ofFood-Producing Animals., ed. Metabolic modifiers: Effects on the nutrient requirements offood-producing animals. Washington, D.C: NationalAcademy Press, 1994.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Effects of Metabolic Modifiers on the Nutrient Requirements of Food-Producing Animals., ed. Metabolic modifiers: Effects on the nutrient requirements of food-producing animals. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1994.

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(US), National Research Council. Metabolic Modifiers: Effects on the Nutrient Requirements of Food-Producing Animals. National Academies Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anabolic steroid metabolism"

1

Kicman, A. T., E. Houghton, and D. B. Gower. "Anabolic Steroids: Metabolism, Doping and Detection in Human and Equestrian Sports." In Steroid Analysis, 743–836. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b135931_9.

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Gower, D. B., E. Houghton, and A. T. Kicman. "Anabolic steroids: Metabolism, doping and detection in equestrian and human sports." In Steroid Analysis, 468–526. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3078-5_8.

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Turner, Helen E., Richard Eastell, and Ashley Grossman. "Endocrinology of metabolism." In Endocrinology (Oxford Desk Reference), 414–33. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199672837.003.0015.

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Abstract:
This chapter describes the relationship between hormonal activity and metabolism, as well as the disorders that are associated with endocrine metabolism dysfunction. It discusses hormonal causes, epidemiology, physiology, diagnosis, and management for hypoglycaemia. It describes obesity and eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, in terms of hypothalamo-pituitary pathway dysfunction, associated hormones, nutritional status, imaging, and management. The chapter describes hormones’ role in sport performance, and methods of doping detection for hormones such as anabolic steroids, growth hormone, and erythropoietin. It also relates the symptoms of endocrine-related disorders, such as excessive flushing, sweating, and excessive tiredness, with possible causes in endocrine dysfunction.
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