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Journal articles on the topic 'Anal sphincter trauma'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Brill, Scott A., and David A. Margolin. "Anal sphincter trauma." Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery 15, no. 2 (2004): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.scrs.2004.10.001.

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2

Li, Yanping, Ka Lai Shek, Nishamini Subramaniam, Talia Friedman, and Hans Peter Dietz. "Parity and anal sphincter trauma." International Urogynecology Journal 31, no. 3 (2019): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-019-04093-7.

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3

Li, Y., N. Subramaniam, T. Friedman, and H. P. Dietz. "P07.02: Anal sphincter trauma and parity." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 50 (September 2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.18060.

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4

Sultan, A. H., M. A. Kamm, C. I. Bartram, and C. N. Hudson. "Anal sphincter trauma during instrumental delivery." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 43, no. 3 (1993): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(93)90514-w.

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5

Guzmán Rojas, R. A., I. Kamisan Atan, K. L. Shek, and H. P. Dietz. "Anal sphincter trauma and anal incontinence in urogynecological patients." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 46, no. 3 (2015): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.14845.

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6

Cattani, L., M. Gillor, J. Caudwell-Hall, and H. P. Dietz. "OC25.03: Flatus incontinence and anal sphincter trauma." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 52 (October 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.19373.

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7

Sultan, Abdul H., and Ranee Thakar. "Lower genital tract and anal sphincter trauma." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 16, no. 1 (2002): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beog.2002.0258.

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8

Vergers-Spooren, H. C., and J. W. de Leeuw. "A Rare Complication of a Vaginal Breech Delivery." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 (2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/306124.

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Rectal lesions without anal sphincter trauma in childbirth are only sporadically described in literature. We describe the case of a 29-year-old primigravida who delivered a child in frank breech presentation. During the second stage of labour a foot presented transanally through a rectal laceration with intact anal sphincters. The laceration was repaired immediately after delivery in theatre. Follow-up visits showed a properly cured laceration and no complaints of incontinence or foul discharge.

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9

Nichols, Catherine M., Marie Nam, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, Elizabeth H. Lamb, and Nancy Currie. "Anal sphincter defects and bowel symptoms in women with and without recognized anal sphincter trauma." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194, no. 5 (2006): 1450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.059.

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10

Mahony, Rhona, Leslie Daly, Michael Behan, Catriona Kirwan, Colm O'Herlihy, and Ronan O'Connell. "Internal anal sphincter injury predicts continence outcome following obstetric sphincter trauma." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 191, no. 6 (2004): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.199.

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11

Rasmussen, Ole Ø., Lise Puggaard, and John Christiansen. "Anal sphincter repair in patients with obstetric trauma." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 42, no. 2 (1999): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02237126.

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12

Toozs-Hobson, Philip. "Perineal and Anal Sphincter Trauma. Diagnosis and Clinical Management." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 27, no. 8 (2007): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610701789850.

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13

Engel, A. F., M. A. Kamm, A. H. Sultan, C. I. Bartram, and R. J. Nicholls. "Anterior anal sphincter repair in patients with obstetric trauma." British Journal of Surgery 81, no. 8 (1994): 1231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800810853.

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14

Jeganathan, Arjun, Jeremy Cannon, and Joshua Bleier. "Anal and Perineal Injuries." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 31, no. 01 (2017): 024–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602176.

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AbstractWith increased use of explosive devices in warfare, anal trauma is often seen coupled with more complex pelviperineal injury. While the associated mortality is high, casualties that survive are often left with disabling fecal incontinence from damage to the anosphincteric complex. After resolution of the acute insult, the initial evaluation mandates a thorough physical exam, including endoscopic evaluation with rigid proctoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy, as well as adjunctive testing, specifically anal manometry and endoanal ultrasound. First-line therapy favors bulking agents and an

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15

Wietek, Beate M., Heidemarie Hinninghofen, Ekkehard C. Jehle, Paul Enck, and Heiko B. Franz. "Asymmetric sphincter innervation is associated with fecal incontinence after anal sphincter trauma during childbirth." Neurourology and Urodynamics 26, no. 1 (2006): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20307.

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16

Sultan, A. H., R. B. Johanson, and J. E. Carter. "Occult anal sphincter trauma following randomized forceps and vacuum delivery." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 61, no. 2 (1998): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(98)00017-4.

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17

Frudinger, Andrea, Steve Halligan, John A. D. Spencer, Clive I. Bartram, Michael A. Kamm, and Raimund Winter. "Influence of the subpubic arch angle on anal sphincter trauma and anal incontinence following childbirth." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 109, no. 11 (2002): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.01466.x.

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18

Roper, Joanna C., Nirmala Amber, Osanna Yee Ki Wan, Abdul H. Sultan, and Ranee Thakar. "Review of available national guidelines for obstetric anal sphincter injury." International Urogynecology Journal 31, no. 11 (2020): 2247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-020-04464-5.

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Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are the most severe form of perineal trauma with potentially devastating effects on a mother’s quality of life. There are various national guidelines available for their management. The aim of this study was to review and compare recommendations from published national guidelines regarding management and prevention of OASI. Methods We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and COCHRANE databases from January 2008 till October 2019 using relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), including all subheadings. The g

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19

Malouf, Andrew J., Christine S. Norton, Alexander F. Engel, R. John Nicholls, and Michael A. Kamm. "Long-term results of overlapping anterior anal-sphincter repair for obstetric trauma." Lancet 355, no. 9200 (2000): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)05218-6.

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20

Malouf, Andrew J., Christine S. Norton, Alexander F. Engel, R. John Nicholls, and Michael A. Kamm. "Long-Term Results of Overlapping Anterior Anal-Sphincter Repair for Obstetric Trauma." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 55, no. 8 (2000): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-200008000-00008.

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21

Levin, Gabriel, Raanan Meyer, and Amihai Rottenstreich. "Reducing birth trauma programs – Diagnosis of anal sphincter injuries should be improved." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 99, no. 5 (2019): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13748.

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22

Londono-Schimmer, E. E., R. Garcia-Duperly, R. J. Nicholls, J. K. Ritchie, P. R. Hawley, and J. P. S. Thomson. "Overlapping anal sphincter repair for faecal incontinence due to sphincter trauma: five year follow-up functional results." International Journal of Colorectal Disease 9, no. 2 (1994): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00699424.

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23

Roper, Joanna C., Abdul H. Sultan, and Ranee Thakar. "Diagnosis of perineal trauma: getting it right first time." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 10 (2020): 710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.10.710.

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This narrative literature summarises the evidence to support the need for digital rectal examination after every vaginal delivery. The importance of a digital rectal examination, based on clinical sequalae and consequences of incorrect diagnosis of perineal trauma, is discussed. Digital rectal examination is recommended by many national guidelines as part of a postpartum evaluation of the perineum. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries and isolated rectal tears can be missed if a full examination is not performed. This can lead to serious consequences for women, including anal incontinence. Traini

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24

Dudchenko, M. O., M. I. Kravtsiv, D. M. Ivaschenko, R. A. Prihidko, and Z. I. Mishura. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC PARAPROCTITIS, HIGH ANAL FISTULAS DEPENDING ON THE METHOD USED." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 18, no. 4 (2018): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.18.4.8.

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More than 30% of patients with chronic paraproctitis are found out to present complex forms of this pathology. They are often complicated with the external sphincter incontinence due to the deformation of the anal canal and cicatricial changes in the anal constrictors. The deficiency of the anal sphincter is observed in 4.9-33% of patients, and recurrent operations on the rectum are often accompanied by the development of elements of neurogenic and motor incontinence resulted from the massive sphincter trauma. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment fo

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25

Raj Rajasekaran, M., Shantanu Sinha, Youngjin Seo, Mitra Salehi, Valmik Bhargava, and Ravinder K. Mittal. "Myoarchitectural and functional alterations in rabbit external anal sphincter muscle following experimental surgical trauma." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 307, no. 4 (2014): G445—G451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00450.2013.

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Obstetrical trauma to external anal sphincter (EAS) is extremely common; however, its role in the development of anal incontinence is not clear. We examined the regenerative process and functional impact of experimental surgical trauma to EAS muscle in an animal model. Surgical myotomy, a craniocaudal incision extending along the entire length and thickness of the EAS, was performed in rabbits. Animals were allowed to recover, and anal pressures were recorded at weekly intervals for 12 wk using a custom-designed probe system to determine the length-tension property of EAS muscle. Animals were

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26

Serour, Ahmad G., and Laila A. Mousa. "Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, the Role of Imaging and Reconstructive Surgery." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 1 (2013): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1274.

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ABSTRACT We are putting forward three novel concepts describing the pathophysiology concerning: • Micturition, factors that control urinary continence and different types of urinary incontinence. • Genital organs support and genital prolapse. • Defecation, causes of fecal incontinence (FI). I. Urinary continence depends on high urethral pressure (Pura) which depends upon two factors: One inherent and one acquired. 1. The inherent factor is the tough strong collagen layer constituent of the internal urethral sphincter (IUS), that creates the high wall tension necessary for keeping high urethral

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27

Yagel, S., and D. V. Valsky. "Three-dimensional transperineal ultrasonography for evaluation of the anal sphincter complex: another dimension in understanding peripartum sphincter trauma." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 27, no. 2 (2006): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.2714.

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28

Nichols, C. M., M. Nam, V. Ramakrishanan, E. Lamb, and N. Currie. "Paper 43: Bowel Symptoms in Women With and Without Recognized Anal Sphincter Trauma." Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery 11, Supplement 1 (2005): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.spv.0000176121.02223.f0.

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29

Turel Fatakia, F., N. Subramaniam, J. Bienkiewicz, T. Friedman, and H. P. Dietz. "How repeatable is assessment of external anal sphincter trauma by exoanal 4D ultrasound?" Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 53, no. 6 (2019): 836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.20175.

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30

Turel, Friyan, Ka Lai Shek, and Hans Peter Dietz. "How Valid Is Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging in Diagnosing Levator and Anal Sphincter Trauma?" Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 38, no. 4 (2018): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jum.14767.

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31

Kamel, Hossam H., Ahmad G. Serour, and Laila AS Mousa. "Ultrasound Assessment of the Internal Anal Sphincter in Women with Fecal Incontinence and Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse (Rectocele)." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 4 (2011): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1211.

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ABSTRACT Rupture of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) causes its weakness and it will not withstand increases of abdominal pressure, and fecal incontinence (FI) will occur. Recently, we put forward a novel concept on the physiology of defecation. Defecation is divided into two stages: First stage before training and second stage starts at the age of about 2 years, when the mother starts to teach her child how to hold up himself. This is gained by maintaining high alpha-sympathetic tone at the IAS, thus keeping it closed all the time till there is a need to pass stool or flatus, and the time an

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32

Grasso, R. F., S. Piciucchi, C. C. Quattrocchi, and B. Beomonte Zobel. "Re: Three-dimensional transperineal ultrasonography for evaluation of the anal sphincter complex: another dimension in understanding peripartum sphincter trauma." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 28, no. 3 (2006): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.2854.

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33

Jones, Oliver M. "Towards Safer Treatments for Benign Anorectal Disease: The Pharmacological Manipulation of the Internal Anal Sphincter." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, no. 6 (2007): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588407x205576.

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INTRODUCTION The internal anal sphincter (IAS) is an important structure that is responsible for the majority of resting tone of the sphincter complex. It has a central role in continence and damage to the muscle has serious implications. Injury is most frequently from obstetric trauma though iatrogenic injury from proctological surgery is also common. This review expands on how developments in understanding of the pharmacology of IAS might identify drug treatments as alternatives for proctological conditions such as anal fissure, avoiding the risk of sphincter injury. It also examines the rol

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34

Eisenberg, V. H., S. Brecher, I. Yodfat, et al. "OC29.04: Risk factors for levator avulsion trauma in women with obstetric anal sphincter injuries." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 38, S1 (2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.9251.

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35

Ismail, Sharif I. M. F. "Abdul H. Sultan, Ranee Thakar, Dee E. Fenner (eds): Perineal and Anal Sphincter Trauma." International Urogynecology Journal 20, no. 4 (2008): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-008-0766-9.

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36

Dietz, H. P., J. Pardey, and H. Murray. "Pelvic floor and anal sphincter trauma should be key performance indicators of maternity services." International Urogynecology Journal 26, no. 1 (2014): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-014-2546-z.

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37

Maki, Satoshi, Kaito Nakamura, Tomonori Yamauchi, et al. "Lumbopelvic Fixation for Sacral Insufficiency Fracture Presenting with Sphincter Dysfunction." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2019 (April 7, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9097876.

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Sacral insufficiency fractures (SIFs) are common in the elderly. In patients with SIF, objective neurological abnormalities such as sphincter dysfunction or leg paresthesia are uncommon. We present a case of SIF accompanied by spinopelvic dissociation with late neurological compromise treated by spinopelvic fixation. A 61-year-old woman presented to our hospital with low back pain without obvious trauma history. She had a past history of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and treatment with steroids. Her low back pain became worse, and she started to have radiating left posterior th

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38

Komissarov, I. A., S. V. Vasil’Ev, A. I. Nedozimovannyi, and E. A. Dement’Eva. "EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION OF VOLUME FORMING AGENT «DAM+» IN TREATMENT OF ANAL INCONTINENCE ASSOCIATED WITH INCOMPETENCE AND TRAUMA OF ANAL SPHINCTER." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 175, no. 5 (2016): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2016-175-5-78-81.

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39

Rosen, H. R. "Modern concepts for the treatment of fecal incontinence." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 49, no. 2 (2002): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0202023r.

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Anal incontinence is estimated to be present in approximately 2% of the total population. However, the incidence of this disorder increases with age, affecting up to 11% of men and 26% of women after the age of 50 years. In general, the causes of long-standing fecal incontinence may be divided into anorectal or congenital malformations, perineal trauma (due to surgery or accident), pudendal nerve lesions with or without muscular injury, and low-motor neuron lesions. Classical surgical treatment includes direct repair of the circumscribed gap in the anal sphincter, the so-called overlapping sph

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40

Ali, Mahad, Richard Migisha, Joseph Ngonzi, et al. "Risk Factors for Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries among Women Delivering at a Tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Uganda." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2020 (May 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6035974.

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Background. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) arise from perineal trauma during vaginal delivery and are associated with poor maternal health outcomes. Most OASIS occur in unattended deliveries in resource-limited settings. However, even in facilities where deliveries are attended by skilled personnel, a number of women still get OASIS. Objectives. To determine the incidence and risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries among women delivering at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods. We conducted an unmatched hospital-based case control study, with the ratio of ca

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41

Prabhakaran, Madhumitha, Bharath Narayanasami, and Arcot Rekha. "Assessment of thyroid profile in patients with fissure in ano in the South Indian population." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 10 (2019): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20194426.

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Background: Hard faeces result in local trauma to the rectal mucosa which secondarily activates internal anal sphincter hypertonia. This will compress end arteries of the anus and cause ischemia of the posterior commissure and eventually anal fissures. A precipitating history of constipation is found in approximately 20% of patients with anal fissures. Constipation is one of the classic signs of hypothyroidism.Methods: Patients who presented to the surgical OPD of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, India during the months of March and April of 2019 with lower abdominal complaint

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42

Bayar, E., F. Mukri, and K. Ramalingam. "PL.79 A Clinical Audit; Risk of Subsequent Perineal Trauma After Previous Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 98, Suppl 1 (2013): A76.3—A76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-303966.261.

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43

Sultanova, S. G. "Structure, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of postoperative complications of childbirth perineal tears complicated by anal incontinence." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 5 (2015): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-779.

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Aim. Improving the results of surgical treatment of complications of second and third degree perineal tears complicated by anal incontinence. Methods. The study included 248 patients aged 16 to 50 years. The patients were allocated to three groups: the first group - 40 women who underwent traditional surgery and conservative treatment; the second group - 128 women with second degree perineal tear; group III - 80 women who underwent sphincteroplasty (I option) and sphincteroplasty combined with levatorplasty (II option) in our modification (sphincter-saving surgery with precision sutures)

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44

Valsky, D. V., S. M. Cohen, M. Lipschuetz, B. Messing, and S. Yagel. "OP34.03: III°or IV°intrapartum anal sphincter tears are a significant risk factor for levator ani trauma." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 38, S1 (2011): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.9570.

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45

Zuo, Zhongkun, Ke Ding, Tenglong Tang, et al. "Analysis of Clinical Efficiency and Safety of Laparoscopic Anus-Conserving Operation for Ultralow Rectal Cancer." American Surgeon 85, no. 5 (2019): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500533.

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To explore the efficiency and safety of laparoscopic anus-conserving operation for ultralow rectal cancer, we retrospectively reviewed 236 patients with ultralow rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic anus-conserving operation (experimental group, n = 124) or conventional open surgery (control group, n = 112). Operation-related indexes, pathological results of mesentery, incidence rates of postoperative complications, anus preservation rates, anal sphincter controllability after surgery, and survival rates of the first, second, and third years after operation were compared between the two gr

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46

Butler, Katherine, Meenakshi Ramphul, Clare Dunney, et al. "A prospective cohort study of the morbidity associated with operative vaginal deliveries performed by day and at night." BMJ Open 4, no. 10 (2014): e006291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006291.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with operative vaginal deliveries (OVDs) performed by day and at night.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUrban maternity unit in Ireland with off-site consultant staff at night.PopulationAll nulliparous women requiring an OVD with a term singleton fetus in a cephalic presentation from February to November 2013.MethodsDelivery outcomes were compared for women who delivered by day (08:00–19:59) or at night (20:00–07:59).Main outcome measuresThe main outcomes included postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), anal sphincter tear and neonatal

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47

Xu, Shiqin. "Postpartum Perineal Pain in the Absence of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: A Prospective Observational Study." Science Insights 4, no. 1 (2013): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.13.ar006.

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OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of perineal pain at early postnatal period and to assess the association between maternal, obstetric or neonatal variables and perineal pain. METHODS Three hundred and six women were followed up for perineal pain with present pain intensity (PPI) and visual rating scale (VRS) components of the validated short-form McGill pain scale. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify which characteristics of the patients and neonates were independent determinants of perineal pain. RESULTS The incidence of per

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48

Oliveira, Larissa Santos, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito, Silvana Maria Quintana, Geraldo Duarte, and Alessandra Cristina Marcolin. "Perineal trauma after vaginal delivery in healthy pregnant women." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 132, no. 4 (2014): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1324710.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Despite all the medical care provided during delivery labor, perineal injury is still prevalent and may lead to diverse pelvic floor disorders. The aim here was to investigate the prevalence of obstetric and anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in healthy pregnant women after vaginal delivery.DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross-sectional study involving 3,034 patients with singletons in a secondary hospital for low-risk cases.METHODS:A standardized questionnaire was prepared and applied to medical files that had been completely filled out (classification of the Royal College of Obstetric

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49

Lanto, Rainibarijaona, Rakotonirina Martial, Rakotozanany Besaina, Ratsiatosika Tanjona, Randriamahavonjy Romuald, and Andrianampanalinarivo Rakotovao Hery. "A case of recto-vaginal obstetrical fistula treated by the Martius lamp, seen at Befelatanana Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (2020): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202758.

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The rectovaginal fistulas are a pathological epithelialized communication between the vagina and the rectum, its frequency is 10 to 30%, and it is a disabling pathology because of the social repercussion. Many flap techniques have been described but the aim is to present a simple procedure according to a particular technique called Martius. This is a case of woman presenting a low rectovaginal fistula on obstetrical trauma. The surgical technique consists of a repair according to the technique of Martius. The operative follow-up was simple and the patient was able to resume sexual activity and

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Frudinger, Andrea, Steve Halligan, Clive I. Bartram, John Spencer, Michael A. Kamm, and Raimund Winter. "Assessment of the Predictive Value of a Bowel Symptom Questionnaire in Identifying Perianal and Anal Sphincter Trauma After Vaginal Delivery." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 46, no. 6 (2003): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10350-004-6651-9.

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