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Books on the topic 'Analgesia - Controle'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Foundation, Lisa Sainsbury, ed. Pain control. London: Austen Cornish in association with the Lisa Sainsbury Foundation, 1987.

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2

Foundation, Lisa Sainsbury, ed. Pain control. 2nd ed. London: Austen Cornish Publishers in association with the Lisa Sainsbury Foundation, 1991.

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3

Latham, Jane. Pain control. 2nd ed. London: Mosby, 1994.

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4

Richards, Sarah. Which analgesia?: Guidelines to pharmacological pain control. London: Macmillan Magazines, 1997.

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5

Subhedar, Dilip V. Handbook of patient-controlled analgesia. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

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6

J, Thomas Veronica, ed. Patient controlled analgesia: Confidence in postoperative pain control. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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7

Network, Scottish Cancer Therapy, ed. Control of pain in patients with cancer. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2000.

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8

International Symposium on Pain Control (1986 Cannes, France). 1986 International Symposium on Pain Control. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1987.

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9

Network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines. Control of pain in patients with cancer: Quick reference guide. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2000.

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10

M, Tocher Jennifer, ed. Pain in childbearing and its control. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

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11

Edinburgh Symposium on Pain Control and Medical Education (1988). The Edinburgh Symposium on Pain Control and Medical Education: Proceedings of a symposium, sponsored by Napp Laboratories, held in Edinburgh, October 1988. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1989.

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12

Pain in childbearing and its control. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998.

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13

D, Robb Nigel, and Seymour R. A, eds. Pain and the anxiety control for the conscious dental patient. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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14

1935-, Band P. R., Stewart J. H. 1951-, and Towson R. T. 1920-, eds. Advances in the management of chronic pain: International Symposium on Pain Control, Toronto, Canada. Toronto: Purdue Frederick, 1986.

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15

Pain control. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1994.

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16

Benjamin, Sue. Control of pain in rheumatoid arthritis following education in the regular use of simple analgesia. Poole: Bournemouth University, 1996.

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17

Harold, Merskey, Prkachin Kenneth Martin 1950-, and Canadian Pain Society, eds. The prevention of postoperative pain: Proceedings of the symposium, prevention and control of postoperative pain, from the 1991 annual meeting of the Canadian Pain Society. London, Ont: Canadian Pain Society = Societé canadienne pour le traitement de la douleur, 1993.

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18

Chaitow, Leon. Aprender a vencer el dolor por la vía natural: Cómo romper el ciclo del dolor y recuperar el control de tu vida. Barcelona: Oniro, 2003.

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19

Ryczko, Michael Christopher. Pulsed magnetic fields as analgesics for thermal nociception in the rat: "Designer Electromagnetic Patterns" for pain control. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Behavioural Neuroscience Program, 2001.

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20

Faguet, Guy B. Pain control and drug policy: A time for change. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.

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21

Faguet, Guy B. Pain control and drug policy: A time for change. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.

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22

Faguet, Guy B. Pain control and drug policy: A time for change. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.

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23

Pain control and drug policy: A time for change. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.

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24

Chang, Daniel, Mia Castro, Vineetha S. Ratnamma, Alessandra Verzelloni, Dionne Rudison, and Nalini Vadivelu. Preemptive, Preventive, and Multimodal Analgesia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0004.

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Preemptive analgesia focuses on postoperative pain control and the prevention of central sensitization and chronic neuropathic pain by providing analgesia administered preoperatively. Preventive analgesia reduces postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics, and this appears to be the most effective means of decreasing postoperative pain. Preventive analgesia, which includes multimodal preoperative and postoperative analgesic therapies, results in decreased postoperative pain and less postoperative consumption of analgesics. Several advances have been made in our understanding of pain signaling pathways, which have since enabled caregivers to treat pain using a multimodal (or “balanced”) approach to providing adequate pain relief while minimizing side effects. This allows for a reduction in the doses of individual drugs and thus a lower incidence of adverse effects from any particular medication used for analgesia.
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25

Dashfield, Adrian. Acute pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0040.

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This chapter discusses the management of acute pain. It begins with an introduction which describes the benefits of acute pain management and the measurement of pain. Analgesic drugs are then described, including paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids (including their comparative efficacy). Patient-controlled analgesia, epidural analgesia, and continuous peripheral nerve blockade are described. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture are discussed. The management of the patient with a substance misuse disorder is discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of non-opioid adjuvant analgesics.
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26

Dashfield, Adrian. Acute pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0040_update_001.

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This chapter discusses the management of acute pain. It begins with an introduction which describes the benefits of acute pain management and the measurement of pain. Analgesic drugs are then described, including paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids (including their comparative efficacy). Patient-controlled analgesia, epidural analgesia, and continuous peripheral nerve blockade are described. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture are discussed. The management of the patient with a substance misuse disorder is discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of non-opioid adjuvant analgesics.
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27

Quinlan, Jane. Post-operative pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0060.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter, published in 2002 by Dolin et al., examines the incidence of moderate-to-severe pain and severe pain after major surgery with three analgesic techniques: intramuscular analgesia, patient-controlled analgesia, and epidural analgesia. Up until 1990, intramuscular morphine was the main form of post-operative pain control, with patient-controlled analgesia and epidural analgesia as relatively new techniques. The authors found that the mean incidence of moderate-to-severe pain was more common with intramuscular analgesia (67%) than with patient-controlled analgesia (36%) or epidural analgesia (21%), while the incidence of severe pain was similar, with the incidence of pain with intramuscular analgesia being highest (29%), followed by that associated with patient-controlled analgesia (10%) and epidural (8%). Of note, only patient-controlled analgesia and epidural achieved the Audit Commission’s 1997 standard of no more than 20% of patients experiencing severe pain, while no technique reached their 2002 standard of less than 5%.
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28

Chapman, Suzanne. The advent of patient-controlled analgesia for post-operative analgesia. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0050.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Patient-controlled analgesia: A new concept of postoperative pain relief’, published by Bennett et al. in 1982. This paper presents data from two investigations in which patient-controlled analgesia using morphine was evaluated in patients who had undergone elective gastric bypass surgery for the management of morbid obesity. The paper shows that patient-controlled analgesia achieved adequate analgesia more often than conventional intermittent analgesia did when both administration methods were compared, but with less sedation. In addition, patients who had experienced both methods of analgesia felt that patient-controlled analgesia was superior. The paper also demonstrates that individuals can vary in their analgesic requirements.
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29

Howard, Richard F. Acute pain in children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234721.003.0010.

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Age and maturity affect the perception and expression of pain in children. A variety of pain assessment tools are needed to cover different age groups. The British National Formulary for Children is a source of correct formulations and doses of analgesics for children of different ages. Neonates show very high interindividual response to analgesic drugs. Between 2yrs and 12yrs, the clearance of drugs exceeds that of adults and relatively higher doses may be needed. Patient-controlled, nurse-controlled, and neuraxial analgesia can all be used in infants and children. Reducing procedural pain in children is important and requires a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.
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30

Armstrong, Sarah L., and Gary M. Stocks. Postoperative analgesia after caesarean delivery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0024.

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Caesarean delivery (CD) is one of the most common operations in the world and providing effective pain relief is important not only for humanitarian reasons but also to speed up recovery and reduce postoperative complications. An understanding of the anatomy and physiology of pain transmission after CD has led to a multimodal approach to analgesia. This involves combining analgesics which work by different mechanisms resulting in an additive effect whilst at the same time reducing side effects. In contemporary practice, most CDs are carried out under neuraxial anaesthesia and neuraxial techniques using either intrathecal or epidural opioids have become central to the provision of effective postoperative analgesia. They reduce the need for systemic opioid analgesia and have few side effects, respiratory depression being the most significant but extremely uncommon. In circumstances where it is not possible to use neuraxial analgesia, for example, after general anaesthesia, other techniques such as intravenous patient-controlled analgesia using opioids and the transversus abdominis plane block have been shown to be effective. As part of the multimodal analgesic approach, many patients will require systemic analgesics to further improve pain relief and to limit side effects. Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are now widely established in the management of postoperative CD pain where they have been shown to potentiate opioid effects, decrease opioid consumption, reduce side effects, and complement the somatic pain relief provided by opioids. As part of a step-down approach after primary management with neuraxial or intravenous opioids, oral opioids are often required as part of a multimodal regimen.
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31

Natural pain control. Chivers, 1989.

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32

Candido, Kenneth D., and Teresa M. Kusper. Long-Acting Perioperative Opioids. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0009.

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Opioid medications are extensively utilized in the management of acute and chronic pain in the outpatient and inpatient clinical settings, as well as being used worldwide during both routine and complex surgeries. They have a long-standing, proven history of providing pain control during the perioperative period and have become an indispensable element of postsurgical analgesia. This chapter describes perioperative application of opioid medications, with a special focus on the long-acting opioids, morphine and hydromorphone. Most common side effects engendered using these agents and the remedies available for the treatment of those side effects are briefly discussed. Finally, the chapter provides a concise summery of various factors influencing the effectiveness of opioid analgesics, as well as analgesic considerations for special patient populations.
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33

Michael, Ferrante F., Ostheimer Gerard W, and Covino Benjamin G. 1930-, eds. Patient-controlled analgesia. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990.

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34

Patient-controlled analgesia. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990.

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35

Kim, Chang-Yeon, Charles Chang, Raysa Cabrejo, and James Yue. Lumbosacral Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the options for managing pain after orthopedic spinal surgery in the lumbosacral spine. It reviews the pain syndromes associated with different approaches to the lumbar spine. The chapter explores specific pain syndromes such as failed back syndrome while noting that the majority of pain after spinal surgery results from dissection of soft tissue and muscles. The chapter then discusses oral and parenteral methods for analgesia, as well as spinal and regional nerve blockade. It provides details on the common regimens for pain management including the use of opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentin, acetaminophen, ketamine, and patient-controlled analgesia (both classical intravenous and transdermal iterations). The chapter also notes the use of multimodal analgesic regimens to promote pain control while reducing the risk of opioid-related adverse effects.
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36

The Edinburgh symposium on pain control and medical education. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1989.

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37

The Edinburgh Sypmosium on Pain Control and Medical Education. Royal Society of Medicine Services Ltd, 1989.

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38

Dodds, Chris, Chandra M. Kumar, and Frédérique Servin. Postoperative care and analgesia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735571.003.0011.

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There are many reasons for delayed recovery, but, usually, it is due to residual effects of anaesthetic agents/premedication. There are guidelines for recognizing and managing these cases. Emergence delirium may be dangerous, and it should be recognized and treated as an emergency. Elderly patients may have impaired hearing and vision. Spectacles and hearing aids should be given back to them as soon as possible in the recovery area to limit disorientation. Pain and its intensity may be difficult to recognize and quantify in the elderly. Increased inter-individual variability in the elderly means that titration to effect rather than a fixed dosage is essential, and when the mental status of the patient allows it, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is quite appropriate.
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39

Sia, Alex Tiong Heng, Ban Leong Sng, and Serene Leo. Maintenance of neuraxial labour analgesia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0015.

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Labour pain may be treated with epidural analgesia providing effective pain relief with no maternal sedation to allow maternal participation in the labouring process. Epidural analgesia is commonly initiated using an epidural or combined spinal–epidural technique. Most epidural maintenance regimens would include a long-acting amide anaesthetic in low concentration together with a lipophilic opioid to maximize analgesia whilst reducing motor blockade. With the advent of advanced infusion delivery systems, maintenance of epidural analgesia may be individualized through the use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia systems. Patient self-administered bolus is used as a feedback to increase local anaesthetic use when labour pain intensifies. Recent developments in pump technology and innovations have enabled novel epidural delivery systems such as automated mandatory boluses, variable frequency automated mandatory boluses, and computer integrated patient controlled epidural analgesia.
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40

Pain Control. Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2000.

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41

Fomberstein, Kenneth, Marissa Rubin, Dipan Patel, John-Paul Sara, and Abhishek Gupta. Perioperative Opioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0004.

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This chapter compares the basic properties of several opioid analgesics and explores their applications in perioperative pain control in spine surgery. Parenteral opioids have long been the cornerstone of treatment for postoperative pain; they work by inhibiting voltage-gated calcium channels and increasing potassium influx, which results in reduced neuronal excitability, thereby inhibiting the ascending transmission of painful stimuli and activating the descending inhibitory pathways. This chapter reviews concepts including opioid conversion and rotation, opioid tolerance, and opioid cross-tolerance. It discusses common opioid side effects, and it explores the perioperative use of several specific opioids including remifentanil, sufentanil, methadone, oxycodone, morphine, and tapentadol and discusses their use in spine surgery. Additionally, this chapter discusses patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and its importance in postoperative pain control.
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42

Qureshi, M. A., J. H. Gan, S. Kunnumpurath, Clara Pau, Alice Kai, Zachariah Mirsky, William Park, and Nalini Vadivelu. Preventive Analgesia for the Management of General Surgical Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0002.

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Pain created by surgery has the ability to produce both structural and functional changes in pain pathways. These changes may be reduced if timely and adequate pain relief is delivered to the patient. Poor control of pain can result in remodeling of the “hardwired” pathways involved in pain transmission, which can result in central sensitization and hyperalgesia. Furthermore, poorly controlled pain and delay in its recognition may lead to a chronic pain state, further complicating the patient’s recovery and quality of life. A multimodal approach taking into account psychosocial aspects of the patient is more likely to mitigate the development of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP).
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43

United States. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, ed. Pain control after surgery: A patient's guide. Rockville, MD (2101 E. Jefferson St., Suite 501, Rockville 20852): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1992.

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44

Carolyn, Middleton, ed. Epidural analgesia in acute pain management. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

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45

Middleton, Carolyn. Epidural Analgesia in Acute Pain Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.

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46

Desroches, Julie. Peripheral analgesia involves cannabinoid receptors. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0034.

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This landmark paper by Agarwal and colleagues was published in 2007, when the exact contribution of the activation of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) receptors expressed on the peripheral terminals of nociceptors in pain modulation was still uncertain. At that time, while it was clearly demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) was involved in the antinociceptive effects induced by the activation of the CB1 receptor, many strains of mice in which the gene encoding the CB1 receptor was deleted by conditional mutagenesis were used to study the specific role of these receptors in pain. Creating an ingenious model of genetically modified mice with a conditional deletion of the CB1 receptor gene exclusively in the peripheral nociceptors, Agarwal and colleagues were the first to unequivocally demonstrate the major role of this receptor in the control of pain at the peripheral level. In fact, these mutant mice lacking CB1 receptors only in sensory neurons (those expressing the sodium channel Nav1.8) have been designed to highlight that CB1 receptors on nociceptors, and not those within the CNS, constitute an important target for mediating local or systemic (but not intrathecal) cannabinoid analgesia. Overall, they have clarified the anatomical locus of cannabinoid-induced analgesia, highlighted the potential significance of peripheral CB1-mediated cannabinoid analgesia, and revealed important insights into how the peripheral endocannabinoid system works in controlling both inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain.
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47

Bogue, Jarrod T., and Christine H. Rohde. Pain Management in Breast Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0010.

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Plastic surgeons frequently perform surgery on the breasts, for both cosmetic and reconstructive purposes. Pain after breast surgery can be a significant issue and is often a source of great concern for patients. Conventional pain control methods rely on opioid pain medications. These medications are plagued by side effects and contribute to opioid misuse, addiction, and abuse. Novel pain control regimens utilizing nonopioid alternatives are paramount to stemming the use of opioids while providing adequate postoperative pain control. Choices for pain control in patients undergoing breast surgery include, but are not limited to, local analgesia, regional blocks, nonpharmacologic options, enhanced recovery protocols, tumescent techniques, and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Multimodal approaches taking advantage of these nonopioid analgesic options are available and evidence-based.
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48

Welchew, Edward. Patient Controlled Analgesia: Principles and Practice Series (Principles and Practice of Gynecologic Oncology (Hoskins)). Wiley-Blackwell, 1995.

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49

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal. TMS and pain. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0046.

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Few clinical investigations show that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the brain could produce analgesia. Apart from the relationship between TMS and pain with respect to the clinical observation of rTMS-induced analgesic effects, this article also reviews the effects of pain on motor cortex excitability assessed by single or paired-pulse TMS and the results obtained by applying peripheral magnetic stimulation to treat musculoskeletal pain. This article discusses the effects of acute phasic provoked pain, and prolonged tonic provoked pain on motor cortex excitability. The analgesic effects resulting from a single session of rTMS are too short-lived and thereby incompatible with a durable control of chronic pain. Repeated sessions of rTMS on consecutive days produce cumulative effects. However, repeated daily rTMS sessions can be applied to control pain syndromes for a limited period. Further work is needed to define the ultimate clinical role of TMS in the management of pain.
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50

Swarm, Robert A., Menelaos Karanikolas, Lesley K. Rao, and Michael J. Cousins. Interventional approaches for chronic pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0098.

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Severe, uncontrolled pain remains common in populations with serious or life-threatening illness. Despite the availability of oral opioid therapy in most developed countries, an estimated 10-30% of people with advanced cancer have inadequate pain control. Published guidelines endorse the view that these patients should be considered for procedural, or so-called interventional, pain therapies. Generally accepted indications for interventional pain therapies include (a) uncontrolled pain despite systemic analgesics and (b) unacceptable systemic analgesic adverse effects. This chapter describes these therapies and discusses how they are best used within a multimodal strategy for symptom management. Interventional pain therapies are now incorporated into best practices for cancer pain management. These therapies, especially spinal analgesics, neurolytic coeliac plexus block, and vertebroplasty, have become essential components of palliative care, to control pain that cannot be safely and effectively managed with systemic analgesics.
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