Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analgesic properties of plants'
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Mills, Clive. "Saponins from Barringtonia acutangula and Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase Activity by Acacia Extracts." Thesis, Griffith University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366502.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Science
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Sampson, Julia Helen. "The search for analgesic drugs from higher plants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338429.
Full textZou, Hongyuan. "Research of antiphlogistic and analgesic properties of American ginsengng." Магістерська робота, Kyiv National University of Technology and Design, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19272.
Full textПротизапальну активність і знеболюючу активність американського женьшеню було підтверджено на модельному організмі рибок даніо. Вивчено можливість промислового виробництва дрібнодисперсного порошку коренів американського женьшеню, з руйнуванням рослинної клітинної стінки. Рибок даніо використовували як модель для оцінки протизапальної активності. Були індуковані моделі запалення з ліпополісахаридом ендотоксину, фенілтіомочевиною, 2,4,6-тринітробензолсульфоновою кислотою і модель індукованого запалення після ампутації хвостового плавцю (травматична). Результати дослідження активності рибок даніо показали, що на всіх вищезгаданих моделях запалення підтвердили протизапальну активність Panax quinquefolium дозозалежним чином у межах безпечної дози. Ультраподрібнення коренів американського женьшеню збільшує швидкість вивільнення лікарської речовини, покращує розчинення активних фармацевтичних інгредієнтів та сприяє їх всмоктуванню в організмі, забезпечуючи міцну теоретичну основу та підтримку для розвитку промислових досліджень.
Grant, Louise. "The putative anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419744.
Full textOlajide, O. A., A. A. Ajayi, and Colin W. Wright. "Anti-inflammatory properties of cryptolepine." John Wiley & Sons, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4536.
Full textCryptolepine is the major alkaloid of the West African shrub, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. Cryptolepine has been shown to inhibit nitric oxide production, and DNA binding of Nuclear Factor-kappa B following inflammatory stimuli in vitro. In order to validate the anti-inflammatory property of this compound in vivo, we investigated its effects on a number of animal models of inflammation. Cryptolepine (10¿40 mg/kg i.p.) produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, and carrageenaninduced pleurisy in rats. These effects were compared with those of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At doses of 10¿40 mg/kg i.p., cryptolepine inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microvascular permeability in mice in a dose-related fashion. Oral administration of up to 40 mg/kg of the compound for four consecutive days did not induce gastric lesion formation in rats. Analgesic activity was also exhibited by cryptolepine through a dose-related (10¿40 mg/kg i.p.) inhibition of writhing induced by i.p. administration of acetic acid in mice. The results of this study reveal that cryptolepine possesses in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neddenriep, Bradley. "The Analgesic-Like Properties of Alcohol in Animal Models of Chronic Pain." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5923.
Full textMcKay, J. S. "The influence of opiates on ion transport across rabbit ileal mucosa in vitro." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377604.
Full textMcReynolds, Kim, and Cori Dolan. "Invasive Plants on Small Acreage Properties in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144770.
Full textTips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Series -- Plants Unit
The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Plant Unit includes fact sheets on Arizona's native plant law, small-scale gardening, pasture establishment, invasive plants, and assessing plant damage.
Forsik, Stéphane Alexis Jacques. "Mechanical properties of materials for fusion power plants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/221725.
Full textMcReynolds, Kim, and Cori Dolan. "Invasive Plants on Small Acreage Properties in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625562.
Full textInvasive plants are plants that have been accidentally or intentionally introduced to an area outside their original range and become problematic in their new environment by interfering with native or desirable species. Landowners can help prevent the spread and assist in controlling these invasive plants. Revised 11/2016. Originally published 01/2010.
Van, Heerden Melanie. "Antioxidant properties of South African plants / Melanie van Heerden." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4302.
Full textThesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
Hepworth, David G. "The mechanical properties of tobacco plants with genetically modified lignin." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339456.
Full textNcube, Nqobile S. "Antibacterial properties of the methanol extract of helichrysum pedunculatum." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/461.
Full textHuang, Xiaohua. "The fracture properties of wood from transgenic plants with modified lignification." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405465.
Full textBurch, L. R. "Properties of enzymes acting on cytokinins and other purines in plants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356795.
Full textRoberts, Lyndal, and lyndalroberts@gmail com. "Australian Ganoderma : identification, growth & antibacterial properties." Swinburne University of Technology. Environment and Biotechnology Centre, 2004. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060109.114954.
Full textNguyen-Phan, Cam-Tu. "Chemical and biological properties of a wall-enzyme activating factor from plants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16205.
Full textSamineni, Vijaya K. "The role of the periaqueductal gray in modulation of acute and chronic pain: Actions of drugs with analgesic properties on periaqueductal gray neuronal network." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/701.
Full textNg'uni, Tiza Lucy. "Medicinal uses of Galenia africana: A study of the antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5670.
Full textOver the years, microorganisms have become resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents leading to multidrug resistance. This is believed to occur even with new classes of therapeutic agents thus creating a challenge on the global healthcare system. The study of medicinal plants allows for their possible use as alternative therapeutic agents. Galenia africana (G. africana) is a South African medicinal plant with numerous health benefits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties of the ethanolic extract of G. africana. Prior to evaluating these properties, in vitro and in vivo acute toxicity studies were conducted to assess the toxicity profile of G. africana. The toxicity profile of the G. africana extract was evaluated using acute toxicity studies conducted in animal and reconstituted human epidermis skin models. The results of the acute oral and dermal toxicity studies revealed that the median lethal dosage (LD50) for G. africana extract in Sprague-Dawley rats was considered to exceed 2000 mg/kg. In the dermal sensitization study, the stimulation index (SI) values for the mice treated with the G. africana extract at concentrations of 25% (50 mg/ml), 50% (100 mg/ml), and 100% (200 mg/ml), when compared to the control group, were 1.3, 0.9 and 1.3, respectively which did not result in an SI value of ? 3 in any group. Hence, it did not elicit a hypersensitivity response. In the irritation test, the G. africana (concentrate) and G. africana (in-use dilution) extracts were non-irritant on the reconstituted human epidermis.
Azman, Nurul Aini Binti Mohd. "Investigation of the antioxidant properties of five aromatic plants in model food systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/335274.
Full textSe ha analizado la actividad antioxidante de cinco plantas: Camelia sinensis, Gentian lutea, Betula pendula, Convolvulus arvensis y Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Se ha puesto a punto, con el té blanco, la Resonancia Paramagnética Electrónica (EPR) para determinar la actividad antiradicalaria frente al radical metoxi, usando como patrón el ácido ferúlico. Se ha demostrado que los componentes del té con más actividad antiradicalaria, frente a los radicales metoxi, son los que tienen el grupo galato, EGCG y ECG. Se han obtenido, por extracción hidroalcohólica, los principios activos de la raíz de genciana y se ha demostrado su actividad antioxidante tanto en métodos in vitro como en modelos de alimentos. La actividad antiradicalaria de dichos extractos se determinó por FRAP, DPPH, TEAC y ORAC. El liofilizado del extracto, añadido a la carne de ternera ecológica en proporción 0,2 % (en masa), inhibió la oxidación de la carne (medida por TBARs), tanto en atmósferas de alto contenido en oxígeno (80% en volumen) como de bajo contenido (20% en volumen). La adición simultánea de ácido ascórbico (0,5% en masa) produjo mejoras significativas en el color y en la estabilidad. El extracto liofilizado (0,5 % en masa) también inhibió la oxidación en sistemas modelo, emulsiones de aceite en agua, almacenadas en condiciones de oxidación forzada y con agitación constante. La adición de la proteína BSA (0,1 % en masa) mostró efecto sinérgico y aumento la estabilidad de la emulsión frente a la oxidación. El análisis cuantitativo mediante HPLC mostró que la genciana contenía glucósidos secoiridoides (gentiopiocrosido y swerosido) y la adición post-columna del radical catiónico ABTS, demostró la actividad antiradicalaria de cada uno de sus compuestos. Para Convulvuvus y Betula se determinó el efecto de la polaridad del disolvente en la extracción de los polifenoles totales (por el método de Folin Ciocalteau). El extracto de etanol al 50% fue el que obtuvo mejores resultados. Se analizó la actividad antiradicalaria del extracto de Convulvuvus mediante el TEAC, el FRAP, el ORAC y frente al radical metoxi (por EPR). Además se añadió el extracto liofilizado a hamburguesas de carne picada en diferentes proporciones (0,1 y 0,3 % en masa). Se almacenó en atmósfera modificada (80% de O2 y 20% de CO2). Finalmente se diseñó un film comestible de gelatina con el extracto de Convulvuvus. Todos los ensayos mostraron capacidad de proteger las hamburguesas frente a la oxidación. Se determinó la actividad antiradicalaria del extracto de Betula por TEAC, ORAC, FRAP y frente al radical metoxi (por EPR). Se identificaron por HPLC algunos de sus ácidos fenólicos. Se hicieron hamburguesas con una proporción de 0,1% y 0,3%, en masa, del extracto liofilizado y se almacenaron en refrigeración (4ºC) y en atmósfera modificada (80% O2 y 20% CO2). Se analizó el cambio de color y el cambio en el porcentaje de metamioglobina, así como el grado de oxidación (a través del TBARs). Los dos porcentajes proporcionaron mejoras significativas en todos los parámetros estudiados. La última parte de esta tesis se centró en el estudio de la Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Se determinó la actividad antiradicalaria frente al ABTS·+ y frente al radical metoxi (por EPR). Se añadió a emulsiones de aceite en agua un porcentaje de 0,1 % en masa del extracto liofilizado. Se midió la oxidación por VP y TBARs. Se produjo un retraso significativo en la oxidación. Se incorporó extracto a films comestibles de gelatina con 0,1 % en masa. Si dicho film protege la hamburguesa, aumenta su vida útil. En conclusión, las 5 plantas presentadas en este estudio tienen una actividad antioxidante (en las proporciones utilizadas) que las hace aptas para formular nuevos alimentos, más estables en el tiempo frente a la oxidación sin el uso de los controvertidos antioxidantes sintéticos. Además podrán proporcionar ventajas adicionales (incorporación de antioxidantes naturales), lo que permitiría obtener alimentos funcionales.
Uche, Fidelia Ijeoma. "Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of anticancer and antimalarial properties of four medicinal plants." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3080/.
Full textAlgar, Natalie. "Stretched to the limit : leaf tensile properties and lignin content of resurrection plants." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24939.
Full textAl-Dulaimi, Omar Ahmed Abass. "Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of four plants indicated for traditional medicine use." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3078/.
Full textNguyen, Dang Minh Chanh, and Woo Jin Jung. "Nematicidal properties of crude extracts obtained from medicinal plants against rootlesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190790.
Full textTrong nghiên cứu này, 5 cây thuốc (Cinnamomum camphora, Jasminum suptriplinerve, Premna integrifolia, Terminalia nigrovenulosa, Treptocaulon juventas) đã được sử dụng làm nguyên liệu chiết xuất bằng methanol để thử hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng Pratylenchus coffeae. Kết quả cho thấy chiết xuất từ cây Terminalia nigrovenulosa biểu hiện hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng cao nhất (95,0%) sau 9 giờ xử lý với nồng độ 5 mg/ml. Hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng của các chất chiết xuất được biểu hiện theo thứ tự giảm dần lần lượt là C. camphora (66,7%), J. suptriplinerve (30,8%), P. integrifolia (6,7%) và T. juventas (5,8%). Với nồng độ 2 mg/ml của chất chiết xuất từ T. nigrovenulossa biểu hiện hoạt tính gây chết tuyến trùng Pratylenchuss coffeae là 13,3; 42,5; 62,5 và 86,7% sau 1, 3, 5 và 7 giờ xử lý theo thứ tự. Ở cùng thời điểm sau xử lý 7 giờ, các nồng độ 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa có hoạt tính gây chết tuyến trùng Pratylenchus coffeae lần lượt là 26,7; 71,7; 78,3 và 86,7%. Bên cạnh đó, chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa cũng cho thấy tỷ lệ ức chế trứng nở cao. Cụ thể là sau 3 ngày xử lý với chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa, tỷ lệ ức chế trứng không nở là 60,0; 45,8; 17,5 và 5,8% at 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml theo thứ tự. Sau 6 ngày xử lý với chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa, tỷ lệ ức chế trứng nở là 65,0; 50,8; 21,7 và 6,7% tại nồng độ 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml theo thứ tự. Tỷ lệ gây chết và tỷ lệ ức chế của chất chiết xuất phụ thuộc vào cả thời gian và nồng độ xử lý
Eichelbaum, Steven Ross. "Screening of Plants for Antibacterial Properties: Growth Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by Artemisia Tridentata." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3526.
Full textPenduka, Dambudzo. "Assessment of the anti-Listerial properties of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015527.
Full textNguyen, San. "Inhibitory Properties of Functional Food Plants on CYP Enzymes and Cree Traditional Medicines on Aldose Reductase." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20070.
Full textNous avons étudié dans cette thèse les capacités de 46 plantes comestibles, disponibles sur le marché canadien, à inhiber le cytochrome P450 (CYP), enzyme responsable du métabolisme des médicaments, les propriétés antimicrobiennes, et les propriétés inhibitrices de l'aldose réductase à partir de 17 médicaments antidiabétiques traditionnellement utilisés par les Cris. Les profils de l'activité inhibitrice du CYP 3A4, 3A5, 3A7 et 2D6 ont été réalisés pour les 46 plantes à l'étude. Les plantes les plus actives dans le test d'inhibition du CYP furent les épices, plantes appartenant aux familles des Apiaceae et Lamiaceae. De même, les plantes les plus actives dans le bioessai antimicrobien furent aussi les plantes de ces deux mêmes familles. Un homogénat de cristallin de porc a été utilisé comme modèle nouveau pour le test d'inhibition de l'aldose réductase. Plusieurs plantes, utilisées par la nation Cri, qui ont été sélectionnées pour l'étude ont montré une forte activité inhibitrice de l’aldose réductase, principalement dans les échantillons qui contenaient des teneurs élevées en composés phénoliques. Une corrélation positive a été observée entre la teneur totale en composés phénoliques et l'inhibition de l'aldose réductase (r2 = 0.44, p = 0.05). Des extraits bruts de Rhododendron groenlandicum ont montré des activités inhibitrices de 35.11 ± 0.16%. Le sous-fractionnement et l'analyse HPLC de R. groenlandicum ont aussi révélé des teneurs élevées des composés phénoliques, incluant la catéchine, l'épicatéchine, la quercétine et les glycosides de quercétine. Cette étude a montré que les plantes médicinales et alimentaires contiennent des composés phytochimiques qui peuvent avoir à la fois des effets biologiques bénéfique et préjudiciable.
Nguyen, Dang Minh Chanh, and Woo Jin Jung. "Nematicidal properties of crude extracts obtained from medicinal plants against rootlesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29108.
Full textTrong nghiên cứu này, 5 cây thuốc (Cinnamomum camphora, Jasminum suptriplinerve, Premna integrifolia, Terminalia nigrovenulosa, Treptocaulon juventas) đã được sử dụng làm nguyên liệu chiết xuất bằng methanol để thử hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng Pratylenchus coffeae. Kết quả cho thấy chiết xuất từ cây Terminalia nigrovenulosa biểu hiện hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng cao nhất (95,0%) sau 9 giờ xử lý với nồng độ 5 mg/ml. Hoạt tính kháng tuyến trùng của các chất chiết xuất được biểu hiện theo thứ tự giảm dần lần lượt là C. camphora (66,7%), J. suptriplinerve (30,8%), P. integrifolia (6,7%) và T. juventas (5,8%). Với nồng độ 2 mg/ml của chất chiết xuất từ T. nigrovenulossa biểu hiện hoạt tính gây chết tuyến trùng Pratylenchuss coffeae là 13,3; 42,5; 62,5 và 86,7% sau 1, 3, 5 và 7 giờ xử lý theo thứ tự. Ở cùng thời điểm sau xử lý 7 giờ, các nồng độ 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa có hoạt tính gây chết tuyến trùng Pratylenchus coffeae lần lượt là 26,7; 71,7; 78,3 và 86,7%. Bên cạnh đó, chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa cũng cho thấy tỷ lệ ức chế trứng nở cao. Cụ thể là sau 3 ngày xử lý với chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa, tỷ lệ ức chế trứng không nở là 60,0; 45,8; 17,5 và 5,8% at 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml theo thứ tự. Sau 6 ngày xử lý với chất chiết xuất của T. nigrovenulossa, tỷ lệ ức chế trứng nở là 65,0; 50,8; 21,7 và 6,7% tại nồng độ 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 và 2,0 mg/ml theo thứ tự. Tỷ lệ gây chết và tỷ lệ ức chế của chất chiết xuất phụ thuộc vào cả thời gian và nồng độ xử lý.
Tippett, Mark Donovan. "Impacts of timber harvesting on soil physical properties in wetlands." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020154/.
Full textDocker, Benjamin Brougham. "Biotechnical engineering on alluvial riverbanks of southeastern Australia a quantified model of the earth-reinforcing properties of some native riparian trees /." Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1688.
Full textDegree awarded 2004; thesis submitted 2003. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science. Title from title screen (viewed 13 January 2009). Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
Yengkopiong, P. J. "The assessment of the therapeutic and toxicological properties of carpobrotus acinaciformis and schkuhria pinnata used in traditional medicine in South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/846.
Full textBranco, Ana Carolina Franco Versos Brígida. "Caracterização nutricional e toxicológica de espécies de plantas silvestres. Análise mineral, antioxidante e de lectinas." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8510.
Full textIn the present work, leaves of four wild plants (Rumex crispus (curly dock), Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard), Beta maritima (sea beet) and Sonchus oleraceus (sow thistle)) were studied in order to analyse for their mineral composition, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and detection of lectins (anti-nutritive compound). The mineral and antioxidant study of different species was compared with cultivated plants of same family (rhubarb, turnip greens, common chard and lettuce). In wild plants, per 100 g of part edible, the elements most notably were magnesium (52.70 mg), iron (2.69 mg) and zinc (0.46 mg). The phenolic content varied between 891.55 and 105.84 mg GAE/ 100 g dry weight and the leaves of Rumex crispus had an antioxidant capacity three times higher than other species. All extracts, except Rumex crispus, revealed presence of lectins in leaves subject to thermal treatment. These results suggest that leaves of Rumex cripus may have potential in the food industry and the lectins of other species could have various applications. Further research is needed for a more complete characterization these plants and its uses
Gutu, Ketema Tolossa. "Bioassay-guided phytochemical study of indigenous medicinal plants of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28964.
Full textPolori, Ketlareng Liza. "The medicinal properties of ipomoea oblongata E.Mey. ex Choisy." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/671.
Full textTraditional medicine has been known by mankind since ancient times as a healthcare system. All cultures have used herbs throughout history and it was an integral part of the development of modern civilization. Primitive man observed and appreciated the great diversity of plants available to him. Plants provided food, clothes, shelter and medicine and still play a vital role in rural villages of South Africa. The medicinal uses of plants and animals have been developed through trial and error. Herbal plants produce and contain a wide variety of chemical substances that act upon the body’s immune system. The medicinal properties of Ipomoea oblongata (E.Mey.ex Choisy) in this study was to determine the phytochemical content, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties of I. oblongata (Mothokho), a medicinal plant used by traditional medical practitioners of Thaba-Nchu in the Free State. The study was carried out in order to validate the ethnomedicinal claims made by the traditional medical practitioners and to evaluate the plant’s potential as a novel therapeutic agent. Twelve traditional medical practitioners of the Kopanang Dingaka Association were interviewed on the knowledge and use of I. oblongata (Mothokho). The phytochemical constituents of the plant were determined using standard screening methods. Testing for antioxidant properties (free radical scavenging activity) was carried out by means of the 2, 2- diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The Sulforhodamine B assay was used to screen for anti-cancer activity in breast (MCF7), colon (HCT116) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. Glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells was used to evaluate the anti- iii diabetic potential of I. oblongata. Methanol extract was fractionated using Ultra-Pure Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) to identify active compounds. The traditional medical practitioners cited the plant roots as the main ingredient in the treatment of respiratory infections, sexually transmitted infections, postnatal womb treatments, inflammation, arthritis, wounds and cancer. The methanol extract of I. oblongata showed remarkable (99.03%, 98.39, 71.31%) antioxidant potential in all triplicates tested which explains its use in oxidative stress-related diseases such as arthritis and cancer. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. However, the extracts were inactive against the cancer cell lines used. Glucose uptake by the C2C12 muscle cells was increased by over 150% and was comparable to that of insulin and metformin, suggesting good anti-diabetic activity. Predicted compounds found were dihydroquercetin pentaacetate, actinorhodin and actinorhodine, using Chemspider analysis. These are possible compounds that could be found in the Ipomoea oblongata extracts when using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine the structure and names of the active compounds. Ethnobotanical uses of Ipomoea oblongata were found to have a link with other ethnobotanical studies to capture the indigenous knowledge, culture and therapeutic uses. The phytochemical results of Ipomoea oblongata can contribute to the knowledge of new drug development as indicated by literature (Harbone; 1973, Soforowa, 1993; De et al., 2010) that plants contain phytochemical contents and phenolic compounds that are valuable as medicinal properties. Methanolic extract of Ipomoea oblongata presented high levels of antioxidant activity respectively, which can become a potential iv antimicrobial agent and remedy oxidative stress related diseases. The anticancer properties were inactive and the cytotoxicity levels were found to below in I. oblongata. Low levels of cytotoxicity allow medicinal plants to be consumed by humans with fewer side effects however doses must be standardized. High levels of glucose uptake in muscle cells were indicated from the aqueous extract of Ipomoea oblongata, therefore showing great potential as an antidiabetic agent. Many medicinal plants have been validated as antidiabetic therapeutic agents in South Africa and the world. New treatment of cancer, diabetes, bacterial and viral infections is required from natural products that are cost effective with minimal side effects that can be used in health care systems. There is a correlation between the medicinal properties found in I. oblongata and the ethnomedicinal uses cited by the traditional medical practitioners. The plant I. oblongata has six ethno-pharmaceutical uses. I. oblongata is a good source of anti-diabetic and antioxidant agents that can be developed further. However the plant is not a good source of anticancer properties. Future research will be into the isolation and identification of the active compounds.
Tshikalange, Thilivhali Emmanuel. "n vitro anti-HIV-1 properties of ethnobotanically selected South African plants used in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032008-121613/.
Full textAppidi, Jaipal Reddy. "Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and toxicological properties of Hermannia Incana cav.: a South African medicinal plant." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/259.
Full textRutkowski, Bogdan [Verfasser]. "Mechanical properties and microstructure of dense ceramic membranes for oxygen separation in zero-emission power plants / Bogdan Rutkowski." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034544438/34.
Full textAllen, Kenneth Guy. "Rock bed thermal storage for concentrating solar power plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86521.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Concentrating solar power plants are a promising means of generating electricity. However, they are dependent on the sun as a source of energy, and require thermal storage to supply power on demand. At present thermal storage – usually molten salt – although functional, is expensive, and a cheaper solution is desired. It is proposed that sensible heat storage in a packed bed of rock, with air as heat transfer medium, is suitable at temperatures of 500 – 600 °C. To determine if this concept is technically feasible and economically competitive with existing storage, rock properties, packed bed pressure drop and thermal characteristics must be understood. This work addresses these topics. No previously published data is available on thermal cycling resistance of South African rock, and there is limited data from other countries in the proposed temperature range for long-term thermal cycling, so samples were thermally cycled. There is rock which is suitable for thermal storage applications at temperatures of 500 – 600 °C. New maps of South Africa showing where potentially suitable rock is available were produced. Dolerite, found extensively in the Karoo, is particularly suitable. Friction factors were measured for beds of different particles to determine the importance of roughness, shape, and packing arrangement. Five sets of rock were also tested, giving a combined dataset broader than published in any previous study. Limitations of existing correlations are shown. The friction factor is highly dependent on particle shape and, in the case of asymmetric particles, packing method. The friction factor varied by up to 70 % for crushed rock depending on the direction in which it was poured into the test section, probably caused by the orientation of the asymmetric rock relative to the air flow direction. This has not been reported before for rock beds. New isothermal correlations using the volume equivalent particle diameter are given: they are within 15 % of the measurements. This work will allow a techno-economic evaluation of crushed rock beds using more accurate predictions of pumping power than could previously be made. Thermal tests below 80 °C show that bed heat transfer is insensitive to particle shape or type. A heat transfer correlation for air in terms of the volume equivalent diameter was formulated and combined with the E-NTU method. The predicted bed outlet temperatures are within 5 °C of the measurements for tests at 530 °C, showing that the influence of thermal conduction and radiation can be reasonably negligible for a single charge/discharge cycle at mass fluxes around 0.2 kg/m2s. A novel method for finding the optimum particle size and bed length is given: The Biot number is fixed, and the net income (income less bed cost) from a steam cycle supplied by heat from the bed is calculated. A simplified calculation using the method shows that the optimum particle size is approximately 20 mm for bed lengths of 6 – 7 m. Depending on the containment design and cost, the capital cost could be an order of magnitude lower than a nitrate salt system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gekonsentreerde son-energie kragstasies is n belowende manier om elektrisiteit op te wek, maar hulle is afhanklik van die son as n bron van energie. Om drywing op aanvraag te voorsien moet hulle energie stoor. Tans is termiese stoor – gewoonlik gesmelte sout – hoewel funksioneel, duur, en n goedkoper oplossing word gesoek. Daar word voorgestel dat stoor van voelbare warmte-energie in n gepakte rotsbed met lug as warmteoordrag medium geskik is by temperature van 500 – 600 °C. Om te bepaal of dié konsep tegnies gangbaar en ekonomies mededingend met bestaande stoorstelsels is, moet rotseienskappe, gepakte bed drukval en hitteoordrag verstaan word. Hierdie werk spreek hierdie aspekte aan. Geen voorheen gepubliseerde data is beskikbaar oor die termiese siklus weerstand van Suid-Afrikaanse rots nie, en daar is beperkte data van ander lande in die voorgestelde temperatuurbereik, dus is monsters onderwerp aan termiese siklusse. Daar bestaan rots wat geskik is vir termiese stoor toepassings by temperature van 500 – 600 °C. Nuwe kaarte van Suid-Afrika is opgestel om te wys waar potensieel geskikte rots beskikbaar is. Doleriet, wat wyd in die Karoo voor kom, blyk om veral geskik te wees. Wrywingsfaktore is gemeet vir beddens van verskillende partikels om die belangrikheid van grofheid, vorm en pak-rangskikking te bepaal. Vyf rotsstelle is ook getoets, wat n saamgestelde datastel gee wyer as in enige gepubliseerde studie. Beperkings van bestaande korrelasies word aangetoon. Die wrywingsfaktor is hoogs sensitief vir partikelvorm en, in die geval van asimmetriese partikels, pakkings metode. Die wrywingsfaktor het met tot 70 % gevarieer vir gebreekte rots, afhanklik van die rigting waarin dit in die toetsseksie neergelê is. Dit is waarskynlik veroorsaak deur die oriëntasie van die asimmetriese rots relatief tot die lugvloei rigting, en is nie voorheen vir rotsbeddens gerapporteer nie. Nuwe isotermiese korrelasies wat gebruik maak van die volume-ekwivalente partikel deursnee word gegee: hulle voorspel binne 15 % van die gemete waardes. Hierdie werk sal n tegno-ekonomiese studie van rotsbeddens toelaat wat meer akkurate voorspellings van pompdrywing gebruik as voorheen moontlik was. Termiese toetse onder 80 °C wys dat die warmteoordrag nie baie sensitief is vir partikelvorm en -tipe nie. n Warmte-oordragskorrelasie vir lug in terme van die volume-ekwivalente deursnee is ontwikkel en met die E-NTU-metode gekombineer. Die voorspelde lug uitlaat temperatuur is binne 5 °C van die meting vir toetse by 530 °C. Dit wys dat termiese geleiding en straling redelikerwys buite rekening gelaat kan word vir n enkele laai/ontlaai siklus by massa vloeitempos van omtrent 0.2 kg/m2s. n Oorspronklike metode vir die bepaling van die optimum partikelgrootte en bedlengte word gegee: Die Biot-getal is vas, en die netto inkomste (die inkomste minus die bed omkoste) van n stoomsiklus voorsien met warmte van die bed word bereken. n Vereenvoudigde berekening wat die metode gebruik wys dat die optimum grootte en lengte ongeveer 20 mm en 6-7 m is. Afhangende van die behoueringsontwerp en koste, kan die kapitale koste n orde kleiner wees as dié van n gesmelte nitraatsout stelsel
Sagbo, Idowu Jonas. "Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial properties of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Brachylaena elliptica (Thurb.) dc. and Brachylaena ilicifolia (Lam.) Phill & Schweick." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021289.
Full textLungu, Sosten. "Effect of poultry litter amended with aluminum sulfate on plant growth and soil properties." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05162008-125227.
Full textOdeyemi, Samuel Wale. "A comparative study of the in vitro antidiabetic properties, cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of Albuca bracteata and Albuca setosa bulb extracts." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3154.
Full textHui, Tina Hsiao-Tin. "Design and test of a pharmacologic screen for the adaptogenic properties of plant drugs : a master's thesis." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2231.
Full textTufts, Heather. "The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Kenyan leafy green vegetables, wild fruits, and medicinal plants: potential for the health-promoting properties of biodiversity to contribute to kwashiorkor alleviation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114601.
Full textL'éthologie de kwashiorkor, une forme de malnutrition severe et aigu chez les enfants, peut-etre lié a l'inflammation et le stress oxydatif. La biodiversité peux contribuer des propriétés qui favorise la santé et qui adresse l'inflammation et le stress oxydatif qui se trouve dans le kwashiorkor. Six plantes medicinal, cinq légumes à feuilles vertes et deux fruits sauvages ont été recueillis par Kaiti Division, Makueni County, Eastern Province, Kenya et examiné pour des propriétés antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire en utilisant les dosages ORAC et des phénols totaux et un dosage TNF- α in vitro, respectivement. Tous les plantes médicinales et plusieurs LGV ont eu de l'activité antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire. A. dubius, V. unguiculata (LGV), O. americanum, et Z. chalybeum (des plantes médicinales) ont montré le plus grand activité anti-inflammatoire de toutes les plantes testées et ont été également largement consommé et utilisé chez les enfants dans cette étude. Il y avait une grande variété de LGV et de fruits sauvages disponibles dans la région étudiée, ce qui peut avoir contribué à des scores élevés moyennes alimentaires divers (FVS) de 26 pour les enfants non allaités au sein. Cette étude démontre une base théorique pour enquêter sur un lien entre promotion de la santé des propriétés de la biodiversité, la diversité alimentaire, et le développement du kwashiorkor pour améliorer la nutrition et la santé chez les enfants.
Mancino, C. F., D. M. Kopec, and L. Salo. "The Influence of Gypsum on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Turfgrass Soils." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215850.
Full textHarris, Taahir. "Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) from Mpumalanga province of South Africa: phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of seeds and product extracts." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2789.
Full textBambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) an indigenous legume cultivated in Sub-Saharan Africa has been proclaimed to have medicinal properties from communities and in rural areas. However, there is not enough scientific information to validate these claims. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible medicinal properties of Bambara groundnut (BGN), by analysing the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of BGN seed and product extracts from Mpumalanga province within South Africa. The BGN extracts (70% methanol, 70% ethanol, milli-Q water) from seeds and products (milk and yoghurt) were screened for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, riboflavin and thiamine using analytical laboratory methods for basic screening, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for quantification. The antimicrobial activity involved direct bioautography and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606T, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 33591 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433. For the seed extracts, flavonoids and phenols were highly concentrated in the red and brown hulls of BGN compared to whole and dehulled BGN. Organic solvents in comparison to water yielded the highest concentration of flavonoids, whilst water yielded the highest concentration for phenols. Flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (24.458 ± 0.234 mg.g-1, brown hull extracted with 70% methanol), quercetin (0.070 ± 0.043 mg.g-1, red hull extracted with 70% methanol), kaempferol (0.391 ± 0.161 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with 70% ethanol) and myricetin (1.800 ± 0.771 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with 70% methanol). For phenol compounds, gallic acid (0.009 ± 0.004 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), catechin (0.026 ± 0.041 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), methyl gallate (0.008 ± 0.013 mg.g-1; brown whole extracted with milli-Q water), chlorogenic acid (0.115 ± 0.199 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water) and ellagic acid (0.105 ± 0.082 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with milli-Q water) were detected. Vitamins B1 and B2 (riboflavin and thiamine) were mostly present in milli-Q water extracts. Black-eye hull had the highest concentration of thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) consisting of 0.072 mg.g-1 (extracted with milli-Q water) and 0.002 mg.g-1 (extracted with 70% ethanol and 70% methanol). Red and brown hull extracts from organic solvents (70% ethanol and 70% methanol) showed the highest antimicrobial activity, whereas the whole, dehulled and hulls (black-eye and brown-eye) extracts had no antimicrobial activity. As for BGN products extracts, flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (5.694 mg.g-1, whole BGN milk, milli-Q water), quercetin (0.703 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, milli-Q water) and myricetin (0.987 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, 70% ethanol).
Oliveira, Francisco de Assis. "Studies on the pharmacological properties of resin from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. and its major constituent, alpha-and beta-amyrin mixture." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=69.
Full textProtium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae) populary known as âalmÃcegaâ is a popular medicinal plant largely encountered in the Amazon region, various States of Brazil and in several South American Countries. The oily amorphous exudate obtained from this plant is widely used in skin diseases, healing of ulcers, and as an analgesic and anti-inflamatory agent. Phytochemical studies reveled the presence of several monoterpenes and pentacyclic triterpenes such as a mixture of α- e β â amyrin, maniladilol and breine. The present study aimed to investigate the general toxicity and to establish the pharmacological activity of resin and is major triterpenoid mixture, the α and β â amyrin. In toxicity tests, both the resin and triterpene mixture exhibited low toxicity to mice. Resin at doses up 5 g/kg, (p.o.) or 2 g/kg (i.p.) and triterpene mixture up to 3 g/kg, (p.o.) or 2 g/kg (i.p.) failed to induce any mortality in mice. In Artemia-lethality test, the calculated (probit analysis) CL50 values for resin and triterpenes were in the order of 42,54 Â 19,96 and 400 Â 27,85 μg/mL, respectively. In pharmacological tests, the resin was analysed for anti-inflamatory (carrageenan-induced edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and vascular permeability increase induced by i.p. acetic acid) and gastroprotective (absolute ethanol and acidified ethanol) effects, whereas the triterpene mixture was examined in assays that demostrate gastroprotective (against lesions induced by absolute ethanol), antipruritus (against pruritus induced by Dextran T40 and compound 48/80), acute and visceral antinociceptive (test of subplantar and intracolonic capsaicin) and hepatoprotective (against acetaminophen- and Ga1N/LPS-induced models of hepatitis) effects. In anti-inflammatory test, the resin (200 e 400 mg/kg, p.o.) although failed to modify the carrageenan-induced acute rat paw-edema response, it caused signficant inhibitions at a dose of 400mg/kg on the formation of cotton pellet-induced granulomas and on the vascular permeability increase induced by i.p. acetic acid in mice. In addition, the (200 e 400 mg/kg) showed gastroprotective potential against absolute- and acidified ethanol- induced gastric lesions as evidenced from siginificant diminution in lesion scores, restoration of the ethanol-induced depletion of non-protein sulfhydryl content More over, the resin demonstrated an antisecretory effect on gastric acid secretion induced in 4-h pylorus ligated rats. The triterpene mixture also produced similar gastroprotection against ethanol-induced lesions in a manner similar to capsaicin, a pungent principle from hot peppers. This protection possibly involves capsaicin-sencitive primary afferents since it was abolished in mice pretreated with a neurotoxic dose of capsaicin. The α and β â amyrin mixture (100 mg/kg) manifested antipruritus effect as evidenced from suppression of scratching behaviour in the mouse model of prurits induced by s.c. injections of dextran T40 and compound 48/80. Besides, it also produced an antiedematogenic effect in model of hind paw edema induced by histamine, compound 48/80 and dextran T40 and markedly depressed the compound 48/80-elicited rat mast cell degranulation (ex vivo). An antinociceptive effect of triterpenoid mixture (3-100 mg/kg) was observed in capsaicin-evoked somatic (1.6 μg/site, suplantar) and visceral (149 μg, intracolonic) models of nociception in mice. Greater suppression of nociceptive behaviors were evidenced at a dose of 10 mg/kg α and β â amyrin mixture, which mimicked the effect produced by ruthenium red, a non-competitive capsaicin antagonist. The antinociceptive effect of triterpenoid mixture was found to be naloxone (2 mg/kg)- sensitive, suggesting an opioid mechanism. A blockade by triterpene mixture was also evidenced on the hyperthermic but not the hypothermic response of subcutaneously administered capsaicin (10 mg/kg) suggesting possible incolvement of TRPV1 receptor. In open-field and rota-rod tests, the triterpene mixture did not manifest signs of either sedation or motor abnormality in mice that could account for the observed antinociception. In the model of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg)-induced hepatotoxicity, the triterpenoid mixture (50 and 100 mg/kg) effectively reduced the elevated serum AST and ALT levels, restored the depleted GSH and markedly diminished the histopathological alterations. Potentation of pentobarbital-sleeping time was, however observed at these doses of triterpenoid, incidating a probable suppression of cytochrome P450 and thus a diminished metabolite formation that may account for reduced acetaminophen toxicity. The α- and β â amyrin mixture offered complete protection against the mortality associated with Ga1N/LPS , but caused only a moderate diminution of serum enzymes and histopathological alterations. Taken together, these findings show that the resin and α- and β â amyrin mixture possess low toxicity and have a wide therapeutic potential with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipruritus, and gastro- and hepato-protective actions. Most of the effects of triterpenoid mixture appear to involve in part the participation of primary sensory afferents in their actions.
A espÃcie Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March (Burseraceae) popularmente conhecida como almÃcega, à encontrada na regiÃo AmazÃnica, em vÃrios Estados do Brasil e paÃses da AmÃrica do Sul. Esta espÃcie exsuda uma resina oleosa e amorfa, usada na medicina popular como analgÃsico, cicatrizante e expectorante. Estudos fitoquÃmicos demonstraram a presenÃa de monoterpenos e triterpenos pentacÃclicos, tais como α - amirina e β - amirina, maniladilol e breina. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos tÃxicos e farmacolÃgicos da resina e de seus constituintes majoritÃrios, a mistura de triterpenos α e β â amirina. Na avaliaÃÃo dos efeitos tÃxicos observamos a toxicidade aguda destes produtos em camundongos e Artemia sp. Analisando os efeitos sistÃmicos, avaliamos a atividade antiinflamatÃria da resina (edema de pata induzido por carragenina, granuloma induzido por âpelletsâ de algodÃo e permeabilidade vascular induzida por Ãcido acÃtico) e da mistura de α e β â amirina (edema induzido por histamina, serotonina, dextrana T40 e composto 48/80). Examinamos ainda as atividades gastroprotetora e antisecretÃria da resina (lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas pelo etanol absoluto e etanol acidificado e secreÃÃo Ãcida induzida pela ligaÃÃo pilÃrica) e as atividades gastroprotetora (lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas pelo etanol absoluto, com animais dessensibilizados por capsaicina), antipruriginosa (prurido induzido pelo dextrana T40 e composto 448/80 e desgranulaÃÃo de mastÃcitos ex vivo) antinociceptiva (nocicepÃÃo induzida pela administraÃÃo subplantar e intracolÃnica de capsaicina, resposta hipotÃrmica induzida por capsaicina) e hepatoprotetora (lesÃes hepÃticas induzidas por acetaminofeno e Ga1N/LPS) da mistura de α e β â amirinas. NÃo foi possÃvel estabelecer as DL50 da resina (atà 5 g/kg, v.o. e 1 g/kg, i.p.) e da mistura de α e β â amirina (atà 3 g/kg, v.o. e atà 2 g/kg, i.p.) em camundongos. A mistura de α e β â amirina, mas nÃo a resina, mostrou toxicidade para Artemisa sp, sendo as CL50 de 42,54  19,96 e 400  27,85 μg/mL, respectivamente. Nos modelos de permeabilidade vascular induzido por Ãcido acÃtico (camundongo) e granuloma induzido por âpelletâ de algodÃo (ratos), a resina demonstrou efeito antiinflamatÃrio significativo na dose de 400mg/kg, reduzindo a permeabilidade vascular e o peso seco do granuloma. Contudo, a reina nÃo apresentou atividade sobre edema induzido por carragenina (ratos). Adicionalmente, a resina preveniu as lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas por etanol absoluto e etanol acidificado, alÃm de impedir a depleÃÃo dos grupos sulfidrilas produzida pelo etanol absoluto nas doses de 200 e 400 mg/kg. Um efeito antisecretÃrio da resina (200 e 400mg/kg) foi observado no modelo de secreÃÃo Ãcida induzida pela ligaÃÃo pilÃrica em ratos. A mistura de α e β â amirina tambÃm exibiu atividade gastroprotetora inibindo as lesÃes gÃstricas por etanol absoluto, cujo mecanismo parece envolver os neurÃnios sensoriais primÃrios sensÃveis à capsaicina. A administraÃÃo oral dos triterpenos α e β â amirina (100 mg/kg), apresentou atividade antiedematogÃnica, nos modelos de edema de pata induzidos por histamina, composto 48/80 e dextrana T40, mas nÃo sobre o edema induzido por serotonina. A atividade antipruriginosa tambÃm foi observada com as α e β â amirina nas doses variando de 50 a 200 mg/kg, em modelos de prurido induzido por dextrana T40 e pelo composto 48/80 e na reduÃÃo (100 mg/kg) da degranulaÃÃo de mastÃcitos peritoneais ex vivo pelo composto 48/80. O efeito antinociceptivo da mistura, nas doses de 3 a 100 mg/kg, foi verificado atravÃs da inibiÃÃo dos comportamentos de nocicepÃÃo induzidos pela administraÃÃo subplantar ou intracolÃnica de capsaicina em camundongos. A antinocicepÃÃo produzida por estes triterpenos (10 mg/kg) sobre o tempo de lambedura induzido pela capsaicina (1,6 μg/20 μL) nÃo foi potencializada nem revestida pelo vermelho de rutÃnio (1,5 mg/kg), mas foi significativamente inibida pela naloxona (2 mg/kg), sugerindo mecanismo opiÃide. A participaÃÃo dos receptores α2 - adrenÃrgicos neste efeito tambÃm foi eliminada, tendo em vista que a ioimbina nÃo reverteu o efeito antinociceptivo das amirinas no modelo de nocicepÃÃo visceral induzida pela capsaicina. Estes triterpenos bloquearam ainda a hipertermia induzida pela capsaicina (10 mg/kg), mas nÃo reverteram a resposta hipotÃrmica induzida por este agente, sugerindo a participaÃÃo do receptor vanilÃide (TRPV1) no efeito antinociceptivo das amirinas. Nos modelos de hepatoxidade, a mistura de α e β â amirina (50 e 100 mg/kg) reduziu o aumento dos nÃveis sÃricos de ALT e AST e restabeleceu os nÃveis de GSH hepÃticos, diminuindo as alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas induzidas pelo acetaminofeno (500 mg/kg), alÃm de potencializar o tempo de sono induzido por pentobarbital sÃdico (50 mg/kg), indicando que este efeito hepatoprotetor envolve a inibiÃÃo do citocromo P â 450. A mistura ofereceu ainda completa proteÃÃo contra a mortalidade induzida por Ga1N/LPS, reduzindo as lesÃes hepÃticas em camundongos e reduzindo os nÃveis sÃricos de ALT, mas nÃo de AST ou GSH hepÃticos, sugerindo um possÃvel feito neuroimunomodulatÃrio neste modelo. Os triterpenos α e β â amirina nas doses variando de 3 a 30 mg/kg, nÃo manifestam efeitos sedativos ou incoordenaÃÃo motora em camundongos. A resina e mistura de α e β â amirina possuem baixa toxicidade e atividades antiinflamatÃria e gastroprotetora. Os triterpenos α e β â amirina exibiram atividade antipruriginosa, antinociceptiva e hepatoprotetora, cujos efeitos envolvem, pelo menos em parte, a participaÃÃo dos neurÃnios aferentes sensoriais primÃrios.
Masoud, Khalid. "Investigation of some possible mechanisms involved in the anticonvulsant activity of Tulbaghia violacea harv." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5333.
Full textEven though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This project was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMDLA) in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. The doses of 200 (mg/kg, i.p.) and 400 (mg/kg, i.p.) of the leaf methanol extract of T. Violacae significantly delayed the onset of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion in a dose dependent manner. Leaf methanol extract of the plant species (200 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the incidence of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion while 400 mg/kg (i.p.) protected only one mouse against the tonic convulsion. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea (100mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)- induce tonic convulsion. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.), diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and muscimol (2mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Muscimol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion. However, combined therapy of sub effective doses of the leaf methanol extract of T. Violacea (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and muscimol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of PTZ (100mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and but did not significantly reduce the number of animals convulsing. The combined therapy of sub effective doses of the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and muscimol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) protected two of the mice against the tonic convulsion. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea (100-400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly and dose dependently delayed the onset of tonic convulsion produced by bicuculline (30 mg/kg, i.p.), picrotoxin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion but did not affect the incidence of any of the convulsions. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.), diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or muscimol (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of bicuculline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or picrotoxin (20 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) did affect significantly affect the onset or incidence of NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion. LY233053 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of tonic convulsion produced by NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea (200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion but did not significantly affect the number of mice convulsing. The dose of 100 mg/kg (i.p.) of leaf methanol extract of T. violacea did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion. Phenobarbitone (12 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also significantly reduced the number of animals convulsing. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly delay the onset of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic convulsion and also did not significantly affect the number of mice convulsing. Phenytoin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or DMSO (0.25 ml, i.p.) did not significantly affect the onset or incidence of bicuculline (30 mg/kg, i.p.), picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA-induced tonic convulsion. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea may be greater than 4000 mg/kg. The HPLC fingerprint of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea showed distinct peaks at the following retention times, 2.911, 3.269, 4.010, 7.597, and 15.122 min. The results obtained in this study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea has anticonvulsant activity. The results obtained also indicate that GABA, glutamic acid and glycine mechanisms may probably be involved in the anticonvulsant activity of the plant extract. The relatively high LD50 obtained for the plant species, given orally, indicate that it is safe in mice.
Chellan, Nireshni. "The antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Athrixia phylicoides aqueous extract : an in vitro and ex vivo assessment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6612.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Athrixia phylicoides is an aromatic, indigenous shrub with high antioxidant content and numerous indigenous medicinal properties inferred by ingestion of an herbal brew of the plant. Commercialization of “bush tea” (derived from A. phylicoides) holds economic and developmental potential for indigenous communities provided the safety and efficacy of the herbal tea is established. Recently A. phylicoides has been shown by McGaw et al. (2007) to have similar antioxidant activity to Rooibos tea, and a unique, new flavonol (i.e. a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite) 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavon-3-ol, unique to A. phylicoides, was isolated by Mashimbye et al. in 2006. With changes in the socio-economic climate and a new trend in merging Western lifestyle with traditional practices, new interest has been shown in herbal/natural remedies. Study Aim: The aim of this study was to firstly, determine the in vitro effect of A. phylicoides aqueous extract on glucose metabolism in cell lines that mimic the three key organs implicated in glucose homeostasis. Secondly, the study aimed to determine the potential ex vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of the extract in pancreatic β-cells and peripheral mononuclear cells respectively. Methods: Leaves and fine twigs of A. phylicoides were processed into an aqueous extract. C2C12, Chang and 3T3-L1 cells were cultured under standard conditions and acutely exposed to increasing concentrations of extract and water vehicle, as well as 1 μM insulin and metformin as positive controls. Glucose uptake from 8 mM glucose culture media was determined using a fluorimetric oxidase method. Radioactive 14C-glucose oxidation to 14CO2 and determination of glycogen content of cells were used to assess the fate of intracellular glucose. RT-PCR was used to assess the extract effect on insulin-signalling gene expression. The antioxidative effect of A. phylicoides extract in pancreatic β-cells isolated from Wistar rats was determined by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production in response to hyperglycemic conditions. NO was labelled with diaminofluorocein diacetate and fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry. Insulin secretion of pancreatic β- cells was measured using radio-immuno assay. The anti-oxidative effect of the extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from Wistar rats was determined by measuring the production of TNF-α using an ELISA kit. Results: C2C12 myocytes showed maximal increased glucose uptake at the 0.05 μg/μl extract concentration (228.3% ± 66.2, p<0.001). In Chang cells, A. phylicoides extract maximally increased the amount of glucose taken up at the 0.05 μg/μl concentration (134.5% ± 2.5, p<0.05). In 3T3-L1 cells, the extract maximally increased the amount of glucose taken up at the 0.025 μg/μl concentration (143.5% ± 10.3, p<0.001). An extract-induced increase in insulin receptor and glucose transporter four expression was seen in C2C12 myocytes. The oxidation of 14C-glucose to 14CO2 by C2C12 myocytes was maximally increased following acute exposure to the extract at 0.1 μg/μl (2919.3 fmol/1x10^6 cells ± 428, p<0.01). The oxidation of 14C-glucose to 14CO2 by Chang cells was maximally increased following acute exposure to extract at 0.1 μg/μl (4476.7 fmol/1x10^6 cells ± 1620, p<0.05); as seen in the C2C12 cells. A. phylicoides extract increased glycogen storage at all three concentrations tested in Chang cells, but maximally at the 0.025 μg/μl concentration (13.6 μg/1x10^6 cells ± 0.7, p<0.05). A. phylicoides extract did not have any measurable effect on the oxidative status of β-cells or the anti-inflammatory status of peripheral mononuclear cells. The extract did show an increase in first phase insulin secretion of β-cells in hyperglycemic conditions, although it was not significant. Conclusion: Athrixia phylicoides aqueous extract stimulates in vitro glucose uptake and metabolism in an insulin-mimetic manner, suggesting that this extract could potentially be beneficial to type two diabetics as an adjunct therapy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Athrixia phylicoides is 'n aromatiese, inheemse struik met 'n hoë antioksidant inhoud. Vele tradisionele medisinale eienskappe is gekoppel aan die ingestie van 'n kruie brousel van die plant, wat ook bekend as “bostee” is. Kommersialisering van “bostee” hou ekonomiese en ontwikkelings potensiaal in vir inheemse gemeenskappe mits die veiligheid en effektiwiteit van die kruietee bevestig kan word. McGaw et al. (2007) het onlangs bevind dat A. phylicoides se antioksidant aktiwiteit vergelykbaar is met die van rooibostee. 'n Unieke nuwe flavonol ('n polifenoliese antioksidant plant metaboliet) 5-hydroksie-6,7,8,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoksieflavon-3-ol, eie aan A. phylicoides, is deur Mashimbye et al. in 2006 geïsoleer. Met veranderings in die sosio-ekonomiese klimaat en 'n nuwe tendens om die westerse lewenstyl met tradisionele gebruike aan te vul word nuwe belangstelling in kruie/natuurlike rate ondervind. Studie Doelwitte: Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was eerstens om die in vitro effek van A. phylicoides waterekstrak op die glukosemetabolisme van drie sellyne wat die sleutel organe naboots wat glukosehomeostase beheer, te bepaal. Tweedens, is die potensiële ex vivo antioksidant en anti-inflammatoriese effek van die ekstrak op pankreatiese β-selle en perifere mononuklêere-selle onderskeidelik ondersoek. Metodes: n Waterige ekstrak is van die blare en fyn takkies van A. phylicoides berei. C2C12, Chang and 3T3-L1 selle is gekultuur onder standaard kondisies en akuut blootgestel aan stygende ekstrakkonsentrasies. Water het as kontrole gedien, met 1 μM insulien en metformien as positiewe kontroles. Glukose opname vanuit 8 mM glukose kultuurmedia is bepaal deur 'n fluorimetriese oksidase metode. Radioaktiewe 14C-glukose-oksidasie na 14CO2 en die bepaling van die glukogeen inhoud van selle is gebruik om die lot van intrasellulêre glukose te bepaal. RT-PKR is gebruik om die effek van die ekstrak op die insulien-seinpad geen-uitdrukking te ondersoek. Die antioksidant effek van A. phylicoides ekstrak in pankreatiese β-selle geïsoleer van Wistar rotte, is bepaal deur stikstofoksied (NO) produksie na aanleiding van hiperglukemiese kondisies. NO is met diaminofluorosien diasetaat gemerk en die fluoresensie gemeet deur vloeisitometrie. Insulien afskeiding deur die pankreatiese β-selle is deur radio-immuno metode bepaal. Die anti-oksidatiewe effek van die ekstrak op lipopolisakkaried-gestimuleerde perifere mononuklêere-selle afkomstig van Wistar rotte is bepaal deur die meting van TNF-α produksie met 'n ELISA kit. Resultate: C2C12 miosiete het 'n maksimale toename in glukoseopname by 'n 0.05 μg/μl ekstrakkonsentrasie (228.3% ± 66.2, p<0.001) gehad. Dieselfde ekstrakkonsentrasie het maksimale toename in glukoseopname in Chang selle (134.5% ± 2.5, p<0.05 getoon. In 3T3-L1 selle is maksimale toename in die glukoseopname by 'n konsentrasie van 0.025 μg/μl (143.5% ± 10.3, p<0.001) bereik. 'n Ekstrak-geinduseerde verhoging in die insulienreseptor en glukosetransporter vier ekspressie is in C2C12 miosiete waargeneem. Die oksidasie van 14C-glukose na 14CO2 deur C2C12 miosiete is maksimaal verhoog deur akute blootstelling aan die ekstrak by 'n konsentrasie van 0.1 μg/μl (2919.3 fmol/1x10^6 cells ± 428, p<0.01). Die oksidasie van 14C-glukose na 14CO2 deur Chang selle was maksimaal verhoog deur akute blootstelling aan die ekstrak by 'n konsentrasie van 0.1 μg/μl (4476.7 fmol/1x10^6 cells ± 1620, p<0.05) soos gevind in die C2C12 selle. Die ekstrak het glukogeenstoring verhoog teen al drie die konsentrasies waarteen getoets is in Chang selle, maar 'n maksimale effek is gevind by 'n konsentrasie van 0.025 (13.6 μg/1x10^6 cells ± 0.7, p<0.05). A. phylicoides ekstrak het nie 'n meetbare effek op die oksidatiewe status van β-selle of die anti-inflammatoriese status van perifere mononuklêere-selle gehad nie. Die ekstrak het wel 'n verhoging in die eerstefase insuliensekresie van β-selle in hyperglukemiese kondisies gehad, alhoewel die verhoging nie statisties betekenisvol was nie. Afleiding: Athrixia phylicoides waterekstrak stimuleer in vitro glukoseopname en metabolisme in 'n insulin-mimetiese manier, wat beteken dat die ekstrak potensiëel voordele vir tipe twee diabete kan inhou as aanvullingsterapie.
Shulga, Yu Yu. "Main Problems of Studying Methods for Determination of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Various Kinds of Medicinal Plants." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8451.
Full textMasowa, Manare Maxson. "Greenhouse evaluation of maize performance and changes in chemical properties of soil following application of winery solid waste composts." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1422.
Full textWinery solid waste materials namely, wine filter materials (FM), grape marc (berry stalks, skins and seeds) and chopped grapevine pruning canes were composted in heaps through a thermophilic process. The filter materials were mixed with the grape marc and grapevine prunings at five rates (10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) to produce five composts herein designated as C10FM, C25FM, C50FM, C75FM and C100FM, respectively. A laboratory incubation study was thereafter carried out to determine the nutrient release potential of the composts using two soil types with varying textural characteristics. Each compost was mixed with soil at a rate equivalent to 200 kg N ha-1 and the mineral N, available P and exchangeable K content determined over 42 days incubation period. Results revealed that the composts possess high C content and low C:N ratios; and released significantly higher NH4-N and K concentration relative to un-amended control. The differences in the amount of P mineralised among the five compost treatments were not significant while significantly higher amount of K was mineralised at higher FM mix rates. The composts were applied to maize cv. SNK2147 on sandy soil in a greenhouse pot study at five rates (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 t ha-1) to determine their effects on crop growth and yield as well as on selected soil chemical properties. An un-fertilised control and NPK fertiliser treatments were included for comparison. The pots were arranged in a completely randomized design, with each treatment replicated four times. The C50FM, C75FM and C100FM treatments applied at 80 t ha-1 gave significantly higher maize dry matter yield than the NPK fertiliser treatment. Quantitative estimates of the optimum compost rate for dry matter production ranged from 450 to 1842 g pot-1. Application of these composts significantly increased dry matter yield, plant height, stem diameter and the number of functional leaves per plant compared to the un-fertilised control. The K content of shoot from composts treatments exceeded the critical nutritional level of 3.3%. Plant tissue Zn content from C10FM, C25FM and C50FM treatments exceeded the critical nutritional level of 15 mg kg-1 while the residual soil K, Na and Zn contents after crop harvest were significantly increased following compost application. Similarly, the residual P was significantly increased in C25FM, C75FM and C100FM treatments after harvest. In conclusion, application of these composts exerted beneficial effects on maize performance and soil. Field studies under variable conditions are recommended to validate these findings. Keywords: wine, compost, nutrient release potential, maize, soil chemical properties