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Journal articles on the topic 'Analgetic Agents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Jipa, Miruna, Sebastian Isac, Artsiom Klimko, et al. "Opioid-Sparing Analgesia Impacts the Perioperative Anesthetic Management in Major Abdominal Surgery." Medicina 58, no. 4 (2022): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040487.

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Background and Objectives: The management of acute postoperative pain (APP) following major abdominal surgery implies various analgetic strategies. Opioids lie at the core of every analgesia protocol, despite their side effect profile. To limit patients’ exposure to opioids, considerable effort has been made to define new opioid-sparing anesthesia techniques relying on multimodal analgesia. Our study aims to investigate the role of adjuvant multimodal analgesic agents, such as ketamine, lidocaine, and epidural analgesia in perioperative pain control, the incidence of postoperative cognitive dy

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Jílek, Jiří, Miroslav Rajšner, Vladimír Valenta, et al. "Synthesis of piperidine derivatives as potential analgetic agents." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 7 (1990): 1828–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901828.

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Reaction of N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide (I) with phosphorus pentasulfide gave the thioamide VI. Acylation of N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)aniline with 2-(methoxy)acetic and 2-(methylthio)acetic anhydrides afforded the amides II and III. Treatment of 4-anilino-1-benzylpiperidine-4-methanol with thionyl chloride gave the spirocyclic sulfurous acid ester amide XIV. Reduction of the hydrochloride of ethyl 3-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylimino-3-piperidinyl)propionate (XXII) with sodium cyanoborohydride gave the perhydro-1,6-naphthyridine derivative XIX, a model compound in

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3

Jílek, Jiří, Karel Šindelář, Jaroslava Grimová, et al. "Potential antidepressant and anti-inflammatory agents: 4-(2-Propylthio)acetophenone oximes and 4-(2-propylthio)phenylalkanoic acids." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 5 (1990): 1266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901266.

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4-(2-Propylthio)acetophenone oxime (IV) was reacted with 2-aminoethyl chloride and 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride to give the O-(aminoalkyl)oximes V and VI which are analogues of the antidepressant agent fluvoxamine (I). Kindler-Willgerodt reaction of 4-(2-propylthio)acetophenone (III) gave the thiomorpholide VII which was hydrolyzed to the acid IX. Friedel-Crafts reaction of (2-propylthio)benzene with ethoxalyl chloride afforded ethyl 4-(2-propylthio)benzoylformate (X) which was transformed by reaction with methylmagnesium iodide, by the following hydrolysis and reduction with hydroiodic acid

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4

Stillman, Mark W., and Alexandra L. Whittaker. "Use and Efficacy of Analgesic Agents in Sheep (Ovis aries) Used in Biomedical Research." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 58, no. 6 (2019): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000036.

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Sheep (Ovis aries) are widely used as large animal models in biomedical research. However, current literature on the use of analgesics in sheep generally focuses on an industry or farm level of use. This structured review evaluates use and efficacy of analgesics administered to sheep in a biomedical research setting. Electronic databases were searched with terms related to analgesia in research sheep. After application of exclusion criteria, 29 peer-reviewed publications were evaluated from 1995 to 2018. Drugs used for analgesia in sheep include opioids, α2 agonists, NSAID, local anesthetics,

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Weicker, S. A., B. J. Tuyp, and S. Wormsbecker. "P157: Pain management post-emergency department discharge: how are analgesics being consumed by patients with ongoing pain?" CJEM 20, S1 (2018): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.355.

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Introduction: Pain management is a cornerstone of emergency department (ED) practice, yet ongoing pain after ED discharge and return visits for inadequate analgesia are common. Over-the-counter (OTC) acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely accepted first line agents for mild to moderate pain. Previous research has not investigated how patients actually consume such agents after discharge, and if they consume them synergistically and at sufficient doses for optimal analgesia. We sought to determine the proportion of patients in ongoing pain post-discharge that were uti

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Majeed, Amer, Noon E. Abdelgadir, Areej A. G. AlFattani, et al. "Evaluation of acute postoperative pain management after living donor nephrectomy during the transition from open access to laparoscopic and minimally invasive robotic surgical approach." Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 19, no. 1 (2025): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.sja_425_24.

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Background: Living donor nephrectomies (LDN) at our institution transitioned from open access to laparoscopic and, more recently, to a minimally invasive robotic surgical approach between 2019 and 2022. Concurrently, postoperative analgesia transitioned from regional anesthesia to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and eventually to simple analgesics with additional rescue analgesic agents, as needed, in accordance with individual physicians’ preferences. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the impact of these changes on surgical practice on the analgesic requirements

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Jacobs, AM, and F. Youngblood. "Opioid receptor affinity for agonist-antagonist analgesics." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 82, no. 10 (1992): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-82-10-520.

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Analgesic medications are distributed to a variety of receptors within the central nervous system. Activity at these receptors (mu 1, mu, sigma, delta, kappa) results in both the beneficial pain-relieving effects of analgesics as well as undesirable side effects. The mixed agonist-antagonist class of analgesics offers the potential benefit of greater receptor site selectivity while diminishing the incidence of adverse sequelae, such as respiratory depression. Traditionally, it has been suggested that mixed agonist-antagonist medications may be associated with decreased analgesic effectiveness.

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Andriy, Koval, Lozynskyi Andrii, Shtrygol' Sergiy, and Lesyk Roman. "An overview on 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potential anesthesic and anti-inflammatory agents." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 2(36) (April 29, 2022): 10–17. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.255276.

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<strong>The aim</strong>. The purpose of this review is to summarize data on the synthesis and structural modification of heterocyclic systems with triazole and thiadiazole fragments in molecules as promising objects in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. The research based on bibliosemantic and analytical methods using bibliographic and abstract databases, as well as databases of chemical compounds. <strong>Results</strong>. Modern medicinal chemistry faces many challenges, one of which is the determination of the activity and specificity of therapeutic

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9

Smith, Howard. "Intrathecal Drug Delivery." Pain Physician 2s;11, no. 3;2s (2008): S89—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/s89.

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Intrathecal analgesia has emerged as a key therapeutic option for pain relief for patients who have failed other treatment avenues as well as patients with adequate analgesia on high dose enteral or parenteral therapy but with unacceptable side effects. Intrethecal infusions of analgesics have been increasingly utilized since the later 1980s for the treatment of persistent pain. The purpose of this review is to provide research based clinical insight regarding the safe and appropriate use of the intrathecal infusion modality. Long-term intrathecal infusion analgesia or long-term intrathecal or

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Pickett, Frieda A. "Management of Oral Pain." World Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2012): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1158.

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ABSTRACT Pain is the leading reason for individuals to seek dental care and understanding factors in pain response assists in pain management. Some dental services, including those involving tooth preparation, can result in postprocedure discomfort leading to a recommendation for analgesic therapy following treatment. Analgesia is defined as pain relief by inhibiting specific pain pathways and drugs to relieve pain are analgesics. Over the counter agents are efficacious agents for most dental pain with ibuprofen and acetaminophen commonly recommended. Considerations for analgesic recommendatio

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Williams, Owen D., and Graham Pluck. "The use of methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) for procedural analgesia in the emergency department and pre-hospital environment." Trauma 22, no. 2 (2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408619850038.

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Background Methoxyflurane is an inhaled analgesic agent licensed in the United Kingdom for the relief of moderate to severe pain in conscious patients with trauma. Methoxyflurane has been widely used by Australian ambulance services since the 1970s. Aims Primary aim: To assess the efficacy of methoxyflurane for procedural analgesia in the emergency department and pre-hospital environment. Secondary aims: to assess the efficacy of methoxyflurane for analgesia in the emergency department and pre-hospital environment; to assess the safety of methoxyflurane as an analgesic. Method A literature sea

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Hubbell, John A. E., and William W. Muir. "Evaluation of a survey of the diplomates of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine on use of analgesic agents in animals used in biomedical research." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209, no. 5 (1996): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1996.209.05.918.

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Objective To determine the analgesic agents administered to animals frequently used in biomedical research. Design Telephone survey. Sample Population Diplomates of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. Procedure 200 of 429 active diplomates listed in the 1993 directory of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine were selected at random for telephone interviews. Diplomates were asked to identify the species that they cared for and the dosages, dosing intervals, and routes of administration for analgesic agents. Results 90 of 200 (45%) diplomates completed the survey. Tw

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Milakovic, B., M. Dostanic, and S. Ivanovic. "Strategies for postoperative pain relief in neurosurgical intensive care unit." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 51, no. 4 (2004): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0404093m.

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Despite advances in neurosurgical and neuroanesthesiological practice, postoperative pain continues to be under treated. There are many modalities that may provide safe and effective postoperative analgesia. We discuss mainly systemic (e.g. opioids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents) analgesic options. They still remain the most widely used method for providing pain relief in acute surgical situations. The exact choice or combination of analgesics utilized for a particular patient will depend on the riskbenefit profile and patient preferences. Especially is crucial to promptly involve the a

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Smith, Howard. "Combination Opioid Analgesics." Pain Physician 2;11, no. 3;2 (2008): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/201.

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Although there is no “ideal analgesic,” scientists and clinicians alike continue to search for compounds with qualities which may approach the “ideal analgesic.” Characteristics of an “ideal” analgesic may include: the agent is a full agonist providing optimal/maximal analgesia for a wide range/variety of pain states (e.g., broad spectrum analgesic activity), it does not exhibit tolerance, it produces no unwanted effects and minimal adverse effects, it has no addictive potential, it does not facilitate pain/hyperalgesia, it has a long duration, it has high oral bioavailability, it is not vulne

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Smith, Howard S. "Opioids and Neuropathic Pain." July 2012 3S;15, no. 3S;7 (2012): ES93—ES110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/es93.

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Opioids are broad spectrum analgesics that may be beneficial to alleviate the intense perception of algesia in patients suffering with pain. They have been one of the most controversial analgesics, in part because of their potential for addiction. Opioids or any currently available analgesic will not provide effective analgesia for every patient with chronic neuropathic pain (NP), but overall opioids are considered to be a second or third line class of analgesics that may provide reasonable analgesia to some patients with chronic NP. Although opioids may alleviate chronic NP, overall, NP tends

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Slack, Jeanne F., and Margaret Faut-Callahan. "Efficacy of Epidural Analgesia for Pain Management of Critically Ill Patients and the Implications for Nursing Care." AACN Advanced Critical Care 2, no. 4 (1991): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-1991-4013.

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Management of pain for critically ill patients has been shown to be inadequately controlled and can have serious deleterious effects on a patient’s recovery. Continuous epidural analgesia can be used to control pain in critical care patients. This mode of analgesia administration provides pain relief without the delays inherent in the as-needed administration of analgesics. Fifteen critical care unit patients were part of a multidisciplinary, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of various epidural analgesic agents in 43 thoracic and 66 abdominal surgery patients. The purpose of the stu

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Wiyono, Andi Eko, Faireza Mawaddah, and Nidya Shara Mahardika. "Application of Foam Mat Drying in the Making of Herbal Powder." International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (2024): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v5i1.201.

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The increasing demand for herbal raw materials in Indonesia is evidenced by data according to Riskesdas in 2010-2018 increased by 44.3%. The data also states that 59.12% of Indonesians still consume herbal medicine and 95.6% know the benefits of herbal medicine. The herbal drink consists of various spice mixtures. Commonly used spices consist of ginger, aromatic ginger and lemongrass. Ginger contains gingerol active compounds with antioxidant activity above vitamin E and α-tocopherol. Aromatic ginger contains phenol chemical compounds as antioxidants that are analgetic. Lemongrass contains bio

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Moulin, Dwight. "Opioid Analgesics in the Management of Neuropathic Pain." Pain Research and Management 5, no. 1 (2000): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/734239.

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The role of antidepressants and anticonvulsants in the management of neuropathic pain has been well established. However, up to 50% of patients obtain inadequate pain relief with the use of either or both of these agents; in this subpopulation, an opioid analgesic may be beneficial. There is clear evidence that opioid analgesics are efficacious in the management of neuropathic pain, but there is controversy as to the balance between analgesia and adverse effects. Opioid treatment may require higher doses than other kinds of drug therapies, thereby increasing the risk of opioid-related side eff

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George, Stephy, and Meagan Johns. "Review of nonopioid multimodal analgesia for surgical and trauma patients." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 24 (2020): 2052–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa301.

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Abstract Purpose Pain is a frequent finding in surgical and trauma patients, and effective pain control remains a common challenge in the hospital setting. Opioids have traditionally been the foundation of pain management; however, these agents are associated with various adverse effects and risks of dependence and diversion. Summary In response to the rising national opioid epidemic and the various risks associated with opioid use, multimodal pain management through use of nonopioid analgesics such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, α 2 agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMD

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Mohamed, Sahar A. "Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunctive Analgesic with Bupivacaine in Paravertebral Analgesia for Breast Cancer Surgery." Pain Physician 5;17, no. 5;9 (2014): E589—E598. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/e589.

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Background: There is little systematic research on the efficacy and tolerability of the addition of adjunctive analgesic agents in paravertebral analgesia. The addition of adjunctive analgesics, such as fentanyl and clonidine, to local anesthetics has been shown to enhance the quality and duration of sensory neural blockades, and decrease the dose of local anesthetic and supplemental analgesia. Objectives: Investigation of the safety and the analgesic efficacy of adding 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine 0.25% in thoracic paravertebral blocks (PVB) in patients undergoing modified radical m

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Tay, Wilson, and Kok-Yuen Ho. "The Role of Interventional Therapies in Cancer Pain Management." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 11 (2009): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n11p989.

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Cancer pain is complex and multifactorial. Most cancer pain can be effectively controlled using analgesics in accordance to the WHO analgesic ladder. However, in a small but significant percentage of cancer patients, systemic analgesics fail to provide adequate control of cancer pain. These cancer patients can also suffer from intolerable adverse effects of drug therapy or intractable cancer pain in advance disease. Though the prognosis of these cancer patients is often very limited, the pain relief, reduced medical costs and improvement in function and quality of life from a wide variety of a

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Arnold, John H., and Robert D. Truog. "Sedation in Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 7, no. 5 (1992): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669200700505.

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Despite the widespread use of potent sedative and analgesic agents in adult patients, it is remarkable that systemic analgesia and sedation have not been administered routinely to neonates and children until very recently. Adequate sedation and analgesia have historically been withheld from these patients because of the mistaken beliefs that pain perception was not fully developed and that these patients were much more prone to adverse effects of the most commonly used agents. There is now overwhelming evidence that pain perception and physiologic responses to stress are present in neonates of

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Fish, David, Fiona Bell, Clare O’Connell, Alison Walker, Laura Evans, and Shammi Ramlakhan. "PP40 Pre-hospital and emergency department analgesia for paediatric trauma – a survey of UK trauma centres and ambulance services supports consideration of alternatives such as ketamine." Emergency Medicine Journal 38, no. 9 (2021): A16.3—A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2021-999.40.

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BackgroundStudies have found that pre-hospital and emergency department (ED) analgesia for children is sub-optimal. In the pre-hospital setting, barriers include limited parenteral routes, education or clinical experience and practice legislation restricting the use of opioids by paramedics. Ketamine is safe and effective with multiple administration routes. It is not bound by the controlled drugs limitations in the pre-hospital setting, and is familiar to pre-hospital and ED practitioners.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to all UK Ambulance Service Medical Directors and Paediatric Major Trauma

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Hwang, Wonjung. "Evolution of pain management in lung cancer surgery: from opioid-based to personalized analgesia." Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 20, no. 2 (2025): 109–20. https://doi.org/10.17085/apm.25240.

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Pain management in lung cancer resection has undergone a paradigm shift from opioid-centric approaches to multimodal analgesia, and more recently, personalized strategies that integrate the principles of precision medicine. Historically, opioids have been the mainstay of perioperative analgesia. However, concerns regarding opioid-related adverse effects, including respiratory depression, immunosuppression, and potential oncologic implications, have driven the adoption of opioid-sparing techniques. Current strategies emphasize multimodal analgesia, combining nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs,

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Martin, Lizabeth D., Nathalia Jimenez, and Anne M. Lynn. "A review of perioperative anesthesia and analgesia for infants: updates and trends to watch." F1000Research 6 (February 8, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10272.1.

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This review focuses on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid and non-opioid analgesics in neonates and infants. The unique physiology of this population differs from that of adults and impacts drug handling. Morphine and remifentanil are described as examples of older versus recently developed opiates to compare and contrast pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in infants. Exploration of genetics affecting both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opiates is an area of active research, as is the investigation of a new class of mu-opiate-binding agents which seem selective for an

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Guadie Ahebir, Yitayal, Abebaw Misganew, Amare Anley Beyable, Samuel Debas Bayable, and Yohannes Godie Ashebir. "The Practice of Multimodal Analgesia Technique for Patients Undergoing Surgery under General Anaesthesia in Debre Markos Compersive Specialized Hospital Debre Markos, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2022. A Cross-Sectional Study." Annals of Emergency Surgery 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47739/2573-1017.emergencysurgery.1038.

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Background: Practice guidelines for preoperative pain management recommend that multimodal analgesic therapy should be used for postsurgical patients. This method uses different analgesic agents, which may target different components of pain transmission to improve post-operative analgesia and decrease reliance on opiate-based medication. The practice of Multimodal analgesia includes the combined use of neuraxial blockage regional anesthesia and systemic medications and has been shown to reduce opioid use and side effects in surgical patients. However, the proportion of patients who receive th

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Gaelen, Jordan I., Michael R. King, John Hajduk, et al. "Ultrasound-Guided Occipital Nerve Blocks as Part of Multi-Modal Perioperative Analgesia in Pediatric Posterior Craniotomies: A Case Series." Children 10, no. 8 (2023): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10081374.

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Various regional anesthetics have been used for postoperative analgesia for pediatric craniotomy. In this case series, we report retrospectively collected data on postoperative pain and analgesic use in 44 patients who received ultrasound-guided occipital nerve blocks in addition to intravenous analgesic agents for posterior craniotomy procedures. In the immediate post-anesthesia care unit, pain was rated as zero or well controlled in 77% of patients, with only 43% requiring intravenous or demand patient-controlled analgesia opioids. There were no block-related complications. Occipital nerve b

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BRĂDIŞ, Adriana Alexandra, Adrian Daniel TULIN, Erick NESTIANU, and Ioana Anca BĂDĂRĂU. "Acute postoperative pain." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 11, no. 3 (2016): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2016.3.2.

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Acute postoperative pain is a personal unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with negative physiological and psychological effects. Severe acute pain may increase postoperative morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for chronic pain incidence. We evaluate pain intensity using pain scales. Pain management includes preventive analgesia who interacts and modulates central sensitization response and multimodal analgesia which uses two or more different analgesic mechanisms agents for a superior analgesic effect. Effective pain management provide early postoperative recovery and decreas

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Tsuchiya, Hironori, and Maki Mizogami. "Old and New Analgesic Acetaminophen: Pharmacological Mechanisms Compared with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs." Future Pharmacology 5, no. 3 (2025): 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/futurepharmacol5030040.

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Although it is more than a century since it was first marketed, acetaminophen remains one of the most popular analgesic agents. In addition, acetaminophen has recently been applied to multimodal analgesia in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and its consumption significantly increased during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 as well as diclofenac and ibuprofen. However, the detailed mode of analgesic action of acetaminophen is still unclear. In the present study, we comprehensively discuss conventional, recognized, and postulated mechanisms of analgesic acetaminoph

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Savchenko, I. M. "THE BASE PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS ANALGESIA." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 4 (December 28, 2006): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2006-3-4-1.

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The systems medicaments analgesia occupy primary point in protection of surgical patient from pain. The analgesia have been achieved introduced analgesics different ways ensuring the bioavailability of them. Effects of analgesics developing after interaction of agonists to exciting or inhibition nociceptors in peripheral and central nerves structures. The therapeutic agents can interaction with neurotransmitters modality rise or cessation of the pain.

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Hidayaturachman, Fany Arsyad, Djazuly Chalidyanto, and Dewi Retno Suminar. "Planning Development Level of Evidence Pain Management in Pre-hospital Emergency Department: A Systematic Review." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 6, no. 1 (2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v6i1.337.

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Introduction: Regarding pre-hospital pain management focus on the emergency department, safety of analgesics used is one of the concerned areas to be developed clearly. However, the current level of evidence in pre-hospital pain management of injured patients, focusing on the safety and effect of pre-hospital analgesia has not been explored. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of evidence in pre-hospital pain management of injured patients, focusing on the safety and effect of pre-hospital analgesia. Methods: A systematic review was performed in this study with inclusion criteria ad

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Margeti, Chrysoula, Charalampos Kostakis, Vassiliki Tsioli, Konstantina Karagianni, and Eugenia Flouraki. "Local Anaesthesia Techniques in Dogs and Cats: A Review Study." Pets 1, no. 2 (2024): 88–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pets1020009.

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The use of multimodal anaesthesia and analgesia is desirable as part of a complete analgesic plan. Analgesic strategies for perioperative pain treatment include combinations of drugs with different means of action to increase their efficacy and to reduce the required doses and adverse effects. Local anaesthetics prevent the transduction and transmission of painful stimuli through their action on neuronal cell membranes. They undergo minimal systemic absorption and are therefore ideal alternatives to drugs that could result in systemic toxicity. Numerous benefits have been recognised for the us

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Dmytriiev, Dmytro, A. Andriiets, E. Andriiets, V. Bankivsky, and S. Yatsenko. "Management of pain treatment in the early postoperative period. Practice of using ketorolac. A clinical case." Pain medicine 5, no. 3 (2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31636/pmjua.v5i3.3.

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The current strategy of rational perioperative analgesia involves reducing the use of opioid analgesics and preventing associated side effects. Today it is known that the use of opioid analgesics can further lead to the development of hyperalgesia. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is an adaptive response of the body in response to exogenous administration of opioids, the mechanisms of development of which are associated with the activation of the central glutamatergic system and the release of spinal dinorphins. In contrast, gabapentin, NSAIDs, and ketamine have opioid-preserving properties, reduci

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Choi, Eunjoo, Francis Sahngun Nahm, Woong Ki Han, Pyung-Bok Lee, and Jihun Jo. "Topical agents: a thoughtful choice for multimodal analgesia." Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 73, no. 5 (2020): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kja.20357.

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For over a thousand years, various substances have been applied to the skin to treat pain. Some of these substances have active ingredients that we still use today. However, some have been discontinued due to their harmful effect, while others have been long forgotten. Recent concerns regarding the cardiovascular and renal risk from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and issues with opioids, have resulted in increasing demand and attention to non-systemic topical alternatives. There is increasing evidence of the efficacy and safety of topical agents in pain control. Topical analgesics are g

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Tabeeva, G. R. "Rational approach to migraine attacks relief." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 17, no. 2 (2025): 100–106. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2025-2-100-106.

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Strategies against migraine attacks include the use of pharmacological agents that are both non-specific and specific for migraine. Despite the wide arsenal of pharmacological agents, effective pain relief is achieved in only one third of migraine patients. When choosing the optimal analgesics for each patient, several key characteristics of the drug should be considered: not only its analgesic effect, but also its ability to rapidly terminate concomitant symptoms without the need for additional analgesics. One of the justified strategies is the combination of specific and nonspecific agents o

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Lelyukh, M. I. "Biological activity of heterocyclic systems based on functionally substituted 1,3,4-thia(oxa)diazoles (a review)." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/10.32352/0367-3057.6.19.05.

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1,3,4-Thiadiazole and oxadiazole hetetocycles are well-known pharmacophore scaffolds, which possess wide possibility for chemical modification and identified diverse pharmacological potential. Such essential and many-sided activities let to consider the mentioned heterocycles as ones of the crucial for expression of pharmacological activity, which confirm their importance for medicinal chemistry. Moreover, 1,3,4-oxadiazole cycle is a bioisostere for carboxylic, amide and ester groups, which mostly contribute to enhancement the pharmacological activity by participating in hydrogen bonding inter

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Fuchs, Perry N., Bradley Kerr, and Ronald Melzack. "Possible Nonopioid-Mediated Analgesia Produced by Methotrimeprazine in Rats." Pain Research and Management 1, no. 4 (1996): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/631681.

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BACKGROUND:Several reports in the 1960s demonstrated that methotrimeprazine (MTMZ), a phenothiazine derivative, is effective for treating acute and chronic pain. Although MTMZ has received little attention in recent decades, the fact that it derives from a class of drugs usually associated with cognitive and emotional processes, rather than the traditional analgesics, makes it interesting as a potential source of information about the mechanisms of analgesia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the analgesic properties of MTMZ in a dose-related design in the formalin test, and to examine whether the lowest do

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Bai, Johnny Wei, Dong An, Anahi Perlas, and Vincent Chan. "Adjuncts to local anesthetic wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 45, no. 8 (2020): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101593.

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly infiltrated into surgical wounds for postsurgical analgesia. While many adjuncts to LA agents have been studied, it is unclear which adjuncts are most effective for co-infiltration to improve and prolong analgesia. We performed a systematic review on adjuncts (excluding epinephrine) to local infiltrative anesthesia to determine their analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing properties. Multiple databases were searched up to December 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two reviewers independently performed title/abstract screening and full-text rev

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KAZAKOS (Γ.Μ. ΚΑΖΑΚΟΣ), G. M., I. SAVVAS (Ι. ΣΑΒΒΑΣ), and D. RAPTOPOULOS (Δ. ΡΑΠΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ). "Pain management in cat." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 58, no. 3 (2017): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14990.

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Although cats are very popular pets, pain in this species is often underestimated. The reasons for this may include difficulties in pain recognition, unfamiliarity with the use of opioids or non-steroidal analgesic drugs, and with the application of local analgesic techniques. Proper pain management should always be undertaken mainly for medical and humane purposes. Pre-emptive and multimodal analgesia can aid significanly in postoperative pain alleviation. Nowadays, the veterinarian's armamentarium is equipped with a variety of agents in order to alleviate pain in cats. Non-steroidal anti-inf

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Yaghoobi, Siamak, Mahyar Seddighi, Zohreh Yazdi, Razieh Ghafouri, and Marzieh Beigom Khezri. "Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Dexamethasone and Fentanyl Added to Lidocaine through Axillary Block in Forearm Fracture." Pain Research and Treatment 2013 (December 29, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/761583.

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Aim. Regional analgesia has been introduced as better analgesic technique compared to using systemic analgesic agents, and it may decrease the adverse effects of them and increase the degree of satisfaction. Several additives have been suggested to enhance analgesic effect of local anesthetic agents such as opioids and steroids. We designed this randomized double-blind controlled study to compare the analgesic efficacy of the dexamethasone and fentanyl added to lidocaine using axillary block in patients undergoing operation of forearm fracture. Materials and Methods. Seventy-eight patients 20–

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Cherniy, V. I., and V. S. Myrona. "Anesthesiological provision in hip and knee joint replacement (a scientific literature review)." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 20, no. 2 (2024): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.20.2.2024.1683.

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Effective pain management during hip and knee replacement ensures the efficient and fast recovery of patients. Joint replacement surgery is typically accompanied by the use of general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia, despite certain risks, demonstrates better effectiveness compared to general anesthesia in hip and knee replacements. In other words, spinal anesthesia entails fewer perioperative complications. The addition of sedation and anesthesia monitoring during joint replacements using spinal anesthesia is of particular importance. After a successful surgical procedure o

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Bhardwaj, Ankita, Ananya Deep, Ansh Chadha, and Yajas Kumar. "Advances in pain management in oral surgery." Journal of Academy of Dental Education 11 (April 22, 2025): 68–70. https://doi.org/10.25259/jade_78_2024.

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Recent advancements in post-operative pain management for oral surgery have emphasized enhancing patient comfort, expedited recovery times, and reducing reliance on opioids. Key strategies include the implementation of multimodal analgesia, which involves the concurrent use of multiple analgesic agents to achieve superior pain control with a reduced incidence of side effects. Regional anesthesia techniques, such as nerve blocks, offer targeted pain relief, thereby diminishing the necessity for systemic opioid administration. The integration of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols has opti

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Bilgin, Hülya, and Seda Cansabuncu. "Nociception Monitoring." Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialists' Society 31, no. 1 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54875/jarss.2023.67799.

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Tissue damage and inflammation-induced nociception during surgery are the primary reasons for administering general anesthesia to the patient. During general anesthesia, analgesics inhibit autonomic and somatic responses, hypnotic agents prevent awareness, and neuromuscular blocking agents inhibit reflex movements. Careful monitoring of the effects of general anesthesia is necessary to avoid over- or under-dosing of anesthetics and thus to prevent associated complications and adverse effects. In general, hemodynamic parameters have been used to guide the intraoperative administration of analge

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Akter Khatun, Shima, Sumaiya Ahmed, Mosaddek Hossain Mondal, Rashel Bin Hossain, Kartick Chanda Shaha, and Shusmita Saha. "Utilization Pattern of Analgesics in Orthopedic in-Patient Department at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Dhaka." Medicine Today 37, no. 1 (2025): 111–13. https://doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v37i1.79432.

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Introduction with Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization pattern of analgesics in orthopedic in-patient department at tertiary level teaching hospital in Dhaka. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out for 6 month from July 2018 to December 2018. Collected data were age, sex, number of the drugs, co-prescribed drugs along with analgesic during the study period. The patients details were recorded in a predegined data collection form and results were analyzed by SPSS Version (20.1). Results: Out of 200 patients, 123 were male and 77

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Hall, Lisa G., Lance J. Oyen, and Michael J. Murray. "ANALGESIC AGENTS." Critical Care Clinics 17, no. 4 (2001): 899–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70186-x.

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Huss, Monika K., Stephen A. Felt, and Cholawat Pacharinsak. "Influence of Pain and Analgesia on Orthopedic and Wound-healing Models in Rats and Mice." Comparative Medicine 69, no. 6 (2019): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000013.

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The surgical stress response and resulting physiologic changes can lead to postoperative complications and negatively impact animal welfare. Although appropriate pain management is crucial to reduce the pain and stress response to surgery, analgesic choice can significantly affect bone and wound healing. This review aims to summarize data from rat and mouse studies and to provide recommendations for integrating analgesia into orthopedic and wound healing models in these species. Data from other species, such as humans, rabbits and other rodents, is included, where available. From these data, w

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Shostak, M. A., and O. E. Domoratskyi. "Optimization of acute postoperative pain management in trauma and orthopedic patients." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 20, no. 8 (2025): 759–64. https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.20.8.2024.1813.

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Background. The modern approach to multimodal postoperative analgesia involves the administration of two or more analgesic agents that exert a polymodal effect on the pathogenetic mechanisms of pain. Nefopam hydrochloride can prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia, relieve pain without respiratory depression and without affecting platelet aggregation, the state of the gastrointestinal mucosa and intestinal motility, which differentiates it from traditional non-opioid analgesics. Objective: to assess the impact of nefopam hydrochloride as a component of multimodal analgesia on pain intensity and s

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McKeown, Andrew, Vyacheslav Seppi, and Raymond Hodgson. "Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate for Analgesia after Caesarean Section: A Systematic Review." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9186374.

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Objective. To summarise the evidence for use of intravenous magnesium for analgesic effect in caesarean section patients. Background. Postcaesarean pain requires effective analgesia. Magnesium, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and calcium-channel blocker, has previously been investigated for its analgesic properties. Methods. A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for randomised-control trials comparing intravenous magnesium to placebo with analgesic outcomes in caesarean patients. Results. Ten trials met inclusio

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Kennedy, Michele, Dana Bullick, Sharon Barniak, Joanne McGovern, Trisha Patel, and Jeffrey Hoag. "Reducing pain, agitation and delirium to optimize outcomes in mechanically ventilated critically ill oncology patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 7_suppl (2016): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.233.

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233 Background: Greater than 60% of cancer patients experience chronic pain which is heightened in critical illness. Optimal pain assessment is challenging in the critically ill leading to under treatment due to sedation during mechanical ventilation (MV). The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) favors treating pain with intermittent boluses rather than continuous infusions; however,appropriate analgesic doses and means of titration are elusive leading to over sedation, prolonged ventilation, and delirium. Utilization of protocols promotes better nursing assessment of sedation-delirium sc

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M., BOSE, DUTTA D., PATHAK B., and B. PATRA B. "Synthesis of Some Spiro[5.5] undecanes as Possible Analgesic Agents." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Jan 1985 (1985): 69–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6302565.

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Department of Chemical Technology, University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta-700 009 <em>Manuscript received 13 January 1983, revised 25 June 1981, accepted 18 January 1985</em> Synthesis of Some Spiro[5.5] undecanes as Possible Analgesic Agents.  

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