Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Análises em tempo real'
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Bognar, Carlos Eduardo. "Aplicação de análises multivariadas em meta-raciocínio bayesiano: uma abordagem para sistemas especialistas de tempo-real." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2008. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=598.
Full textYoshioka, Marcelo Ehara. "Análise em tempo real de comportamento explosivo em preços no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10587.
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his study aims to determine the existence of explosive behavior in prices in the Brazilian market and identify when these explosions occurred. The approach consists of using a new methodology based on recursive unit root tests, which identifies the beginning and ending dates of price bubbles. For empirical tests were used market indexes (Bovespa adjusted for dollar and dividend yield) and IGP-DI price series (monthly inflation rate and accumulated 12 months inflation rate), which show evidences of explosive behavior over time. The results show the existence of explosive behavior for the Bovespa index (adjusted for dollar) in 1997, 2006 and 2008 (the period prior to the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers) and for the IGP-DI inflation rate (accumulated 12 months) in the 80's and 90's, prior to Plano Real.
O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a existência de comportamento explosivo em preços no mercado brasileiro e identificar quando essas explosões ocorreram. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma nova metodologia recursiva de testes de raiz unitária, que identifica início e fim de explosões de preços em tempo real. Foram escolhidos os índices de mercado (Bovespa ajustado pelo dólar e pelo dividend yield do mercado) e a série de preços IGP-DI (taxa de inflação mensal e acumulada em 12 meses) por apresentarem evidências de comportamento explosivo ao longo do tempo. Os resultados obtidos apontaram a existência de comportamentos explosivos nas séries do Ibovespa ajustado pelo dólar nos anos de 1997, 2006 e 2008 (período anterior à quebra do Banco Lehman Brothers) e na taxa de inflação acumulada em 12 meses nas décadas de 80 e 90, previamente ao Plano Real.
Ochioni, Alan Clavelland. "Análises de polimorfismos dos genes de mediadores inflamatórios envolvidos na obesidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2016. http://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/16232.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Hoje em dia, a obesidade constitui-se num sério problema mundial de saúde e tem sido a maior causa de morbidade e mortalidade associada ao aumento do risco para algumas doenças comuns, como diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão, certas formas de câncer e síndromes metabólica. O aumento de peso surge através de ações conjuntas dos fatores ambientais e genéticos, em particular naqueles que já são geneticamente predispostos. Alguns estudos vêm investigando os fatores genéticos que predispõem a obesidade, porém os resultados ainda não são bem compreendidos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar alguns dos polimorfismos dos genes que codificam citocinas pró-inflamatórias e anti-inflamatórias, quimiocinas e adipocitocinas. O estudo desses genes pode ajudar a definir um perfil de risco associado ao desenvolvimento de processos inflamatórios na obesidade e trazer expectativas de um desenvolvimento mais efetivo de prevenção e intervenção terapêutica. O estudo está sendo realizado a partir de 190 obesos e 180 eutróficos. As análises dos polimorfismos foram realizadas utilizando técnicas de biologia molecular tais como: PCR convencional, PCR-RFLP e PCR em tempo real O sequenciamento foi realizado para a validação dos resultados encontrados por PCR convencional e RFLP. Resultados preliminares mostraram que no polimorfismo rs7799039, localizado na região promotora do gene LEP, o alelo G (selvagem) é um fator de risco para os obesos (\03C72=19,19, p<0,001; OR=1,974). Outro polimorfismo (rs2167270) do mesmo gene apresentou o alelo mutado A como um fator de risco para a obesidade (\03C72=8,24; p=0,04). Entretanto foram observados resultados significativos para a associação de outros polimorfismos nos genes IL-6 (rs1800795) e IL-10 (rs1800872), com comorbidades em obesos. Contudo, nossas análises revelaram que o polimorfismo rs1800795 do gene IL-6 está influenciando a variável bioquímica LDL nos obesos (p= 0,02) e este pode ser um fator de risco para a SM. A deleção de 14pb no polimorfismo rs3917887 do gene MCP-1 apresenta efeitos significantes em variáveis como o IMC, HDL e LDL (p=0,03, p=0,04 e p=0,05, respectivamente) e da Proteína C Reativa (PCR) nos obesos. Além disso, análises baseadas na concentração da Proteína C-Reativa revelaram que os polimorfismos estudados podem estar associados ao risco de inflamação visto em obesos
Abstract: Nowadays, obesity constitutes a serious global health problem and has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with an increased risk for some common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, certain forms of cancer and metabolic syndrome (MS). Weight gain comes through joint actions of environmental and genetic factors, particularly to whom are already genetically predisposed. Some studies have investigated the genetic factors that predispose to obesity, but the results are not yet well understood. This study aims to analyze some of the polymorphisms of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adipocytokines. The study of these genes can help define a risk profile associated with the development of inflammation in obesity and bring expectations of a more effective development of preventive and therapeutic intervention. The study is being conducted from 190 obese and 180 normal weight. The analyzes of the polymorphisms were carried out using molecular biology techniques such as conventional PCR, PCR-RFLP and PCR in real time Preliminary results showed that in the polimorfism rs7799039, located in the promoter region of the LEP gene, the allele G (wild) is a risk factor for obesity (\03C72 = 19.19, p <0.001; OR = 1,974), another polymorphism (rs2167270 ) also into the same gene show the mutated allele as a risk factor for obesity (\03C72 = 8.24; p = 0.04). However we did not show significant results for an association of polymorphisms in other genes such as IL-6 (rs1800797), IL-10 (rs1800872), TNF-\03B1 (rs180629) and MCP-1 (rs3917887) for the development of other co-morbidities in obese. However our analyzes revealed that the rs1800795 polymorphism of the IL-6 gene is influencing LDL in obese patients (p = 0.02) and this can be a risk factor for MS. On the other hand, deletion of 14pb in rs3917887 polymorphism of MCP-1 gene show significant effects on variables such as BMI, HDL and LDL (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 and p = 0.05 respectively) and Protein C-reactive (PCR) in obeses. Furthermore, analysis based on the concentration of the PCR revealed that the studied polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of inflammation in obese subjects
Neto, Celso de Campos Toledo. "Ciclos do produto brasileiro: decomposição e análise em 'tempo real'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-28072004-110113/.
Full textThe first paper applies the methodology proposed by Chari, Kehoe and McGrattan (2003) to analyze cyclical fluctuations of the Brazilian industry, usually obtained by means of mechanical filters. The results suggest that filter-obtained cycles using the Hodrick Prescott filter or a band pass filter include components originated from supply and demand disturbances. Particularly, the simulations indicate that most Brazilian cycles are due to supply movements. This result leads to the conclusion that calibrating monetary policy based on a filter-obtained output-gap is potentially flawed. Indeed, IS curve estimations using supply-driven and demand-driven cyclical components show that the impact of monetary policy is more significant in the former than the latter. Thus, it would seem that there is an inflation bias in current monetary policy practice. The paper shows also that a Phillips Curve estimated from demand-driven cyclical components reveals a higher coefficient than one obtained by the usual regressions. The second paper compares the performance of band pass filters with the Hodrick Prescott filter in terms of their ability to extract the cycles of Brazilian GDP in real time. Using actual and artificial data, the simulations indicate that the Hodrick Prescott filter is inferior. This conclusion holds for two alternative models to describe the GDP dynamics: (i) supposing the series is I(0) around a deterministic trend with a few structural breaks and (ii) supposing the series is I(1). The results are also robust with respect to more than one benchmark chosen to evaluate the performance of the filters. The third paper obtains: (i) a seasonally adjusted quarterly GDP series for the period 1980 to 2002, that is perfectly compatible with the annual National Accounts real variations, correcting a step problem present in the electronically available series; (ii) a reliable series going back to 1970, using temporal disaggregation methods with indicators; (iii) a series going back to 1947 that, most likely, preserves a reasonable amount of the cyclical components of the GDP and (iv) a series going back to 1956 that is likely to include part of the irregular components.
Valério, Alberto Januário Gontijo. "Uma análise em tempo real dos dados do PIB brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20515.
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Neste trabalho há uma comparação entre os dados vintage e dados finais, ou seja, dados disponíveis imediatamente ao mercado e agentes de política monetária e os dados revisados posteriormente ao longo do tempo. A análise é feita do hiato do produto derivado do PIB brasileiro nas duas situações do período de 1996 a 2016. Para a decomposição do PIB, foram utilizados filtro HP, filtro de Beveridge-Nelson e modelo Espaço-Estado, sendo este trabalho uma atualização e inovação ao trabalho de Curcinato et All (2013), 'Output Gap and GDP in Brazil: a real-time data analysis', implementando o filtro de Beveridge-Nelson e modelo Espaço-Estado. Os resultados são similares na conclusão final de ambos os trabalhos, porém nesta obra constatou-se uma maior revisão de 0.9 p.p. da média absoluta entre dados vintage e dados finais, enquanto na obra anterior constatou-se 0.7 p.p.
In this work there is a comparison between the real-time data and revised data, i.e., data available immediately to the market and monetary policy agents and the data revised later on over time. The analysis is made of the output gap of Brazilian GDP in both situations from 1996 to 2016. For the GDP decomposition, we used HP filter, Beveridge-Nelson filter and Space-State model, this work being an update and innovation to the work of Curcinato et All (2013), 'Output Gap and GDP in Brazil: time data analysis,' implementing the Beveridge-Nelson filter and Space-State model. The results are similar in the final conclusion of both works, however in this work a greater revision of 0.9 p.p. of the absolute average between real time data and revised data was verified whereas in the previous work it was verified 0.7 p.p.
Fonseca, Ana Carolina Proença da. "Análises dos polimorfismos dos genes ADIPOQ, RARRES2, PGC1-\03B1 e FNDC5 e suas possíveis associações ao desenvolvimento da obesidade no Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/12496.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
A obesidade é um sério problema mundial de saúde e tem sido associada ao aumento de risco para doenças comuns como a diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cardiovasculares, hipertensão, certas formas de câncer e síndrome metabólica. Segundo dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde, existem mais de um bilhão de adultos com sobrepeso, e pelo menos 500 milhões de obesos, o que caracteriza a obesidade como um grave problema atual. O aumento de peso surge através de ações conjuntas dos fatores ambientais e genéticos, em particular naqueles indivíduos que já são geneticamente predispostos. Estudos têm investigado os fatores genéticos que predispõem à obesidade, embora tais fatores ainda sejam pouco compreendidos. Os genes candidatos à predisposição da obesidade estão relacionados com a regulação da fome, balanço energético, metabolismo de lipídeos e glicose; e diferenciação de adipócitos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo de polimorfismos nos genes ADIPOQ (rs17366568 e rs182052), RARRES2 (rs17173608 e rs4721), PGC1-\03B1 (rs8192678 e rs3736265) e FNDC5, no intuito de analisar uma possível associação ao desenvolvimento de obesidade e complicações metabólicas associadas. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos foi realizada em 244 indivíduos, sendo 136 pacientes com obesidade e 108 eutróficos Os polimorfismos estudados foram analisados por PCR em tempo real usando sondas TaqMan e sequenciamento automático. Nossos principais resultados mostraram os obesos exibindo altos níveis de IMC, circunferência abdominal, circunferência do quadril, pressão arterial, glicemia, triglicerídeos, VDL colesterol, proteína C reativa e hemoglobina glicada; e exibiram baixos níveis de HDL colesterol, quando comparados aos eutróficos. Além disso, estes obesos foram mais susceptíveis a diabetes mellitus tipo 2, síndrome metabólica e hipertensão. Em relação às análises moleculares, nós encontramos associações entre o polimorfismo rs3736265 e o haplótipo rs17366568/ rs182052 com a obesidade. Além disso, o polimorfismo rs182052 estava influenciando os traços de obesidade nos pacientes mórbidos, enquanto que o polimorfismo rs17173608 estava influenciando estes traços em ambos os indivíduos obesos e ix eutróficos; e o polimorfismo rs8192678 influenciou o peso nos controles. Com relação aos parâmetros pressóricos e bioquímicos, nós observamos que o polimorfismo rs17173608 estava associado com os altos níveis de glicose nos indivíduos com IMC normal. Já os SNP rs8192678 e rs113173936 tinham efeitos na pressão arterial de obesos. Além disso, os polimorfismos rs3736265 e rs72882318 apresentaram efeitos nos níveis de VDL colesterol e triglicerídeos também em obesos. Finalmente, nossos resultados mostraram que os polimorfismos rs3736265 e rs4721 estavam associados com a síndrome metabólica e a diabetes mellitus tipo 2, respectivamente. Nós concluímos que estes polimorfismos influenciam de diferentes formas a obesidade e as complicações metabólicas
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and h as been a major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with an increased risk for some common diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, hypertension, certain types of cancer and metabolic syndrome. According to the World Health Organi zation, there are more than one billion adults overweight and at least 500 million obese, which characterizes obesity as a serious problem today. Weight gain gives rise due to actions regarding environmental and genetic factors , in particular those who are already genetically predisposed. Studies have investigated the genetic factors that predispose to obesity, although these factors are still poorly understood . The candidate genes associated to obesity predisposition has been associated to the regulation o f hungry, the energy balance, lipid and glucose metabolism; and adipocyte differentiation. This project aims to study the polymorphism of ADIPOQ (rs17366568 and rs182052), RARRES2 (rs17173608 and rs4721), PGC1 - α (rs8192678 and rs3736265) and FNDC5 gene, in order to analyze a possible association with the development of obesity and metabolic complications associated with it. Genotyping of these polymorphisms was performed for 244 subjects, being136 patients with obesity and 108 non - obesity controls. The polymorphisms studied in this project were analyzed by real - time PCR using TaqMan probes and automated sequencing. Our main results showed that obese subjects exhibiting high levels of BMI, abdominal circumfe rence, hip circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, VDL - cholesterol, C - reactive protein and glycated haemoglobin, and exhibited lower levels of HDL - cholesterol when compared to controls . Furthermore, these obese subjects were more sus ceptible of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. Regarding the molecular analysis, we found association of rs3736265 polymorphism and rs17366568/rs182052 haplotype with obesity. Moreover, rs182052 polymorphism was influencing traits of obe sity in morbid patients, while rs17173608 polymorphisms were influencing traits in both lean and obese subjects and rs8192678 SNP influenced only weight with control subjects only the weight of controls . Regarding to the blood pressure and biochemical para meters, we observed that rs17173608 polymorphism was associated with high levels of fasting glucose in normal BMI subjects. Already rs8192678 and rs113173936 SNP had effects of blood pressure in obese patients. Furthermore, rs3736265 and rs72882318 polymor phisms had effects of VDL - cholesterol and triglycerides levels in obese subjects. Finally, our results showed that rs3736265 and rs4721 polymorphisms were associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, respectively. We conclude that these polymorp hisms influence the obesity in different ways and metabolic complications as well .
Rebolho, Daniela Cristina. "Um método para identificação de parâmetros modais em tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-26102015-090930/.
Full textIn the Aeronautical Industry, the quality and the performance of its products, that are directly related to the project and the development of adequate structures, are of extreme importance, since, beyond their functional characteristics, their integrity, in the most diverse operation conditions, must also be guaranteed. The dynamic behavior of these structures is one of its main aspects, mainly due to continuous demand for lighter and consequently more flexible structures. Traditionally, the aerospace structures must be submitted to some form of verification before the flight, to assure that the aircraft is free of any aeroelastic instability phenomenon, which when occurring will provoke structural fatigue problems or failure. One of the more important instability phenomena is called flutter. The techniques of flight test for identification of flutter are of extreme importance for the knowledge of the limits of safe flight. One of the essential elements for the accomplishment of flutter tests in flight is the process of identification of the structural modal parameters of the aircraft under test. The accurate and fast identification of the modal parameters allows determining, with antecedence and security, the flight conditions where the phenomenon of flutter will occur. Currently the research in this area points in the direction of developing the technology that allows the identification in real time of the modal parameters associated to flutter. In this work the study of a method of identification of modal parameters was carried through to be applied in real time. The method of identification used for this study is the EERA - Extended Eigensystem Realization Algorithm, a method of identification in the time domain considered efficient and powerful, since it is capable to identifying complex dynamic behavior in structures. The algorithm was validated with an experimental test in a model of wing in the wind tunnel, where the involved modal parameters in flutter had been determined. Also an experimental test was carried out with an aluminum plate, where its modal parameters, natural frequencies and damping factors, had been identified. After its validation, the method EERA was adapted and programmed in the dSPACE® signals acquisition and processing equipment, which is used for carrying out identification in real time. Finally an experimental test, in real time, with the previously used aluminum plate was carried out, when the modal parameters identified on-line were compared with those identified off-line, thus proving the efficiency of the method for identification in real time.
Kovach, Stephan. "Detecção de fraudes em transações financeiras via Internet em tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-09082011-155153/.
Full textOne of the most important goals of any fraud detection system, whichever is the domain where it characterizes the possibility for fraud, is to detect the largest number of frauds with fewer false alarms, also denominated false positives. The existence of false positives is a fact inherent to any fraud detection system. The first step in achieving this goal is to identify the attributes that can be used to differentiate between legitimate and fraudulent activities. The next step is to identify a method for each attribute chosen to make this distinction. The proper choice of the attributes and corresponding methods largely determines the performance of a fraud detector, not only in terms of the rate between the number of detected frauds and the number of false positives, but in terms of processing time. The challenge of this choice is higher when dealing with fraud detection in real time, that is, making the detection before the fraud is carried out. The aim of this work is to present the proposal of an architecture of a real time fraud detection system for Internet banking transactions, based on local and global observations of users behavior. The statistical method based on differential analysis is used to obtain the local evidence of fraud. In this case, the evidence of fraud is based on the difference between the current and historical behavior of the user. The frauds local evidence is strengthened or weakened by the users global behavior. In this case, the evidence of fraud is based on the number of accesses performed on different accounts made by the device used by the user and by a probability value that varies over time. The Dempster-Shafers mathematical theory of evidence is applied in order to combine these evidences for final suspicion score of fraud. This score is then compared with a threshold to trigger an alarm indicating the fraud. The main innovation and contribution of this work are the definition and exploration of detection methods based on global attributes which are domain specific of financial transactions. The evaluation results using a database with records of transactions corresponding to actual usage profiles showed that the integration of a detector based on global attributes improves the system capacity to detect frauds in 20%.
Lorbieski, Robson. "Um ambiente para análise de Threads distribuídas de tempo real." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100972.
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Mecanismos de previsão de perda de deadlines são importantes para sistemas de tempo real na medida em que possibilitam otimizar seu desempenho através de ações preventivas ou corretivas. Este trabalho apresenta uma implementação do mecanismo de previsão ASQ (Aperiodic Server Queue) proposto em (PLENTZ, 2008) usando o Java RTS, uma implementação da Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ). O objetivo geral é fazer uma análise qualitativa desta implementação com a descrita na referência citada, a qual utiliza a linguagem Java convencional. Para tanto, utiliza-se o mesmo modelo de tarefas proposto em (PLENTZ, 2008) que é composto por tarefas periódicas locais e aperiódicas distribuídas. Este último tipo de tarefa segue o conceito de Threads distribuídas, uma abstração que estende o modelo de threads locais, existentes em sistemas computacionais. Simulações realizadas mostram que o desempenho da implementação desenvolvida neste trabalho não apresenta uma diferença substancial em relação a versão de (PLENTZ, 2008), isto é, o número de previsões corretas e as taxas de erros de ambas as implementações ficam bem próximas com uma pequena tendência de melhora nesta versão aqui apresentada. Além disso, este trabalho apresenta uma implementação bem mais próxima de um sistema de tempo real, distanciando-se de uma simulação, na medida em que utiliza uma linguagem de programação apropriada para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de sistema.
Abstract : Deadline Missing Prediction Mechanisms provide an adequate strategy to improve the system behavior by allowing the anticipation of decisions about necessary measures to improve system performance. This work presents an implementation of ASQ (Aperiodic Server Queue) Prediction Mechanisms proposed by (PLENTZ, 2008) using Java RTS, which is a Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) implementation. The main objective is to analyse qualitatively this implementation in comparison to other described in (PLENTZ, 2008) that was implemented using the conventional Java language. To achieve this objective the same task model described in (PLENTZ, 2008) is used, the task model consists of local periodic tasks and distributed aperiodic taks. The distributed aperiodic model use the Distributed Threads concept which is an abstration that extends the local thread model used in computing systems. Simulations performed in this work shows similar results between this implementations and the one implemented by (PLENTZ, 2008), it means that the number of correct predictions and error rate of both implementations are very close with a small tendency of improvement in this version presented here. Moreover, the work presents an implementation much closer to a realtime system than a simulation is, because utilizes a programming language suitable for the development of real time systems.
Santos, Vagner Bezerra dos. "Desenvolvimento de um potenciostato/galvanostato portátil e eletrodos impressos para determinações in situ em análises em fluxo com transmissão de dados em tempo real." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6273.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The main purpose of this work was to develop a potentiostat/galvanostat (PG004) to perform the electroactive metallic ions determination in water samples automatically. A dry thermostated electrochemical cell and a flow system with multicommutation were developed based on the use of the solenoid micropumps and valves with screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for the electrochemical measurements with detection employing stopped flow or continuous flow techniques. Two types of the SPE were developed: i) the SPE based on bismuth film (SPE-BiF) electrochemically deposited for on-line and in situ or ex situ modes, and ii) the boron doped diamond coupled to the SPE (SPE-BDD). These devices, and the electrodes were optimized and their performances were evaluated firstly by employing commercially available potentiostat/galvanostat. Thus, individual or simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions were carried out using the stopped flow technique and detection employing square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) to the SPE-BiF, and differential pulse (DPASV) for the SPE-BDD. Limits of detection (LDs) of 1.60 μg L-1, 0.30 μg L-1 and 0.09 μg mL-1, respectively were obtained for the simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions by using the SPE BiF ex-situ with SWASV. For the BDD-SPE-DPASV, LDs of 2.50 μg L-1, 0.38 μg L-1 and 0.10 μg L-1 were obtained, respectively, for the determination mentioned previously. Determination of analytes individually or simultaneously were also carried out with SPE-BDD employing multiple pulse amperometry (MPA), and LDs of 150 μg L-1, 87.0 μg L-1 and 13.0 μg mL-1 were obtained respectively for simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions with a sampling rate of 54 determinations per hour. In parallel with the electroanalyticals determinations, the PG004 was developed according to the following sequence. i) development of the electronic circuits; ii) calibrations of the PG004; iii) assembly of the PG004 with the flow module coupled to it; iv) coupling of the peripheral devices to the CPU of the PG004 for the wireless transmission of the data with Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi® and 3G protocol, and a GPS receiver), and v) connections of the power unit (12 V batteries) and solar board. Then, the PG004 was employed to determine Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with SPE-BDD and SWASV in laboratory to simulate in situ conditions. Then, the PG004 was placed to the field for in situ determinations of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with good results: i) individual and simultaneous determinations of the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with recoveries ranged from 93.3 to 109%; ii) voltammograms with no noises and with good resolutions; iii) reception of the geographical coordinates using the GPS receiver and sending experimental data via mobile technology (GPRS); iv) great autonomy of energy due to the solar board; v) automated capture, filtration and thermostatic temperature control for in situ analysis; vi) SPE-BDD and SPE-BiF reusable at the end of the analysis and vii) low waste generation per determination (700 μL).
O objetivo central deste trabalho foi desenvolver um potenciostato/galvanostato (PG004) para aplicação na determinação de íons metálicos eletroativos em amostras de águas naturais de modo automatizado. Foram também desenvolvidos uma célula eletroquímica termostatizada a seco e sistemas em fluxo com multicomutação baseado no emprego de microbombas, válvulas solenoide e eletrodos impressos para determinações eletroquímicas com detecção com parada de fluxo ou com detecção com fluxo contínuo. Os eletrodos foram de dois tipos: i) eletrodos impressos de filme de bismuto (SPE-BiF) depositados eletroquimicamente em modo online e in situ ou ex situ; ii) diamante dopado com boro acoplado a eletrodo impresso (SPE-BDD). Estes aparatos e eletrodos foram otimizados e seus desempenhos foram avaliados primeiramente empregando-se potenciostatos/ galvanostatos comerciais. Para isso, determinações em modo individual ou simultâneo dos íons Zn2+, Cd2+ e Pb2+ foram realizadas empregando-se a técnica de parada de fluxo e detecção por voltametria de redissolução anódica por onda quadrada (SWASV) empregando SPE-BiF e por pulso diferencial (DPASV) empregando SPE-BDD. Limites de detecção (LDs) de 1,60 μg L-1, 0,30 μg L-1 e 0,09 μg L-1 foram obtidos para a determinação simultânea dos íons de Zn2+, Cd2+ e Pb2+, respectivamente, empregando-se SPE-BiF ex situ com SWASV. No caso de SPEBDD- DPASV, foram obtidos LDs de 2,50 μg L-1, 0,38 μg L-1 e 0,10 μg mL-1, respectivamente para a determinação supramencionada. Determinações dos analitos, separados ou simultaneamente, também foram realizadas com SPE-BDD empregando amperometria de múltiplos pulsos (MPA); os LDs obtidos foram 150 μg L-1, 87,0 μg L-1 e 13,0 μg L-1 respectivamente, com uma frequência de amostragem de 54 determinações por hora. Em paralelo às determinações eletroanalíticas supracitadas, desenvolveu-se o PG004 na seguinte sequência: i) desenvolvimento do circuito eletrônico; ii) calibrações PG004; iii) montagem do PG004 com o módulo em fluxo acoplado; iv) acoplamento dos periféricos de transmissão de dados sem fio (wireless) para comunicação Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi® e 3G, e receptor GPS à CPU do PG004; v) montagem da unidade de alimentação a base de baterias de 12 V e X placas de captação de energia solar. Em seguida, o PG004 foi empregado na determinação dos íons Cd2+ e Pb2+ com SPE-BDD e SWASV em laboratório com simulação das condições em campo. Posteriormente, o PG004 foi conduzido a campo para as determinações in situ dos íons Cd2+ e Pb2+. Resultados satisfatórios foram obtidos, tais como: i) determinações individuais e simultâneas dos íons Cd2+ e Pb2+ com percentual de recuperação entre 93,3 a 109 %; ii) voltamogramas não ruidosos com boa resolução; iii) recepção das coordenadas geográficas com o GPS e envio de dados experimentais via tecnologia de telefonia móvel (GPRS); iv) autonomia maior de energia com uso das placas de captação de energia solar; v) sistema automatizado de captação, filtração e controle termostático da temperatura para análises in situ; vi) SPE-BiF ou SPE-BDD reaproveitados e/ou reutilizados ao fim das análises e vii) baixa geração de resíduo por determinação (700 μL).
Smaniotto, Giselle Cristina. "A expressão variável do imperativo nas histórias em quadrinhos : uma análise em tempo real." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, 2005. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000107020.
Full textThis work is aimed at investigating the variation which permeates the imperative form in the written language in comic books. It is assumed in this study that this variation corresponds to the association with the subjunctive or indicative and not with the pronominal person (tu/vós). With the objective of verifying a possible change in this way, comic books which correspond to a period of more than half a century (from 1950 to 2003) are analysed. The theoretical ? methodological model adopted is the Labovian Sociolinguistic and the data has received statistical treatment through the VARBRUL variable rules program. The linguistic factors considered relevant in the conditioning of the variant forms are: the number of the grammatical person, the structure of the polarity, the verbal conjugation, the presence/absence of the complement pronoun (type, position and person). The extralinguistic factor which considered the translated and national stories was also considered decisive in the frequency of the use of the indicative form. It is observed in the total data a percentage of only 15% of use of the variant form. However, if we analyse the appearance of the indicative form decade by decade, we can show its growth from the 80?s on. This way, we can conclude that the manifestation of the imperative form is embedded in a linguistic changing process, in which the indicative and subjunctive forms, in the studied context, fight in an egalitarian way to express the imperative model. It is also remarkable that this variation phenomenon doesn?t undergo any social stigma and the variant forms are accepted with no linguistic prejudice. This way, in the spoken or written language, the changing process may be accelerated. It is believed that this study may, with the others which were carried out and will be carried out, characterize the process of the phenomenon of variation in analysis, being one more step to the language description in use of the present Brazilian Portuguese.
García, Lina Marcela Palacio. "Metodologias de análise de dados para um sistema de otimização em tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-01082013-161137/.
Full textReal-time optimization (RTO) allows making corrections in process operation conditions, with the smallest possible delay, in order to provide an optimal performance. RTO, in the classical approach, requires a constant cycle of analysis and correction of process conditions, that includes multiple steps: i) steady state identification, ii) gross errors detection and correction, iii) data reconciliation, iv) parameter estimation, v) economical optimization and vi) implementation of the optimal conditions in the control system. A data analysis system is required in the plant to classify the operating conditions as valid in order to update a steady state model. The system shall provide an updated model that can represent the real behavior of the operation that wi ll be optimized in a next step. This work is focused on the analysis of methodologies for steady-state detection, data reconciliation and parameter estimation with the required characteristics that an RTO system requires. As a case-study, a depropenizer column, owned by Petrobras is considered. An analysis of the variability of the instrumentation was performed to allow a better understanding of the process. Moreover, the analysis and validation of the process model enabled drawing convergence boundaries on process specifications and parameters. Finally, it is suggested that the feed composition and the column pressure drop should be considered as important parameters in model fitting.
Tanaka, Simone Missae. "Análise de homoplasmia de plantas transplastômicas de fumo via PCR em tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-07022012-161104/.
Full textPlastid transformation offers several advantages in relation to nuclear transformation, such as high-level of protein expression, the feasibility of expressing multiple transgenes in operons and gene containment through the lack of pollen transmission. Due to the high copy number of plastidial genome in chloroplasts and the high number of chloroplasts per plant cells, regeneration cycles under selective conditions are necessary to obtain homoplasmic transformants. Homoplasmy analysis is performed by Southern blot methodology or transgene inheritance test through seed germination in selective medium. Southern blot is laborious, time consuming and for more sensitivity it would require the use of radioisotopes, while germination test can be performed only after seed production which require a plant reproduction cycle. The objective of this study was to develop a fast, sensitive and effective method to determine the homoplasmy degree of transplastomic plants, based on real-time PCR. Tobacco leaves were transformed with vectors containing the 9 desaturase (pMR1), 15 desaturase (pMR3), -3 elongase (pMR5) and 12/3 desaturase (pMR10) each one with the aadA selection gene. In total, 44 plants were obtained, of which 21 were positive for the insertion of the transgene. The homoplasmy degree was determined by the proportion between the number of transgene copies and the number of endogenous gene copies. Initially, mixtures of homoplastomic plants DNA (pMR1 and pMR3) with wild-type plant DNA were prepared to simulate different degrees of homoplasmy. Transplastomic plant DNA or plasmid DNA was diluted to construct the standard curves and the gene amount was detected by plotting in this curves. The homoplasmy rate detected in real-time PCR were consistent with the results of germination test with values below 1 for heteroplasmic plants, 1 for homoplasmic plants and 0 for plants without the transgene insertion. The results obtained from the samples collected after the first regeneration cycle showed that 13 of the 21 plants were already in a homoplasmic state and did not require more cycles of regeneration. The real-time PCR proved to be an effective method for analyzing the homoplasmy degree of transplastomic plants.
Baroni, Leandro. "Análise de algoritmos de navegação para um sistema GPS diferencial em tempo real." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2004. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/jeferson/2004/09.21.09.01.
Full textThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that allows user to determine position and time with high precision. The position determination with GPS is based on the concept of signal time of arrival, which is aected by several errors sources in measurements. The combined eects of these errors at signal propagation cause degradation in the positioning accuracy. However, there are methods to improve the positioning accuracy, like dierential GPS (DGPS) and double dierence positioning, which try to compensate, attenuate or eliminate several error sources. In this work algorithms that allow precise real time navigation, through dierential GPS techniques are analyzed. Dierential GPS algorithms were developed, implemented and tested by the real time positioning for an user through three methods: DGPS on position, DGPS on pseudorange measurements and double dierence measurements. These algorithms were tested in two cases: static, in which both receivers are fixed; and dynamic, in which the user receiver is moving. The data in both cases were collected by two Ashtech Z12 receivers. The algorithms performance in the static test was compared with a known baseline, while the algorithm performance in the dynamic test were compared with a post-processed reference trajectory and analyzed in terms of accuracies attained.
Almeida, Neto Euclides. "Otimização dinâmica em tempo real : arquitetura de software, diagnóstico e análise de inviabilidades." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36008.
Full textConsidering the constant pressures for profit margins reduction, improvement of products quality and operational safety, that the processing industry has been submitted, has led them to the use of specialized tools of processes optimization. In the 1980 and 1990 decades, this industry has invested strongly in the use of stationary real-time optimization tools (RTO), in the online and offline forms. This technology already reached its degree of maturity, but limited to its stationary characteristics, having no ability to optimize processes due to frequent disturbances, such as quality and feed flows transitions, consequence of frequent changes in the production scheduling or recipes in batch or semibatch operations, and others. To cover this space, the dynamic real-time optimization (DRTO) is the appropriate technology to reduce the off-spec production and optimize the operational profit when the process is submitted to these disturbances. However, this technology has not reached its maturity, having only commercial tools available only in yuor offline version. In order to contribute to the consolidation of this technology, it is proposed to study and develop a DRTO system architecture to operate in process plants, to promote a conceptual improvements in this technology, and to develop a DRTO diagnostic and tuning tool. This structure is quite complete and provides the flexibility required for industrial application. The diagnostic tool allows us to solve problems that occur during the use of the DRTO system. In addition, a new methodology for infeasibility analysis and solution in DAOP is proposed here, and it is based on the solution of the multiobjective dynamic optimization. This technique can be used in online and offline modes, for diagnostics and troubleshooting dynamic optimization problems, giving more robustness to the DRTO systems, avoiding some optimizer failures.
Pintor, Paulo Sérgio Oliveira. "Processamento analítico de fluxos de dados de tráfego em tempo quase real." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23468.
Full textNos dias de hoje, as tecnologias com as quais temos contacto geram dados sobre a sua utilização e sobre o utilizador, com uma velocidade e variedade sem precedentes. Cria-se assim a necessidade de gerir os fluxos de dados e de transformar estes dados em informação armazenada de forma estruturada, inferindo sobre a mesma e retirando conclusões. As áreas de aplicação são diversas e uma das vertentes que tem recebido maior atenção é o processamento de dados referentes ao tráfego automóvel obtidos usando dispositivos GPS, que se devidamente tratados permitem dar informação adicional aos utilizadores sobre o estado do trânsito, encontrar os caminhos mais rápidos ou até fazer previsões sobre o tráfego no futuro. O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em implementar um protótipo que consiga fazer o processamento de um fluxo de dados obtidos em tempo real e estruturá-los de forma a dar respostas sobre o estado do tráfego no momento e no futuro próximo. Para conseguir dar estas respostas, serão considerados não só os dados recebidos em tempo real como também informação adquirida anteriormente, de forma a ser possível fazer comparações e tirar conclusões. O protótipo está dividido em três módulos principais: o pré-processamento e a análise de dados históricos; o processamento de dados de tráfego em tempo quase real; e a apresentação de resultados. O protótipo foi sujeito a testes e os seus resultados sujeitos a avaliação de forma a verificar a validade das respostas devolvidas ao utilizador.
Nowadays, the technologies we handle generate data about their usage and the user, with an unprecedented rate and variety. This raises the need to manage all the data streams and to transform these data in information. This information is stored in a structured way allowing to infer about it and withdraw conclusions. There is a wide range of application areas, with the car traffic data processing receiving the most attention. These data are obtained from GPS devices and if properly processed, allow the user to have additional information about the traffic status, the faster way to a destination and even predictions on the future traffic status. This dissertation aims to implement a prototype able to process and structure the data streams in real-time, to ultimately present answers about the traffic status at the moment or even in a near future. These answers are obtained not only by the real-time information but also by previously acquired information. Having two sources of information allows to compare and withdraw statistical conclusions. The prototype is divided in three main modules: the pre-processing and analysis of historical data; the processing of traffic data in near real-time; and the results presentation. The prototype was subject to tests and their results subject to evaluation to verify the answers’ assertiveness.
Martinhago, Ciro Dresch [UNESP]. "Identificação do sexo de embriões humanos através da análise de blastômero pelas técnicas da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) e hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104166.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Cpdp - Centro Paulista de Pesquisa e Diagnostico
O diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional (PGD) é um procedimento o qual permite que embriões sejam testados perante uma doença genética antes de sua transferência para o útero materno, ou seja, antes...
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a procedure that permits embryos to be tested for a possible genetic diseade before being transferred to the maternal uterus, i.e., before the beginning of pregnancy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Martinhago, Ciro Dresch. "Identificação do sexo de embriões humanos através da análise de blastômero pelas técnicas da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) e hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104166.
Full textBanca: Walter Pinto Junior
Banca: Sang Choon Cha
Banca: Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
Banca: José Carlos Peraçoli
Resumo: O diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional (PGD) é um procedimento o qual permite que embriões sejam testados perante uma doença genética antes de sua transferência para o útero materno, ou seja, antes... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a procedure that permits embryos to be tested for a possible genetic diseade before being transferred to the maternal uterus, i.e., before the beginning of pregnancy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Costa, Araújo Natália. "Análise do polimorfismo genético da lectina de ligação da manose (MBL) e a doença periodontal em diabéticos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8177.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A lectina de ligação da manose (MBL) é uma proteína plasmática sintetizada no fígado e é um importante constituinte do sistema imune inato. É capaz de se ligar a determinados carboidratos presentes na superfície de vários patógenos e interagir com proteínas séricas (MASPs) para realizar a ativação do complemento. Seus níveis séricos são afetados por polimorfismos genéticos do gene MBL2 e têm sido associados à suscetibilidade a doenças infecciosas e autoimunes. Este estudo investigou a associação entre o polimorfismo no exon-1 do gene MBL2 com a doença periodontal em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. A amostra foi composta por 100 pacientes que se submeteram ao exame clínico periodontal que avaliou, em seis sítios de cada dente, profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem, nível de inserção clínica, placa dental e número de dentes presentes. A doença periodontal foi definida como a presença de 4 + sítios com perda de inserção de ≥5 mm com um ou mais destes sítios com profundidade de sondagem de 4 + mm. Foi realizada a coleta das células de descamação da mucosa oral e a detecção do polimorfismo foi feita através da técnica de PCR em tempo real e análise da temperatura da curva de melting. Os dados evidenciaram não haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre as freqüências genotípicas (p=1,00) e alélicas (p=1,00) observadas entre os indivíduos controles e aqueles com periodontite. Este estudo indica que polimorfismo no exon-1 do gene MBL2 não esteve associado com a presença de doença periodontal na amostra estudada
Freitas, Ramon Morais de. "Técnicas de análise de séries temporais aplicadas à detecção de desflorestamento em tempo real." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2007. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2007/05.07.18.51.
Full textThe detection of deforestation in a near real time is of fundamental importance for Government policy and surveillance of forest areas. A near real-time detection would allow control of the increase of new clearings and monitoring of the deforestation pattern and dynamics in Amazonia. In this context, this work has the objective to propose a methodology to detect deforestation in near real time using MODIS images. The methodology consists on to characterize and detect deforested areas using temporal spatial time series of MODIS images. The study area is located in the Mato Grosso State, Brazilian Amazonia, encompassing three micro regions that has been characterized by high deforestation rates in the last years. The detection of deforestation in a near real time used daily MODIS images (MOD02) acquired in 2005 to 2006 time period. Following the PRODES and DETER methodology the detection of deforested areas was based on multitemporal soil and vegetation fraction images derived from linear spectral mixing model. The time-series analysis was based on the surface reflectance and surface temperature products aquired from 2000 to 2006. For the characterization of spatiotemporal time series was used 4 technics: wavelets transforms, gradiente patterns analysis, Hurst exponent and Kullback-Leibler divergency. The field campaign data, PRODES and DETER information, and Landsat TM and CBERS CCD images were utilized as ground truth for validation of the methodology. The use of multitemporal images of MOD02 product presented a global accuracy of 92.72 % to detect the deforestation when compared with ground truth. With the use of wavelets transform it was possible to characterize the deforestation date and pos-deforestation land use type. (croplands, pasture or regrowth), i.e., the landcover change dynamics. The Gradient Pattern Analysis showed a new aproach to reduce the dimensionality of data volume for in deforestation detection. The Kullback-Leibler divergency and Hurst exponent were used to analyze the statistical complexity and texture of vegetation fraction images for forest and deforested areas.
Cusinato, Rafael Tiecher. "Ensaios sobre previsão de inflação e análise de dados em tempo real no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22654.
Full textThis thesis presents three essays on inflation forecasting and real-time data analysis in Brazil. By using a Phillips curve, the first essay presents an “evolutionary model” to forecast Brazilian inflation. The evolutionary model consists in a combination of a non-linear model (that is formed by a combination of three artificial neural networks - ANNs) and a linear model (that is also a benchmark for comparison purposes). Some parameters of the evolutionary model, including the combination weight, evolve throughout time according to adjustments defined by three algorithms that evaluate the out-of-sample errors. The ANNs were estimated by using a hybrid approach based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and on a Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. In a 3, 6, 9 and 12 steps ahead out-of-sample forecasting experiment, the performance of the evolutionary model was compared to the performance of the benchmark linear model, according to root mean squared errors (RMSE) and to mean absolute error (MAE) criteria. The evolutionary model performed better than the linear model for all forecasting steps that were analyzed, according to both criteria. The second essay is motivated by recent literature on real-time data analysis, which has shown that several measures of economic activities go through important data revisions throughout time, implying important limitations to the use of these measures. We developed a GDP real-time data set to Brazilian economy and we analyzed the extent to which GDP growth and output gap series are revised over time. We showed that revisions to GDP growth (quarter-onquarter) are economic relevant, although the GDP growth revisions lose part of their importance as aggregation period increases (for example, four-quarter growth). To analyze the output gap revisions, we applied four detrending methods: the Hodrick-Prescott filter, the linear trend, the quadratic trend, and the Harvey-Clark model of unobservable components. It was shown that all methods had economically relevant magnitude of revisions. In a general way, both GDP data revisions and the low accuracy of end-of-sample output trend estimates were relevant sources of output gap revisions. The third essay is also a study about real-time data, but focused on industrial production (IP) data and on industrial production gap estimates. We showed that revisions to IP growth (month-on-month) and to IP quarterly moving average growth are economic relevant, although the IP growth revisions become less important as aggregation period increases (for example, twelve-month growth). To analyze the output gap revisions, we applied three detrending methods: the Hodrick-Prescott filter, the linear trend, and the quadratic trend. It was shown that all methods had economically relevant magnitude of revisions. In general, both IP data revisions and low accuracy of end-of-sample IP trend estimates were relevant sources of IP gap revisions, although the results suggest some prevalence of revisions originated from low accuracy of end-of-sample estimates.
Moreira, Eunice Maria Sampaio. "Análise de tendência do índice Bovespa em tempo real utilizando técnicas de inteligência artificial." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5129.
Full textEstudamos e propusemos uma solução para o caso específico do índice Bovespa (fechamento) à vista. Utilizamos técnicas de inteligência artificial, estudando modelos pouco estruturados para a análise de tendências de alta ou queda deste índice. Modelo matemático aliado às técnicas de IA é comparado e integrado, procurando adequar às necessidades de análise na área de negócios.
Silva, Karila Palma. "Análise de valor para determinação do tempo de execução no pior caso (WCET) de tarefas em sistemas de tempo real." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/133239.
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A utilização de sistemas computacionais na sociedade tem se expandido e as aplicações com requisitos de tempo real são mais comuns, variando em relação à complexidade e às necessidades de garantia no atendimento de restrições temporais (deadlines). Uma propriedade importante na definição do comportamento temporal de uma tarefa é o tempo de computação, que é o tempo necessário para a execução completada tarefa. Um dos grandes problemas de obtê-lo está ligado à análise da microarquitetura do processador. Considerando um processador que possui memória de dados com latência variada, é necessário a análise de valor para identificar a região de memória que a instrução acessa (memória principal ou ScrathPad Memory), para que o pior tempo de execução dos programas não seja consideravelmente superestimado. O objetivo deste trabalho é usar a análise de valor para determinar o tempo correto de acesso à memória, através da identificação da região de memória que cada instrução acessa, com a finalidade de obter um limite superior do WCET menos pessimista.
Abstract: The use of computer systems in our society has expanded and applications with real-time requirements are getting more usual, varying in relation to the complexity and the necessity of guaranting deadlines. An important restriction in defining the temporal behavior of a task is the computation time, i.e., the time necessary to complete the task. Amajor problem in obtaining WCET is the processor microarchitecture analysis. Considering a processor with a data memory that has varying latency, value analysis is necessary to identify the memory region tha teach instruction accesses (main memory or ScrathPad Memory), so the worst execution time of programs are not considerably overestimated.The objective of this work is to use value analysis to obtain the correct memory access time by identifying the region of memory each instruction accesses, obtaining WCET upper bounds that are less pessimistic.
Zagari, Eduardo Nicola Ferraz. "Escalonamento em tempo real das funções avançadas de analise de rede eletrica de um moderno centro de controle." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261128.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta dois modelos de implementação de escalonadores para as funções de análise de rede em tempo real em um Centro de Controle. Os escalonadores propostos gerenciam funções como o configurador de rede, o estimador de estado e o fluxo de potência on-line, tanto de forma periódica como por solicitação do operador. O primeiro modelo é um escalonador estático, baseado no algoritmo Taxa Monotônica com Servidor Esporádico, e o segundo, baseado no algoritmo Próximo Prazo, é um escalonador com atribuição dinâmica de prioridades. As características das funções avançadas de análise de rede foram analisadas quanto aos seus aspectos de restrições temporais e independência entre instâncias de varreduras do sistema de aquisição de dados distintas. As implementações foram feitas para arquiteturas computacionais monoprocessadas, sob o sistema operacional UNIX. Foram realizados testes em um sistema elétrico da região de Campinas através de três ambientes distintos
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta dois modelos de implementação de escalonadores para as funções de análise de rede em tempo real em um Centro de Controle. Os escalonadores propostos gerenciam funções como o configurador de rede, o estimador de estado e o fluxo de potência on-line, tanto de forma periódica como por solicitação do operador. O primeiro modelo é um escalonador estático, baseado no algoritmo Taxa Monotônica com Servidor Esporádico, e o segundo, baseado no algoritmo Próximo Prazo, é um escalonador com atribuição dinâmica de prioridades. As características das funções avançadas de análise de rede foram analisadas quanto aos seus aspectos de restrições temporais e independência entre instâncias de varreduras do sistema de aquisição de dados distintas. As implementações foram feitas para arquiteturas computacionais monoprocessadas, sob o sistema operacional UNIX. Foram realizados testes em um sistema elétrico da região de Campinas através de três ambientes distintos
Abstract: This work presents two real-time schedulers for network analysis functions in energy management systems. The proposed schedulers handle functions such as network configuration, state estimation and on-line power flow, both in periodic mode as well as in asynchronous mode (interruption handling). The first mo dei is a fixed priority scheduler, designed using the rate monotonic scheduling algorithm with a sporadic server, and the second one, based on the earliest deadline scheduling algorithm, is a dynamic scheduler. Time constraints and independence of the network functions were studied and then considered in the definition of the scheduler characteristics. The schedulers implementations described in this work refer specifically to the network analysis functions running on a single processor in Unix workstations. Tests have been performed with part of the CPFL network (Campinas region) and the results are reported in the dissertation
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Peronaglio, Fernanda Fernandes. "Modelagem de relações entre tarefas usando interfaces gráficas aplicada em sistemas de tempo-real /." São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183357.
Full textBanca: Henrique Dezani
Banca: Rodrigo Capobianco Guido
Resumo: A análise de sistemas computacionais por meio de simulação depende fortemente de como as tarefas a serem executadas serão modeladas. Isso é ainda mais importante quando se fala de sistemas de tempo-real, em que tarefas devem ser atendidas dentro dos intervalos corretos e a análise por simulação evita perigos possivelmente presentes se executadas no ambiente real. Entretanto, simuladores de tarefas tipicamente as modelam como blocos independentes de carga de trabalho. Embora isso seja correto ou aceitável em muitas situações, isso não é sempre verdade em sistemas de tempo-real, pois normalmente aplicações desse tipo apresentam relações de dependência entre si. Em alguns simuladores isso é resolvido com a escrita do modelo de tarefa em alguma linguagem de modelagem específica, o que evidentemente dificulta o trabalho de simulação se comparado com abordagens gráficas. Desse modo, aqui se propõe uma abordagem que permita a modelagem de interações entre tarefas, em especial de tempo-real, por meio de interfaces visuais, sem comprometer a corretude do motor de simulação. A modelagem visual permite que o usuário se concentre no problema a ser avaliado e não na programação de seus detalhes, melhorando a eficiência desse processo. Na abordagem proposta se parte do conceito de árvores hierárquicas para estabelecer associações entre tarefas, elementos de processamento e recursos do sistema. As relações previstas entre tarefas incluem precedência, sincronismo, paralelismo e exclusão mútua...
Abstract: Analysis of computing systems through simulation is strongly dependent of how tasks to be executed are modeled. This is even more important in real-time systems, where tasks must be executed before their deadlines, and their simulation avoid possible risks present in the real environment. However, simulators of such tasks usually model them as independent load blocks. Although this is correct for many systems, it is not always true for real-time systems, where applications usually have dependence relationships between tasks. In some simulators this is solved by enforcing the user to write the model in some modeling or simulation language, clearly making the simulation harder when compared to graphical approaches. Therefore, a graphical approach for task modeling is proposed. This approach is specially aimed to real-time tasks and does not compromise simulation accuracy. Graphical, that is visual, modeling allows for the user to focus on the problem to be evaluated and not in programming details of the system, improving the efficiency of this process. This proposal is based on the hierarchical tree concept to establish associations between tasks, processing elements and system resources. Chosen relationships include precedence, synchronism, parallelism and mutual exclusion. This proposal is validated through its application in a simulator of real-time scheduling algorithms named RTsim, which already offers interesting modeling/simulation characteristics such as interfaces to ...
Mestre
Silva, Tiago Sanches da. "Plataforma de estudo para determinação de conectividade cerebral embarcada e em tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-30062016-075729/.
Full textThis thesis examines a method of determination of brain connectivity whose use becomes popular in recent years, the partial direct coherence (PDC) that stands out in comparison with other methods for making possible the verification of immediate relations of multivariate signal. This method represents the brain connectivity in the frequency domain and has a close relationship with the notion of Granger causality (GRANGER, 1969) that makes it possible to quantify the mutual influence between observed time series. From a computational perspective, the above method makes use of time series models, which today has very efficient implementation in terms of off-line algorithm, but whose success depends on presume that the data is stationary, a fact that is only true in relatively short stretches of cerebral signals, especially in the case of EEG. The objective of this thesis is to create a system that calculates the PDC continuously and in real time maintaining the same precision of the off-line method. Furthermore being a research platform for implementations and tests of new methods for determining neural connectivity in real time. The developed platform is modular encouraging future work on it, and was effective in the numerical accuracy of the PDC calculation results. The real time characteristics were achieved with some restrictions that depend of the user configuration and the number of channels that the signal has.
Carvalho, Carlos Alberto de Paiva. "Estudo do algoritmo dos múltiplos tiros para controle ótimo em tempo real de veículos aeroespaciais." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1989. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1474.
Full textFroder, Hans. "Desenvolvimento de métodos para a quantificação direta de Salmonella sp. por PCR-tempo real e por transcriptase reversa-PCR-tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-25012011-175156/.
Full textIn order to get fast and trustworthy results that allow monitoring the microbiological food safety either by industries or governmental agencies, diverse alternative methods have been developed for Salmonella detection and quantification. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the viability of the use of QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit for Salmonella DNA extraction and purification; to validate assays based on real time-PCR (PCR-RT) to quantify Salmonella DNA by using ttr or tuf, and to develop an assay to quantify Salmonella based on reverse transcriptase- PCR-real time (RT-PCR-RT). For QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit evaluation feces taken directly from the rectum of infected or health animals were used, with the former being artificially contaminated. Samples were submitted to DNA extraction, according to manufacturers protocol. The isolated DNA were quantified using a Salmonella-specific PCR-RT targeting the ttr locus. The same assay was used for Salmonella cells originated from culture medium. The PCR-RT assay with tuf as target was first validated employing different Salmonella serovars and other Enterobacteriaceae strains. After, its efficiency was evaluated on food-models (chicken and swine) spiked with high (≈ 6 log CFU/mL) and low (≈ 2 log CFU/mL) Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 populations. The validation of the quantitative RT-PCR-RT method was first conducted with cells grown in culture medium, and then in the same food-model used for PCR-RT. For both methods aliquots of foodmodels were maintained at 20 ºC and 8 ºC being evaluated at different incubation times. Enumeration of total mesophilic microorganisms and Salmonella based on conventional methods were used as controls. The DNA recovery rate in swine feces artificially inoculated, after QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit treatment, was between 25% to 50% depending the initial amount of cells. Using the extracted DNA and submitting it to PCR-RT for ttr a detection level of 2,8 CFU eq/g of feces was obtained. This method showed lower sensitivity than the conventional. Salmonella quantification by PCR-RT employing tuf showed a detection level lower than 1 log CFU eq. The results obtained with this method and cells suspended in culture medium or in food-model systems were, in general slightly lower that those obtained with the conventional method. The efficiency of amplification for PCR-RT tuf was 94%. Detection limit of RT-PCR-RT was similar to that of ttr (2 log CFU eq) and efficiency of amplification was 100%. tuf was expressed in logarithmic phase of bacteria growth curve showing that it is a good viability indicator for Salmonella.
Morais, Rayana Carla Silva de. "Aplicabilidade da técnica de PCR em tempo real para caracterização de espécies de Leishmania." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/12756.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães
A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é causada por protozoários, do gênero Leishmania, envolvidos em um complexo ciclo biológico. No Brasil, sete espécies estão envolvidas com a etiologia da doença, distribuídas em todas as regiões geográficas e responsáveis por diferentes manifestações clínicas. Diante disso, o diagnóstico em conjunto com a identificação da espécie é de grande importância clínico-terapêutica. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade da técnica de PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qPCR) para identificação de espécies de Leishmania envolvidas com a etiologia da LTA. Foram realizados ensaios de qPCR para padronização da Temperatura de melting (Tm) utilizando cepas de referência de diferentes espécies de Leishmania. Após o diagnóstico em amostras de sangue de animais domésticos utilizando a qPCR, as amostras positivas foram analisadas através de suas Tm, e os produtos de qPCR foram purificados e sequenciados. Dez amostras previamente caracterizadas por isoenzimas, também foram analisadas através da Tm. Ainda como teste de referência, foi padronizada uma Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) utilizando as cepas de referência e testada nas amostras. Através da padronização da Tm das espécies, foram criados dois intervalos de análise: 1 (Tm = 78-79,99°C), que compreende: Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, Leishmania (V.) panamensis, Leishmania (V.) lainsoni, Leishmania (V.) guyanensis e Leishmania (V.) shawi; e 2 (Tm = 80-82,2°C), que compreende: Leishmania (V.) naiffi, Leishmania (L.) amazonensis e Leishmania (L.) mexicana. Um total de 223 amostras positivas foi analisado, destas, 58 incluídas no intervalo 1 e 165 no intervalo 2. O sequencimento de 94 destas amostras foi correspondente à L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis e L. (V.) guyanensis. A RFLP em 173 amostras identificou 167 L. (V.) braziliensis, 05 L. (L.) mexicana e 01 L. (V.) panamensis. A análise da Tm das dez amostras caracterizadas por isoenzimas demonstrou 80 por cento de concordância (p = 0,6499) entre o padrão-ouro (isoenzimas) e os intervalos desenvolvidos neste estudo. Os resultados do sequenciamento foram concordantes com a qPCR em 43,62 por cento (n= 41) das amostras. A RFLP e qPCR tiveram 27,74 por cento (n= 48) de concordância. Análise estatística mostrou que a qPCR e sequenciamento são testes sem diferenças estatísticas significantes (p = 0,2566). Sendo assim, é possível concluir que a Tm da qPCR pode ser utilizada como um método para direcionamento da espécie de Leishmania presente na amostra em análise, sendo necessário a realização de métodos clássicos de caracterização, quando a precisão na identificação do parasito for crucial para implementação do tratamento, como em casos de resistência e/ou recidiva da doença. A utilização desta tecnologia pode ser ainda mais precisa quando for utilizada a metodologia com sondas desenhadas para cada espécie de Leishmania, sendo necessários estudos futuros para comprovar esta perspectiva (AU)
The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, involved in a complex biological cycle. In Brazil, seven species are involved in the etiology of the disease, distributed in all geographic regions and responsible for different clinical manifestations. Therefore, the diagnosis together with the identification of the species is of great clinical and therapeutic importance. This work aims to evaluate the applicability of the technique of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the identification of Leishmania species involved in the etiology of ACL. qPCR assays for standardizing the melting temperature (Tm) using reference strains of different species of Leishmania were performed. After the diagnosis on blood samples of domestic animals using the qPCR positive samples were analyzed by their Tm and qPCR products were purified and sequenced. Ten samples previously characterized by isoenzymes were also analyzed by Tm. Also as a reference test was standardized as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) using the reference strains and tested on samples. Through standardization of Tm species two ranges of analysis were created: 1 (Tm = 78-79,99°C), comprising: Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, Leishmania (V.) panamensis, Leishmania (V.) lainsoni, Leishmania (V.) guyanensis e Leishmania (V.) shawi; and, 2 (Tm = 80-82,2°C), comprising: Leishmania (V.) naiffi, Leishmania (L.) amazonensis e Leishmania (L.) mexicana. A total of 223 positive samples were analyzed, of these, 58 included in the range 1 and 165 in the range 2 to 94 and the sequence of these samples corresponded to L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) guyanensis. By RFLP in 173 samples were identified 167 L. (V.) braziliensis, 05 L. (L.) mexicana and 01 L. (V.) panamensis The analysis of Tm of the ten samples characterized by isoenzymes showed 80 per cent agreement (p = 0.6499) between the gold standard (isoenzymes) and intervals developed in this study. The sequencing results were concordant with qPCR in 43.62 per cent (n= 41) of the samples. The RFLP and qPCR had 27.74 per cent (n= 48) agreement. Statistical analysis showed that qPCR and sequencing tests are no statistically significant differences (p = 0.2566). Thus, we conclude that the Tm of qPCR can be used as a method for direction of Leishmania species present in the sample under analysis, performing classic methods of characterization is necessary when the accuracy in identifying the parasite is crucial for implementation treatment, such as in cases of resistance and / or recurrence of the disease. The use of this technology can be even more precise when the methodology with probes designed for every Leishmania species is used; future studies are needed to confirm this view (AU)
Tolentino, Carlos Henrique Corrêa. "Modelagem e análise de restrições de tempo real no escalonamento em síntese de alto nível." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86612.
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Este trabalho apresenta a resolução de um problema clássico da Síntese de Alto Nível: o escalonamento sob restrições de recursos e de tempo. Para tanto utiliza uma abordagem orientada à exploração automática de soluções alternativas. O problema consiste em escalonar as operações de um algoritmo buscando uma melhor utilização dos recursos físicos e satisfazendo uma série de restrições de recursos, de precedência e de tempo. Os resultados experimentais mostram o sucesso das técnicas propostas em eliminar soluções de baixa qualidade do espaço de busca e melhorar a qualidade média do espaço de soluções. Em adição, na maioria dos testes realizados houve uma redução do tempo de busca por soluções de boa qualidade.
Arruda, Eduardo Henrique Zanella de. "Análise de eventos em sistemas elétricos de potência em tempo real utilizando sincrofasores e a transformada wavelet discreta." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/183230.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo e o desenvolvimento de metodologias para a análise automática de eventos, em tempo real, em Sistemas de Energia Elétrica (SEE), com a utilização de dados de medição sincronizada de fasores (SMSF) e da Transformada Wavelet Discreta (TWD). As metodologias aplicadas empregam conceitos dos sistemas de monitoramento de grandes áreas (WAMS). Tais sistemas visam melhorar e facilitar a operação em tempo real de grandes SEEs, os quais reduzem o tempo para a tomada de decisões a fim de evitar a propagação de eventos por meio do efeito cascata, diminuindo, assim, a ocorrência de blecautes. A análise automática de eventos engloba a detecção em tempo real, a classificação quanto ao tipo de evento, sua localização e a magnitude em MW, quando há cortes de carga ou geração. Todas as etapas do processo de análise de eventos fazem o uso da TWD, por meio de uma análise multiresolução (AMR). Essa técnica de análise de sinais se destaca pela capacidade de decompor o sinal em funções no domínio do tempo e da frequência, simultaneamente, os quais permitem identificar as frequências existentes no sinal em seu respectivo instante temporal. As características dos sinais são observadas em tempo real e, na ocorrência de um evento, as características do evento, por sua vez, são extraídas em diferentes resoluções e interpretadas pelo algoritmo desenvolvido. O algoritmo foi implementado em linguagem C# e validado com dados do Sistema Nacional de Medição Sincronizada de Fasores em Baixa Tensão (110 ou 220 V) - SMSF MedFasee BT/UFSC. Este sistema dispõe de 25 pontos de medição instalados em universidades, abrangendo 20 estados das cinco regiões geográficas do país. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a TWD apresenta resultados efetivos em todas as etapas do processo de análise automática de eventos em SEE em tempo real.
Abstract : This work has as objective the study and the development of methodologies for the automatic analysis of events in real-time, in Electric Power Systems (EPS), with the use of synchronized phasor measurement data and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The methodologies use the concept of wide area measurement systems (WAMS). Such systems aim to improve and facilitate the real-time operation of large EPS, reducing the time for actions to be taken, in order to prevent the propagation of an event through the cascading effect, thereby decreasing blackout occurrences. Automatic event analysis encompasses real-time detection, classification of type of event, its location and its magnitude, in MW, when there are load or generation shedding. All stages of the process of event analysis make use of TWD through a Multiresolution Analysis (AMR). This signal analysis technique is highlighted by the capacity to decompose the signal into functions in time and frequency domains simultaneously, which allows identifying the existing frequencies of the signal at their respective time instant. The signal characteristics are observed in real-time and, with the occurrence of an event, the event characteristics are extracted at different resolutions and interpreted by the developed algorithm. The algorithm was developed in C# language and validated with data from the National Synchronized Measurement System at Low Voltage (110 or 220 V) - SMSF MedFasee BT. This system has 25 measuring points installed at universities, covering 20 states of the five geographic regions of Brazil. The acquired results show that DWT presents effective results in all stages of the processes of automatic event analysis in real-time, in EPS.
Silva, Alexandra Rosa da. "Análise da cinética de replicação do parvovírus canino em cultivo de células CRFK através da PCR em tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-07082012-163057/.
Full textIn this study, was originally a standard PCR for detection of viral DNA from the canine parvovirus vaccine seed used in Brazilian Imunovet® (VR-953TM), targeting the VP2 gene. The PCR product was subjected to sequencing to genetically characterized the vaccine seed. Then, a reaction was standardized real-time PCR (RT-PCR) to detect a fragment of 119 bp VP2 gene, which was used to evaluate the growth kinetics of the CPV vaccine sample in different methods and cell culture times. The correlation between results of the infectious titre and the number of copies obtained in RT-PCR was evaluated by Pearsons correlation coefficient. The standardized PCR showed an analytical sensitivity of 457 TCID50/mL. The sequencing of the PCR product showed that the vaccine sample is CPV type 2. The standardized RT-PCR showed an analytical sensitivity of 1030 DNA copies/mL and a good analytical specificity, it does not detect the DNA of canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 and equine herpesvirus type 1. The RT-PCR showed coefficients of variation intra-assay triplicates of 0,43% and inter-assay of 0,29%. The Pearsons correlation coefficient between the titre of infectious viral samples and the number of copies obtained in RT-PCR was 0,55, considered moderately positive. Whereas the target region of the standardized RT-PCR showed 100% identity with 93,52% (159/170) of samples surveyed in Genbank by BLAST, the standard RT-PCR suggests a potential diagnostic use.
Pavanelli, Paula Edilene. "Controle e monitoramento em tempo real do regime de jorro estavel atraves da analise espectral." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267495.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o controle e monitoramento em tempo real do regime de jorro estável através do método de identificação dos regimes de contato gás-sólido por medidas de pressão no leito de jorro. O trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas: 1) identificação em tempo real dos regimes fluidodinâmicos no processo em leito de jorro baseada na análise espectral das flutuações de queda de pressão do leito e 2) controle do processo em regime estável por malha PI. O sistema constitui-se de um leito construído em acrílico com dimensões de 0,70m de altura de coluna e 0,143m de diâmetro interno, operando com três diferentes partículas, esferas de vidro (dp = 2,59mm e Pp = 2,487 g/cm3), poliestireno (dp = 2,19mm e Pp = 1,196 g/cm3) e ABS (dp = 3,08mm e Pp = 1,029 g/cm3). Determinou-se a faixa da freqüência dominante 7,2-7,9 Hz, característico do regime de jorro estável, através do algoritmo da Transformada Rápida de Fourier (FFT) para cada partícula. Todas as medidas de pressão do leito durante o processo foram coletadas pelo sistema de aquisição através da placa PCI 6024E (National Instruments) utilizando o software LabView 7.1TM. Com o intuito de controlar o regime de jorro estável no processo em leito de jorro foram definidas como variáveis controlada e manipulada a freqüência dominante do espectro de potência (Hz) e o sinal de comando para o inversor de freqüência (V), respectivamente. A freqüência dominante foi determinada pela análise espectral das flutuações de queda de pressão no leito. O sinal de comando para inversor de freqüência atuava na variável de processo vazão de ar. Aplicaram-se perturbações degrau em malha aberta na variável manipulada para determinar os parâmetros do controlador e implementou-se a malha de controle no processo. Nos experimentos em malha fechada foram aplicadas perturbações na carga como adição de partículas e alteração na posição de abertura da válvula de ar de entrada no leito afim de testar o desempenho do controlador. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o controlador PI manteve o sistema operando em regime estável mesmo quando aplicadas perturbações na carga, atingindo assim o objetivo do trabalho proposto
Abstract: This work describes the control and on line monitoring of the spouted bed steady regime using the gas-solid contact regimes identification method by pressure measurements. The work presents two main features: 1) the on line identification of fluid dynamic regimes in the spouted bed process based in the spectral analysis of the pressure fluctuations and 2) the process control using PI controllers. Experiments were performed in an acrylic cylindrical column 0.70m high and with 0.143m of internal diameter. The bed was made of three different particles: glass spheres (dp = 2.59mm and Pp = 2.4873 g/cm3), polystyrene (dp = 2.19mm and Pp = 1.1962 g/cm3) and ABS (dp = 3.08mm and p = 1.0286 g/cm3). The dominant frequency band was determined: 7.2-7.9 Hz for steady regime, through the algorithm of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), for each particle. All the measurements of pressure during the process were collected by a data acquisition system and using software LabView 7.0TM. The procedure to control the steady regime in the spouted bed process was: define the dominant frequency as the controlled variable and the signal of command for frequency inverter as the manipulated variable. The dominant frequency was determined by the spectral analysis of pressure fluctuations in the spouted bed. The command signal for frequency inverter affected the air flow variable. Step disturbances were applied in open loop in the manipulated variable to determine the parameters of the controller and control system was implemented in the process. Step disturbances like addition of particles in the spouted bed and change the position of opening of the air valve were applied in closed-loop to test the performance of the controller. The results show that PI controller was able to maintain the system operating in steady regime when disturbances were applied in the feed stream, which was the goal of this research
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Ihlaseh, Shadia Muhammad [UNESP]. "Análise da expressão dos genes STEAP1 e STEAP2 em adenocarcinomas de próstata por RT-PCR quantitativa em tempo real." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95903.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O câncer de próstata (CaP) é um problema de saúde pública devido suas altas taxas de incidência e de mortalidade. Atualmente, os marcadores disponíveis para o diagnóstico e prognóstico não são capazes de diferenciar os CaPs indolentes dos que progridem mais agressivamente. Estudos moleculares usando análises em larga escala, como hibridação genômica comparativa baseada em arrays (aCGH), permitem a identificação de vários genes candidatos a marcadores. Estudos prévios de nosso grupo usando hibridação aCGH em CaP demonstraram amplificação em 7q21.13, onde estão mapeados os genes STEAP1 e STEAP2 (sixtransmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 1 e 2). Esses genes apresentam expressão aumentada em diversas linhagens de células neoplásicas, incluindo as de próstata. No entanto, seu papel no desenvolvimento e progressão do CaP permanece desconhecido. Há evidências de que eles codificam antígenos tumorais com potencial para serem utilizados como marcadores prognósticos. O presente trabalho visou determinar o perfil de expressão dos genes STEAP1 e STEAP2 por RT-PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qRT-PCR) em adenocarcinomas primários de próstata, em amostras de tecido não-neoplásico adjacente aos tumores e em hiperplasias nodulares da próstata (HNP). Amostras de próstatas avaliadas histologicamente como normais foram obtidas de necropsias e usadas como controles. Os pacientes foram agrupados em três classes segundo o risco de recorrência do tumor (baixo, moderado e alto) de acordo com o PSA (antígeno prostático sérico), a graduação histológica e o estadiamento dos tumores. Foi observado aumento de expressão dos genes STEAP1 e STEAP2 em 28% e 38% das amostras, respectivamente; em três pacientes com alto risco de recorrência houve aumento simultâneo da expressão dos dois genes. A expressão...
Available prognostic markers as serum PSA levels, Gleason differentiation scores and tumor staging have not been able to discriminate indolent from aggressive tumors. Increased expressions of STEAP1 and STEAP2 genes (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 1 e 2) have been shown in neoplastic cell lineages from prostate, urinary bladder, ovary and other tumors. Previously, using comparative genomic hybridization based in arrays in prostate adenocarcinomas and their metastasis, we described genomic gains at the 7q21.13. In this region are mapped the STEAP1 and STEAP2 genes. The involvement of these genes in PCa development and progression remains to be clarified. These genes possibly express tumoral antigens and are putative molecular markers.The objective of the present study was to determine the gene expression profiles of the STEAP1 e STEAP2 genes by real time quantitative PCR in primary prostate adenocarcinomas, surrounding non-neoplastic tissues, and in nodular hyperplasia of the prostate. The results were associate with tumor pathologic characteristics and patients clinical features. Samples from histologically confirmed normal prostates obtained from necropsies were used as normal controls. According to potential risk for tumor recurrence (low, moderate and high risk) patients were classified in three groups depending on the serum PSA levels, Gleason scores, and tumor stages. Increased expression of STEAP1 e STEAP2 genes were registered in 28% and 38% of samples, respectively; both genes presented simultaneously increased expression level in three high-risk cases. Similar pattern of expression were detected in the majority of CaP (Spearman r=0,63; p<0,0001) and non-neoplastic surrounding tissue (Spearman r=0,78; p=0,0002) samples. Compared to the non-neoplastic surrounding tissues there was significant increase of STEAP1 gene expression in PCa samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ihlaseh, Shadia Muhammad. "Análise da expressão dos genes STEAP1 e STEAP2 em adenocarcinomas de próstata por RT-PCR quantitativa em tempo real /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95903.
Full textAbstract: Available prognostic markers as serum PSA levels, Gleason differentiation scores and tumor staging have not been able to discriminate indolent from aggressive tumors. Increased expressions of STEAP1 and STEAP2 genes (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 1 e 2) have been shown in neoplastic cell lineages from prostate, urinary bladder, ovary and other tumors. Previously, using comparative genomic hybridization based in arrays in prostate adenocarcinomas and their metastasis, we described genomic gains at the 7q21.13. In this region are mapped the STEAP1 and STEAP2 genes. The involvement of these genes in PCa development and progression remains to be clarified. These genes possibly express tumoral antigens and are putative molecular markers.The objective of the present study was to determine the gene expression profiles of the STEAP1 e STEAP2 genes by real time quantitative PCR in primary prostate adenocarcinomas, surrounding non-neoplastic tissues, and in nodular hyperplasia of the prostate. The results were associate with tumor pathologic characteristics and patients clinical features. Samples from histologically confirmed normal prostates obtained from necropsies were used as normal controls. According to potential risk for tumor recurrence (low, moderate and high risk) patients were classified in three groups depending on the serum PSA levels, Gleason scores, and tumor stages. Increased expression of STEAP1 e STEAP2 genes were registered in 28% and 38% of samples, respectively; both genes presented simultaneously increased expression level in three high-risk cases. Similar pattern of expression were detected in the majority of CaP (Spearman r=0,63; p<0,0001) and non-neoplastic surrounding tissue (Spearman r=0,78; p=0,0002) samples. Compared to the non-neoplastic surrounding tissues there was significant increase of STEAP1 gene expression in PCa samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: João Lauro Viana de Camargo
Coorientador: Silvia Regina Rogatto
Banca: Maria Inês Pardini
Banca: Luciano João Nesrallah
Mestre
Eiras, Fabio Cocchi da Silva. "Benefícios do padrão IEEE 802.11e para tráfego de tempo real em redes WLAN não estruturadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-01062009-175020/.
Full textThe use of wirelles networks in most various sectors has been growing drastically in past years Allied to the wireless networks use, the diversification of applications and services provided can be directly verified whether by home or corporate users. This alliance contributes significantly to the needs of technology development which offer the quality of service mechanisms, allowing satisfactory use of real-time applications like voice and video This paper studies the effects that coexistent voice and data traffic on a IEEE 802.11 standard wireless network cause in the network performance and, consequently, in the applications performance. To make this study a reality, it was necessary to run simulations of a wireless ad hoc topology network, with variations in the number of workstations and the quantity of generated traffic. The 802.11g and 802.11e standards were used in the simulations with the purpose of analyzing the performance of quality of service mechanisms and the benefits they create for the real-time transmissions in IEEE 802.11 standard wireless networks. It was verified that the IEEE 802.11e standard presents a perfomance gain for the real-time applications, but it has limitations that should be considered in wireless networks design.
Midena, Raquel Zanin. "Suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e protocolo de purificação de RNA para análise de expressão gênica de isolados clínicos de Fusobacterium nucleatum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25147/tde-26022016-143429/.
Full textFusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative bacterial species, strict anaerobic and one of the species often found in primary infection of the root canal system. This species has great importance in biofilm formation to be a union bridge between species which are not able to act alone. The constituent microorganisms of the biofilm exchange each tother genetic material, increasing the strength of them. It is almost impossible for a clinical isolate have genes totally equal to a standard strain, such as strains of culture collections like ATCC (American Type Culture Collection). The present study investigated anaerobic bacterial species Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from root canals, comparing them to the ATCC strain. The microbial in vitro susceptibility of biofilm and planktonic growth of the strains was compared by means of microbiological culture and the E-test method, with the antibiotics Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Clindamycin, Eritromycin and Metronidazole.. Also, a RNA Purification protocol for the strains under the same growth conditions was defined. Clinical isolates were obtained by microbiological samples of patients with teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis visible on radiographs. The species isolation and identification were performed using commercial biochemical tests (Sistema Api, Bio-Meriéux, France) and conventional PCR, obtaining four clinical isolates. The protocol for RNA purification was done with zirconia beads, bead beater device and commercial kit RNeasy (Qiagen) and transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). The quality of purification was tested for its ability of amplification by real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using primer for the gene 16s RNA specific for F. nucleatum. All tested trains were 100% susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, clindamycin and metronidazole. Both types of bacterial growth showed resistance to Erythromycin. Bacteria in biofilm showed a decrease in susceptibility to all antibiotics, but without statistical difference. The protocol proposed for the purification of RNA of F. nucleatum was effective, in the planktonic and the biofilm growth. The average yield of RNA samples for bacteria in planktonic growth was 514.2 ng /μL (SD ± 397.7) and the samples in biofilm was 377.1 ng / μL (SD ± 144.1). These found values suggest a good quality of RNA, free of protein contamination. The established protocol for the purification of the RNA of the Fusobacterium nucleatum strains, grown in biofilm and planktonic phase, had successfully amplified by qPCR.
Leão, Fábio Bertequini [UNESP]. "Metodologia para análise e interpretação de alarmes em tempo real de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100333.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste trabalho é proposta uma metodologia para a análise e interpretação de alarmes em tempo real em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica, considerando o diagnóstico em nível de subestações e redes. A metodologia busca superar as dificuldades e desvantagens dos métodos já propostos na literatura especializada para resolver o diagnóstico de faltas em sistemas de potência. O método proposto emprega um modelo matemático original bem como um novo algoritmo genético para efetuar o diagnóstico dos alarmes de maneira eficiente e rápida. O modelo matemático é dividido em duas partes fundamentais: (1) modelo de operação do sistema de proteção; e (2) modelo de Programação Binária Irrestrita (PBI). A parte (1) é composta por um conjunto de equações de estados esperados das funções de proteção dos relés do sistema, modeladas com base na lógica de operação de funções de proteção tais como sobrecorrente, diferencial e distância, bem como na filosofia de proteção de sistemas de potência. A parte (2) é estabelecida através de uma função objetivo formulada com base na teoria de cobertura parcimoniosa (parcimonious set covering theory), e busca a associação ou “match” entre os relatórios de alarmes informados pelo sistema SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) e os estados esperados das funções de proteção formuladas na parte (1) do modelo. O novo algoritmo genético proposto é empregado para minimizar o modelo de PBI e possui como característica a utilização de dois parâmetros de controle. O algoritmo possui taxas de recombinação e mutação automática e dinamicamente calibradas, baseadas na saturação da população corrente, possuindo uma imediata resposta à possível convergência prematura para ótimos locais. A metodologia desenvolvida para o diagnóstico...
This work proposes a methodology for the analysis and interpretation of real-time alarms in electric power distribution systems in the substation level and network level. The methodology seeks to overcome the difficulties and disadvantages of the methods already proposed in the literature to solve the fault diagnosis in power systems. The proposed method employs a novel mathematical model and a genetic algorithm to carry out the diagnosis of alarms efficiently and quickly. The model is divided into two main parts: (1) a protection system operation model; and (2) Unconstrained Binary Programming (UBP) model. Part (1) provides a set of expected state equations of the protective relay functions established based on the protection operation logic such as overcurrent, differential and distance as well as the protection philosophy. Part (2) is established through an objective function formulated based on parsimonious set covering theory for associating the alarms reported by SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system with the expected states of the protective relay functions. The novel genetic algorithm use only two control parameters and is employed to minimize the UBP model. In addition the algorithm has recombination and mutation rates automatically and dynamically calibrated based on the saturation of the current population and it presents an immediate response to possible premature convergence to local optima. The methodology developed for the diagnosis of substations is extended to distribution networks considering that the network has sufficient level of automation for remote monitoring of the primary feeders. In this way a new paradigm for protection of distribution networks developed based on Smart Grid concept is proposed. Extensive tests are performed with the methodology applied to distribution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Leão, Fábio Bertequini. "Metodologia para análise e interpretação de alarmes em tempo real de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100333.
Full textBanca: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro
Banca: Carlos Roberto Minussi
Banca: Oriane Magela Neto
Banca: Julio Cesar Stacchini de Souza
Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposta uma metodologia para a análise e interpretação de alarmes em tempo real em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica, considerando o diagnóstico em nível de subestações e redes. A metodologia busca superar as dificuldades e desvantagens dos métodos já propostos na literatura especializada para resolver o diagnóstico de faltas em sistemas de potência. O método proposto emprega um modelo matemático original bem como um novo algoritmo genético para efetuar o diagnóstico dos alarmes de maneira eficiente e rápida. O modelo matemático é dividido em duas partes fundamentais: (1) modelo de operação do sistema de proteção; e (2) modelo de Programação Binária Irrestrita (PBI). A parte (1) é composta por um conjunto de equações de estados esperados das funções de proteção dos relés do sistema, modeladas com base na lógica de operação de funções de proteção tais como sobrecorrente, diferencial e distância, bem como na filosofia de proteção de sistemas de potência. A parte (2) é estabelecida através de uma função objetivo formulada com base na teoria de cobertura parcimoniosa (parcimonious set covering theory), e busca a associação ou "match" entre os relatórios de alarmes informados pelo sistema SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) e os estados esperados das funções de proteção formuladas na parte (1) do modelo. O novo algoritmo genético proposto é empregado para minimizar o modelo de PBI e possui como característica a utilização de dois parâmetros de controle. O algoritmo possui taxas de recombinação e mutação automática e dinamicamente calibradas, baseadas na saturação da população corrente, possuindo uma imediata resposta à possível convergência prematura para ótimos locais. A metodologia desenvolvida para o diagnóstico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work proposes a methodology for the analysis and interpretation of real-time alarms in electric power distribution systems in the substation level and network level. The methodology seeks to overcome the difficulties and disadvantages of the methods already proposed in the literature to solve the fault diagnosis in power systems. The proposed method employs a novel mathematical model and a genetic algorithm to carry out the diagnosis of alarms efficiently and quickly. The model is divided into two main parts: (1) a protection system operation model; and (2) Unconstrained Binary Programming (UBP) model. Part (1) provides a set of expected state equations of the protective relay functions established based on the protection operation logic such as overcurrent, differential and distance as well as the protection philosophy. Part (2) is established through an objective function formulated based on parsimonious set covering theory for associating the alarms reported by SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system with the expected states of the protective relay functions. The novel genetic algorithm use only two control parameters and is employed to minimize the UBP model. In addition the algorithm has recombination and mutation rates automatically and dynamically calibrated based on the saturation of the current population and it presents an immediate response to possible premature convergence to local optima. The methodology developed for the diagnosis of substations is extended to distribution networks considering that the network has sufficient level of automation for remote monitoring of the primary feeders. In this way a new paradigm for protection of distribution networks developed based on Smart Grid concept is proposed. Extensive tests are performed with the methodology applied to distribution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Biazuzo, Milena Moura de Araujo. "Análise da expressão diferencial de genes relacionados à tolerância ao déficit hídrico em feijoeiro comum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-03092013-141700/.
Full textBrazil is the largest producer of common beans, with average annual production of 3.5 million tonnes; however, one of the biggest problems faced by this crop is drought, which leads to a considerable reduction in their yield. Thus, the identification of genes that control the defense mechanisms and adaptation of common bean to drought during its development is very useful. Drought tolerance is a multigenic character, so genotypes with different degrees of water deficit tolerance exhibit differential gene expression, with activation and/or repression of certain genes. Therefore, this study aimed to: (i) identify differentially expressed genes in two common bean genotypes, one tolerant (BAT 477) and other susceptible (IAC-Carioca 80SH) to drought, (ii) verify the spatial (root, stem and leaves) and temporal (five increasing levels of water deficit - 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 120 h of stress exposition) gene expression by RTqPCR (iii) predict the genes function, based on Arabidopsis thaliana orthologous genes, using available data in the public microarray platform Genevestigator. To achieve these objectives, an experiment was conducted in a green house, being induced water deficit, by withholding water when the plants reached growth stage R5, maintaining adequate water supply under the control plants. To isolate transcripts differentially expressed between the two genotypes under drought was used the cDNA-AFLP technique, which coupled with sequencing enabled the identification and annotation of 45 transcripts, 21 exclusively expressed in the tolerant genotype and 24 in the susceptible one. Among the transcripts identified in the tolerant genotype, may be listed at least 11, with potential to be used in genetic transformation (chlorophyll A-B binding protein, HSP40, HSP70, glycosyl hydrolase, serine/threonine protein kinase, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, E3 ubiquitin ligase, fructose biphosphate aldolase, mediator complex subunit 13, aquaporin nodulin MTN-3-related and TCP transcription factor), and in the susceptible genotype, can be listed nine (coatomer protein complex, monoamine-oxidase A repressor R1, synaptobrevin, haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase, ADP-ribosylation factor, mTERF, serine protease S1C HtrA-related, legume lectin and SWI/SNF-related chromatin binding). In the spatial and temporal gene expression analysis, the transcripts that stood out for use in genetic transformation future studies were: aquaporin nodulin MTN3, E3 ubiquitin ligase, serine/threonine protein kinase, glycosyl hydrolase and HSP 70 protein, since it had an expression quite pronounced in the tolerant genotype. Through the in silico analysis, based on orthologous genes of A. thaliana, was discovered processes and metabolic pathways that may be involved in the common bean response to drought. In addition, we identified genes associated with drought tolerance, corroborating the experimental data. Thus, the present results provide the necessary understanding to develop molecular tools (markers for differentially regulated genes) to be used in breeding programs, as well as basic genetic information in the common bean functional genome annotation and also to use these candidate genes for genetic transformation to obtain drought-tolerant plants.
Mozol, Ivan Miletovic. "Análise temporal da expressão gênica e atividade enzimática, relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo e proteômica de Eucalyptus grandis inoculados com Puccinia psidii." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-13112013-151232/.
Full textThe eucalyptus planted forest represents the major percentage among all planted forests in Brazil, mainly for the production of paper and cellulose. However, during its development, the eucalyptus can be attacked by a large number of different pathogens, like the fungus Puccinia psidii, the causer of the eucalyptus rust, main disease that affects the eucalyptus in tropical regions. Thus, in order to study some plant defense mechanisms against the infection of the fungus, this study aimed to analyse the gene expression of some enzymes related to oxidative stress and their activities, and the proteome of resistant and susceptible eucalyptus clones, during the process of infection, colonization and multiplication of the fungus in the plant. We could observe differences in the gene expression at all times studied, mostly at 24 hours after inoculation with the fungus. Besides, with the proteome analysis we could find the very relevant proteins for this study, for instance some proteins related to the oxidative stress and to the plant defense response.
Winkelstroter, Lizziane Kretli. "Quantificação e análise de viabilidade de Listeria monocytogenes em biofilmes por semeadura em placa, microscopia de fluorescência e ensaios preliminares de PCR em tempo real." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-19022009-131003/.
Full textBiofilm formation is of great concern for food industry because it may compromise sanitization of surfaces and increase contamination risk of processed foods by bacterial pathogens. L. monocytogenes is an ubiquitous bacterium which is able to form biofilms and to survive for long periods under adverse conditions. L. monocytogenes may cause disease in immunocomprommised people and pregnant women, manifesting as central nervous system infections, abortion and premature birth. Some bacteria can undergo transition to viable but non-cultivable state in response to stress and it is important to study techniques for rapid quantification of viable cells of L. monocytogenes in foods. In this study biofilm formation and cell viability of Listeria monocytogenes were studied in stress conditions by plate counting, direct quantification by fluorescence microscopy with double staining dyes 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC)/4\'-6 diamino-2 phenylindole (DAPI). Preliminary experiments with real time polymerase chain reaction and treatment with ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) were also performed. The results showed that plate count method was suitable for enumeration only of viable cells of L. monocytogenes in biofilms since, fluorescence microscopy with CTC-DAPI yielded higher counts, probably due to the presence of viable but nonculturable cells. It was also observed that the presence of bacteriocins of L. sakei 1 and L. mensenteroides 11 decreased viability and formation of biofilm by L. monocytogenes. Results obtained with pure cultures of L. monocytogenes showed that the treatment with ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) before real time PCR detection, reduced DNA amplification of dead cells in 1 log CFU per mL, but depending on the concentration used, EMA also inhibited amplification of viable cells of L. monocytogenes. The results indicated that plate counting and fluorescence microscopy are equivalent for enumeration of non-stressed L. monocytogenes cells. However, the use of double staining with fluorescence microscopy is a more suitable method if stressed cells are present. The EMA-real time PCR is a promissing tool for rapid evaluation of viable L. monocytogenes, but it needs further standartization.
Nakatani, Sueli Massumi. "Genotipagem do vírus da hepatite C por PCR em tempo real com base na análise da região NS5B." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-30012009-162159/.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is the most significant predictor of response to antiviral therapy. Depending on the infecting HCV genotyping different antiviral regimens have been proposed as well as the length of different treatment. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new real time PCR of HCV genotyping based in NS5B region. This region has sequencing heterogeneity and can accurately identify both type and subtype of HCV. Furthermore, we compared the real time PCR with LiPA and sequencing of NS5B region. We developed a new one-step modified method in triplex reaction where we identified in two sets genotypes (1a, 1b, 3a) and (2a, 2b, 2c). Results obtained by real time PCR agreed 100% with those obtained by NS5B sequencing when excluded samples with mixed of HCV genotypes identified by real time PCR genotyping and in NS5B sequencing all samples were classified only as only one genotype. We found a good concordance for the analysis of genotype concordance between genotyping by real time and sequencing of NS5B region through the coefficient kappa (k= 0,6222; p=0,0020). The method developed detected 97,93% (190/194) of genotype 1, 86,11% (31/36) of genotype 2 and 100% (80/80) of genotype 3, with the overall sensitivity of this new method being 97%. Among 310 samples only two samples had discordant results at type level when comparing real time PCR and LiPA. However, 26,24% (79/301) had discordant results at subtype level when comparing LiPA and real time PCR genotyping of HCV. In order to measure the analytical sensitivity of the real time assay, one member of the panel OptiQuant HCV RNA was diluted. The relative sensitivity was determined by analysis the clinical specimens based upon the initial HCV RNA concentration determined by Cobas Amplicor. The lower limit of detection was estimated to be 125 IU/ml for genotype 3a, 250 IU/ml for genotype 1b and 2b, and 500 IU/ml for genotype 1a. Finally, the cost of each reaction are about R$ 58,00 nine fold lower than the commercial method available in Brazil. Manipulation time of real time PCR genotyping is about 2 hours, in comparison to LiPA that requires about 16 hours due to various hybridization steps and washing. This study was demonstrated an efficient method of identification in a accurate way. HCV genotyping which is important to understand the role of genotypes and subtypes, as well as of genomic variability in the natural history of HCV infection.
Morales, Aguida Maria Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Análise da expressão de genes relacionados à resistência a Meloidogyne javanica em soja, através da técnica de PCR em tempo real." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92680.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a expressão de genes de soja envolvidos na resistência ao nematóide de galhas, Meloidogyne javanica, utilizando a técnica de PCR em tempo real (RT-PCR). Foram avaliadas raízes de soja inoculadas e não inoculadas com o nematóide. Linhagens de soja resistentes (genótipo PI595099) e suscetíveis (cultivar BRS133) e indivíduos resultantes deste cruzamento foram inoculados com juvenis do nematóide. Raízes foram coletadas após um, três e seis dias de inoculação. O RNA total foi extraído e em seguida foi feita a síntese de cDNA, para ser utilizado nas reações de PCR em tempo real. As reações para quantificação do nível de expressão relativa foram preparadas em triplicatas, e um controle endógeno, o gene RNAr 18S também foi incluído. Os resultados mostraram que comparando os indivíduos resistentes com os suscetíveis, os resistentes apresentaram maior expressão dos genes, Chs, Xet, Hs1pro-1, Sth-2.
This work objective was to analyze the expression of soybean genes involved in the resistance to the root nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, using the Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) technique. Soybean roots inoculated and not inoculated with the nematode were evaluated. Resistant soybean lineages (genotype PI595099) and susceptible lineages (cultivate BRS133) and resulting individuals of this crossing were inoculated with juvenile of the nematode. Roots were collected after one, three and six days after inoculation. The Total RNA was extracted and, afterwards cDNA synthesis was made, to be used in the reactions of Real Time PCR. The reactions for quantification relative expression level were prepared in triplicate, and an endogenous control, gene rRNA 18S, was also included. The results showed that comparing the resistant individuals with the susceptible ones, resistants showed higher expression level of the genes, Chs, Xet, Hs1pro-1, Sth-2.
Morales, Aguida Maria Rodrigues. "Análise da expressão de genes relacionados à resistência a Meloidogyne javanica em soja, através da técnica de PCR em tempo real /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92680.
Full textCoorientador: Alexandre Lima Nepomuceno
Banca: Jaime Maia dos Santos
Banca: Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a expressão de genes de soja envolvidos na resistência ao nematóide de galhas, Meloidogyne javanica, utilizando a técnica de PCR em tempo real (RT-PCR). Foram avaliadas raízes de soja inoculadas e não inoculadas com o nematóide. Linhagens de soja resistentes (genótipo PI595099) e suscetíveis (cultivar BRS133) e indivíduos resultantes deste cruzamento foram inoculados com juvenis do nematóide. Raízes foram coletadas após um, três e seis dias de inoculação. O RNA total foi extraído e em seguida foi feita a síntese de cDNA, para ser utilizado nas reações de PCR em tempo real. As reações para quantificação do nível de expressão relativa foram preparadas em triplicatas, e um controle endógeno, o gene RNAr 18S também foi incluído. Os resultados mostraram que comparando os indivíduos resistentes com os suscetíveis, os resistentes apresentaram maior expressão dos genes, Chs, Xet, Hs1pro-1, Sth-2.
Abstract: This work objective was to analyze the expression of soybean genes involved in the resistance to the root nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, using the Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) technique. Soybean roots inoculated and not inoculated with the nematode were evaluated. Resistant soybean lineages (genotype PI595099) and susceptible lineages (cultivate BRS133) and resulting individuals of this crossing were inoculated with juvenile of the nematode. Roots were collected after one, three and six days after inoculation. The Total RNA was extracted and, afterwards cDNA synthesis was made, to be used in the reactions of Real Time PCR. The reactions for quantification relative expression level were prepared in triplicate, and an endogenous control, gene rRNA 18S, was also included. The results showed that comparing the resistant individuals with the susceptible ones, resistants showed higher expression level of the genes, Chs, Xet, Hs1pro-1, Sth-2.
Mestre
Meola, Juliana. "Análise da Expressão Gênica Diferencial em Endometriose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-11062008-103704/.
Full textEndometriosis is a benign gynecological disease, which presents a multifactorial and complex etiology, characterized by the presence of stromal and glandular endometrium tissue outside the uterine cavity. Ten to 15% of the female population is affected by the disease with a wideranging symptomatology including pelvic pain and infertility. To clarify the potential mechanisms involved in the complex physiopathology of this disease, we analyzed the differential gene expression profile by subtractive hybridization in eutopic and ectopic tissue (peritoneal lesions and ovarian endometriomas) from 17 women with endometriosis, in the early proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. We identified 291 genes deregulated in the endometriotic lesions, considered as candidate genes. For data validation, Real Time PCR was applied for genes CTGF and SPARC, indicated as overexpressed; and for genes MYC, MMP3, IGFBP1 and PAEP, indicated as downregulated in the lesions. Significant differences in the peritoneal lesions expression were obtained for genes SPARC, MYC, IGFBP1, PAEP and in the ovarian endometriomas for genes MMP3 and PAEP. We suggest that the deregulation of genes SPARC, MYC, MMP3, IGFBPI and PAEP is responsible for loss of cellular homeostasis in the endometriotic lesions, contributing for the implantation and maintenance of the ectopic tissue in the extra-uterine environment. This study provided 291 genes with differential gene expression, in peritoneal and ovarian lesions, to the literature database as candidates for future investigations.
Nicodemos, Fernando Garcia. "Análise de características temporais de sistemas operacionais de tempo real para aplicações espaciais utilizando métodos minimamente intrusivos." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2013. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2870.
Full textSilva, Karla Kristine Dames da. "Análise em tempo real da impedância do sistema respiratório e da mobilidade toracoabdominal em portadores de DPOC com obstrução brônquica acentuada." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10036.
Full textIntroduction: COPD is carachterized by airflow limitation associated abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. The mechanical alterations associated with COPD have been related with dysfunction of the diaphragm, observed since the initial phases of the disease. Several studies have confirmed the high potential of FOT in the assessment of the mechanics modifications related to COPD. However, such studies did not allow a real-time analysis of the changes in the respiratory system, and the thoracoabdominal mobility of these individuals. Thus, the goals of the present study were to analyze, in real-time, the impedance alterations of the respiratory system in different phases of the respiratory cycle of COPD patients. Methodology: This research consists of a controlled observational study where 48 individuals were analyzed, 23 controls and 25 individuals with COPD and severe airway obstruction. Firstly, they performed simultaneous analysis of impedance of the respiratory system and thoracoabdominal motion. In subsequent examinations, these subjects were submitted to spirometry. Results: The results demonstrated an increase of the respiratory system impedance in individuals with COPD compared with the control group in all of the studied parameters (Zt, Zi, Ze, Zii, Zie, ΔZrs e Zpp) (p<0.0001). Considering the different phases of the respiratory cycle, higher impedances were observed in the inspiratory phase (p<0.004). Only 10% of individuals with COPD showed thoracoabdominal asynchrony (φ≥ 45), and the mean values showed no statistical difference when compared to the control group. Discussions: The total impedance of the respiratory system increased in individuals with COPD, which describes the increase of the mechanic load of the respiratory system in these individuals. These alterations are coherent with the physiopathology of COPD, associated with airflow obstruction and lung parenchyma destruction. The increase of the impedance in the inspiratory phase suggests an increase of the resistive and elastic work. There were not signals of thoracoabdominal asynchrony in the major part of the studied individuals, suggesting that some adaptation mechanisms act to compensate respiratory muscle fatigue. Conclusion: The COPD results in the increase of the mechanic load of the respiratory system. These alterations were identified by the increase of the respiratory system impedance, which was more evidence in the inspiratory phase. The thoracoabdominal asynchrony was not usual in individuals with COPD. Those results are consistent with previously published data and physiopathological fundamentals, confirming the potential of monofrequency FOT in the assessment of the modifications related to COPD.
Fischer, Benedito René. "Análise de processadores para aplicação em tempo real do método do gradiente conjugado no controle ótimo de processos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-13042015-172158/.
Full textThe conjugate gradient method, one of the techniques of unconstrained optimization of Mathematical Programming, normally is employed in the solutions of optimal control problems. The conjugate gradient method has as main advantages over other methods a relatively fast convergence and minimal use of memory. The method has one limitation. It can only be computed for problems with fixed final time. In this work, a generalization of the conjugate gradient method is proposed, allowing extending the applications of the method to the solutions of problems of optimal real time control. Using simulations, a correlation was determined between the dominant time constant of the system and the best operation time interval for the method. An original algorithm was proposed for optimal control with final free time and also the conditions for the processor\'s speed were established, so that the algorithm can be employed in real time. Processing speed, low cost of equipment and small physical dimensions are fundamental for real time control. In this manner, a performance analysis is made of the several processors, with emphasis on architectures of the 80x86. In order to get faster processing, three implementations of parallel architectures were analyzed, using transporters, computer networks and an architecture where each processor shares a segment of memory with the other
MEDEIROS, Arthur Henrique Perini de. "Análise de desempenho da proteção de motores de Indução de Média Tensão utilizando simulação digital em tempo real." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2015. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/171.
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Este trabalho de dissertação teve como objetivos: (i) avaliar e validar os ajustes propostos pelo estudo de proteção existente de um motor de indução de disfibrador de cana com potência de 3.500 c.v, através da realização de testes Hardware-in-the-Loop, utilizando o Simulador Digital em Tempo Real (RTDS), (ii) investigar possíveis melhorias nos ajustes da proteção do motor do desfibrador, (iii) trazer para o âmbito dos sistemas industriais a utilização do RTDS. O caso teste utilizado consiste de um sistema industrial de produção de açúcar e álcool, com carga instalada de 12 MW e cogeração de energia com o reaproveitamento do bagaço da cana. A produção de energia elétrica é realizada através de dois turbogeradores, um movido à vapor de contrapressão de15 MW e outro de condensação com extração de 25 MW. Foram simuladas faltas internas e externas à zona de proteção do motor, considerando dois conjuntos de ajustes no relé SEL 710: o primeiro corresponde aos ajustes atuais implantados em campo e o segundo, corresponde aos ajustes propostos neste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os ajustes propostos representam um ganho significativo nos tempos de atuação da proteção, sobretudo das funções subtensão (27), desequilíbrio de corrente (51Q e 46) e rotor travado (50 LJ).