Dissertations / Theses: 'Analisi economica alternativa'

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Gargiani, Andrea. "Analisi tecnico - economica della gestione dei rifiuti: il caso L-3 Calzoni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Questo progetto di tesi è stato realizzato in collaborazione con la Calzoni S.r.l. di Calderara di Reno. L’azienda da qualche anno sta implementando nuove pratiche volte al rispetto dell’ambiente, le quali sono direttamente collegate all’analisi ambientale, strumento previsto dalla norma UNI EN ISO 14001. Il lavoro di tesi si colloca proprio all’interno di questa tematica risultando essere di particolare interesse e di importanza strategica. Gli obiettivi sono stati di vario genere ma con un unico filo conduttore, ovvero la gestione dei rifiuti. La prima fase prevede un’analisi completa dell’attuale gestione dei rifiuti, mentre il passo successivo è stato quello di cercare di migliorare il processo attuale andando a valutare possibili scenari alternativi. La corretta gestione dei rifiuti deve essere uno dei punti di forza di un’azienda che vuole impegnarsi nei confronti della protezione dell’ambiente e della prevenzione dell’inquinamento.

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Aprigliano, Gian Maria. "Analisi di scenari di riduzione delle plastiche monouso in Italia." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19772/.

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La Commissione europea ha approvato una nuova direttiva 940/2019/UE, che implementerà le restrizioni sull’uso di plastiche monouso (SUP). Tale analisi comprende una mappatura redatta da Legambiente (“Beach litter – indagine sui rifiuti nelle spiagge italiane 2019 – 2018 - 2017”), sui rifiuti monitorati sul litorale italiano. Partendo da tale analisi, sono state considerate solamente le plastiche messe al bando dalla direttiva europea, inoltre per stimare il quantitativo di plastica monouso, ove non erano presenti dati specifici in letteratura, sono state applicate le seguenti ipotesi: utilizzo di almeno un prodotto in plastica monouso per 365 giorni l’anno per ogni abitante, il numero di abitanti è approssimato in Italia a 60 milioni. Questo studio prendendo come modello quello sviluppato dall’ Agenzia Norvegese (The Norwegian Environment Agency, “Reduced Littering of Single–Use Plastics / Mapping and analysis of Potential Measures to Reduce the Littering of Certain Single-Use Plastic Products”), comprende una mappatura di 11 plastiche monouso, e sviluppa un’analisi per valutare se una transizione a materiali alternativi e multiuso alla plastica monouso, può contribuire alla riduzione dei rifiuti marini e alla riduzione dell’impatto ambientale. L’analisi si basa sul consumo di oggi di plastica monouso, e alla quantità di rifiuti prodotti in relazione ai due scenari si seguito descritti: 1) Una transizione completa per prodotti monouso non plastici (SUNP) 2) Una transizione completa agli elementi multiuso (MU). Questo approccio stabilisce gli impatti ambientali, economici e sociali di misure che possono essere utilizzate per favorire il passaggio a prodotti in materiali alternativi alla plastica monouso, e affrontare in tal modo il problema ambientale legato al quantitativo di materiale plastico monouso presente nel nostro territorio e nei mari.

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Almeida, Iana Ferrão de. "Composicao da divida publica brasileira e a crise de 2002: uma analise contrafactual de estrategias alternativas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/1613.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma decomposição da dinâmica da dívida e verificar quais foram os fatores que mais contribuíram para o crescimento da relação da Dívida/PIB no início dessa década. Primeiramente foi feita uma decomposição básica da dívida de onde se verificou que o pagamento de juros reais sobre a dívida interna foi o grande responsável pela elevação da razão Dívida/PIB. Posteriormente, foi feita uma decomposição mais detalhada da dinâmica da dívida, desagregando a dívida interna por indexador. Observou-se que o pagamento de juros reais sobre a dívida cambial foi o grande responsável pela trajetória crescente da dívida nesse período, principalmente em 2002 quando houve acentuada depreciação do câmbio. A seguir, foram feitos alguns exercícios contrafactuais para analisar qual teria sido a dinâmica da dívida em diferentes cenários.

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Nepomuceno, Rafael Carlos. "InclusÃo da quirera de arroz em raÃÃes de suÃnos na fase de creche." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5907.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Foram utilizados 30 leitÃes fÃmeas e machos castrados, de linhagem comercial, desmamados com mÃdia de 21 dias de idade e com mÃdia de 6,65 kg de peso vivo, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes nÃveis inclusÃo de quirera de arroz sobre o desempenho zootÃcnico, freqÃÃncia de diarrÃia, bem como a viabilidade econÃmica, em leitÃes na fase de creche I (21 a 42 dias de idade), fase de creche II (43 a 63 dias de idade) e no perÃodo total (21 a 63 dias de idade). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (nÃveis de inclusÃo de quirera de arroz: 0,0; 14,0; 28,0; 42,0 e 56,0%), e 6 repetiÃÃes por tratamento, sendo a unidade experimental constituÃda por um animal. O critÃrio usado para formaÃÃo dos blocos foi o peso inicial dos animais. De acordo com a anÃlise de regressÃo, nÃo foram observados efeitos significativos entre os nÃveis de inclusÃo da quirera de arroz nas raÃÃes em nenhuma das variÃveis de desempenho zootÃcnico, assim como, nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre o tratamento controle e os tratamentos que receberam a inclusÃo da quirera de arroz quando comparados pelo teste de Dunnett (5%). Os resultados das observaÃÃes da frequÃncia de diarrÃia indicaram que a inclusÃo da quirera de arroz nÃo proporcionou alteraÃÃes na incidÃncia de diarrÃia nos animais. Segundo o estudo econÃmico realizado a inclusÃo da quirera de arroz mostrou-se viÃvel atÃ o nÃvel de 56,0%. Portanto, pode se concluir que a utilizaÃÃo da quirera de arroz em raÃÃes de suÃnos na fase de creche foi tecnicamente e economicamente viÃvel atÃ o nÃvel de 56,0% de inclusÃo.
It was used 30 piglets, castrated male and female, of commercial lineage, weaned at 21 days of age and with average live weight of 6.65 kg, with the objective to evaluating the effect of the inclusion of different levels of broken rice on the frequency of diarrhea, productive performance, how so the economic viability of piglets in the nursery phase I (21 to 42 days of age), nursery phase II (43 to 63 days of age), and total period (21 to 63 days of age), how so the economic viability. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks randomized, with 5 treatments (inclusion levels of broken rice: 0,0; 14,0; 28,0; 42,0 and 56,0%) and 6 replicates per treatment, being the experimental unit (part) consists of an animal. The criterion used for block formation was the initial weight of piglets. According to regression analysis, were not observed significant effects between the levels of inclusion of broken rice in diets in any of the variables of zootechnical performance, as well as, there were not significant difference between control treatment and treatments with the inclusion levels of broken rice when compared by Dunnett test (5%). The results of observations of the frequency of diarrhea indicated that the inclusion of broken rice provided no changes in the incidence of diarrhea in animals. According to the economic study the inclusion of broken rice proved viable until the level of 56.0%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of broken rice in diets of pigs in the nursery phase was technically and economically viable until the level of 56,0% for inclusion

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Gomes, Thalles Ribeiro. "InclusÃo de farelo de arroz integral em raÃÃes para leitÃes na fase inicial." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5941.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusÃo do farelo de arroz integral (FAI) em raÃÃes para leitÃes na fase inicial. No experimento I foram avaliados o desempenho zootÃcnico, a ocorrÃncia de diarrÃia, bem como a viabilidade econÃmica. Utilizou-se 60 leitÃes fÃmeas e machos castrados, dos 21 aos 42 dias de idade, com peso inicial mÃdio de 5,4 Â 1,44 kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco nÃveis de inclusÃo de FAI (0,0; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0 e 20,0%) e com seis repetiÃÃes por tratamento, sendo que a unidade experimental (parcela) foi constituÃda por 2 animais. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de raÃÃo mÃdio diÃrio (CRMD), ganho de peso mÃdio diÃrio (GPMD), conversÃo alimentar (CA) e a ocorrÃncia de diarrÃia, nÃo diferiram significativamente (P>0,05) para os diferentes nÃveis de inclusÃo de FAI. A anÃlise econÃmica mostrou a viabilidade da inclusÃo de FAI atÃ o nÃvel de 20,0%. No experimento II foram avaliados o desempenho zootÃcnico, formas de arraÃoamento, bem como a viabilidade econÃmica. Foram utilizados 64 leitÃes fÃmeas e machos castrados, dos 43 aos 67 dias de idade, com peso inicial mÃdio de 10,73 Â 1,85 kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, quatro nÃveis de inclusÃo de farelo de arroz integral (0,0; 10,0; 20,0 e 30,0%) e duas formas de arraÃoamento (raÃÃo seca e raÃÃo Ãmida), com quatro repetiÃÃes por tratamento, sendo a unidade experimental constituÃda por 2 animais (parcela). Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de raÃÃo mÃdio diÃrio (CRMD), ganho de peso mÃdio diÃrio (GPMD) e conversÃo alimentar (CA) nÃo diferiram significativamente (P>0,05) para os diferentes nÃveis de inclusÃo de FAI. A anÃlise econÃmica mostrou que a inclusÃo de 30,0% de FAI apresentou a melhor resposta econÃmica. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de farelo de arroz integral Ã viÃvel atÃ o nÃvel de 20,0% nas raÃÃes de leitÃes no perÃodo de 21 a 42 dias e atÃ o nÃvel de 30,0% no perÃodo de 43 a 67 dias da fase inicial, independente da forma de arraÃoamento.
Two experiments were led, with the objective of evaluating the effects of the inclusion of whole rice meal (WRM) in rations for piglets in the day care phase. In the 1st experiment, they were appraised the performance, the diarrhea incidence, as well as the economical viability. Were used 60 piglets, female and male castrated, of the 21 to the 42 days of age, with initial weight of 5.4 Â 1.44 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized design with five levels of inclusion of WRM (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0%) and six replicates per treatment, and the experimental unit (parcel) it was incorporated by two animals. The results showed that the daily mean feed intake (DMFI), daily mean weight gain (DMWG), the feed conversion (FC) and diarrhea incidence did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) for the different levels of inclusion of WRM. The economic analysis shows the viability the inclusion of until 20.0% of WRM. In the 2nd experiment they were appraised the feeding forms on the performance, as well as the economical viability. Were used 64 piglets, female and male castrated, of the 43 to the 67 days of age, with initial weight of 10.73 Â 1.85 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4 x 2, four levels of inclusion of WRM (0.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0%) and two feeding forms (ration dry and wet ration), with four replicates per treatment, the experimental unit consisted of two animals (parcel). The results showed that the daily mean feed intake (DMFI), daily mean weight gain (DMWG) and the feed conversion (FC) did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) for the different levels of inclusion of WRM. The economic analysis showed that the inclusion of 30.0% of WRM showed the best economic answer. It was ended that the supply of whole rice meal is viable until the level of 20.0% in the diets of pigs in the period initial I and until the level of 30.0% in the initial period II of the day care phase, independent in the feeding forms.

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Ribeiro, Juliana Constantino. "UtilizaÃÃo do farelo de coco em dietas para leitÃes na creche." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4410.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo Ã Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Utilizou-se 32 leitÃes machos castrados e fÃmeas, de linhagem comercial, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade e com mÃdia de peso vivo de 6,2 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes nÃveis (0,0; 7,0; 14,0; 21,0%) de inclusÃo de farelo de coco (FC) e formas de arraÃoamento sobre o desempenho zootÃcnico de leitÃes na fase inicial I (21 aos 42 dias de idade) e fase inicial II (43 aos 63 dias de idade) e o perÃodo total (21 aos 63 dias de idade), bem como sua viabilidade econÃmica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4x2 (quatro nÃveis de inclusÃo de FC e duas formas de arraÃoamento - dietas secas e Ãmidas) com quatro repetiÃÃes por tratamento e um animal por parcela. O critÃrio para formaÃÃo dos blocos foi o peso inicial dos leitÃes. Os resultados mostraram que para a fase inicial I e perÃodo total, o ganho de peso mÃdio diÃrio (GPMD), consumo de raÃÃo mÃdio diÃrio (CRMD) e conversÃo alimentar (CA) nÃo diferiram significativamente (P>0,05) para os diferentes nÃveis de inclusÃo de FC e formas de arraÃoamento. Para a fase inicial II, o GPMD e CRMD nÃo diferiram significativamente (P>0,05), porÃm a CA foi significativa (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de farelo de coco Ã tecnicamente viÃvel atÃ o nÃvel de 21,0% nas dietas de leitÃes no perÃodo de creche, independente da forma de arraÃoamento, e que a melhor resposta econÃmica foi com o nÃvel de 21,0% de FC
It was used 32 piglets, castrated male and female, of commercial lineage, weaned at 21 days of age and with average live weight of 6.2 kg, with the objective to evaluating the effect of the inclusion of different levels (0,0; 7,0; 14,0 ; 21,0%) of coconut meal (CM) and feeding forms on the performance of piglets in the initial phase I (21 to 42 days of age), initial phase II (43 to 63 days of age), and total period (21 to 63 days of age), how so your economic viability. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks with scheme factorial 4x2 (four levels of inclusion of CM and two feed forms - dry and wet diets) with four replicates by treatment and one animal for part. The criterion used for block formation was the initial weight of piglets. The results showed that for the initial phase I and total period, the daily mean weight gain (DMWG), daily mean feed intake (DMFI) and the feed conversion (FC) did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) by inclusion of different levels of CM and feeding forms. For the initial phase II, the DNWG and DMFI did not differ significantly (P>0,05), but the CA was significant (P<0,05). It was concluded that the supply of coconut meal is viable technically up to 21,0% in the diets of piglets in the period nursery, independent of the feeding forms, and that the best economic response was obtained with the level of inclusion of 21,0% of CM

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Ribeiro, Juliana Constantino. "Utilização do farelo de coco em dietas para leitões na creche." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18780.

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RIBEIRO, Juliana Constantino. Utilização do farelo de coco em dietas para leitões na creche. 2009. 84 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009
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It was used 32 piglets, castrated male and female, of commercial lineage, weaned at 21 days of age and with average live weight of 6.2 kg, with the objective to evaluating the effect of the inclusion of different levels (0,0; 7,0; 14,0 ; 21,0%) of coconut meal (CM) and feeding forms on the performance of piglets in the initial phase I (21 to 42 days of age), initial phase II (43 to 63 days of age), and total period (21 to 63 days of age), how so your economic viability. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks with scheme factorial 4x2 (four levels of inclusion of CM and two feed forms - dry and wet diets) with four replicates by treatment and one animal for part. The criterion used for block formation was the initial weight of piglets. The results showed that for the initial phase I and total period, the daily mean weight gain (DMWG), daily mean feed intake (DMFI) and the feed conversion (FC) did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) by inclusion of different levels of CM and feeding forms. For the initial phase II, the DNWG and DMFI did not differ significantly (P>0,05), but the CA was significant (P<0,05). It was concluded that the supply of coconut meal is viable technically up to 21,0% in the diets of piglets in the period nursery, independent of the feeding forms, and that the best economic response was obtained with the level of inclusion of 21,0% of CM
Utilizou-se 32 leitões machos castrados e fêmeas, de linhagem comercial, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade e com média de peso vivo de 6,2 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis (0,0; 7,0; 14,0; 21,0%) de inclusão de farelo de coco (FC) e formas de arraçoamento sobre o desempenho zootécnico de leitões na fase inicial I (21 aos 42 dias de idade) e fase inicial II (43 aos 63 dias de idade) e o período total (21 aos 63 dias de idade), bem como sua viabilidade econômica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4x2 (quatro níveis de inclusão de FC e duas formas de arraçoamento - dietas secas e úmidas) com quatro repetições por tratamento e um animal por parcela. O critério para formação dos blocos foi o peso inicial dos leitões. Os resultados mostraram que para a fase inicial I e período total, o ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD), consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD) e conversão alimentar (CA) não diferiram significativamente (P>0,05) para os diferentes níveis de inclusão de FC e formas de arraçoamento. Para a fase inicial II, o GPMD e CRMD não diferiram significativamente (P>0,05), porém a CA foi significativa (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de farelo de coco é tecnicamente viável até o nível de 21,0% nas dietas de leitões no período de creche, independente da forma de arraçoamento, e que a melhor resposta econômica foi com o nível de 21,0% de FC

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Kaul, Sapna. "Exploring Alternative Methodologies for Robust Inferences: Applications in Environmental and Health Economics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23925.

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Researchers often invoke strong assumptions in empirical analyses to identify significant statistical outcomes. Invoking assumptions that do not sufficiently reflect the occurrence of true phenomenon reduces the credibility of inferences. Literature suggests that the potential effects of assumptions on credibility of inferences can be mitigated by comparing and combining insights from alternative econometric models. I use this recommendation to conduct robustness checks of commonly used methods in environmental and health economics. The first chapter proposes a novel nonparametric regression model to draw credible insights from meta-analyses. Existing literature on benefit-transfer validity is examined as an application. Nonparametric regression is found to be a viable approach for drawing robust policy insights. The second chapter proposes an alternative structural and simulations based framework to understand elicitation effects in survey response data. This analysis explains the structural mechanisms in which response anomalies occur and is important for building credible insights from survey data. The last chapter uses methods in program evaluation to investigate the impacts of institutional child deliveries on long-term maternal health in the context of developing countries. The outcomes of this analysis indicate that institutional deliveries positively affect maternal health in lower socio-economic states. Based on the findings of my three chapters, I recommend that researchers should combine insights from alternative models to mitigate the scope of specification bias in empirical outcomes and inform policy about the potential uncertainty that arises in uncovering the truth using statistical methods.
Ph. D.

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Taskiran, Inanc. "An Economical Analysis Of Alternative Eastern Black Sea Coastal Highway Defense Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1120500/index.pdf.

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In order to analyze the stability of Eastern Black Sea Coastal Highway defense structures constructed with natural stone armor layers, hydraulic model tests were performed under both breaking and non-breaking waves. Eight different alternative cross-sections of the defense structures were constructed in the wave flume in Coastal and Harbor Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, METU. Water depth was kept constant at a depth of 7.5 m in front of the structures. Model scale, &
#955
L, was calculated as 1:31.08 using Froude Law. Experiments were carried out for wave heights, H, ranging between 3 &ndash
7 m. with a wave period ranging between 6 &ndash
11 sec in prototype. A comparative economical analysis of the alternative cross-sections of the defense structures has proven that cost (per meter) differs almost 50% between the alternative cross-sections.

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Quandahl, Kendal. "Economic feasibility of alternative crops in Northeast Iowa to sustain family incomes." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35318.

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Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
The purpose of this thesis is to identify which alternative crops could be enhance the income of Quandahl Farms the most by moving the smallest acreage from the farm’s traditional corn and soybean enterprises into its production. The considered crops are grapes, raspberries, and black currants. The objectives of this study included assessing the technical feasibility of producing the selected crops in Northeast Iowa given the agronomic conditions in the region and the agronomic requirements of the crops. The other was the assessment of the economic feasibility of the selected crops and determining the minimum acres required for each to enhance the farm’s financial situation and still allow for corn and soybeans to be the main crops. The analyses were conducted using secondary data on the selected crops from published budgets and government and extension reports as well as the historical financials of Quandahl Farms. The analyses were conducted over a 10-year horizon to ensure a significant duration of cash flow and allow the establishment of the alternative crops. In that 10-year period, the net present value of Quandahl Farms income is $214 per acre per year. Additionally, the analyses were evaluated under four alternative scenarios of prices and yield for each of the crops in addition to the base scenario. The results shows that grapes and black currants were not economically feasible in Northeast Iowa even though they were agronomically feasible. On the contrary, raspberries were found to be both technically and economically feasible in Northeast Iowa. The net present value under that base scenario for raspberries was $23,267 at a discount rate of 4.5%. Based on the net present value of corn and soybean revenue of the same period, it is estimated that taking 22 acres from the current production and putting it into raspberries would increase average farm income by $60,000. The study shows there is an opportunity to allocate a relatively small proportion of current corn and soybean acreage to raspberries to significantly increase farm incomes. As a result, it is recommended to the principals of Quandahl Farms to consider making this small investment in raspberries to protect the farm from the frequent vicissitudes of farm incomes. The next step after their agreement is to develop the business plan to implement such an investment.

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Medeiros, Josemar Xavier de. "Energia renovavel na siderurgia : analise socio-economica e ambiental da produção de carvão vegetal para os altos fornos de Minas Gerais (no inicio da decada de 1990)." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263859.

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Orientador: Arsenio Oswaldo Seva Filho
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a questão da energia na siderurgia. Em particular, faz uma análise das principais questões de natureza sócio-econômica e ambiental envolvidas com o sistema de produção e utilização do carvão vegetal. Ao longo do trabalho procurou-se exercitar a análise não apenas técnica, mas também econômica, social e ambiental relacionada com o suprimento de carvão vegetal ao setor siderúrgico. Apesar do setor siderúrgico ser o maior consumidor desse combustível, entretanto não deve ser colocado como o principal responsável pelo desmatamento das florestas nativas. De igual modo procurou-se estabelecer a compreensão de que a dinâmica dos problemas envolvidos com o sistema de suprimento de uma fonte de energia - neste caso, o carvão vegeta 1, envolve causas e efeitos, localizados nas diversas esferas das atividades humanas: a da organização social, a dos modos de produção; e a das relações ambientais. Por fim, analisa as implicações da atual legislação ambiental relacionada com a atividade de carvoejamento e procura investigar quais as principais estratégias adotadas pelos grandes consumidores de carvão vegeta 1 para um cenário muito próximo de redução na oferta dessa forma de energia ¿renovável¿
Abstract: This study analyses the question of the energy and siderurgy. Particularly is focussed the mains social, economics and environmental questions about the production and ut.ilization system of charcoal. In spite of siderurgy consumes more than 70 % of the national charcoal production, it cannot be in charge of by the end of the native forests. Also is analysed the actual legislation about forests and environment and its implications with the charcoal production. The mains strategies of the big consumers of charcoal and possibilities to use mineral coke is investigated.
Doutorado
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

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Ligeiro, Elaine Cristina [UNESP]. "Efeito da utilização da fitase sobre o desempenho, qualidade dos ovos, avaliação econômica e excreção de fósforo e nitrogênio de poedeiras comerciais alimentadas com rações contendo ingredientes alternativos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96571.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Avaliou-se os efeitos da adição da fitase em rações formuladas com alimentos alternativos sobre o desempenho, qualidade dos ovos e características químicas das excretas de poedeiras comerciais. Em cada experimento foram utilizadas 180 aves, distribuídas em um DIC com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de seis aves cada. O tratamento 1, controle, constituiu-se em uma ração de milho e farelo de soja, sem fitase e alimentos alternativos, e os demais foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x2, com 2 níveis de adição de fitase (0 e 500 FTU/kg de ração) e, respectivamente, 2 níveis de inclusão do farelo de girassol (4% e 8%) e 2 níveis de substituição do milho pelo sorgo (50 e 100%) nos experimentos 1 e 2. O período experimental foi dividido em quatro períodos de 28 dias, e ao final de cada período foram avaliados índices de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos. Foi realizado um ensaio para verificar a quantidade de fósforo (P) e nitrogênio nas excretas, além disso, foi realizada a análise econômica de cada tratamento. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A matriz nutricional da fitase permitiu o atendimento das exigências das aves, onde mesmo alimentadas com dietas com níveis nutricionais reduzidos não tiveram o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos comprometidos. A adição de fitase nas rações possibilitou decréscimo na excreção do P e redução de todos os parâmetros econômicos avaliados. A produção de ovos foi afetada negativamente quando utilizado o nível 8% de inclusão do farelo de girassol. O sorgo pode ser utilizado como o único grão energético da dieta.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of adding phytase to feeds formulated with alternative ingredients on the performance, egg quality, and feces chemical composition of laying hens. Each experiment analyzed 180 hens. Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications of six hens. Treatment 1 (control), consisted of a regular feed of corn and soybean meal, without phytase and alternative ingredientes, and the other treatments were arranged in a 2x2 factorial with 2 levels of phytase (0 and 500 FTU/kg of feed), and, respectively, 2 levels of sunflower meal (4% e 8%) and 2 levels of corn replacement with sorghum (50 and 100%) in the experiments 1 and 2. The experiment was divided in 4 periods of 28 days. Performance indices and egg quality parameters were determined. After this experiment, a trial was conducted to determine the quantity of phosphorus and nitrogen in feces. An economical evaluation was also performed. Data were subjected to an ANOVA and means were compared by TUKEY test at 5% of probability. The nutritional matrix with phytase completely met the requirements of hens, and even in diets with lower nutritional levels the performance and egg quality were not compromised. Adding phytase to feeds decreased phosphorus levels in feces and all economical parameters were reduced. Egg production was negatively affected when 8% of sunflower was added. Sorghum can be used to partially or totally replace corn, and can be the only energy grain in the diet.

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VANNI, SILVIA R. "Estudo de viabilidade economica de fontes alternativas de energia de uma comunidade tipica da regiao nordeste do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11736.

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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Nepomuceno, Rafael Carlos. "Inclusão da quirera de arroz em rações de suínos na fase de creche." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19055.

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NEPOMUCENO, Rafael Carlos. Inclusão da quirera de arroz em rações de suínos na fase de creche. 2010. 52 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.
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It was used 30 piglets, castrated male and female, of commercial lineage, weaned at 21 days of age and with average live weight of 6.65 kg, with the objective to evaluating the effect of the inclusion of different levels of broken rice on the frequency of diarrhea, productive performance, how so the economic viability of piglets in the nursery phase I (21 to 42 days of age), nursery phase II (43 to 63 days of age), and total period (21 to 63 days of age), how so the economic viability. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks randomized, with 5 treatments (inclusion levels of broken rice: 0,0; 14,0; 28,0; 42,0 and 56,0%) and 6 replicates per treatment, being the experimental unit (part) consists of an animal. The criterion used for block formation was the initial weight of piglets. According to regression analysis, were not observed significant effects between the levels of inclusion of broken rice in diets in any of the variables of zootechnical performance, as well as, there were not significant difference between control treatment and treatments with the inclusion levels of broken rice when compared by Dunnett test (5%). The results of observations of the frequency of diarrhea indicated that the inclusion of broken rice provided no changes in the incidence of diarrhea in animals. According to the economic study the inclusion of broken rice proved viable until the level of 56.0%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of broken rice in diets of pigs in the nursery phase was technically and economically viable until the level of 56,0% for inclusion
Foram utilizados 30 leitões fêmeas e machos castrados, de linhagem comercial, desmamados com média de 21 dias de idade e com média de 6,65 kg de peso vivo, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis inclusão de quirera de arroz sobre o desempenho zootécnico, freqüência de diarréia, bem como a viabilidade econômica, em leitões na fase de creche I (21 a 42 dias de idade), fase de creche II (43 a 63 dias de idade) e no período total (21 a 63 dias de idade). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (níveis de inclusão de quirera de arroz: 0,0; 14,0; 28,0; 42,0 e 56,0%), e 6 repetições por tratamento, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por um animal. O critério usado para formação dos blocos foi o peso inicial dos animais. De acordo com a análise de regressão, não foram observados efeitos significativos entre os níveis de inclusão da quirera de arroz nas rações em nenhuma das variáveis de desempenho zootécnico, assim como, não houve diferença significativa entre o tratamento controle e os tratamentos que receberam a inclusão da quirera de arroz quando comparados pelo teste de Dunnett (5%). Os resultados das observações da frequência de diarréia indicaram que a inclusão da quirera de arroz não proporcionou alterações na incidência de diarréia nos animais. Segundo o estudo econômico realizado a inclusão da quirera de arroz mostrou-se viável até o nível de 56,0%. Portanto, pode se concluir que a utilização da quirera de arroz em rações de suínos na fase de creche foi tecnicamente e economicamente viável até o nível de 56,0% de inclusão.

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Žibaitis, Evaldas. "Uždarosios akcinės bendrovės „Zokniai“ plėtros alternatyvų analizė orientuojantis į Europos regioninės plėtros fondo paramą smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050607_151650-65088.

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The aim of this master’s paper is to identify the optimal joint stock company “Zokniai” development alternative with orientation to European regional development fund‘s (ERDF) support for small and medium size business. Two scientific approaches towards SME‘s support were identified in the final paper. ERDF requirements for SME‘s and their projects are analysed. Three alternatives of enterprise activity are analysed using financial and economical indicators. The need for ERDF‘s support for JSC „Zokniai“ is grounded by the comparative analysis of investments alternatives. It is recommended to use described and practically used methods and indicators in order to ground ERDF‘s support for JSC „Zokniai“ and other small and medium size enterprises.

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Klesla, Arnošt. "ALTERNATIVNÍ PŘÍSTUPY K PODPOŘE ZDRAVÍ." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165931.

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The economic concept of health is defined as an ability to fully utilize human capital. The health promotion shall procure healthy lifestyle among the population. It also appears as the most efficient way to prevent diseases, in particular the non-communicable diseases (NCD). Economic analysis of human behavior offers the explanation of the rational choices as well as the decisions with bounded rationality affecting people's' health conditions. The Czech population health development analysis shows tendencies to careless approach in this area, that is illustrated by the increase incidence of sick leaves caused by NCD in higher age categories. Application of the health promotion in Czech Republic may be significantly improved by the outcomes of economic analysis of human behavior in these regards. Incidental issues are to be analyzed by the methods of logical deduction logical deduction, comparative analysis and empirical results of the statistical survey. Synthesis of the findings and conclusions of the analysis is the starting point for the modeling of health strategies, policies and programs promoting health in the Czech Republic. The main hypothesis is supported by the outcomes of this analysis with regards to the applicability of the economic analysis of human behavior on the health promotion and its positive macroeconomical impact on the current medical system sustainability. The primary contribution of the thesis consist in formulation of specific outcomes of the economic analysis of human behavior for the health promotion concept development. A secondary benefit is the proposal to measure personal productive incapacity in time by the indicator of work incapacity. In this context, the risk of non-infectious diseases impact deepening in older age categories of workers in Czech Republic is emphasized

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Andrade, Igo Renan Albuquerque de. "Fontes alternativas de proteÃna na dieta de ovinos em confinamento: valor nutritivo e desempenho bioeconÃmico." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6267.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o desempenho bioeconÃmico e adaptabilidade fisiolÃgica de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes protÃicas alternativas na raÃÃo concentrada em substituiÃÃo ao farelo de soja. Utilizaram-se trÃs diferentes fontes protÃicas alternativas na raÃÃo concentrada em substituiÃÃo ao farelo de soja: feno do folÃolo da leucena (FFL), urÃia (ambas substituindo 100% do farelo de soja) e torta de algodÃo (substituindo em 51,8%, com base na matÃria seca). Foi avaliado o peso final (kg), o ganho de peso total (GPT), ganho mÃdio diÃrio (GMD) e o nÃmero de dias para os borregos ganharem 12 kg (D12). Para uma avaliaÃÃo detalhada do desenvolvimento corporal dos ovinos, semanalmente foram feitas mediÃÃes morfomÃtricas nos animais, nas diferentes partes do corpo, como perÃmetro torÃcico (PT), altura da cernelha (AC), altura da garupa (AG), comprimento corpÃreo (CC), comprimento da garupa (CG) e escore de condiÃÃo corporal (ECC). A avaliaÃÃo comportamental foi realizada de modo instantÃneo a intervalos de 10 minutos (ingestÃo de raÃÃo, ruminaÃÃo, outras atividades, Ãcio acordado ou dormindo, durante as 24 horas). AlÃm disso, no intervalo entre duas observaÃÃes, foi acompanhada a freqÃÃncia de defecaÃÃo, micÃÃo e ingestÃo de Ãgua. Para a anÃlise das variÃveis bioclimatolÃgicas, durante o perÃodo experimental foram coletadas a cada hora, no intervalo de 7h Ãs 19h, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, utilizando-se data logger. O consumo de matÃria natural do lote (CMN) foi calculado como sendo a diferenÃa entre o alimento fornecido e as sobras coletadas no dia seguinte para cada baia, o consumo de matÃria seca (CMS) foi obtido multiplicando o CMN pela respectiva matÃria seca da raÃÃo fornecida. A temperatura da superfÃcie do pelame dos borregos foi coletada em dois dias da semana, no perÃodo da manhÃ (07:30) e tarde (14:00), com auxÃlio de um termÃmetro de infravermelho. As anÃlises econÃmicas dos diferentes sistemas foram realizadas com base em simulaÃÃes utilizando um nÃmero de duzentos borregos por lote. Ao analisar a variÃvel peso final (kg), pode-se verificar que os borregos alimentados com a raÃÃo que utilizava a torta de algodÃo em substituiÃÃo parcial ao farelo de soja (51,8% da matÃria seca) foram os que obtiveram maiores peso final, ganhos de peso total e ganhos mÃdios diÃrios (g/d), aliado a um menor nÃmero de dias para um ganho de 12 kg (D12). No tocante as medidas morfomÃtricas, os borregos alimentados com a dieta que utilizava a torta de algodÃo obtiveram as melhores medidas tanto no perÃmetro torÃcico quanto no escore de condiÃÃo corporal. No que diz respeito ao comportamento animal, ao analisar as variÃveis contÃnuas em % total do dia, pode-se observar nas variÃveis ingerindo raÃÃo e Ãcio dormindo, que nÃo existiu diferenÃa (P>0,05) entre as diferentes fontes protÃicas alternativas analisadas, entretanto nas demais variÃveis houve diferenÃa (P<0,05) entre as diferentes fontes protÃicas. No que diz respeito Ãs atividades pontuais, pode-se verificar diferenÃa (P<0,05) entre as diferentes fontes protÃicas analisadas, nas atividades urinando e defecando, sendo as maiores frequÃncias observadas nos borregos alimentados com o farelo de soja e feno do folÃolo da leucena para as respectivas atividades. O CMN e CMS foram diretamente influenciados pela temperatura e umidade relativa da manhÃ, umidade relativa da tarde e do dia. O consumo de Ãgua foi influenciado pelas temperaturas da manhÃ, do perÃodo crÃtico, do perÃodo da tarde e da temperatura diÃria, bem como pelas umidades relativas do perÃodo crÃtico, do perÃodo da tarde e da umidade relativa diÃria. No tocante as temperaturas da superfÃcie do pelame, as mesmas foram influenciadas diretamente por todas as variÃveis climÃticas analisadas. A temperatura retal foi influenciada somente pelas temperaturas e umidades relativas do ar no perÃodo de mediÃÃo. A temperatura da bolsa escrotal nÃo foi influenciada pelas variÃveis climÃticas. O maior valor de manutenÃÃo da atividade foi observado no sistema onde os borregos foram alimentados com dieta contendo torta de algodÃo. No que diz respeito aos indicadores econÃmicos, o lucro da atividade em R$/kg PV foi maior no confinamento que utilizou a torta de algodÃo como fonte protÃica na raÃÃo concentrada (R$ 0,76/kg PV), seguido pelos que utilizaram farelo de soja (R$ 0,64/kg PV), urÃia (R$ 0,33/kg PV) e feno do folÃolo da leucena (R$ 0,21/kg PV). De acordo com as diferentes anÃlises econÃmicas e de investimentos realizadas, pode-se concluir que a torta de algodÃo substituindo o farelo de soja em 51,8% Ã a alternativa alimentar mais atrativa, pois permite uma maior oscilaÃÃo do preÃo de venda do quilograma do peso vivo do borrego em relaÃÃo Ãs demais fontes protÃicas analisadas, o que permite ao produtor se adequar a uma maior elasticidade do preÃo de venda deste produto no mercado sem causar prejuÃzos ao produtor
To verify the bioeconomic performance and physiological adaptability of sheep fed diets containing alternative protein sources in the concentrate as a replacement for soybean meal, this study was conducted. Were used three different alternative protein sources in concentrate in replacement of soybean meal: Leucaena leucocephala leaflet hay (HLL), urea (replacing both 100% of soybean meal) and cottonseed cake, replacing in 51.8% (on a dry matter basis). Was evaluated the finale weight (kg), the total weight gain, average daily gain and the number of days for the lamb gain 12 kg. For a detailed assessment of body development of sheep, weekly morphometric measurements were made in animals, in different parts of the body, as thoracic perimeter, back height, height of the croup, body length, length of the croup and body condition score. The behavioral assessment was conducted instantaneously at intervals of ten minutes (feed intake, rumination, other activities, leisure awake or sleeping, during 24 hours). Besides this, in the interval between two observations, was accompanied the frequency of defecation, urination and water intake. For the analysis of variables bioclimatology, during the experimental period were collected each hour, in the range of 7 a.m until 7 p.m, ambient temperature and relative humidity, using data logger. The natural matter intake of the lot (NMI) was calculated as the difference between the provided and collected the remains the next day for each bay, the dry matter intake (DMI) was obtained multiplying the NMI by their dry matter of feed. The surface temperature of the coat of lambs was collected in two days of the week, in the morning (07:30 a.m) and afternoon (02:00 p.m), with the aid of an infrared thermometer. The economic analyses of the different systems were conducted based on simulations using a number of two hundred animals per batch. When analyzing the finale weight (kg), can verify that the lambs that were fed with the ration which used cottonseed cake in partial replacement to soybean meal (51.8% of dry matter) were who obtained a higher finale weight, total weight gain and average daily gain, combined with a smaller number of days to gain total of 12 kg. Regarding the morphometric measurements, the lambs fed with the diet which used cottonseed cake obtained the best measures both the thoracic perimeter as body condition score. With regard to animal behavior, when looking at continuous variables in % of total days, can observe the variables ingesting food and leisure sleeping, that there was no difference (P>0.05) between different alternative protein sources analyzed, however there was a difference (P<0.05) in other variables between different protein sources. Regarding to punctual activities, can be verified difference (P<0.05) between different protein sources analyzed, in the activities urinating and defecating, and the higher frequency observed in lambs fed with soybean meal and hay of the leaflet of Leucaena for their respective activities. The NMI and DMI were directly influenced by temperature and relative humidity in the morning, and relative humidity in the afternoon and the day. Water consumption was influenced by temperatures in the morning, the critical period, in the afternoon and the daily temperature, as well as the relative humidity of critical period, of the afternoon and the daily relative humidity. Regarding the coat surface temperature, they were influenced directly for all climatic variables analyzed. Rectal temperature was influenced only by temperature and relative humidity in the measurement period. The temperature of the scrotum was not influenced by climatic variables. Regarding to economic indicators, the profit activity in R$/kg PV was higher in the confinement that used cottonseed meal showed as protein source in the concentrate (R$ 0.76/kg PV), followed by those who used soybean meal (R$ 0.64/kg PV), urea (R$ 0.33/kg PV) and hay of leaves of leucaena (R$ 0.21/kg PV). According to the different economic analysis and of investments conducted, can conclude that the cottonseed meal replacing soybean meal in 51.8% was the production system which was more attractive, it allows a greater swing of the selling price of kilograms of live weight of lamb compared to other protein sources studied, which allows the producer to suit a greater elasticity of sales price this product in the market without causing damages to producer.

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Yoo, Juhyun. "Technical and economical assessment of thermo-mechanical extrusion pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9190.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Sajid Alavi
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 has set the goal of 36 billion gallons of annual ethanol production in the U.S. by 2022, which is equivalent to 17.5% of the current gasoline consumption in the U.S. However, corn ethanol is expected to plateau at a level of 7.3% of current gasoline consumption on an energy-equivalent basis. Thus, it is essential to utilize a variety of substrates including lignocellulosic biomass from perennial energy crops such as switch grass, crop residues such as corn and sorghum stover, and agri-industrial co-products such as soybean hulls and wheat bran. Lignocellulosic substrates have a recalcitrant nature and require a pretreatment step that is critical for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars. In this study, soybean hulls were used as a model substrate for cellulosic ethanol. A novel thermo-mechanical pretreatment process using extrusion was investigated and compared with two traditional pretreatment methods, dilute acid and alkali hydrolysis, with regard to structural changes in the lignocellulosic substrate, and glucose and ethanol yields. The effect of extrusion parameters, such as barrel temperature, in-barrel moisture and screw speed, on glucose yield from soybean hulls was determined. Optimum processing conditions were screw speed of 350 rpm, maximum barrel temperature of 80C and 40% in-barrel moisture content, resulting in 95% cellulose conversion to glucose. Compared with untreated soybean hulls, the cellulose to glucose conversion of soybean hulls increased by 69.5, 128.4 and 132.2% for dilute acid, alkali and thermo-mechanical pretreatments, respectively. Glucose and other hexose sugars such as mannose and galactose were effectively fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in ethanol yields of 13.04–15.44 g/L. Fermentation inhibitors glycerol, furfural, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and acetic acid were found in the thermo-mechanically pretreated substrate, ranging in concentrations from 0.072–0.431, 0–0.049, 0–0.023 and 0.181–0.278 g/L, respectively, which were lower than those reported from acid hydrolyzed substrates. The economic feasibility of commercial cellulosic ethanol production processes employing dilute acid hydrolysis and thermo-mechanical pretreatment were compared using a system dynamics modeling approach. It was concluded that low feedstock cost and high sugar conversion are important factors that can make cellulosic ethanol production commercially viable. Thermo-mechanical pretreatment was a more promising technology as compared to dilute acid hydrolysis because of the lower capital and operating costs, and higher sugar conversion.

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Ak, Mumtaz. "Alternative Feasibility Studies For Altiparmak Dam And Hepp." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613748/index.pdf.

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Hydropower is the most important domestic energy source of Turkey. Thus, wise planning and development of the unused hydropower potential of the country is vital. There are many hydroelectric power plants under planning stage in our country. Altiparmak HEPP is one of them. General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIE) and ANC Enerji conducted two separate feasibility studies for Altiparmak HEPP in 2001 and 2009, respectively. Traditionally, the energy income calculations for HEPPs are based on DSI or EIE Methods in Turkey. Both of these methods evaluate the firm and the secondary energy generations separately. Besides they use fixed prices for these two types of energies. However, hourly electricity prices are used for electricity trading in Turkey. A detailed economic analysis of Altiparmak HEPP is conducted in this study. The economic analysis included various factors, such as tailwater level change, varying operating levels for different seasons and precipitation and evaporation amounts which are not conventionally included in feasibility studies. Moreover, the energy income calculations are conducted with four different methods, the DSI Method, the EIE Method, the ANC Method and the Variable Price Method (VPM). The VPM is developed in this study and it allows utilization of hourly electricity prices in calculating energy income of the HEPP. To shed some light on how hourly electricity prices develop, this thesis includes a chapter on the electricity market which explains the details of electricity trading in our country after the Electricity Market Balancing and Settlement Regulation became active in 2009.

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Cetinkaya, Mehmet Akin. "Balkusan Dam And Hepp: Investigation Of Better Alternatives To Eiei Formulation." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615522/index.pdf.

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Due to the economic and social growth of Turkey, there is a rapid increase in energy demand. Turkey does not have sufficient natural gas and petroleum reserves
however, it has large hydropower potential. Hydropower is the most widely used form of renewable energy. To generate electricity between elevations 1500 m and 450 m on Balkusan Creek, General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIEI) conducted a feasibility study for a hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) composed of a rock-fill dam in 1999. In 2009, this formulation was not only revised but also constructed by Hidromark Company. The Hidromark-formulation consists of a roller compacted concrete dam and two diversion weirs. The aim of this study is to find a more beneficial alternative to the previous formulations. In order to avoid dam body and expropriation costs the Alternative-formulation composed of a run-of-river HEPP is developed. In the economic analysis, HEPPs are assumed to have two equal sized turbines and net benefits of different formulations are compared. Additionally, energy generation calculations are carried out for two turbines with different installed capacities only for the Alternative-formulation in order to investigate impact of turbine size on energy generation.

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Gomes, Thalles Ribeiro. "Inclusão de farelo de arroz integral em rações para leitões na fase inicial." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19006.

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GOMES, Thalles Ribeiro. Inclusão de farelo de arroz integral em rações para leitões na fase inicial. 2010. xiii, 50 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Fortaleza-CE, 2010.
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Two experiments were led, with the objective of evaluating the effects of the inclusion of whole rice meal (WRM) in rations for piglets in the day care phase. In the 1st experiment, they were appraised the performance, the diarrhea incidence, as well as the economical viability. Were used 60 piglets, female and male castrated, of the 21 to the 42 days of age, with initial weight of 5.4 ± 1.44 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized design with five levels of inclusion of WRM (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0%) and six replicates per treatment, and the experimental unit (parcel) it was incorporated by two animals. The results showed that the daily mean feed intake (DMFI), daily mean weight gain (DMWG), the feed conversion (FC) and diarrhea incidence did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) for the different levels of inclusion of WRM. The economic analysis shows the viability the inclusion of until 20.0% of WRM. In the 2nd experiment they were appraised the feeding forms on the performance, as well as the economical viability. Were used 64 piglets, female and male castrated, of the 43 to the 67 days of age, with initial weight of 10.73 ± 1.85 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4 x 2, four levels of inclusion of WRM (0.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0%) and two feeding forms (ration dry and wet ration), with four replicates per treatment, the experimental unit consisted of two animals (parcel). The results showed that the daily mean feed intake (DMFI), daily mean weight gain (DMWG) and the feed conversion (FC) did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) for the different levels of inclusion of WRM. The economic analysis showed that the inclusion of 30.0% of WRM showed the best economic answer. It was ended that the supply of whole rice meal is viable until the level of 20.0% in the diets of pigs in the period initial I and until the level of 30.0% in the initial period II of the day care phase, independent in the feeding forms.
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão do farelo de arroz integral (FAI) em rações para leitões na fase inicial. No experimento I foram avaliados o desempenho zootécnico, a ocorrência de diarréia, bem como a viabilidade econômica. Utilizou-se 60 leitões fêmeas e machos castrados, dos 21 aos 42 dias de idade, com peso inicial médio de 5,4 ± 1,44 kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco níveis de inclusão de FAI (0,0; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0 e 20,0%) e com seis repetições por tratamento, sendo que a unidade experimental (parcela) foi constituída por 2 animais. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD), ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD), conversão alimentar (CA) e a ocorrência de diarréia, não diferiram significativamente (P>0,05) para os diferentes níveis de inclusão de FAI. A análise econômica mostrou a viabilidade da inclusão de FAI até o nível de 20,0%. No experimento II foram avaliados o desempenho zootécnico, formas de arraçoamento, bem como a viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizados 64 leitões fêmeas e machos castrados, dos 43 aos 67 dias de idade, com peso inicial médio de 10,73 ± 1,85 kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, quatro níveis de inclusão de farelo de arroz integral (0,0; 10,0; 20,0 e 30,0%) e duas formas de arraçoamento (ração seca e ração úmida), com quatro repetições por tratamento, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por 2 animais (parcela). Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD), ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD) e conversão alimentar (CA) não diferiram significativamente (P>0,05) para os diferentes níveis de inclusão de FAI. A análise econômica mostrou que a inclusão de 30,0% de FAI apresentou a melhor resposta econômica. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de farelo de arroz integral é viável até o nível de 20,0% nas rações de leitões no período de 21 a 42 dias e até o nível de 30,0% no período de 43 a 67 dias da fase inicial, independente da forma de arraçoamento.

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Dellinger, Adam Ross. "Economic Feasibility and Environmental Analysis of a Municipal Food Waste Collection and Anaerobic Digestion Program Model." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1383843493.

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Baral, Nawa Raj. "Techno-economic Analysis of Butanol Production through Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480501106426567.

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Huss, Erik, and David Svensson. "OPS – ett alternativ i byggandet avidrottshallar i Stockholm Stad?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281700.

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Med ett stort uttryckt behov av fler idrottshallar i Stockholms stad och begränsade kommunalaresurser har genomförandeformen OPS, Offentlig Privat Samverkan, lyfts fram i politiska diskussionersom ett alternativ för framtida investeringar. Upphandlingsformen är relativt ny och av en liten utbredning i Sverige med det mest omtalade projektet Nya Karolinska Solna. OPS saknar idag en entydig definition men kan förklaras som en vidareutveckling av mer traditionella genomförandeformer. I samverkan med en offentlig part tar den privata aktören ett helhetsansvar i ett infrastrukturprojekt genom planering, byggande, drift och underhåll över en längre tid. Projektetfinansieras även av den privata parten medan det offentliga sedan betalar återkommande ersättningar enligt avtalet som ofta sträcker sig över 20 år, likt en delbetalning. Drivkrafterna för upphandlingsformen består till stor del av en tro om effektivisering genom olika incitament samt möjligheten för det offentliga att initiera projekt trots en avsaknad av budgetmedel. OPS lämpar sig dock inte för alla typer av projekt utan rätt projektförutsättningar krävs för att kunna dra nytta av genomförandeformens fördelar. Detta kandidatexamensarbete genomfördes därav med syftet att undersöka huruvida OPS lämpar sig för nybyggnationer av idrottshallar ämnade för breddidrott i Stockholm. Utifrån den bakomliggande teorin inom ämnesområdet samt verkliga erfarenheter så lämpar sig inte OPS för byggandet av enskilda idrottshallar av en enklare karaktär. Detta då sådana projekt inte uppnår den kapitalvolym och riskfylldhet som är grundläggande faktorer att beakta vid valet av genomförandeform. Investeringar i större anläggningar som exempelvis planeras på ett område medosäkra markförhållanden skulle däremot kunna vara av sådan typ att genomförandeformens nyttor är mer tillämpbara. Det kontinuerliga byggandet av idrottshallar i det befolkningsökande Stockholm skulle även kunna utveckla framtida OPS-förfaranden inom sektorn ifall sådana genomförandebeslut fattas av de styrande politikerna. Vid skrivtiden av detta arbete råder det ingen kommunalpolitisk konsensus gällande OPS-lösningar, vilket kan innebära en risk för OPS-projekt och dess långa avtalsperioder. Upphandlingsformen är ett av många alternativ för den offentliga beställaren och större investeringsbeslut bör analyseras närmare i en förstudie. I de fall där OPS är ett alternativ kan olika genomförandeformer jämföras genom en Value For Money-analys för att bedöma vilken typ av upphandling som är mest lönsam. Detta för att nyttja samhällets resurser effektivt ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv.
This Bachelor thesis was produced in the purpose to discover wether a Public Private Partnership, in Sweden named as OPS – Offentlig Privat Samverkan, is suitable for projects regarding indoor sportfacilities destined for the common sports in Stockholm. Due to the great need of these sport facilitiesin the municipality and with limited governmental resources, OPS has surfaced as a potentional solution to approach this problem. This type of public procurement has, by the time writing, not been conducted in Sweden to a great extent with the most debated example being the hospital Nya Karolinska i Solna. The procurement OPS lacks a standardized definition but can be explained as a development of the more traditional types of public procurements. Instead of just building or maintaining the asset the private part takes an overall responsibility for the public investment through planning, construction,operation and mantainance as well as the initial financing. The public client then makes paymentsover the contract term and compensating the private finance company for their investment andother costs. The potential benefits regarding OPS is mainly in the belief of an increased efficiency that can be profitable but also the possibility for the public sector to initiate projects despite a lack ofbudgetary resources. However, OPS is not suitable for every type of infrastructure project. The right project characteristics are required to be able to benefit from the procurement, such as a larger need of resources and higher risk. Based on the underlying theory and experiences, OPS is not suitable for the construction of indoorsports facilities of a simpler character. Such projects do not achieve the volume of capital and riskiness that are fundamental factors to consider when choosing the type of procurement. Investments in larger facilities that are, for instance, planned in an area with uncertain soil conditions would on the other hand, be of such a type that the benefits with the method are more applicable.The continuous construction of sport facilities in Stockholm with its steadily increase of inhabitantscould also develop future models in the field of OPS. This type of development would of course onlybe made possible by decisions from the governing politicians. At the time of writing this bachelor thesis, there is no municipal consensus regarding OPS as a solution, which may entail a risk with OPSprojectsand their long contract periods. The procurement form is one of many alternatives for the public part and major investment decisions should be analyzed in a more detailed pilot study. In cases where OPS is an option, different forms ofimplementation can be compared through a Value For Money analysis to asses which type ofprocurement is most profitable. This is to make sure that society’s resources are used efficiently froma socioeconomic perspective.

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Huezo, Sanchez Luis. "Technical, economic, and carbon dioxide emission analyses of managing anaerobically digested sewage sludge through hydrothermal carbonization." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587121997256614.

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Bom, Conselho Thiérs Hofman do. "The Use of the Educational Voucher Program in Brazil: A Socio-Economic Study of an Alternative Educational Funding System in Brazil." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1121357082.

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STECHER, LUIZA C. "Cálculo de viabilidade econômica de fontes alternativas de energia considerando seus custos ambientais para pequenas comunidades da região nordeste brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10619.

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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Marques, Novo Francisco José, and Rézio Henrique Manuel Saraiva. "FE safety analysis of a high speed wood planer cutter. An alternative method to achieve the requirements of EN847 standard." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1849.

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In the last decades, high speed cutting has become an attractive technology in the wood industry. The possibility of reducing global costs in addiction with an increase in productivity, were the main reasons for the enlargement of the use of this technology.

As usual, these advantages are accompanied by disadvantages that should be carefully analyzed. If on the one hand cutting forces are reduced with increasing cutting speeds, on the other hand, the centrifugal forces affecting the tool are higher. Exposed to such high loads, there is a considerable risk of tool failure that embeds hazards for both machine and workers.

To prevent the risk of accidents and to guarantee safety in use, security standards have been implemented in industrial fields, imposing specific experimental tests, with defined procedure modes. Accordingly with these standards, the results obtained through the tests should fall inside limited ranges. The experimental tests suggested on the European Standards are intended to simulate the real working conditions of a rotating cutting tool, where extreme centrifugal forces are imposed by the high values of speed. Although their main importance, these destructive tests aren’t always practicable. It happens, for instance, with tools produced in small batch sizes, or as an ascertainment for the fail-critical speed during the development stage, or even due to physical incompatibilities between the tool and the laboratory testmachines.

The high value of weight associated with the cutting tool prototype developed and patented by Verktygs Larsson AB was an impediment to run the laboratorial tests specified by the standards, forcing the company to find a new way to assure the safety requirements of their product.

The main goal of this project was the development of an alternative method based on finite element theory to perform a safety analysis to the prototype of a wood cutter. This tool is used as a component in high speed planers.

In addiction to this primary objective, some considerations were made about other available models, with increased dimensions or even with different parameters. If there was the need, design changes could be assumed in order to guarantee that the tool reached the requisites of the safety standards. Considering an optimization effort, material changes would also be considered, to aim in the direction of reducing the tool weight and the consequent centrifugal forces.

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Faze, Natasha Ranjit. "Life Cycle And Economic Analysis Comparing Microbial Desalination Cell And Reverse Osmosis Technologies." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428934798.

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Ligeiro, Elaine Cristina. "Efeito da utilização da fitase sobre o desempenho, qualidade dos ovos, avaliação econômica e excreção de fósforo e nitrogênio de poedeiras comerciais alimentadas com rações contendo ingredientes alternativos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96571.

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Orientador: Otto Mack Junqueira
Banca: Antonio Carlos de Laurentiz
Banca: Rosemeire da Silva Filardi
Resumo: Avaliou-se os efeitos da adição da fitase em rações formuladas com alimentos alternativos sobre o desempenho, qualidade dos ovos e características químicas das excretas de poedeiras comerciais. Em cada experimento foram utilizadas 180 aves, distribuídas em um DIC com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de seis aves cada. O tratamento 1, controle, constituiu-se em uma ração de milho e farelo de soja, sem fitase e alimentos alternativos, e os demais foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x2, com 2 níveis de adição de fitase (0 e 500 FTU/kg de ração) e, respectivamente, 2 níveis de inclusão do farelo de girassol (4% e 8%) e 2 níveis de substituição do milho pelo sorgo (50 e 100%) nos experimentos 1 e 2. O período experimental foi dividido em quatro períodos de 28 dias, e ao final de cada período foram avaliados índices de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos. Foi realizado um ensaio para verificar a quantidade de fósforo (P) e nitrogênio nas excretas, além disso, foi realizada a análise econômica de cada tratamento. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A matriz nutricional da fitase permitiu o atendimento das exigências das aves, onde mesmo alimentadas com dietas com níveis nutricionais reduzidos não tiveram o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos comprometidos. A adição de fitase nas rações possibilitou decréscimo na excreção do P e redução de todos os parâmetros econômicos avaliados. A produção de ovos foi afetada negativamente quando utilizado o nível 8% de inclusão do farelo de girassol. O sorgo pode ser utilizado como o único grão energético da dieta.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of adding phytase to feeds formulated with alternative ingredients on the performance, egg quality, and feces chemical composition of laying hens. Each experiment analyzed 180 hens. Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications of six hens. Treatment 1 (control), consisted of a regular feed of corn and soybean meal, without phytase and alternative ingredientes, and the other treatments were arranged in a 2x2 factorial with 2 levels of phytase (0 and 500 FTU/kg of feed), and, respectively, 2 levels of sunflower meal (4% e 8%) and 2 levels of corn replacement with sorghum (50 and 100%) in the experiments 1 and 2. The experiment was divided in 4 periods of 28 days. Performance indices and egg quality parameters were determined. After this experiment, a trial was conducted to determine the quantity of phosphorus and nitrogen in feces. An economical evaluation was also performed. Data were subjected to an ANOVA and means were compared by TUKEY test at 5% of probability. The nutritional matrix with phytase completely met the requirements of hens, and even in diets with lower nutritional levels the performance and egg quality were not compromised. Adding phytase to feeds decreased phosphorus levels in feces and all economical parameters were reduced. Egg production was negatively affected when 8% of sunflower was added. Sorghum can be used to partially or totally replace corn, and can be the only energy grain in the diet.
Mestre

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Musil, Jiří. "Studie proveditelnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124839.

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This thesis will describe the problematic of feasibility studies on the base of available literature. Main aim of this diploma thesis is to create feasibility study for the author's own project and to confirm or refuse the basic hypothesis.

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Ruan, Wenbo. "Energy survey on replacing a direct electrical heating system with an alternative heating system." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26915.

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With the ever-growing energy demand that world is currently going through and the danger of climate change around the corner, wagering in renewable energy seems to be the right path to create a more smart and green future. Sweden has put great effort on decreasing its dependency on oil, in fact in 2012 more than 50 % of its electricity came from the renewable source and has a plan in making it 100 % in 2040. However, when it comes to heating systems Sweden depends greatly on district heating, and situations which buildings are located outside the district heating system’s reach is not uncommon, hence for those buildings, other options such as solar power or heat pumps are considered. Many buildings located in Skutskär suffer from the problem stated above. The particular building analyzed in this thesis uses electrical radiator and furnace as sources of heat, which implies high energy uses and financial expenses. For this reason technical and financial analysis of using each alternative system for a single family house located in Skutskär had been done. Using solar powered system is deemed to be quite ineffective, as Sweden has poor solar radiation. In order to compensate the poor sun hours during the winter, 51 photovoltaic (PV) panels or 19 solar thermal panels would be required. This high initial investment needs long period of time in order to be profitable, 15 years for solar thermal system and 21 years for solar PV system. On the other hand, the results from the heat pumps are quite satisfactory, the fastest payback period is around 4 years. This is achieved by using air source heat pump (ASHP), the annual saving in this case is three times higher than using solar photovoltaic panels, making the usage of ASHP more attractive than any solar energy system. However, when annual saving is concerned, the ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is capable of generating even higher saving, but the initial investment is significantly higher, extending the payback period to 6 years.

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Vujnović, Marina. "Forging the Bubikopf nation: a feminist political-economic analysis of Ženski list, interwar Croatia's women's magazine, for the construction of an alternative vision of modernity." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/32.

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This thesis is an examination of enski list, arguably the first magazine published exclusively for women between the wars in Croatia, and Yugoslavia. To fully understand the place, meaning and the impact of this magazine on everyday lives of its readers, with the study of the content I also include examination of the role of its editor and the first Croatian woman journalist Marija Jurić Zagorka. Finally, this thesis examines readers' responses to the content, their opinions, interactions between the readers and the editor, as well as interactions between the readers themselves for the overall assessment of the significance of enski list in the history of popular women's press in Croatia, and Yugoslavia. This thesis is a historical project which uses two theoretical approaches to study of media: feminist political economic approach, and the feminist critique of the public sphere. By combining these two theoretical standpoints I illuminated some of the ways in which media participate in everyday lives of people, specifically marginalized groups, in this case women. Situating the study within the historical context of the interwar Yugoslavia, and interwar Europe was important for understanding of this project, and its research questions. In this study I used multiple methods: (a) textual; (b) historical and biographical and, (c) audience study. In the larger part of this study which is a narrative discourse analysis of the content of enski list, I was also inspired by the interpretive ethnography of texts. I connected ethnography to feminist theory and political economy, to circumstances of gendered everyday practices and to circumstances of media culture production, all within the specific historical context. In this study I found that women in the changing socio-political and economic context expressed their relation to capitalism and modernity in different ways, sometimes exerting their critiques and the refusal of the existing patriarchal structures and sometimes seeking inclusion within the structures, with the intent to practice primarily gender equality by direct participation. Finally, the analysis of enski list has told an important story of the place of media, and the women's press in particular, in initiating, carrying, and challenging traditional and emerging discourses in the hope that they would contribute to the ways in which society can be imagined differently.

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Wottrich, Breno. "Modelo para a análise econômica e financeira em projetos para geração distribuída de energia com fontes alternativas." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8483.

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The implementation of distributed generation (DG) offers many benefits to the society, the electrical sector where they operate, and the consumers connected to the network especially due to their electricity self-production. For this case, proponents normally fight against costs estimation problems in projects of DG. In this way, low-cost and quality pre-feasibility studies are crucial when choosing the best financial and economical option. This Master thesis works on a specific methodology, with the software HOMER®, to the economic and financial (as well technical) prefeasibility study of projects with several small DG sources connected to middle voltages. A case study is also implemented with input data collected in the region of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). Therefore, it is developed a structure enclosing the general and interdisciplinary context of the projects. It helps the decision making process concerning the best-cost criterion option to advance to a more detailed viability study. As a result, this analysis of small DG systems proved to be very insightful, aligning its general objectives with the preciseness of pointing out promising technologies (wind turbines and microturbines fuelled by biogas) for further detailed studies.
O incremento de geração distribuída (GD) oferece uma série de benefícios para a sociedade, ao setor elétrico no qual estão inseridas e aos consumidores conectados a rede - em especial através da auto-produção de energia. Sobretudo para esta última situação, proponentes buscam solucionar problemas de estimação de custos em projetos de GD realizando estudos de pré-viabilidade de qualidade. Estes são de baixo custo e críticos para auxiliar a descartar projetos que não fazem sentido financeiro e econômico. Esta dissertação de mestrado aborda uma análise, através de metodologia específica, utilizando o software HOMER®, para o estudo de pré-viabilidade econômica e financeira (assim como técnica) de projetos envolvendo uma ampla gama de fontes distribuídas de pequeno porte conectadas à média tensão, com estudo de caso envolvendo a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria RS (UFSM). Assim, desenvolve-se uma estrutura contemplando o contexto geral e interdisciplinar de projetos, para auxiliar a tomada de decisões referentes à melhor opção em custos para prosseguir a um estudo mais detalhado de viabilidade. Como resultado, a proposta para análises de sistemas com GD de pequeno porte provou uma robustez interessante, aliando os objetivos gerais da abordagem desenvolvida com a precisão de apontar indícios tangíveis de viabilidade de tecnologias (turbinas eólicas e microturbinas a biogás) para estudos futuros mais detalhados.

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Dias, Feliciano Alcides. "A arbitragem sob a perspectiva econômica do direito: uma alternativa para a democratização do acesso à justiça nas relações empresariais." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6686.

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As transformações da sociedade hipermoderna e a organização das empresas têm provocado à expansão de novas formas de processos decisórios, através dos meios cooperados de tratamento e resolução de controvérsias que passaram a ser utilizados com maior frequência entre os interessados, além dos serviços jurisdicionais do Estado. Nessa ótica, a arbitragem pode ser considerada um instrumento de desenvolvimento democrático do acesso à justiça, pois ressalta a condição do agente na solução de conflitos em âmbito privado e de natureza patrimonial, tendo em vista que suas bases estão fundadas no princípio da autonomia de vontade das partes. A descrença de grande parte da sociedade em resolver seus conflitos pelo Poder Judiciário brasileiro, revela-se diante da sua ineficiência, morosidade e imprevisibilidade em termos da prestação de serviços aos seus jurisdicionados, que pode trazer reflexos negativos para o desenvolvimento econômico do país. Deste modo, exsurge o problema em examinar se a arbitragem, enquanto instituição econômica mostra-se um mecanismo eficiente, em face dos motivos pelos quais indivíduos e empresas decidem arbitrar seus conflitos com a inclusão de cláusulas arbitrais em seus contratos, com a possível redução dos custos de transação. Assim, a novel legislação sobre o instituto arbitral almeja reforçar a garantia da democracia expressa pela participação das partes na condução do processo, que se encontra consubstanciada pela constitucionalização do direito processual civil brasileiro. Essa situação reforça a interpretação dos fenômenos que se apresentam sob a matriz do método fenomenológico hermenêutico e sobre a abordagem da Análise Econômica do Direito, associada à realização de pesquisa empírica, de natureza exploratória e de campo, as principais Câmaras Arbitrais catarinenses. A arbitragem configura-se como meio célere e confiável de resolução de controvérsias, inserindo-se numa dimensão contributiva extrajudicial, tanto no âmbito jurídico, como social e econômico.
Changes to the hypermodern society and the organization of companies have caused the expansion of new decision-making processes through cooperated means of treatment and settlement of litigations, which started to be used more frequently by interested parties in addition to the jurisdictional services by the State. From this point of view, arbitration may be regarded as a democratic development tool for access the justice, as it emphasizes the agent´s condition to settle conflicts of private and financial nature, in view that it is grounded on the principle of autonomy of will of the parties. Incredulity of a great part of the Brazilian society to settle its conflicts through the local Judiciary Power results from its inefficiency, delay and unpredictableness when providing its services to population, which may have negative reflections on the economic development of Brazil. As a result, it must be examined if arbitration is an efficient mechanism as an economic institution in view of the reasons for which individuals and companies decide to settle their conflicts by including arbitration clauses in their agreements having the possible reduction in the transaction costs. Therefore, the new arbitration legislation aims at emphasizing the guarantee of democracy expressed by participation of the parties in the process conduction, which is consolidated through constitutional definition of the Brazilian civil procedure law. Such a situation stresses the interpretation of the phenomenon presented under matrix of the hermeneutical, phenomenological method and approach of the Law Economic Analysis associated to conduction of an empirical investigation of exploratory and field nature of the main Chambers of Arbitration in the State of Santa Catarina. Arbitration is a fast, reliable mean of litigation settlement inserted in an extrajudicial contributive dimension in the legal, social, and economic area.

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36

Hollinger, Keith H. "Alternative Pathways to Peace and Development in Rural Chiapas, Mexico." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37820.

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The concept of peacebuilding holds enormous importance for international relations, particularly in regions facing impending violent conflict and those recovering from such conflict. However, in order for peacebuilding to be a viable alternative to traditional peace operations, scholars and practitioners need to have a shared understanding of what peacebuilding is and what goals it hopes to achieve, in addition to fluid strategies for implementation. This dissertation seeks to identify strategies for building sustainable peace through sustainable community development and democratization. Using a qualitative metasynthesis of five ethnographies conducted in Chiapas Mexico, this dissertation develops mid-range theories, or strategies, for building peace in Chiapas and in regions experiencing low-intensity conflict more generally. These strategies are based upon the development of Pluriethnic collective governance at the local level in regions that are experiencing low-intensity conflict related to indigenous communities.
Ph. D.

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37

Sureau, Solène. "On what to assess when bridging sustainability pillars in S-LCA: Exploring the role of chain governance and value distribution in product social sustainability." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/312512.

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Les chaines d’approvisionnement contemporaines sont source de problèmes environnementaux, mais aussi d’impacts pour les communautés des abords des activités de production, consommateurs, ou encore travailleurs. Pour évaluer ces impacts, l’analyse sociale du cycle de vie (ACV-S) est développée depuis quinze ans en complément de l’ACV-E, qui traite, elle, des impacts environnementaux le long du cycle de vie des produits. Cette thèse vise à répondre à certains des défis méthodologiques pour sa conception et son application, par une évaluation de produits de systèmes alimentaires alternatifs belges (SAA), et à ces deux questions: i) que devrait évaluer l’ACV-S et ii) comment intégrer les chaines de causes à effet dans l’analyse, comme en ACV-E. Sur base de trois états de l’art (des cadres d’ACV-S, des études incluant les chaines de cause à effet, et des évaluations de produits alimentaires), nous développons et mettons en œuvre des propositions qui plaident pour i) une approche participative pour définir les critères; ii) une évaluation d’impact pour comprendre les pratiques des entreprises plutôt que leur simple rapportage, à travers l’articulation des indicateurs sur la base de théories existantes, comme l’approche de Global Commodity Chain: celle-ci place la gouvernance des chaines et la répartition de la valeur ajoutée entre les acteurs comme des facteurs explicatifs potentiels des problèmes socio-économiques présents dans les chaines; iii) une approche ‘imbriquée’ de la durabilité (ou ‘nested’), qui implique la considération des aspects économiques et de gouvernance des chaines, à côté des aspects managériaux et ‘sociaux’, et leur mise en relation. Nous cherchons ainsi à contribuer à faire de l’ACV-S un outil analytique qui vise l’amélioration des principaux problèmes dans les chaines d’approvisionnement, en analysant leurs causes profondes. Nos évaluations de produits de SAA, y. c. circuits courts et commerce équitable ‘Nord-Nord’, révèlent des rémunérations trop faibles et des conditions d’emploi précaires dans les fermes, rejetant ainsi notre hypothèse d’une durabilité plus élevée de ces produits, par rapport aux chaines dominantes. Ces faibles performances résulteraient d’une reproduction des mécanismes utilisés par les chaines dominantes (rapports de force déséquilibrés, faible engagement entre les acteurs, prix inéquitables). Ceci tendrait à confirmer notre autre hypothèse selon laquelle la gouvernance des chaines et les modalités de transaction impactent les conditions socioéconomiques des travailleurs au sein de ces chaines, d’où l’intérêt de considérer ces aspects en ACV-S. Aussi, d’autres éléments semblent jouer: la règlementation du travail en vigueur, qui encouragerait les contrats précaires, ou le contexte de marché qui influencerait fortement les prix pratiqués dans les SAA, d’où l’importance de se pencher sur les chaines dominantes pour améliorer la durabilité des produits alimentaires dans leur ensemble. Notre recherche confirme l’applicabilité et la pertinence de nos propositions, qui mériteraient d’autres applications pour une validation et des développements méthodologiques supplémentaires.
Today’s supply chains entail numerous and serious issues, concerning the environment but also regarding people, including communities’ surrounding production activities, final consumers and workers. In order to assess those latter social and socio-economic impacts on people, Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is a tool being currently developed to complement E-LCA, which assesses potential environmental impacts along the life cycle of products and services. This PhD aims to address some of the outstanding methodological challenges faced by S-LCA, with the support of an application on products from Belgian alternative food network (AFNs). The thesis focuses on three related main questions: i) what should S-LCA assess (topics, level of assessment, i.e. company’s practices, impacts on people, other) and ii) how to include impact pathways or cause-effect chains in the analysis, as it is done in E-LCA; iii) how should the assessment be carried out, so that it goes beyond a mere reporting? On the basis of three distinct states-of-the-art (on S-LCA frameworks, studies considering impact pathways and S-LCA studies in the food sector), we put forward and apply specific methodological proposals that argue for i) the use of a participatory approach to select assessment criteria; ii) the use of an impact assessment approach that allows to understand company’s practices rather than their mere reporting, through an articulation of assessment criteria and indicators based on existing theories, including in social sciences. In this regard, the Global commodity chain approach that identify chain governance and value distribution among chain actors as potential stressors or root causes of social and socio-economic problems in supply chains, seems particularly relevant; iii) the use of a nested approach to sustainability in which also economic and governance aspects are taken into account, in addition to managerial and “social” aspects of supply chains, which are usually included. With this work we aim to contribute for S-LCA to become an analytical tool contributing the improvement of main problems in supply chains, e.g. income, employment and working conditions, by analyzing their root causes. Our assessments of products traded under various alternative chains, including short food chains and a local Fair trade chain, reveal low income and poor employment conditions on farms. This rejects our assumption of better social sustainability performances of AFN products, when compared to those of mainstream chains. Those poor performances would originate in the mechanisms used (e.g. unbalanced power relations, low commitment between VCAs, unfair prices), which are similar in mainstream chains. This would tend to confirm our assumption that chain governance and transaction modalities (i.e. business practices of chain actors) impact on socioeconomic conditions of workers in supply chains (or for the social sustainability of products), this is why we think it is of interest to consider those aspects in S-LCA. Also, other, more contextual, elements seem to come into play, such as labor regulations in force, that would encourage the use of non-standard forms of employment, and broader market context that influences AFNs quite strongly, including on prices. This is why it seems also important to work on mainstream food chains to improve overall product sustainability. Our research confirms the applicability and relevance of our methodological proposals, however further applications could be useful for further validation and methodological developments.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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38

Tulpule, Pinak J. "Control and optimization of energy flow in hybrid large scale systems - A microgrid for photovoltaic based PEV charging station." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313522717.

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39

Sternäng, Li. "Ethical and normative reasoning on climate change : Conceptions and solutions among students in a Chinese context." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56033.

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Previous research in environmental education and learning has mainly concerned students’ understanding of natural scientific knowledge, whereas research on the influence of other knowledge in learning environmental issues is marginal. Also, the interest in most studies investigating students’ natural scientific knowledge has been to capture constraints in students’ understanding, hence investigations of students’ meaning making are rare. The main objective of this thesis was to explore individual students’ reasoning regarding climate change, and the influence of knowledge on their reasoning. In Study I, students’ conceptions of the enhanced greenhouse effect (EGHE) were investigated. The results showed that students incorporated different pieces of information from different problem areas into the conceptualization of the EGHE. Setting up causal links between diversely different pieces of information seems to be a way to make meaning, and thus a necessary step in the learning process. Study II is an investigation of students’ solutions to climate change. The results indicated that students contextualized problems and solutions by addressing the individual(s), where the individual(s) was either “myself” or “someone else”. The different notions of the individual(s) became crucial as the students’ views of the environment, as well as society, changed according to the different contexts. To further study students’ conceptions of “me” and “others”, Study III examined students’ conceptualized solutions to the dilemma between economic development and mitigating climate change. The findings suggested that students’ conceptualized nature as a “box” of resources, and that economic development would sustain and improve nature. Therefore, the dilemma between economic development and mitigating climate change or dealing with environmental problems did not exist. Results from all three studies were discussed with respect to theoretical implications.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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40

Moran, Madeline Elyse. "An environmental and cost comparison between polypropylene plastic drinking straws and a "greener" alternative: An Oberlin case study." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1526393902586631.

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41

Reese, William Benjamin. "Towards Affordable American Medicine: An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Healthcare Expenditures in Developed Nations and a Prescriptive Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Potential Policy Alternatives." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors1366932593.

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42

Rodjom, Abbey Michaella. "Coproduction of Biomass Crops and Anaerobic Digestion: Effects on the Life Cycle Emissions of Bioenergy and Bioproducts." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1610664975665256.

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43

Mansell, Jeremy David. "Draft forest management plan for Cashmere Forest, Port Hills, Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1151.

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Cashmere Forest is currently a production forest comprised of mostly radiata pine (c.85%), Douglas fir (c.5%) and some non plantation areas. The Port Hills Park Trust Board (PHPTB) is interested in purchasing Cashmere Forest for the purpose of creating a public forest park environment where forestry, indigenous biodiversity, recreation and the environment are goals of sustainable management. For this purpose this draft forest management (DFM) plan has been prepared. The preparation of the Cashmere DFM plan comprised three main components: 1. An economic analysis of the current plantation component of Cashmere Forest. 2. Preparation of a draft forest management plan which encompasses the management of plantation and non plantation areas. 3. Preparation of a geographic information system (GIS) for Cashmere Forest. Economic analysis evaluated clearfell, coupe (2 to 5 ha), and a mixture of coupe and continuous canopy management (CCM) as harvesting scenarios. The coupe CCM mix was recommended for implementation primarily as it best suited long term management goals for Cashmere Forest Park while also returning modest value (NPV $561, 966). Normal cashflow analysis was also used to analyse cashflow over the first thirty years of operation from 2007. Under coupe/CCM, accrued profit does not become permanently positive until around 2019 due to initial infrastructure costs. Accrued revenue culminates at around 4 million after 30 years. This figure may drop following implementation of high pruning, alternative growth models and indigenous restoration. The Cashmere DFM plan begins with the 200 year vision which sees a Forest Park ecosystem that achieves production, environmental, ecological and recreational goals appropriate to its Port Hills location. Production forestry is practiced through the selective harvesting of a range of naturally regenerated exotic and restored indigenous species. Landscape, soil and water resources are sustainably managed through the retention of a mixed forest canopy. The forest park has been significantly augmented with indigenous flora and fauna typical of the Port Hills and ecologically significant areas are managed specifically for their indigenous biodiversity. Park recreational users are enjoying ongoing utilisation of a unique Canterbury landscape. Plantation forest management involves coupes of between 2 to 5 ha which will be harvested with cable or ground based systems with areas split approximately 50:50 between the two. Cable harvesting will be carried out with a swing yarder system with ground based operations carried out with track skidders. CCM will be carried out on a trial basis in three compartments. Re-establishment of plantation areas will aim towards occupying around 58% of Cashmere Forest, comprised of areas of radiate pine 65%, radiata pine/eucalypt 24%, Douglas fir/eucalypt 5% and Alternative species 6%. Non plantation areas are identified as either bluff, track or clearing. Within each area there may be one or more vegetation type including tussock grassland, mixed shrubland, rock association and any mixture of the three. It is proposed that the non plantation area will eventually increase to include riparian buffers 31%, restored native 55%, bluff 10% and track 4% areas, reflecting the long term vision of increased native areas in Cashmere Forest. Monitoring of forest operations, restoration, recreation and management progress will be integral to the successful implementation of the Cashmere DFM plan. A database of information will be created to allow periodical reviews of processes and predictions and reconciliation of costs and revenues associated with the management of Cashmere Forest. Periodical reviews will also be undertaken by an independent management advisory group who can liaise with the project manager of Cashmere Forest Park to discuss issues and aid planning and ensure the successful establishment of this unique park resource.

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44

Gerber, Gerhard. "Environmental impact assessment, integrated development planning and the pursuit of sustainable development in South Africa : a critical reflection on the consideration of alternatives." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2401.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Despite our best planning and Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”) efforts we seem to be failing in our pursuit of Sustainable Development. In South Africa we find ourselves confronted with the harsh reality that after 14 years of democracy, more than a decade of compulsory EIA, and 12 years of legislated Integrated Development Planning (“IDP”), poverty remains widespread and persists alongside affluence, while inequalities are also growing. In addition South Africa’s life-supporting ecosystems continue to deteriorate at an alarming rate. Critically reflecting on what is going wrong, it is clear that there is an emergent consensus in the discourse that points towards the inadequate consideration of alternatives. A literature review of the historical development and social construction of the concept of “sustainable development”; a theoretical analysis of sustainable development, planning and EIA; as well as an analysis of the legislative and policy framework for EIA and IDP in South Africa, shows that the consideration of alternatives is the “heart” and “soul” of EIA and IDP, and therefore of the pursuit of sustainable development in South Africa. A content analysis of a sample of EIAs and IDPs undertaken and produced in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, however, indicates that alternatives are not being adequately considered during the current practice of EIA and IDP in South Africa – resulting in only slightly less unsustainable development and a perpetuation of the unsustainable and unjust “business-as-usual” development types and patterns of the past. EIA and IDP can never be, and were never supposed to be completely separate processes. EIAs must be considered within the context to be provided by the sustainable development vision, goals and objectives to be formulated in, and the desired spatial form and pattern of land use to be reflected in an area’s IDP and Spatial Development Frameworks (“SDF”). Properly informed Strategic Environmental Assessment based IDPs and SDFs, refined by Environmental Management Frameworks, should therefore provide the strategic context and decision-making framework for the consideration of need, desirability and alternatives; with the actual and potential socio-economic and ecological impacts of a specific proposal to be considered during the project-level EIA. Project-level EIAs in turn providing “feedback” to the planning processes to ensure reflexivity and continued improvement. The improved integration and convergence of IDP and EIA decision-making methodologies and practice are therefore paramount to the adequate consideration of alternatives and the pursuit of sustainable development in South Africa. While the challenges to be addressed by EIA and IDP in South Africa are complex and ‘wicked’, and the pursuit of sustainable development solutions is therefore also a complex and ongoing process, the need for fundamental alternatives that will lead to drastic and urgent change for the better are, however, just as real. The urgency and importance of the sustainable development challenge for South Africa calls for bold decisions and the search for sustainable alternatives that will deliver urgent and fundamental change for all South Africans. The practice of EIA and IDP should be driven by these realities and reflect the need for urgent and fundamental change.

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Sheets, Johnathon P. "Development of a Biomass-to-Methanol Process Integrating Solid State Anaerobic Digestion and Biological Conversion of Biogas to Methanol." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1493807817862038.

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46

Dewaele, Benoît. "On the performance of hedge funds." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209487.

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This thesis investigates the performance of hedge funds, funds of hedge funds and alternative Ucits together with the determinants of this performance by using new or well-suited econometric techniques. As such, it lies at the frontier of finance and financial econometrics and contributes to both fields. For the sake of clarity, we summarize the main contributions to each field separately.

The contribution of this thesis to the field of financial econometrics is the time-varying style analysis developed in the second chapter. This statistical tool combines the Sharpe analysis with a time-varying coefficient method; thereby, it is taking the best of both worlds.

Sharpe (1992) has developed the idea of “style analysis”, building on the conclusion that a regression taking into account the constraints faced by mutual funds should give a better picture of their holdings. To get an estimate of their holdings, he incorporates, in a standard regression, typical constraints related to the regulation of mutual funds, such as no short-selling and value preservation. He argues that this gives a more realistic picture of their investments and consequently better estimations of their future expected returns.

Unfortunately, in the style analysis, the weights are constrained to be constant. Even if, for funds of hedge funds the weights should also sum up to 1, given their dynamic nature, the constant weights seem more restrictive than for mutual funds. Hence, the econometric literature was lacking a method incorporating the constraints and the possibility for the weights to vary. Motivated by this gap, we develop a method that allows the weights to vary while being constrained to sum up to 1 by combining the Sharpe analysis with a time-varying coefficient model. As the style analysis has proven to be a valuable tool for mutual fund analysis, we believe our approach offers many potential fields of application both for funds of hedge funds and mutual funds.

The contributions of our thesis to the field of finance are numerous.

Firstly, we are the first to offer a comprehensive and exhaustive assessment of the world of FoHFs. Using both a bootstrap analysis and a method that allows dealing with multiple hypothesis tests straightforwardly, we show that after fees, the majority of FoHFs do not channel alpha from single-manager hedge funds and that only very few FoHFs deliver after-fee alpha per se, i.e. on top of the alpha of the hedge fund indices. We conclude that the added value of the vast majority of FoHFs should thus not be expected to come from the selection of the best HFs but from the risk management-monitoring skills and the easy access they provide to the HF universe.

Secondly, despite that the leverage is one of the key features of funds of hedge funds, there was a gap in the understanding of the impact it might have on the investor’s alpha. This was likely due to the quasi-absence of data about leverage and to the fact that literature was lacking a proper tool to implicitly estimate this leverage.

We fill this gap by proposing a theoretical model of fund of hedge fund leverage and alpha where the cost of borrowing is increasing with leverage. In the literature, this is the first model which integrates the rising cost of borrowing in the leverage decision of FoHFs. We use this model to determine the conditions under which the leverage has a negative or a positive impact on investor’s alpha and show that the manager has an incentive to take a leverage that hurts the investor’s alpha. Next, using estimates of the leverages of a sample of FoHFs obtained through the time-varying style analysis, we show that leverage has indeed a negative impact on alphas and appraisal ratios. We argue that this effect may be an explanation for the disappointing alphas delivered by funds of hedge funds and can be interpreted as a potential explanation for the “capacity constraints ” effect. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report and explain this negative relationship between alpha and leverage in the industry.

Thirdly, we show the interest of the time-varying coefficient model in hedge fund performance assessment and selection. Since the literature underlines that manager skills are varying with macro-economic conditions, the alpha should be dynamic. Unfortunately, using ordinary least-squares regressions forces the estimate of the alpha to be constant over the estimation period. The alpha of an OLS regression is thus static whereas the alpha generation process is by nature varying. On the other hand, we argue that the time-varying alpha captures this dynamic behaviour.

As the literature shows that abnormal-return persistence is essentially short-term, we claim that using the quasi-instantaneous detection ability of the time-varying model to determine the abnormal-return should lead to outperforming portfolios. Using a persistence analysis, we check this conjecture and show that contrary to top performers in terms of OLS alpha, the top performers in terms of past time-varying alpha generate superior and significant ex-post performance. Additionally, we contribute to the literature on the topic by showing that persistence exists and can be as long as 3 years. Finally, we use the time-varying analysis to obtain estimates of the expected returns of hedge funds and show that using those estimates in a mean-variance framework leads to better ex-post performance. Therefore, we conclude that in terms of hedge fund performance detection, the time-varying model is superior to the OLS analysis.

Lastly, we investigate the funds that have chosen to adopt the “Alternative UCITS” framework. Contrary to the previous frameworks that were designed for mutual fund managers, this new set of European Union directives can be suited to hedge fund-like strategies. We show that for Ucits funds there is some evidence, although weak, of the added value of offshore experience. On the other hand, we find no evidence of added value in the case of non-offshore experienced managers. Motivated to further refine our results, we separate Ucits with offshore experienced managers into two groups: those with equivalent offshore hedge funds (replicas) and those without (new funds). This time, Ucits with no offshore equivalents show low volatility and a strongly positive alpha. Ucits with offshore equivalents on the other hand bring no added value and, not surprisingly, bear no substantial differences in their risk profile with their paired funds offshore. Therefore, we conclude that offshore experience plays a significant role in creating positive alpha, as long as it translates into real innovations. If the fund is a pure replica, the additional costs brought by the Ucits structure represent a handicap that is hardly compensated. As “Alternative Ucits” have only been scarcely investigated, this paper represents a contribution to the better understanding of those funds.

In summary, this thesis improves the knowledge of the distribution, detection and determinants of the performance in the industry of hedge funds. It also shows that a specific field such as the hedge fund industry can still tell us more about the sources of its performance as long as we can use methodologies in adequacy with their behaviour, uses, constraints and habits. We believe that both our results and the methods we use pave the way for future research questions in this field, and are of the greatest interest for professionals of the industry as well.

Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Macher, Claire. "Productions jointes et mesures de gestion des pêcheries mixtes : application à la pêcherie chalutière langoustinière du golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361589.

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L'utilisation d'engins de pêche peu sélectifs dans un écosystème multi-spécifique et multi-taille engendre la capture de plusieurs catégories désirées ou non désirées, débarquées ou rejetées. Une analyse bioéconomique des processus de production utilisant des engins de pêche peu sélectifs dans le cas de la pêcherie chalutière langoustinière du golfe de Gascogne est présentée dans un premier temps en distinguant une étape de capture et une étape de tri. Nous montrons que toutes les productions ne sont pas jointes. Il existe une certaine maîtrise des productions jointes, essentielle du point de vue de l'aménagement des pêcheries. Un modèle microéconomique de comportement de tri appréhendant les rejets comme la résultante d'une opération de tri permet de discuter les incitations au rejet. Les effets de mesures de limitation des conséquences négatives des productions jointes sont ensuite analysés. L'analyse théorique des enjeux de la sélectivité montre que les bénéfices sociaux de la sélectivité dépendent du niveau d'effort dans la pêcherie et que lorsque la sélectivité n'est pas observable, les pêcheurs ont intérêt individuellement à adopter la technique non sélective. Une analyse coût-bénéfice de scénarios d'amélioration de la sélectivité est ensuite réalisée à partir d'un modèle bioéconomique de simulation appliqué à la pêcherie langoustinière. L'endogénéisation des comportements met en évidence la complémentarité nécessaire entre mesures techniques et mesures de régulation de l'accès. L'exemple de la pêcherie au casier à langoustine de Loch Torridon (Ecosse) permet de discuter les conditions de rentabilité d'un engin de pêche alternatif dont la sélectivité est observable.

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Gregori, Filho Alessandro. "Estudo de viabilidade de investimento em geração de energia elétrica em usinas de açúcar e álcool." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9372.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Gregori Filho.pdf: 2561827 bytes, checksum: 19645e83a9df935dcb0427c283c42bad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-06
The objective of this work is to analyze returns of investments in energy cogeneration plants from bagasse inside sugar cane mills, considering the regulation scenario of the Brazilian electric sector and the implementation costs of this type of project. The results should be able to demonstrate that this kind of investment is very profitable, pointing out the most important variables regarding the return on invested capital analyses. In order to accomplish this dissertation will be used some official information from Aneel releases, interview with sugar cane mill owners and specific bibliography. Moreover, for the valuation analyses techniques of free cash flow (FCF) and CAPM will be used, to determine the minimum return acceptable by the shareholders for this kind of project. Among the contributions of this dissertation the sensibility analyses can be pointed out in order to determine the most important variables that could be used by the Government in order to develop public policies more effective to stimulate this kind of investments'
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a viabilidade dos investimentos para cogeração de energia em usinas de açúcar e álcool levando em consideração o arcabouço regulatório do mercado de energia elétrica brasileiro e os custos deste tipo de investimento. O resultado pretende demonstrar a viabilidade deste tipo de projeto destacando quais as variáveis mais importantes na determinação da rentabilidade do investimento. Para a elaboração deste trabalho serão utilizadas informações publicadas em relatórios oficiais da Aneel, entrevistas com usineiros, pesquisa junto a fornecedores e bibliografia específica. Para a análise de viabilidade econômico-financeira foram utilizadas as técnicas mais difundias de fluxo de caixa livre (FCL), enquanto, para a determinação do custo de capital do acionista foi utilizada a metodologia de CAPM. Dentre as contribuições deste trabalho, pode ser destacada a análise de sensibilidade de determinadas variáveis sobre a rentabilidade dos investimentos de forma a identificar aquelas mais importantes servindo de base para a adoção de políticas públicas focadas no incentivo deste tipo de empreendimento

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49

Defilippi, Filho Luiz Cunali. "Estudo de viabilidade do uso do palhiço para geração de energia na entressafra de uma usina sucroenergética." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10958.

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O setor sucroenergético brasileiro vem se destacando como uma nova opção para a geração de energia elétrica do país de forma renovável e sustentável. Torna-se cada vez mais frequente o uso do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar como fonte adicional de biomassa combustível além do uso tradicional do bagaço. As usinas com centrais termelétricas que comercializam os excedentes de bioeletricidade normalmente operam durante a safra da cana-de-açúcar e ficam paradas durante a entressafra. Este estudo analisa a viabilidade econômica de aproveitar a capacidade ociosa de uma unidade de geração de energia elétrica durante a entressafra, através do estudo de caso de uma usina de cana-de-açúcar na cidade de Iacanga no interior do estado de São Paulo. O trabalho tem como premissa utilizar o palhiço como combustível na safra adicional ao bagaço e armazenar o bagaço para a geração de bioeletricidade na entressafra. Os investimentos necessários para o processamento do palhiço na safra, armazenagem e movimentação do bagaço e custos de operação e manutenção do sistema de geração de energia são apresentados. As análises econômicas do estudo são feitas utilizando os métodos do Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e da Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). São feitas também análises de sensibilidade com os dois principais fatores de impacto à rentabilidade, que são o custo do palhiço posto na usina e o valor da energia elétrica vendida. As análises são apresentadas em três cenários variando o total de dias efetivos de geração na entressafra, sendo de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Os resultados indicam que a geração adicional de energia na entressafra, aproveitando a capacidade ociosa da planta na entressafra, tem um VPL de R$-1,136 milhão, R$ 0,698 milhão e R$ 2,511 milhões e uma TIR de 5,47% a.a., 16,98% a.a. e 25,88% a.a., respectivamente. Esses resultados consideraram o custo do palhiço a R$ 70,00.t-1 e a venda da energia a R$170,00.MWh-1. Conclui-se, assim, que o aproveitamento da capacidade ociosa do parque de geração de energia a partir da biomassa da cana-de-açúcar na entressafra tem potencial e viabilidade econômica conforme: o aumento do seu uso; a disponibilidade de biomassa residual (palhiço) a custos competitivos; e preço de venda da bioeletricidade.
The sugar ethanol industry has emerged as a renewable and sustainable option for electricity generation in Brazil. Besides the more traditional use of bagasse, sugarcane trash has become increasingly frequent as an additional source of biomass fuel. The mills with power plants, which sell surplus bioelectricity, normally operate during harvest season and are idle during the off crop. This study examines the economic feasibility of using the idle capacity of electricity generation units during the off crop, through the case study of a sugarcane mill in Iacanga, São Paulo. The analysis assumes the use of sugarcane trash as additional fuel to bagasse and the storage of the excess of bagasse to generate bioelectriciy in the off crop season. The study presents the necessary investments for processing the trash during the harvest season, for storage and handling of bagasse, and the operation and maintenance costs of the power generation system. The economic analysis are performed using the methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Also, sensitivity analysis is made using the two main factors that impact the profitability: the cost of trash at the plant and the amount of electricity sold. The analysis considers three scenarios varying the total days of effective bioelectricity generation during off crop: 30, 60 and 90 days. The results indicate that the additional power generation during the off crop, taking advantage of the mill’s idle capacity, provide a NPV of R$ -1.14 million, R$ 0.70 million and R$ 2.51 million, respectively, and an IRR of 5.5%, 17.0% and 25.9% per year, considering the cost of trash as R$ 70,00 / ton and the sale of energy as R$ 170.00 MW/h. As conclusion, the study shows thatthe use of the mill’s idle capacity for power generation from the biomass of sugarcane in the off crop season has a good potential and presents economic viability, as its increased use generates competitive biomass waste (trash) and if there is competitive prices in the sale of bioelectricity.

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50

Merlin, Paul. "Des techniques neuronales dans l'alternatif." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450649.

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Cette thèse s'attache à redéfinir des modèles financiers traditionnels en considérant un cadre d'analyse moins restrictif, s'accordant mieux avec les caractéristiques empiriques des fonds alternatifs. Ce cadre élargi, certes plus réaliste, a néanmoins pour principal effet de complexifier les modèles étudiés ; nous choisissons alors d'employer des procédés de calcul naturel pour les simplifier. Dans le premier chapitre de la thèse, nous répondons à une problématique générale qui concerne l'étape essentielle du traitement des données. Nous proposons ainsi une nouvelle approche de la complétion des valeurs manquantes, autorisant une meilleure prise en compte des dépendances inter-actifs. Nous montrons dans le deuxième chapitre comment intégrer des moments d'ordre supérieur dans les modèles d'allocation. Une technique d'optimisation définie à partir des fonctions dites de pénurie nous permet de résoudre les problèmes d'optimisation dans l'espace non-convexe des quatre premiers moments de la distribution de rendements des portefeuilles optimisés. Le troisième chapitre s'attache à évaluer l'impact des données aberrantes sur les modèles d'allocation d'actifs intégrant les moments d'ordre supérieur. Un réseau de neurones modélisant la volatilité nous permet d'étendre les travaux de Chen et Liu (1993). Nous terminons cette thèse avec le quatrième chapitre en proposant un modèle d'analyse de style défini à partir de cartes de Kohonen. Le lien entre les facteurs de style traditionnels et les neurones de la carte est effectué au moyen d'une analyse conditionnelle. Une projection dynamique des fonds autorise ainsi l'étude de la stabilité des styles des gérants d'actifs.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analisi economica alternativa'

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