Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Análisis no lineal geométrico'
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Flores, Fernando Gabriel. "Análisis no lineal geométrico y estabilidad elástica de láminas de revolución mediante elementos finitos con aplicaciones a recipientes de presión." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/1259.
Full textPresenta una extensión de la teoría de estabilidad elástica de sistemas discretos. Detalla una formulación general del método de elementos finitos. Indica el comportamiento crítico y poscrítico bajo presión externa de cilindros, domos y conos y sus combinaciones
Merli, Gisbert Rafael. "Formulación de un modelo de Mecánica Molecular aplicado al comportamiento estructural de nanotubos de carbono." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/30245.
Full textMerli Gisbert, R. (2013). Formulación de un modelo de Mecánica Molecular aplicado al comportamiento estructural de nanotubos de carbono [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/30245
TESIS
Ojeda, Barrionuevo Jean Paul, and Pizarro Juan Américo López. "Desempeño sísmico de una edificación de concreto armado dual mediante el análisis no lineal en el tiempo ubicado en el distrito de Lince, departamento de Lima-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655183.
Full textThe subject of this research deals with the seismic performance of a building in Lima applying the non-linear dynamic analysis "Time History". Therefore, the hypothesis states that the seismic performance of a building intended for housing in the city of Lima due to a moderate and severe earthquake, complies with the provisions of the Peruvian Seismic E-030 Standard regarding its objectives of structural and non-structural damage. the non-collapse respectively, if the performance points obtained when comparing the Capacity curve with the Demand curve of the E-030 Standard are within the performance range established according to the code of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Consequently, the investigation is divided into 5 chapters. In the first one, the description of the structure to be analyzed is presented, which covers its architectural and structural characteristics. In the second, a series of fundamental concepts embodied in the theoretical framework is exposed to understand the seismic performance and everything related to this analysis. In the third and fourth, the evaluation of the seismic performance is performed applying the dynamic nonlinear analysis Time History. Finally, it will be verified if the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete building in the city of Lima complies or not with the objectives of the Peruvian Seismic Standard E-030 2019.
Tesis
Cherem, Marcello. "Contribuição ao estudo dos pilares com seção transversal em formato geométrico de \'L\' considerando a não-linearidade física e geométrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-23052011-113436/.
Full textThe columns of buildings are always subject to oblique bending. This study compares, in geometric L shaped cross sections, the results obtained using two calculation methods: a) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, the actual curvatures obtained from moment-curvature relationships of each section are used, calculating the second-order effects considering the oblique bending; b) Numerical integration in which, for each principal direction, a secant stiffness is used, obtained from the moments resistances of ULS, calculating the second-order effects ignoring the orthogonal direction. 2.248 cross sections were analyzed. Each one was solicited in 192 different ways. The conclusion is that the procedure described in item b can be safely used, provided a secant stiffness reduced to 10% is used.
Marques, Severino Pereira Cavalcanti. "Análise não linear física e geométrica de pórticos espaciais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1376.
Full textAn incramental-iterative formulation for the nonlinear analysis of space frames ia presented. Nonlinear effects due to the changes in the geometrical configuration of the structure and also the combination of these effects with those due to the plastic behavior af the material are considered. The kinematics relations employed allow the consideration of arbitrarily large displacements with small strains. The plastic behavior of the elements is modeled using the plastic hinge concept, based on a generalized yield criterion. A geometrical stiffness matrix based on semitangential moments is adopted. For elements with plastic hinges at their ends, a elastic-plastic stiffness matrix is derived. An incremental-iterative numerical method is employed which uses the condition of constant work increment to determine the increments of load (Work Cantrol Method). The analysis allows a complete description of the structural response both in the pre and post-critical stages, even in situations in which displacements increase with decreasing loads or vice versa. The formulation was implemented into a computational code in FORTRAN language. Sevoral examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the procedures proposed.
Sampaio, Maria do Socorro Martins. "Análise não linear geométrica de cascas laminadas reforçadas com fibras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-14032014-153137/.
Full textIn general, the Finite Element (FE) formulations available in the literature for the analysis of fibre reinforced laminated shells replace the original heterogeneous medium by an equivalent homogeneous one, which makes difficult the identification of fiber-matrix stress distribution, or require that the finite element mesh is arranged in a way that the fibre finite element nodes coincide with the shell finite element ones, which is a very restrictive requirement and increases the number of degrees of freedom of the resulting system of equations. In this sense, the objective of this thesis is to develop a formulation for the inclusion of long and random short fibres in any layer of FE laminated anisotropic shells developing large displacement and rotations without increasing the number of degrees of freedom and the necessity of matching nodes in the discretization of the fibre and the matrix. In this formulation, the triangular laminated shell finite element used to discretize the matrix has ten nodes and seven degrees of freedom per node, that are, three translations, three components of a generalized vector and the linear rate of strain variation along the thickness. The curved fibres, long or random short, are introduced in any layer of the laminate shell by means of kinematic relation to ensure its adherence to the matrix without introducing new degrees of freedom in the resulting system of equations. To discretize them, any order one-dimensional finite elements with three degrees of freedom per node are used. These fibres elements are consistently considered by Geometric nonlinearity. All involved variables are written with respect to the initial configuration of the body, characterizing the Total Lagrangian description. To model the behavior of the material we use the Saint-VenantKirchhoff Constitutive Law that relates linearly the second Piolla-Kirchhoff stress tensor and Green-Lagrange strain tensor. The equilibrium is achieved from the Principle of Minimum Potential Energy and the non-linear system of equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. External loads may be introduced to the system by one or various steps and the contribution of fibres to the energy of the system is added to the global matrix of the problem. The numerical examples validate and demonstrate the potential of the proposed formulation.
Mororó, Luiz Antônio Taumaturgo. "Análise não linear geométrica de vigas laminadas de parede fina." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11683.
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The use of thin walled laminate beams in Aeronautical, Civil, Mechanical and Naval Enginee- ring is increasing in the last years. This is due to their high stiffness/weight and strength/weight ratios. Composite beams and other structural elements tend to have thin walls due to the elevated strength of the material. Other important aspect is that, even without reaching large strains and without overcoming the elastic limit of the material, such beams present geometric nonlinear behavior due to high their slenderness, leading to large displacements and rotations. Depen- ding on the composite layup, the beams of composite materials can present several couplings between generalized stresses and strains, requiring a more complex analysis procedure when compared to isotropic beams. In this work, two three-dimensional space frame finite elements that can be used to analyze composite thin-walled beams subjected to geometric non-linearity were developed. The cross-section properties of the beams are evaluated through suitable thin walled beam theories, where the effects of the warping and transverse shear are neglected. Such theories yield a 4x4 constitutive matrix for the laminate and different levels of coupling between generalized stresses and strains can be considered. Depending of such couplings, the constitu- tive matrix can either be full or diagonal. The element independent corotational approach was used in order to consider large displacaments and rigid body rotations in space. In the local coordinate system, two elements are used, one based on the linear strain theory and the other on the Total Lagrangian formulation. The mathematical treatment of the large rotations in the space is performed by means of the rotation tensor (Rodrigues’s formula) in conjunction with the concept of the pseudovector. The computational implementations of the two finite elements proposed in this work were done in the open source software FAST ( Finite Element Analysis Tool ). The methodology used follows the classical steps used in computational methods, in- cluding formulation, implementation, verification and validation of results. Such verification is accomplished through shell and solid three-dimensional finite element models developed in the ABAQUS commercial software. The validation is performed by means of comparison with the experimental results found in literature. Regarding the evaluation of cross-sectional properties, one can observe a good agreement between the laminated beam theories adopted in this work and numerical and experimental results for all composite layups and load conditions conside- red. In the case of space frame elements, a good agreement is obtained between the results of finite elements proposed in this work and the analytical and computational results available in the literature. It is also observed that the element based on the Lagrangian formulation is more efficient than the element based on the linear theory regarding the ability to provide a satisfatory response with a less refined mesh
A utilização de vigas laminadas de parede fina nas Engenharias Aeronáutica, Civil, Mecânica e Naval tem crescido bastante nos últimos anos, devido a suas elevadas relações rigidez/peso e resistência/peso. Esses elementos estruturais normalmente apresentam paredes finas devido à alta resistência dos materiais compósitos. Outra característica importante é que, mesmo sem apresentar grandes deformações e sem que o limite elástico do material seja ultrapassado, estas vigas apresentam comportamento não linear geométrico devido à sua elevada esbeltez, acarretando em grandes deslocamentos e rotações. Dependendo da laminação utilizada, as vigas de materiais compósitos podem apresentar diversos acoplamentos entre esforços e deformações, tornando a sua análise bem mais complexa do que a análise de vigas de material isotrópico. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos dois elementos finitos de pórtico espacial para análise não linear geométrica de vigas laminadas de parede fina. As propriedades seccionais da viga são avaliadas através de teorias de vigas laminadas de parede fina apropriadas, em que desprezam-se os efeitos do empenamento e do cisalhamento transversal. Tais teorias de vigas laminadas conduzem a uma matriz constitutiva 4x4, onde diferentes níveis de acoplamento entre esforços e deformações de viga são considerados, por exemplo, pode-se obter uma matriz constitutiva diagonal ou cheia. A abordagem corrotacional independente do elemento é utilizada para o tratamento de grandes deslocamentos e rotações de corpo rígido no espaço. No âmbito local, são utilizados dois elementos, um baseado na teoria linear e outro na descrição Lagrangeana Total. O tratamento matemático das grandes rotações no espaço é realizado por meio do tensor das rotações (fórmula de Rodrigues), juntamente com o conceito do pseudovetor. As implementações dos elementos finitos propostos neste trabalho são realizadas no software de código aberto FAST. A metodologia de trabalho segue o roteiro clássico de métodos computacionais, incluindo formulação, implementação, verificação e validação dos resultados. A verificação é realizada através dos modelos tridimensionais de elementos finitos de casca e sólido desenvolvidos no software comercial ABAQUS. A validação é realizada por meio da comparação com resultados de ensaios experimentais encontrados na literatura. No que diz respeito à avaliação das propriedades seccionais, pode-se verificar uma ótima concordância entre as teorias de vigas laminadas adotadas neste trabalho e os resultados numéricos e de ensaios experimentais, para todas as laminações e carregamentos considerados. No caso dos elementos de pórtico espacial, verificou-se uma ótima concordância entre os resultados dos elementos finitos propostos neste trabalho e os resultados analíticos e computacionais disponíveis na literatura. Observa-se também que o elemento baseado na descrição Lagrangeana é mais eficiente do que o elemento baseado na teoria linear no que tange à capacidade de apresentar uma resposta satisfatória com uma malha menos refinada
Solé, Marzo Josep Ramón. "Análisis no lineal de placas de hormigón postesado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405989.
Full textSe propone un modelo de cálculo inédito para losas de hormigón postesado basado en la teoría general de análisis de placas delgadas, mediante el método de los elementos finitos, teniendo en cuenta la degradación de las secciones más solicitadas de las losas, las cuales quedan normalmente localizadas sobre sus soportes. El objetivo principal del modelo es revisar la cantidad de refuerzos pasivos que se requieren en la construcción de las losas postesadas en las zonas de ábaco (sobre los soportes), con la idea primera de identificar ahorros. Aunque la base de la cuestión tratada es el problema de placas, se considera al mismo tiempo el problema de cáscara o de membrana que plantea el propio efecto del postesado, especialmente cuando se estudia la forma de degradación de las secciones críticas o más solicitadas. La consideración de la referida degradación de las secciones deriva en la pérdida de proporcionalidad en la relación entre acción y respuesta o, dicho de otra forma, en la no linealidad del problema. La no linealidad de una losa postesada, cuando se acepta un nivel de solicitación mayor que un cálculo convencional, presenta unas características muy particulares, las cuales se estudian y presentan en la tesis propuesta. Dichas características condicionan la forma de análisis de las losas, cuando se busca una respuesta más precisa. El modelo propuesto parte de un procedimiento de cálculo iterativo muy extendido en el análisis no lineal de problemas estructurales de diversa naturaleza que, convenientemente adaptado, permite el estudio específico de las losas postesadas incluyendo los efectos particulares de degradación de sus secciones. El planteamiento conlleva, pues, un estudio detallado de la evolución del comportamiento de las secciones de hormigón postesado, desde el inicio de su servicio hasta su rotura. Una vez validados los procedimientos propuestos, mediante los correspondientes problemas de contraste y los debidos análisis, se procede al estudio de tres problemas representativos de las situaciones que de forma más extendida se resuelven con las postesadas en la edificación. El estudio de estos casos se desarrolla de forma muy detallada, controlando tanto la evolución de sus deformaciones como la evolución de las tensiones de todo tipo que presenta una estructura laminar, como es, a la postre, una losa postesada. Con el soporte de este modelo se demuestra, preliminarmente y de forma exclusivamente analítica, que parece posible proyectar o revisar las losas postesadas moderando sustancialmente la cantidad de acero requerido en las regiones más comprometidas del problema, sin que se identifiquen grandes problemas, si bien es cierto que otros aspectos deben ser estudiados en trabajos posteriores para poder extender los conceptos propuestos en la tesis a la práctica profesional diaria. En la parte final del trabajo, se comparan las soluciones obtenidas en el estudio de los casos considerados como representativos con las que se obtendrían en un cálculo o procedimiento profesional al uso, quedando claro que los ahorros de en la cantidad de refuerzo pasivo a emplear sobre los soportes pueden quedar fácilmente entre el 35% y el 50%. La metodología seguida podría resultar de extrema utilidad en la revisión de edificios ya construidos, por ejemplo, por razón de necesitar un incremento de carga por cambio de uso o por la causa que fuere. En estos casos, la complejidad y el coste de un cálculo no lineal como el propuesto queda muy por debajo del coste del eventual refuerzo del edificio de turno, al menos, si éste está acabado y en plena utilización.
Seguí, Colomar Juan Miguel. "Análisis geométrico y astronómica en la Catedral de Chartres." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460817.
Full textEl primer resultado principal de este trabajo lo enunciamos de la siguiente manera: La determinación arquitectónica del Laberinto, el Crucero, el Ábside, la Girola y el Rosetón de la fachada principal de la Catedral de Chartres, sigue fielmente el patrón astronómico del catasterismo milenario de la deidad egipcia Isis = Notre-Dame. Más concretamente, vemos que: Existe una correlación lineal entre la configuración estelar de las declinaciones del catasterismo de la deidad Isis –Elthor, Spica, Isis, Sirio y Adhara de las constelaciones de Tauro, Virgo y Can Mayor–, en la época astronómica J1200.0 de la construcción de la Catedral de Chartres, y las declinaciones del diseño constructivo de la catedral con probabilidad 1-k=0.9994 y coeficiente de correlación de Pearson Rpq=0.99. Esta correlación lineal hace que las declinaciones generadas por los parámetros constructivos de la Catedral de Chartres sean explicadas casi en su totalidad, al 98% por las declinaciones estelares de Isis. La probabilidad de que tal coincidencia de configuraciones celestes no sea un resultado aleatorio, o sea la probabilidad de que el resultado no se haya producido por un simple azar no atribuible al diseñador de Chartres es F=0.9999997. Esta correlación, no ocurrió un solo día, si no que ocurría cada día a lo largo de los 32 años iniciales de la construcción de la Catedral, a causa del lento movimiento estelar propio y de precesión del eje terrestre. El segundo resultado principal lo enunciamos así: El centro del Laberinto y del Rosetón de la fachada principal de la Catedral de Chartres estuvieron alineados con la estrella central Elthor de la constelación de Tauro la cual es catasterismo de Isis = Notre-Dame; fue la alineación con total precisión y además cubría la constelación, en su trayectoria diaria, completamente al Laberinto.
The firt main result of this work can be estated as follows: The architectural setting of the Labyrinth, the Transept, the Apse, The Ambulatory and the Rose window of the main facade of the Chartres Catedral are defined following the astronomical pattern of the millenary Catasterismi of the egyptian God Isis and Notre-Dame. In particular, we can see that a linear correlation exists between the stars configuration of the declinations of Isis deity catasterismi –Elthor, Spica, Isis, Sirio and Adhara from the constellations of Tauro, Virgo and Canis Maior– in astronomical time J1200.0, when Chartres Catedral was build, and the declinations of the design of the cathedral with probability 1-k=0.9994 and coefficient of correlation of Pearson Rpq=0.99. This linear correlation makes that the declinations produced by the building parameters of the Chartres cathedral can be explained nearly entirety 98%, by the Isis star declinations. The probability of this celestial configuration not being a random result or something left up to fate by the designer of Chartres is F=0.9999997. This correlation was not happening in one single day, but occurred every day during the first 32 years of construction of the Catedral, due to the own stars movement and the axial precession movement of the earth. The second main result can be stated as: The center of the Labyrinth and the Rose window of the main facade of the Chartres catedral were lined up with the central star Elthor from the Tauro constellation, which is an Isis=Notre-Dame catasterismi. This alignement occurred with total accuracy and the whole constellation covered, on its daily trajectory, completely the Labyrinth.
Reis, Marcelo Campos Junqueira. "Análise não linear geométrica de pórticos planos considerando ligações semirrígidas elastoplásticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-06082012-082337/.
Full textThis work presents a technique to consider elastoplastic semi-rigid connections for geometric nonlinear analysis of plane frames. The connections were considered semi-rigid with elastoplastic behavior and modeled by The Finite Element Method (FEM). This technique was coupled to AcadFrame program, based on the Finite Element Method for geometric nonlinear analysis of plane frames and trusses flat. The numerical coupling is made by an algebraic formulation where, at each iteration of the Newton-Raphson process, the connections stiffness matrix and elastoplastic internal forces of are added to the Hessian matrix and the internal force vector of the structure. Concepts of linear and tensor algebra, non-linear strain, stress, variational principles and numerical methods are needed for this purpose. Several examples with semi-rigid connections are solved to verify the proosed formulation and performed implementations. This study allows geometric nonlinear analysis of plane frames considering elastoplastic semi-rigid connections, as steel and precast concrete structures.
Subiabre, Sánchez Felipe Ignacio. "Fenómenos de concentración en geometría y análisis no lineal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116846.
Full textEl trabajo presentado en esta memoria se sitúa en la interfaz entre el análisis y la geometría. El interés recae en el estudio de fenómenos de concentración para dos problemas "geométricos" no lineales: la existencia de hipersuperficies con r-curvatura constante en variedades Riemannianas, y una ecuación de Schrödinger no lineal. Esta memoria se puede dividir en dos partes principales. La primera está dedicada a explorar algunos resultados sobre concentración de familias de hipersuperficies de curvatura media constante (o en general curvatura r-media constante) con topología no trivial en variedades Riemannianas compactas. Se recuerda que la curvatura r-media de una hipersuperficie se define como la r-ésima función simétrica elemental de las curvaturas principales de la hipersuperficie. Se prueba que las técnicas desarrolladas en el trabajo de Mahmoudi, Mazzeo y Pacard se pueden extender para manejar el caso de curvatura r-media con r>=1. Este fenómeno de concentración se relaciona en general con un fenómeno de resonancia, que hace el análisis particularmente delicado y que también se encuentra en el estudio de una clase de ecuaciones elípticas no lineales que presentan concentración sobre conjuntos de dimensión mayor. En la segunda parte, correspondiente al paper presentado, se prueba un nuevo resultado sobre concentración en subvariedades para una ecuación de Schrödinger no lineal con potencial definido en una variedad Riemanniana suave y compacta M o el espacio Euclídeo R^n, resolviendo en completa generalidad una conjetura planteada por Ambrosetti, Malchiodi y Ni. Precisamente, se estudian soluciones positivas de la siguiente ecuación semilineal: $$\e^2\Delta_{\bar g} u - V(z)u + u^{p} =0 en M,$$ donde (M,g) es una variedad Riemanniana n-dimensional suave, compacta y sin borde o el espacio Euclídeo R^n, e es un parámetro positivo pequeño, p>1 y V es un potencial uniformemente positivo. Se prueba que dado k=1,...,n-1 y 1
Avendaño, Quiroz Johnny Robert. "La Ecuación lineal de Schrödinger : un estudio numérico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/760.
Full textTesis
Gelatti, Flavia. "Análise não linear física e geométrica de pórticos planos de concreto armado." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/96321.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da análise não linear física e geométrica de pórticos planos de concreto armado. As análises são realizadas por meio do programa ANALEST, que utiliza um modelo não linear em que as estruturas são modeladas por elementos finitos de barra. Cada elemento possui três nós e um total de sete graus de liberdade, sendo o terceiro nó interno com apenas deslocamento axial. A formulação dos elementos baseia-se na teoria de viga de Euler-Bernoulli, na qual a deformação por cisalhamento é desprezada. A não linearidade física é considerada ao longo do elemento e da seção, dividida em lamelas, admitindo-se que cada lamela está sob estado uniaxial de tensões, utilizando-se leis constitutivas não lineares para o concreto e armaduras de aço. A não linearidade geométrica segue a Formulação Lagrangeana Total. São analisados pórticos de 1 a 16 pavimentos, com diferentes características geométricas - altura de pavimento, número de vãos, e diferentes propriedades dos materiais. Inicialmente, são feitos alguns estudos de modelagem para cada pórtico, investigando-se alguns parâmetros, modelos constitutivos e a estabilidade numérica de algoritmos de solução de equações não lineares. O programa ANALEST é em seguida validado comparando-se seus resultados com os de modelos/programas de outros autores. Investiga-se também a influência das não linearidades (física e geométrica), consideradas isoladamente e combinadas, e são traçados mapas de evolução da não linearidade física de cada pórtico. Finalmente o modelo não linear do ANALEST é comparado a um modelo que considera a não linearidade física de forma simplificada, utilizando-se o programa SAP2000. Com base nos resultados dos estudos, são extraídas conclusões acerca do tema e algumas recomendações para trabalhos futuros
Díaz, Hernández Gabriel. "Análisis de resonancia portuaria: generación, transitoriedad, no linealidad y acoplamiento geométrico." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10618.
Full textThis Thesis is dedicated to study the hydrodynamic processes associated to the harbour resonance phenomena. The study was focused to the characterization of the transient, non-linear, and coupled effects associated to the forcing mechanisms and to the response of the oscillations outside and inside the harbour facilities. The aim of this thesis was divided into tree main branches: 1) increase the harbour resonance phenomena knowledge; 2) improve the capacity to reproduce the phenomena through the implementation of an advanced finite-element numerical model, based on the modified Boussinesq equations Nwogu (1993), Liu & Woo (2004); and 3) Integrate the different techniques and tools into a methodology, able to improve the approximation of any future harbour resonance study. For these, first a spectral analysis has been developed to characterize the infragravity waves at the entrance of short wave field data, second an extensive laboratory campaign was proposed for different degrees of non-linearity and coupled resonance oscillations, and third the numerical model was validated with the laboratory data, as well as data measured in two real harbours, for both atmospheric long wave and bound long wave acting as forcing mechanism, obtaining excellent correlations.
Mendoza, Pinto Lizeth Mayra. "Regresión lineal con datos censurados por intervalos." Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Programa Cybertesis BOLIVIA, 2008. http://www.cybertesis.umsa.bo:8080/umsa/2008/mendoza_pl/html/index-frames.html.
Full textSilva, Wagner Queiroz. "Análise não linear geométrica do acoplamento solo-estrutura através da combinação MEC-MEF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-10032010-104324/.
Full textThis work presents an alternative coupling of the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) to create a computer program for non linear geometric analysis of frames coupled to continuous domains, applied to soil-structure interaction. A linear elastic behavior is considered for the soil, modeled by BEM. An alternative formulation is adopted for the classic sub-region technique, allowing the consideration of multiple inclusions and load lines inside the soil domain. The BEM computational code is coupled to the AcadFrame software, based on positional FEM for non linear geometric analysis of frames, considering exact kinematics. The numerical coupling is made by an algebraic formulation where the soil stiffness matrix and contact forces are condensed and added to the structure matrix and internal forces for each iteration on Newton-Raphson process. On both programs it is adopted a generalization of the element degree assuming the Lagrange polynomials, which allows the use of curved high order elements. It was also implemented the least square method in order to obtains better and smoother results of surface forces in the contact interface. The obtained results are satisfactory and prove the formulation efficiency. The program allows the analysis of buildings supported by layered soils with multiples inclusions and load lines. It considers directly supported elements over the soil (footing foundations, radies) and internal elements in any direction, like vertical and diagonal piles. It can also consider piles going through different layers of the soil. This formulation can be applied to other elastic problems like coupling between mechanic pieces and composite material analysis.
Delgadillo, Alanya Julio Edwin. "Análisis no lineal estático de estructuras y la norma e-030." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2005. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2005/delgadillo_ae/html/index-frames.html.
Full textThe prime objetive of the thesis is to observer the effectiveness of the Pushover Static Non Linear Analysis which introduces the ATC-40 and FEMA-356, used jointly with the seismic demand which is provided by the Peruvian Seismic Design Standard E-030, to obtain and evaluate the level of damage produced in the elements by means of supervising the deformations (rotations ands displacement) in el performance level of the structure and then proceed with the verification of local acceptation limits given by the ATC-40 and FEMA-356. Another fundamental goal of this thesis is to show how the Pushover Static Non Linear Analysis is a method that finds the “weak” zones of a structure and from then on, take the necessary steps. To fulfill this objetive, we take for example a five story building with floor irregularities, destined to be apartments. The design of the structure and other possible deficiences that could be found are responsibility of the author of this thesis. The present job doesn’t pretend nor question the actual Seismic Design Standard E-030, on the contrary, we took this present job as a reference to find the Seismic Demand that was used in the pushover study. The author of this thesis adjoined a FORTRAN language program, and it serves to find the capacity curve of regular structures in floors and elevation, idealizing the structure as a group of bent parallel plans. Likewise, a small program to find the rotation- moment graphic of a section de armed concrete is also introduced, which serves as a very useful tool for modeling the behavior of all the elements of the example presented herein
Gálvez, Chunas Víctor Adolfo. "Evaluación del desempeño sismorresistente usando análisis no lineal en el tiempo." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2011. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1099.
Full textTesis
Santis, Álvarez Andrés Cristian. "Análisis Térmico No Lineal en Perfiles de Acero Expuestos a Incendio." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104171.
Full textJorge, Ponce Xamir, and Sinchi Kurt Walter Soncco. "Modelamiento no lineal geométrico de vigas utilizando la teoría mejorada de primer orden mediante el método de elementos finitos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625795.
Full textThe computational modeling of structural elements can be done in many different computational programs in the market today, that are based in concepts and theories of structural mechanics that are inside the code of the program. However, the concepts used in these programs do not always achieve an exact description of the structural behavior of structural elements, especially when it has no linear strain-displacement behavior. Therefore, this research describes a computational model of nonlinear strain-displacement relation of beams, based in a program designed in MATLAB©, using a finite element formulation. For the development of the code, it has presented the Timoshenko beam theory, where it has considerations shear deformations in beams, and a Lagrangian formulation for the strain-displacement relation for finite deformation. It has done comparison between the displacement of Timoshenko theory and the classic theory (Euler formulation), to verify the convergence of more robust and explicit theories in different cases of beams. This program is capable of calculate of displacements, stresses and internal forces of different beam problems, which has been compared with benchmark problems of the consulted bibliography for convergence check.
Tesis
Siqueira, Tiago Morkis. "Análise dinâmica não linear geométrica de estruturas e mecanismos reticulados planos com ligações deslizantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-02032016-104021/.
Full textA total lagrangian finite element method formulation is developed for the dynamic analysis of plane frame structures and mechanisms containing sliding joints that undergoes large displacements and rotations. Those connections are introduced in the mechanical system as prismatic and cylindrical joints by the method of Lagrange multipliers, allowing its use on the simulation of several types of structures and mechanisms. Hinges between bars are also considered by kinematic compatibility of the degrees of freedom on the common node. The adopted finite element formulation uses as nodal parameters uncoupled positions and angles. Therefore, Reissner exact kinematics for bars can be utilized for structural finite deformation. The Saint-Venant-Kirchhoff constitutive model, which relates the objective Green-Lagrange strain measure with the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor, is adopted. The principle of stationary total energy is used to obtain the dynamic nonlinear equilibrium of the system and the solution of the resulting nonlinear system of equations is done by the Newton-Raphson method. The Newmark method is adopted for time integration. Several examples are presented for the validation of the developed formulation, and those are compared with analytical solutions in order to clarify the possibilities of application of the proposed formulation.
Rodrigues, Rogério de Oliveira. "Análise dinâmica bidimensional não-linear física e geométrica de treliças de aço e pórticos de concreto armado." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-21032018-090933/.
Full textThis work deals with the two-dimensional dynamic analysis of steel trusses and reinforced concrete frames. The physical non-linear effects of these materials as well as the geometrical non-linearity of such structures are studied. In this context, a general equation that describes the behaviour of structures approximated by finite elements is defined, using the Virtual Works Principle for structures in movement. In order to integrate this differential equation along the time an implicit procedure is adopted based on the predictor-corrector process taking into account the Newmark\'s generalised equations. For the geometrical non-linear analysis, the deformation field is defined by assuming displacements approximated along each finite element by quadratic shape functions. All terms resulting from that assumption are taken into account for the plane trusses, while for plane frame, terms representing higher order products are neglected. In order to describe the equilibrium position of the structural system, during the numeric integration process, the updated Lagrangean formulation is used to give the secant and tangent incremental stiffness matrices. Regarding the steel non-linear physical behaviour, a numerical procedure is achieved based on a bilinear stress-strain curve that is able to describe kinematic, isotropic and independent responses. For the reinforced concrete physical non-linear behaviour the well known CEB and ACI models were taken to derive and implement the numeric process. In this case, the moment of inertia is corrected according to the element level of cracking. These models also consider the material behaviour when cyclic loads are applied causing stress sign inversion. Finally, numeric examples are presented to illustrate the quality and accuracy of obtained results.
Sáez, Riquelme Beatriz. "Iglesias Salón Valencianas del XVIII. Levantamiento gráfico, análisis geométrico y constructivo, patología común." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298717.
Full textEste trabajo se enmarca dentro de las investigaciones para la salvaguarda y puesta en valor del patrimonio arquitectónico. Su objetivo es el estudio arquitectónico-constructivo del tipo denominado iglesias salón, columnarias o "hallenkirchen", a través de los casos construidos durante el siglo XVIII en el Reino de Valencia. Se han catalogado diecisiete templos formando un conjunto acotado geográfica y cronológicamente, su mayoría en la provincia de Castellón, y segunda mitad de la citada centuria. Entre estos templos se han se encuentran tanto ermitas, como iglesias parroquiales e incluso una arciprestal. Estas habían sido estudiadas desde la disciplina de la Historia, pero no desde el ámbito arquitectónico, siendo ésta la principal aportación de la investigación, que contempla el levantamiento de planos y su análisis gráfico y metrológico, la descripción y el análisis de su sistema constructivo, así como la evaluación de su patología, analizando de manera conjunta aquella que podría devenir del tipo. De forma paralela se ha establecido la comparación entre la obra ejecutada y los tratados arquitectónicos de mayor influencia en la época, tanto en el campo gráfico como en el constructivo.
Aunque en conjunto se trata de un estudio de casos realizado a través de una investigación cualitativa, dada la disparidad de temas tratados ha sido necesaria la aplicación de una metodología específica para cada uno de los apartados desarrollados: de representación y análisis gráfico, de inspección, de análisis constructivo, estructural y patológico de edificios históricos.
La tesis se descompone en cuatro grandes bloques: Introducción, Catálogo, Comparación y conclusiones, y Anexos. Del primero es de destacar la definición del tipo a través de los planos originales vinculados con los templos objeto de estudio y sus predecesores dentro de la Comunidad Valenciana. En el segundo se analizan de manera pormenorizada las características constructivas de cada uno de los edificios, descubriendo un interesante repertorio de soluciones constructivas entre las que destacan las bóvedas tabicadas .Se aportan sus planos de planta y secciones realizados con exhaustiva minuciosidad y se analiza su geometría y su distribución además de recopilar sus datos históricos relativos a su cronología, autoría y construcción, debiéndose subrayar la aportación de los datos relacionados con intervenciones relativamente recientes, cuyas autorías permanecían hasta la fecha en el anonimato. En el tercero se establece la relación entre los tres hitos más importantes: el gráfico, el constructivo y el patológico, aportándose de manera puntual, mediante estática gráfica, el análisis estructural de uno de los templos, para concluir con aquellos factores comunes al tipo estudiado y aquellos que puedan ser particulares de cada uno de los casos. Por último se presenta un dossier de terminología específica y unas fichas resumen de cada uno de los templos.
Mamani, Villca Nestor Saturnino. "Análisis, simulación y control del generador de inducción autoexcitado." Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Programa Cybertesis BOLIVIA, 2011. http://www.cybertesis.umsa.bo:8080/umsa/2011/mamani_vs/html/index-frames.html.
Full textTan, Jinggang. "Análisis no Lineal para un Retículo Elástico y para un Laplaciano fraccionario." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103045.
Full textOrquín, Serrano Ismael. "Simulación de dispositivos ópticos de cristal líquido. Análisis de la propagación lateral en el régimen lineal y en el no lineal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/16381.
Full textOrquín Serrano, I. (2012). Simulación de dispositivos ópticos de cristal líquido. Análisis de la propagación lateral en el régimen lineal y en el no lineal [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16381
Palancia
García, Amorós Jordi. "Aportaciones al diseño y caracterización del motor lineal de reluctancia autoconmutado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81115.
Full textEn esta Tesis se hacen contribuciones al estudio, a la caracterización y al dimensionamiento de los motores lineales de reluctancia autoconmutados de flujo longitudinal y topología plana. En el capítulo 1 el estudio contiene el estado del arte y una clasificación de los accionamientos eléctricos lineales. A continuación se desarrollan los principios fundamentales del motor de reluctancia autoconmutado rotativo (SRM) a partir de una estructura magnética de reluctancia elemental. Seguidamente en base a la estructura del SRM se efectúa una génesis del motor lineal de reluctancia autoconmutado (LSRM), se presentan las ecuaciones que lo caracterizan y se propone un modelo para explicar su comportamiento utilizando el entorno MATLAB/Simulink. En el capítulo 2 se aborda el análisis magnético del LSRM utilizando tres procedimientos distintos. El primero de los cuales se basa en la determinación del área del ciclo de conversión de la energía, en el cual la curva de magnetización en la posición no alineada se representa por una línea recta mientras que la curva de magnetización en la posición alineada es representada por dos líneas rectas. Mediante este procedimiento se determina la ecuación de la fuerza de propulsión media del LSRM en función de la densidad de flujo magnético en los polos del estator, de la densidad de corriente y de la geometría del motor. El segundo procedimiento consiste en analizar el circuito magnético mediante parámetros concentrados considerando la saturación y los efectos asociados a las cabezas de bobina. Finalmente, el tercer procedimiento es el análisis magnético mediante elementos finitos en 2D corregido para tener, también, en cuenta los efectos relativos a las cabezas de bobina. En el capítulo 3 se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad investigando la influencia de las principales dimensiones geométricas sobre los perfiles de fuerza e inductancia del LSRM, utilizando el procedimiento de análisis magnético mediante elementos finitos en 2D corregido para considerar de los efectos asociados a las cabezas de bobina. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se obtiene las relaciones geométricas que optimizan la fuerza media de propulsión. En el capítulo 4 se estudian las pérdidas en el hierro y de las pérdidas en el cobre en el LSRM. Desarrollándose, seguidamente, un modelo analítico de parámetros concentrados que describe el comportamiento térmico del LSRM., mediante el cual será posible predecir las temperaturas máxima y media en función de las pérdidas totales. En el capítulo 5 se realiza, en base a los resultados obtenidos en los capítulos anteriores, una propuesta de dimensionamiento del LSRM que facilita un diseño optimizado de los principales parámetros eléctricos, magnéticos, mecánicos y geométricos a partir de unas determinadas especificaciones de diseño. En el capítulo 6 se presentan los resultados experimentales efectuados en el laboratorio, sobre un prototipo de LSRM, construido en base a los estudios precedentes, que validan las propuestas efectuadas en la Tesis. Finalmente en el capítulo 7 se recogen a modo de conclusión las principales aportaciones de esta Tesis y se sugieren futuras líneas de investigación.
Melo, Pedro Henrique Pedrosa de. "Análise analítica e numérica de vigas casteladas com diferentes padrões geométricos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9142.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The present paper deals with the main subjects related to castellated steel beams, initially showing a brief review of the history of emergence and use of the world, highlighting the characteristics that favored the growth of use and the difficulties of its use. The main failure modes are characterized, highlighting the analytical procedures available in the literature to circumvent them, in order to propose a calculation procedure for the design. The proposed procedure is evaluated through the experimental result of four surveys. The work also presents numerical modeling, using Finite Element Method (FEM), for beams available in the technical literature, in order to complement the analysis of beam behavior during loading and to verify the validity of the proposed numerical model, mainly in relation to the analysis criteria adopted in the numerical model, such as von Mises stress distribution, isotropic hardening and tensile stress behavior of the steel using the multilinear graph, also available in the technical literature. The validity allows the proposed beams, with Anglo-Saxon geometry, Litzka and Peiner, to have reliability of analysis of the model, and for the proposed loading the Anglo-Saxon beam obtained greater resistance, mainly due to the small distance between the holes and also the lowest overall width of the aperture. The results of the numerical models, via MEF, showed good precision when compared to the experimental results, showing that MEF is an extremely useful tool for nonlinear analysis, provided the model is properly calibrated. Another important result is the resistance values presented by the proposed analytical procedure, which presents a good approximation to the actual values of the experiment and also the resistance values obtained in the proposed numerical models, and can be adopted for the practical dimensioning of these beams.
O presente trabalho aborda os principais assuntos relacionados às vigas alveolares casteladas, mostrando inicialmente uma breve revisão do histórico de surgimento e utilização pelo mundo, ressaltando as características que favoreceram o crescimento de utilização e quais as dificuldades de seu uso. Os principais modos de falha são caracterizados, ressaltando os procedimentos analíticos disponíveis na literatura para contorná-los, de forma a se propor um procedimento de cálculo para o dimensionamento. O procedimento proposto é avaliado por meio do resultado experimental de quatro pesquisas. O trabalho também apresenta uma modelagem numérica, via Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), para vigas disponíveis na literatura técnica, de forma a complementar a análise do comportamento das vigas durante o carregamento e também verificar a validade do modelo numérico proposto, principalmente em relação aos critérios de análise adotados no modelo numérico, como distribuição das tensões de von Mises, endurecimento isotrópico e comportamento tensão x deformação do aço por meio do gráfico multilinear, também disponível na literatura técnica. A validade permite que as vigas propostas, com geometria Anglosaxão, Litzka e Peiner, possuam confiabilidade de análise do modelo, sendo que para o carregamento proposto a viga Anglo-saxão obteve maior resistência, devido principalmente pela pequena distância entre os furos e também a menor largura total da abertura. Os resultados dos modelos numéricos, via MEF, apresentaram boa precisão quando comparado aos resultados experimentais, mostrando que que o MEF é uma ferramenta extremamente útil para análises não-lineares, desde que o modelo esteja devidamente calibrado. Outro resultado importante são os valores de resistência apresentados pelo procedimento analítico proposto, ao qual apresenta boa aproximação aos valores reais do experimento e também dos valores de resistência obtidos nos modelos numéricos propostos, podendo, assim, ser adotado para o dimensionamento prático dessas vigas.
Corelhano, Angelo Giovanni Bonfim. "Análise não linear geométrica e física de núcleos rígidos de edifícios altos em concreto armado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-19052010-093917/.
Full textThis work deals with nonlinear geometrical and physical analysis of structural cores that take part in the bracing system of multistory reinforced concrete buildings. The study depicts the structural behavior of concrete cores by using a computational tool that performs a strict non-linear analysis, coping with usual models based on the Finite Element Method. The work evaluates the inertia reduction of concrete core\'s walls, considering minimum, medium and maximum geometrical reinforcement ratio prescribed by NBR 6118. Estimations of the physical nonlinearity of those elements are provided aiming at the practical use in actual structural design.
Silva, Michelli Marlane da. "Otimização de estruturas reticuladas incluindo não-linearidade geométrica." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3513.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
É comum o uso da análise estrutural considerando um comportamento geometricamente não-linear em vários tipos de estruturas reticuladas, muito usadas na construção civil, como coberturas de ginásios, hangares, galpões, etc. Esta análise (mais complexa) permite uma avaliação mais próxima do real comportamento das mesmas e, dessa forma, ao projetá-las torna-se imprescindível uma avaliação considerando este comportamento evitando-se problemas estruturais indesejáveis. Estudam-se nessa dissertação problemas de otimização estrutural usando-se uma metaheurística bioinspirada, Algoritmos Genéticos (AGs), para buscar soluções ótimas (minimizando custos e satisfazendo restrições adequadas de segurança) para estruturas com comportamento geometricamente não-linear. Buscam-se projetos estruturais ótimos levando-se em conta variáveis de projeto como as áreas ou dimensões das seções transversais das barras. Faz-se uso de codificações especiais dos cromossomos no AG, através de restrições de cardinalidade simples e múltiplas, para a busca dos melhores agrupamentos das barras das estruturas. Os estudos comparativos são feitos considerando-se a otimização através da avaliações das estruturas usando-se a análise linear e a análise não-linear destacando-se as importantes diferenças encontradas quando se usa um ou outro tipo análise na busca das soluções ótimas.
It is common in many types of framed structures, often used as roofs of gymnasiums, hangars, warehouses, etc, the structural analysis considering a geometrically nonlinear behavior. This analysis (more complex) allows for an evaluation closer to the real behavior of the structure and thus its design requires to an evaluation considering this behavior in order to avoid undesirable structural problems. Structural optimization problems are studied in this dissertation using a bioinspired metaheuristic, the Genetic Algorithm (GA), searching for optimal solutions (minimizing costs and satisfying safety constraints) for structures with geometrically nonlinear behavior. It seeks for optimal structural designs taking into account sizing design variables, such as areas or dimensions of the cross sections of the bars. The GA makes use of special encodings of the chromosomes, by using simple and multiple cardinality constraints, searching for the best grouping of the bars of the structures. Comparative studies are made by considering the optimization of structures through evaluations using linear and nonlinear analysis, and highlighting the major differences encountered when using either type of analysis in seeking for the optimal solutions.
González, Rodríguez Guillermo Felipe. "Análisis No-Lineal del Puente Amolanas Usando Registros Sísmicos de Aceleración y Desplazamiento." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103104.
Full textMedeiros, Sergio Ricardo Pinheiro. "Análise estática não-linear geométrica de estruturas pelo método de superposição modal com base Lanczos-Ritz." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3636.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o método de superposição modal como um procedimento para a análise estática não linear geométrica de estruturas esbeltas, assim como, examinar o emprego de uma base de transformação de coordenadas constituída por vetores gerados de uma forma não iterativa a partir de um algoritmo do tipo Lanzos, como alternativa ao uso da base modal. No método de superposição modal tem sido tradicionalmente utilizado os autovetores como vetores base. Este procedimento tem como principal inconveniente o elevado custo computacional, devido ao caráter iterativo da solução do problema de autovalor. A adoção da base proposta reduz drasticamente este custo sem afetar a precisão dos resultados. A viabilidade do algoritmo proposto é investigada por meio de alguns exemplos, nos quais é comparado com o método de superposição modal clássico e com os métodos de análise não lineares do tipo Newton-Raphson.
The purpose of this work is to present the method of linear buckling mode superposition as a procedure for geometric nonlinear static analysis of slender structures, and to examine, as an alternative to a modal basis, the use of a coordinates transformation constitutes by vectors produced in a non-iterative way from a Lanczos algorithm. In the method of buckling mode superposition the eingenvectores have been tradionally used as basis vectors. The high computational cost of this procedure, caused by the iterative character of the eingenvalue problem, is its main drawback. The proposed method reduces the computer time requirements significantly without affecting the accuracy of the results. The viability of the proposed algorithm is investigated through some examples. Comparisons with the classical mode superposition method and a full nonlinear analysis are presented and the obtained results discussed.
Grigoletti, Gladimir de Campos. "Análise não-linear geométrica de estruturas espaciais reticuladas com a consideração do empenamento da seção transversal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/119375.
Full textStandard procedures of the method of the finite elements applied to geometric analysis space non-linear to formed by profiles steel of transverse section of thin-walled are employed. The inclusion of the nonuniform torsion is made through the adoption of the Principie of the Sectorial Areas for the displacements of the cross section, requesting with that introduction of one more degree of freedom, the warping, at the six other degrees of freedom already known in each of the element. Being used as basic tool the principie of the Virtual Works, the Update Lagrangian Formulation is used for the geometric nonlinear analysis. The compatibility cinematic of the finite rotations m the joints that interconnected elements in angle, the three-dimensíonal space, is analyzed. Procedures based on the theory of the finite rotations to update the end rotations of each element is also used. The algorithm employed for the plan of the load x displacement curve is the generalized displacement control method proposed by Yang. The method was implemented in computer and used for study behavior of space frames structures being considered the warping of the cross section. lt is intended that the results are of value for designers that use profiles of steel of transverse section of thin-walled. Introduce also examples that show efficiency and that applicability of the program.
Duarte, Filho Luiz Alberto. "Análise estática e dinâmica, linear e não-linear geométrica, através de elementos hexaédricos de oito nós com um ponto de integração." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3362.
Full textTorrens, Jurin Pedro Antonio. "Ecuaciones Constitutivas y Análisis Geométrico-Mecánico para Pared Arterial de Aneurismas Cerebrales y Arterias Sanas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104624.
Full textFernández, López Rodrigo Miguel, and Velásquez Ricardo Timoteo Zapata. "Análisis y diseño estructural de una torre de 40 pisos y 4 sótanos siguiendo normas peruanas incluyendo su desempeño sísmico en el distrito de Santiago de Surco, Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652425.
Full textIn the present investigation, the analysis and structural design of a 40-storey tower and 4 reinforced concrete basements will be carried out following Peruvian regulations and the calculation of seismic performance in the Santiago de Surco district, Lima. For this, the hypothesis states whether the Peruvian standards meet the desired seismic resistance performance for a tall tower like this one. For a progressive understanding, first a description will be made of the tall tower to study, its architecture, structure, soil and others. In the second part, the concepts necessary to understand the types of static linear analysis, dynamic linear analysis and static non-linear analysis will be given. The materials will be defined, the moment - rotation diagrams will also explain the obtaining of the building capacity curve. Wind and performance level concepts will be discussed. In the third part, we will proceed with seismic analysis complying with the seismic resistance requirements, we will also do the wind analysis to compare both effects. In the fourth chapter, the structural design will be carried out using the reinforced concrete standards. In chapter five the performance analysis will be done using the pushover method to finally get the results of this project and the conclusions of this development.
Tesis
Mañuico, Vivanco Jerver Elio. "Análisis de la dinámica no lineal en la resonancia paramétrica de una embarcación pesquera." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2009. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2009/manuico_vj/html/index-frames.html.
Full textArteaga, Orozco Maria Isabel. "Control no lineal de convertidores conmutados CC/CC: Análisis de prestaciones y verificación experimental." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5947.
Full textEstas técnicas de control, al igual que las lineales, requieren que una o varias variables de estado se realimenten para poder implementar la ley de control, para conseguirlo se optó por omitir la necesidad de sensar las variables y se utilizó la técnica de reconstrucción integral planteada por Michael Fliess. Este reconstructor integral permite observar una variable no medible a partir de la integral de una cierta relación entre la entrada y la salida. Esta observación o reconstrucción no lineal sustituirá la variable no medible en los lazos de control propuestos.
La tesis está organizada en 6 capítulos, de acuerdo a la siguiente distribución: En el capítulo 1 se precisa el tipo de sistemas a estudiar y se introducen los modelos matemáticos que se emplearon para el análisis y diseño de los lazos de control. También, se hace un recorrido por los antecedentes del control no lineal aplicado a los convertidores CC/CC y se establecen los objetivos de la tesis.
En el capítulo 2 se aborda la técnica de reconstrucción integral como precedente teórico para la estimación de las variables en diferentes topologías. Se exponen en detalle varios ejemplos, en el primero se aplica la técnica a un boost para estimar la corriente en el inductor y se desarrolla el prototipo del reconstructor. También, se extendió el estudio de la técnica de reconstrucción integral a un convertidor de cuarto orden, el convertidor Çuk, para estimar una de sus corrientes.
En el capitulo 3 se estudia el control en modo deslizamiento, con el propósito de abordar diferentes superficies de deslizamiento aplicadas a los convertidores CC/CC. Este estudio se centra en la superficie de corriente que incluye el reconstructor integral como alternativa para evitar los sensores de corriente. Se comprobó la estabilidad y, a través de las simulaciones y de los resultados experimentales se probó que el lazo de control es robusto. Por otra parte, se hizo un breve análisis de las superficies no lineales desde el punto de vista de la linealización extendida.
En el capitulo 4 se estudia el control basado en la pasividad, el cual permite establecer dada una relación entrada-salida pasiva en un sistema, una realimentación que asegura la estabilidad en gran señal aún cuando la entrada de control esta limitada a un cierto rango. También, se analiza el reconstructor integral para implementar el control integral basado en la pasividad en el convertidor boost. Este controlador sólo utiliza la variable de tensión incremental del convertidor y la señal de entrada, que en este caso es la señal de conmutación. Se garantiza error en estado estacionario cero a pesar de la presencia de perturbaciones en la tensión de entrada, en la carga o variaciones de la tensión de referencia. El comportamiento del sistema realimentado se ha verificado con simulación y con diversas implementaciones físicas del controlador-reconstructor.
En el capitulo 5 se ha estudiado la viabilidad de utilizar la linealización entrada-salida como alternativa para controlar los convertidores conmutados CC/CC y se amplia la reconstrucción integral a la linealización entrada-salida. Su utilidad se demostró a través de simulaciones y se esquematizó el modelo para poder llevarlo a una futura implementación experimental. En este caso, se adicionó el factor integral del error de tensión para lograr error en estado estacionario cero a pesar del posible desconocimiento o inexactitud de los parámetros de la planta, o cuando se hace uso del reconstructor es particularmente importante corregir el desconocimiento de las condiciones iniciales de éste.
Por último, En el capítulo 6 se presentan las conclusiones de la tesis y se plantean futuras líneas de investigación.
Switching DC-DC converters are important power electronics devices widely used in a variety of applications. These applications demand them answer speed, stability in front of perturbations and high efficiency. These characteristics are difficult to reach because the DC-DC power converters exhibit interesting dynamical properties. Their mathematical models are nonlinear and in some cases of nonminimun phase. Such properties have attracted the interest of this work in the search of controls that improve their dynamic performance. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to analyze, design and implement analogical controls applied to switched mode DC-to-DC power converters. To achieve it has been applied nonlinear control due to that this considers the nature bilineal and guarantees the stability in large sign. In particular, the thesis approached siliding mode control, linearization input-output and passivity based control.
Also, this work applies integral reconstructors to controller DC-to-DC power converters. The integral reconstructor allows to observe a non-measurable variable using the integral of a certain relation between input and output variables. This reconstruction will substitute the non-measurable variable in the control implementation.
The thesis is organized in chapters according to the following distribution: Chapter 1 reviews the results reported in specialized literature that have a direct impact on the topics of the thesis, as well as, establishes the objectives of the work. Also, it introduces the mathematical models that are used for the analysis and design of closed loop system. Chapter 2 deals with the integral reconstruction and is theoretical precedent for the estimate of the variables in different topologies. It exposes in detail several examples, in the first, integral reconstruction allows to estimate the inductor current in boost converter. Also, it applies this technical to Çuk converter to estimate one of its currents. Chapter 3 contains a brief survey of sliding mode control and introduces different surfaces to switching DC-DC converters. The study is centred in a surface that includes the integral reconstructor as alternative to avoid the current sensors. Also, the large-signal stability of the switching regulator and robustness has been analyzed. On the other hand, a brief analysis of the nonlineal surfaces was made from the point of view of the extended linearization. Chapter 4 studies the passivity-based control. This control can establish a feedback law ensuring large-signal stability for a given input to output passive relation in spite of the constraint of the control input to a certain margin of values. In this chapter an integral reconstructor to implement a passivity-based integral control of the boost converter has been used. The reported controller only uses the incremental output voltage of the converter and an input signal which in this case is the switching signal. Also, the large-signal stability of the switching regulator has been analyzed. The use of an integral element ensures zero steady-state error of the output voltage. The feedback system behaviour has been verified with simulation and with diverse physical implementations of the controller-reconstructor. Chapter 5 extends the study of the integral reconstruction to the linearization input-output as alternative to controller the DC-DC power. Its utility was demonstrated through simulations and its circuital model was schematized to a future experimental implementation. In this case, the integral output error was added to achieve zero steady-state error in spite of the possible ignorance or inaccuracy of the parameters of the plant, or when one makes use of the reconstructor it is particularly important to correct the ignorance of the initial conditions of this.
Finally, the main contributions of the thesis and a set of suggestions for further research are listed in chapter 6.
Pardo, Martínez Antonio. "Análisis dinámico de atmósferas con matrices de sensores mediante procesado de señal no-lineal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402517.
Full textThe work demonstrates the possibility of efficiently transferring and applying nonlinear dynamic processing and modeling techniques to the field of gas measurement systems. It is possible to find works focused on static-linear, static-non-linear and dynamic-linear modeling. However, prior to this work there were no contributions under the dynamic and non-linear approach in the modeling of gas measurement systems. On the other hand, the work also addresses the problem from the point of view of the curse of dimensionality: multidimensional problems with scarcity of data. The work focuses on the analysis and modeling of the behavior of a gas measurement system based on QMB sensors against rapid changes of two concentrations in a binary mixture of gases (toluene and octane) in synthetic air and under regime of high concentrations (thousands of ppm). The static calibration is unable to provide a solution with a tolerable error. The dynamic and nonlinear modeling of gas analyzer systems has been performed with optimal results. The experiments designed, oriented towards the preparation of the models, were fundamentally two: 1) System with step-like gas concentration inputs 2) System excited with gas input signals whose concentration values follow a white noise with Gaussian probability density. The generated models are also of two types: 1) Direct models: from the input to the output 2) Inverse models: from the output to the input Different approaches have been tested, such as correlation estimators, parametric estimates, Volterra series, Wiener series, box models and neural networks. Models based on Wiener series and on neural networks have demonstrated a greater efficiency. It is shown that these models are able to extract the information of the studied system until experimental resolution limit, in both direct and inverse modeling. Apart from the task related to gas sensor modeling, the development of a test station for gas sensors has been addressed. This task has been developed by the research group and it is capable to perform a wide variety of gas experiments, providing the department with a new, powerful and well-equipped line of work.
Núñez, Contreras Sebastián Ignacio. "Modelación y análisis no-lineal de albañilería armada chilena utilizando métodos de elementos finitos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152580.
Full textChile es uno de los países más sísmicos del mundo, con un sismo de magnitud 8.0 cada 10 años dentro del país. Estos sismos generan daños variados dependiendo del tipo y materialidad utilizada. De manera recíproca, se puede estimar los daños esperados en estructuras para sismos según su magnitud mediante métodos de modelación variado. La realización de modelación y requiere la correcta caracterización de los materiales en programas computacionales, para lograr una simulación válida del comportamiento del material. La albañilería es un material ampliamente usado en el país, siendo utilizado en cerca de un 40% de las estructuras al año 2002, y en el mundo. Como material de construcción es uno de los más antiguos a nivel mundial, pudiendo encontrarse estructuras existentes desde las primeras épocas de la historia. Es debido a lo anterior que la albañilería presenta gran variabilidad histórica, variabilidad que se incluye a la propia de la fabricación del material observada entre materiales de un país y otro. Debido a lo anterior se debe utilizar ensayos con materiales existentes dentro del país, y de igual manera, la modelación debe seguir los resultados obtenidos en esos ensayos. Los ensayos utilizados fueron recopilados por Marín (2009) y realizados por Sepúlveda (2003) donde se estudió la influencia de la armadura en la resistencia a la carga lateral de un muro corto de albañilería armada. En estos ensayos se obtuvo la curva de capacidad (o de carga horizontal vs deformación), así como detalle del estado de fisuración en la carga máxima. En este estudio se calibran los modelos de materiales para replicar esos resultados experimentales. La calibración se realizó en el software DIANA FEA. Se estudió un modelo de material llamado Rankine Hill anisotropy, que puede ser utilizado en albañilería y otros materiales anisotrópicos y no lineales. Se muestra igualmente un análisis de sensibilidad de los parámetros del modelo de Rankine Hill, antes de entregar los resultados de la calibración, los parámetros utilizados, y curvas de capacidad, así como el comportamiento del muro de corte.
Romero, Leceta José Ignacio, and Huerta Ricardo Alexander Julca. "Análisis dinámico no lineal de un modelo de vivienda de adobe reforzado con sogas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/650365.
Full textAdobe masonry houses do not resist large tensile or shear stresses, they are fragile and not suitable for seismic areas (Arroyo, Catalan, & Sanchez, 2013). These types of homes are widely used for their low cost and many are built in areas of high seismic danger (Blondet, Vargas, Tarque, & Iwaki, 2011). To study the seismic behavior of adobe masonry hoses, laboratory tests and computational models are carried out. The displacements, forces and cracking patterns are extracted from the tests. For the computational model, a idealized structure is build in a software and the behaviour results validated with the test. In Peru, seismic simulation tests of adobe masonry house models without reinforcement have been carried out, which collapsed under severe movements (Tarque, Camata, Spacone, Varum, & Blondet, 2014) (Torrealva & Vargas, 1984). In the case of the tests carried out on reinforced housing models, there was no collapse of the structure. For this investigation, a seismic simulation test was carried out on an adobe masonry house model reinforced with ropes. The objective of the thesis is to estimate the displacements and forces in the ropes using a computational model and validate the results with a laboratory test. The computational model was made in the ABAQUS program of finite elements using the damage and plasticity model that allows the nonlinear dynamic analysis of adobe masonry. The responses were compared with the laboratory test, obtaining up to an error of 21% in maximum displacements and 41% in maximum forces. Similar cracking patterns were had.
Tesis
Ríos, Varillas Cecilia Constanza. "Combinación del modelo log-lineal y el análisis de correspondencia para analizar variables cualitativas." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8978.
Full textDetermina las relaciones entre el análisis de correspondencia y el análisis log-lineal para obtener un método combinado de análisis de Tablas de Contingencia, en este enfoque el análisis de correspondencia es visto como una técnica que sirve para la exploración de residuos en modelos log- lineales. Las relaciones entre los modelos log-lineales y el análisis de correspondencias permiten desarrollar una metodología apropiada para el análisis de variables cualitativas mediante la combinación de ambas técnicas. En este enfoque, los modelos log-lineales se usan para evaluar la importancia de los efectos de interacción destacando los efectos que presenten diferencias significativas y luego se emplea el análisis de correspondencias para presentar las relaciones entre las categorías de las variables, de tal manera que evidencie la complementariedad entre estos dos modelos. En este estudio se resume esta metodología de análisis y se presenta una aplicación donde se estudia la relación entre el nivel de satisfacción del usuario de la consulta externa del servicio de pediatría del Hospital Nacional de Policía.
Tesis
Huaringa, Huamaní Pamela Grace. "Evaluación de la respuesta sísmica no lineal de reservorios elevados tipo intze." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6821.
Full textTesis
Laumann, Yanina. "Estimación Borrosa del Riesgo Beta. Análisis Comparativo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/585965.
Full textEsta tesis representa un aporte a la literatura empírica sobre el riesgo sistemático a nivel sectorial en mercados emergentes latinoamericanos, al calcular betas borrosas, sectoriales e individuales, en Chile, Brasil y Méjico y comparar su comportamiento con él de las betas de algunos países desarrollados como Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Japón. Proponemos una representación borrosa del modelo de mercado que incorpora el cálculo del rendimiento de un activo expresado a través de un intervalo de confianza. Con ello incorporamos en el cálculo de la beta toda la información disponible de las cotizaciones de un activo durante el día. Como resultado de la estimación con dicho modelo obtenemos un coeficiente beta borroso. Comenzamos el estudio comparando y evaluando los resultados obtenidos según se exprese la rentabilidad de los activos y según los diferentes métodos de estimación de la beta, MCO y regresión borrosa lineal de Tanaka e Ishibuchi (1992) mejorada con el método de detección de outliers de Hung y Yang (2006). Por último, avanzamos en el estudio de la beta borrosa como indicador del riesgo sistemático. Proponemos una nueva clasificación de los activos basada en la beta borrosa y verificamos si dos de las hipótesis tradicionales de la teoría de carteras se cumplen en un entorno de incertidumbre: i) la beta sectorial presenta mayor estabilidad que la beta individual; ii) Cuánto mayor es el período de estimación, mayor es la estabilidad de la beta.
This thesis represents a contribution to empirical literature on systematic risk at the sectoral level in Latin American emerging markets, by calculating fuzzy betas, sectoral and individual, in Chile, Brazil and Mexico, and to compare its behavior with that of betas in some developed countries as the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. We propose a fuzzy representation of the model of market that incorporates the calculation of the return of an asset expressed through a confidence interval. With it we incorporate in the calculation of the beta all the information available of the quotation of an asset during the day. As a result of the estimation with that model we obtain a fuzzy beta coefficient. We begin the study by comparing and evaluating the results obtained according to assets return and to the different beta methods of estimation, MCO and lineal fuzzy regression of Tanaka e Ishibuchi (1992) improved with the detection of outliers model of the Hung and Yung (2006). Finally, we advance in the study of fuzzy beta as an indicator of systematic risk. We propose a classification of assets based on fuzzy beta and we verify if two of the traditional hypotheses of the portfolio theory are met in an uncertainty environment: i) sectoral beta shows greater stability than individual beta; ii) the longer the estimation period is, the greater the stability of the beta
Chávez, Pacheco Xyoby. "Resolución de la ecuación de advección lineal unidimensional por un método de volúmenes finitos compacto de alto orden." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10048.
Full textThe numerical methods of high order, necessary for spatial discretization, are one of the most active areas of the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics. Within these, Finite Volume Methods (abbreviated as MVF in spanish) have encountered difficulties in the implementation of reconstruction processes. In the present work we present a novel high order compact reconstruction process proposed by Q. Wang [22], and implemented in Python. The novelty lies in that high order is achieved using a compact stencil, that is, using only neighboring cells. In this process we obtain a set of relations that are constructed to obtain the coefficients of reconstruction polynomials on the control volumes of interest, preserving their average values and that of their derivatives. With these relations we obtain an overdetermined linear system that is adjusted by least squares resulting in a tridiagonal system by blocks in the case of a 1D advection equation. For this advection equation we also use the Fourier Analysis to examine the wave numbers modified by the compact MVF. The reconstruction includes parameters that are optimized to improve the dispersion / dissipation properties. Furthermore, the von Neumann stability analysis allows us to estimate the maximum CFL number for two Runge-Kutta methods. Finally, we validate the convergence orders of the combination of the compact MVF with two schemes of Runge-Kutta and we also validate the optimal parameters of the reconstruction schemes.
Tesis
Braz-César, M. T. "Estudos paramétricos sobre a instabilidade de pórticos metálicos bidimensionais e tridimensionais." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/1802.
Full textPereira, David de Paulo. "Análise não linear geométrica de sólidos elásticos tridimensionais reforçados com fibras através do método dos elementos finitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-02022016-083316/.
Full textThis study aims to develop and implement a numerical model of kinematic enrichment, to analyze tridimensional solids based on positional finite element method, considering long and short fibers random distributed inside the domain. The numerical model considers isotropic material and geometric nonlinear behavior for both matrix and fibers. Tetrahedral finite elements with any order of approximation are used to discretize the solid domain, with positions as nodal parameters. Green strain and Saint-Venant-Kirchhoff constitutive law are used, referenced in initial configuration of the body, characterizing the developed formulation as total Lagrangian. The equilibrium is obtained with the application of Total Potential Energy Principle, adopting the Newton-Raphson method to solve the resulting nonlinear system of equations. The fibers are considered in the formulation using curved one-dimensional finite elements with any order of approximation, and the nodal positions of the fibers are related with the nodal positions of the solid elements. The coupling method adopted does not increase the number of degrees of freedom of the system, and does not limit the positions of the fiber nodes to be coincident with solid nodes. Examples are presented in order to validate the developed and implemented formulations.
Leal, Mauricio Araújo de Seixas. "Verificação da utilização do Coeficiente B2 para a avaliação dos efeitos da não linearidade geométrica de estruturas em concreto armado." Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola Politécnica, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19392.
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Em tempos em que a sociedade necessita de edificações cada vez mais altas e esbeltas, em decorrência do aumento exponencial da população, a análise da não linearidade geométrica em estruturas de concreto armado torna-se, quase sempre, indispensável. Normalmente, as estruturas estão submetidas a carregamentos horizontais (ex: Vento) e verticais (ex: peso da edificação), o que ocasiona para as construções mais esbeltas, elevados valores de esforços atuantes no interior das estruturas, assim como, de deslocamentos laterais e de rotações. Visando manter a integridade estrutural, é de extrema importância avaliar o processo que ocorre entre os esforços solicitantes e os deslocamentos. Nesse âmbito, é possível realizar essa avaliação por duas maneiras: a metodologia aproximada ou a metodologia exata. A análise aproximada é realizada através de coeficientes majoradores (Coeficientes B2 e γ_z) que visam se aproximar do comportamento real da estrutura e se caracterizam por realizar suas análises na posição indeformada da edificação. Já a análise exata é moldada por uma formulação matemática exata e abrange a posição deformada da estrutura, assim, não impõe nenhuma restrição para a análise. Essa dissertação se propõe a fazer uma validação da metodologia baseada no Coeficiente B2 (apresentada pela norma NBR 8800:2008) para o uso em construções de concreto armado. Para isso, serão comparados os valores obtidos na análise do Coeficiente B2, com os valores gerados pelo Coeficiente γ_z (já amplamente validado pelo meio acadêmico) e com os valores oriundos do ANSYS (software mundialmente conhecido e que realiza suas análises através da metodologia que torna a estrutura mais condizente com a realidade).
Thiele, Horta Andrés Rodrigo. "Metodología de Clasificación Lineal por Partes: Piecewise Linear Support Vector Machines (PL-SVM)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102673.
Full textHaveroth, Geovane Augusto. "Análise de sensibilidade semi-analítica complexa geométrica e comportamento elastoplástico acoplado ao dano." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2070.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this work, a comprehensive study is developed aiming to the application of the semianalytical sensitivity method using complex variables (SAC) at truss structures considering geometric and material nonlinear behavior. Special emphasis is given to path dependent problems and the appropriate treatment for internal variables updating, which is an aspect not found in the literature by the author and applicable to problems with plasticity and damage behavior. Previous studies show that in path independent problems the SAC method has great efficiency and storage economy, since the operations are performed at the element level. In this work it is verified that when applied to path dependent problems, the method has the same efficiently detected for the independent counterpart, but at the expense of a little higher storage cost, however, the operations remain at the element level. In order to perform the mentioned study, the finite element formulation and some sensitivity evaluation methodologies of structural responses are presented in detail, including the proposed by the author. Finally, a comparative study between the different sensitivity methods is made for problems dominated by rigid body rotation, problems involving discontinuities sensitivity coefficients and for cellular structures.
Neste trabalho realiza-se um abrangente estudo que visa a aplicação do método semi-analítico de análise de sensibilidade, utilizando variáveis complexas (SAC) em estruturas treliçadas, considerando o comportamento não linear geométrico e material. Tal pesquisa foca principalmente nos problemas dependentes da trajetória e no tratamento adequado para a atualização das variáveis internas, sendo este um aspecto não encontrado na revisão bibliográfica pelo autor e aplicável em problemas que envolvem plasticidade e dano. Estudos anteriores mostram que em problemas independentes da trajetória o método SAC apresenta grande eficiência e economia de armazenamento, uma vez que as operações são realizadas no nível do elemento. Verifica-se que este método quando aplicado em problemas dependentes da trajetória, apresenta amesma eficiência detectada na contraparte independente comumcusto de armazenamento um pouco mais elevado. Contudo, as operações ainda se mantém no nível do elemento. Com a finalidade de realizar tal estudo, a formulação de elementos finitos e as diferentes metodologias para avaliar a sensibilidade de respostas estruturais, tanto para problemas dependentes quanto independentes da trajetória, são apresentadas em detalhes. Por fim, realizasse um estudo comparativo entre os diferentes métodos de sensibilidade em problemas que sejam dominados por rotação de corpo rígido, que possuam descontinuidades nos coeficientes da sensibilidade e em estruturas celulares.