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Journal articles on the topic 'Analog and digital spaces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Khalimsky, Efim. "Topological structures in computer science." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Simulation 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953388000036.

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Topologies of finite spaces and spaces with countably many points are investigated. It is proven, using the theory of ordered topological spaces, that any topology in connected ordered spaces, with finitely many points or in spaces similar to the set of all integers, is an interval-alternating topology. Integer and digital lines, arcs, and curves are considered. Topology of N-dimensional digital spaces is described. A digital analog of the intermediate value theorem is proven. The equivalence of connectedness and pathconnectedness in digital and integer spaces is also proven. It is shown here how methods of continuous mathematics, for example, topological methods, can be applied to objects, that used to be investigated only by methods of discrete mathematics. The significance of methods and ideas in digital image and picture processing, robotic vision, computer tomography and system's sciences presented here is well known.

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Kurkina, M. V., S. P. Semenov, V. V. Slavsky, O. V. Samarina, O. A. Petuhova, A. A. Petrov, A. A. Finogenov, and V. A. Samarin. "Idempotent Analog of the Legendre Transformation and lts Application in Digital Processing of Signals." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 4(114) (September 9, 2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)4-15.

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In recent years, a new area of mathematics — idempotent or “tropical” mathematics — has been intensively developed within the framework of the Sofus Lee international center, which is reflected in the works of V.P. Maslov, G.L. Litvinov, and A.N. Sobolevsky. The Legendre transformation plays an important role in theoretical physics, classical and statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics. In mathematics and its applications, the Legendre transformation is based on the concept of duality of vector spaces and duality theory for convex functions and subsets of a vector space. The purpose of this paper is to go beyond linear vector spaces using similar notions of duality in conformally flat Riemannian geometry and in idempotent algebra.An abstract idempotent analog of the Legendre transformation is constructed in a way similar to the polar transformation of the conformally flat Riemannian metric introduced in the works of E.D. Rodionov and V.V. Slavsky. Its capabilities for digital processing of signals and images are being investigated

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Anderson, Donald Nathan. "Digital Platforms, Porosity, and Panorama." Surveillance & Society 17, no. 1/2 (March 31, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.12937.

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The concept of porosity, developed by Walter Benjamin and Asja Lacis, is proposed as a useful concept for examining the political, social, and economic impacts of digital platform surveillance on social space. As a means of characterizing and comparing how interconnected spaces are shaped through a diversity of interfaces, porosity bypasses a simplistic distinction between analog and digital technologies without losing sight of the actual material affordances, social and surveillance practices, and politics that these differing and interacting technologies enable. As part of Benjamin’s project of uncovering the tension between the present and the utopian visions that capitalism repeatedly invokes through new technologies, an attention to the politics of porosity can situate the effects of digital platforms within the ongoing history of struggle over the production and experience of urban space.

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Blewitt, John. "Public Libraries and the Right to the [Smart] City." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2014040105.

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The future of public libraries has been threatened by funding cuts and new digital technologies which have led many people to question their traditional role and purpose. However, freedom of information, ready access to knowledge and information literacy in all its digital and analog guises are more important than ever. Thus, public libraries remain significant spaces and places where people can socially interact and learn. In many countries public libraries are reinventing themselves and part of this process has been the redesign of library services and the design and construction of new library building and facilities that articulate the values, purpose and role of what has been termed ‘the next library'. Following discussion of new library developments in London, Birmingham and Worcester in the UK, Aarhus in Denmark and Helsinki in Finland, the article concludes that public libraries are now both social and media spaces as well as being important physical places that can help city dwellers decide what type of urban world they want to see.

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Shieh, Leang-San, Jingbo Zheng, and Weimin Wang. "Digital Modeling and Digital Redesign of Analog Uncertain Systems Using Genetic Algorithms." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 20, no. 4 (July 1997): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.4103.

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Partington, Angela. "Developing Inclusive Pedagogies in HE through an Understanding of the Learner-Consumer: Promiscuity, Hybridisation, and Innovation." Postdigital Science and Education 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00110-x.

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AbstractThis article contributes to debates about how to respond to the changing profile of Higher Education (HE) students, and the marketisation of HE, by challenging prevailing views about student engagement, in order to develop learner-centric and inclusive pedagogies which are relevant to the twenty-first century. The concepts of ‘participatory culture’ and ‘co-creativity’ are often associated with the digital world in which the current generation of students have grown up. But it is a mistake to assume that some learning styles are inherently more participatory than others: participation is not an effect of the medium or form, (analog vs digital), or the space (actual vs virtual), or the mode of interaction a (face-to-face vs networked) through which the learner participates – it is an effect of the practices involved. Students engage with a complex network of both digital and analog texts and spaces, and it is this postdigital hybrid setting within which student engagement takes place. Marketisation provides an opportunity to actively demonstrate our commitments to student-centredness and inclusive practice, by transcending the binary opposition between ‘Student as Partner’ and ‘Student as Consumer’ and recognizing that students are learner-consumers, and allowing students’ diversity to drive innovation, rather than continuing to disempower students by bolstering practices which privilege some learning styles above others, informed by the assumption that innovation is technology-led.

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Kurkina, Maria V., Sergey P. Semenov, Viktor V. Slavsky, Olga V. Samarina, Olga A. Petuhova, Aleksey A. Petrov, Anton A. Finogenov, and Valeriy A. Samarin. "Alignment of time series with use of the generalized Legendre's transformation and methods of idempotenty mathematics." Yugra State University Bulletin 16, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu2020375-82.

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Alignment of time series [time-series smoothing] identification of the main tendency of development (временнго a trend) by "cleaning" of a time series of the accidental deviations distorting this tendency. At a research of time series of economy (bioinformation science) apply for detection of patterns [1-3]. In this work it is offered to use for this purpose Legendre's transformation well-known in physics and mathematics. Its direct application to poorly regular objects is difficult therefore in work its idempotent analog is defined previously and on its basis the concept of the TRACK for a time series is defined. In recent years within the international center "Cuofus Li" the new field of mathe-matics idempotent or "tropical" mathematics gained intensive development that is reflected in works of the academician V.P. Maslov and his pupils: G.L. Litvinov, A.N. Sobolevsky, etc. The purpose of this work to be beyond duality of the theory of linear vector spaces, using similar concepts of duality of conformally flat Riemannian geometry and of idempotent algebra. By analogy with the polar transformation of a conformally flat Riemannian metrics entered in E.D. Rodionov and V.V. Slavsky's works the abstract idempotent analog of transformation of Legendre is under construction. In the MATLAB system the program complex for calculation the TRACK of a time series is created. It is in-vestigated its opportunities for digital processing of time series.

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Zhang, Xin-Xin, Ran Duan, Xin-Ying Yu, Di Li, Ning-Yu Tang, and Tao-Chung Ching. "The design of China Reconfigurable ANalog-digital backEnd for FAST." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 20, no. 5 (May 2020): 073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/20/5/73.

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Parisi, Luciana. "Symbiotic Architecture." Theory, Culture & Society 26, no. 2-3 (March 2009): 346–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276409103121.

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This article tackles an old, classical problem, which is acquiring a new epochal relevance with the techno-aesthetic processing of form and substance, expression and content. The field of digital architecture is embarked in the ancient controversy between the line and the curve, binary communication and fuzzy logic. Since the 1990s, the speculative qualities of digital architecture have exposed spatial design to the qualities of growing or breeding, rather than planning. However, such qualities still deploy the tension between discrete spaces and continual curving. In this context, the article suggests the computational coexistence of discrete coding with continual morphing, defying any easy resolution for an aesthetic of continuity or discontinuity, the superiority of the analog or the meta-logic of the digital. The metaphysical dimension of such coexistence needs to include the abstract capacities of experiencing the transition from one state to another as the registering of algorithmic processing. Computation is intrinsic to microperceptions, incomputable quantities deploying the infectious property of the digital code. The article draws on the digital architecture of Greg Lynn to explore whether the computational nature of the digital calculus has the potential to challenge the bifurcation between the biological and the mathematical, the physical and the mental.

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Jovanovic, Goran, and Mile Stojcev. "Voltage controlled delay line for digital signal." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 16, no. 2 (2003): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0302215j.

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This paper describes dual delay locked loop architecture with a mixed mode phase tuning method. The circuit accomplishes low jitter, unlimited phase shift in a large operating range, and accurate phase alignment with high resolution for relatively low input clock frequency. The architecture employs two DLL loops. The first one is digital and is used for generating coarsely spaced clock pulses, while the second is analog and is intended for accurate and precise fine phase shifting. Simulations show that this circuit has 2?r radians phase shift capability, and can resolve 25ps phase error at input clock frequency of 1MHz, using 1.2^m double-metal double-poly CMOS technology.

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Rodriguez, R., R. Finger, F. P. Mena, A. Alvear, R. Fuentes, A. Khudchenko, R. Hesper, A. M. Baryshev, N. Reyes, and L. Bronfman. "Digital compensation of the sideband-rejection ratio in a fully analog 2SB sub-millimeter receiver." Astronomy & Astrophysics 619 (November 2018): A153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732316.

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Context. In observational radio astronomy, sideband-separating receivers are preferred, particularly under high atmospheric noise, which is usually the case in the sub-millimeter range. However, obtaining a good rejection ratio between the two sidebands is difficult since, unavoidably, imbalances in the different analog components appear. Aims. We describe a method to correct these imbalances without making any change in the analog part of the sideband-separating receiver, specifically, keeping the intermediate-frequency (IF) hybrid in place. This opens the possibility of implementing the method in any existing receiver. Methods. (i) We have built hardware to demonstrate the validity of the method and tested it on a fully analog receiver operating between 600 and 720 GHz. (ii) We have tested the stability of calibration and performance versus time and after full resets of the receiver. (iii) We have performed an error analysis to compare the digital compensation in two configurations of analog receivers, with and without intermediate-frequency hybrid. Results. (i) An average compensated sideband-rejection ratio of 46 dB is obtained. (ii) Degradation of the compensated sideband rejection ratio on time and after several resets of the receiver is minimal. (iii) A receiver with an IF hybrid is more robust to systematic errors. Moreover, we have shown that the intrinsic random errors in calibration have the same impact for configuration without IF hybrid and for a configuration with IF hybrid with analog rejection ratio better than 10 dB. Conclusions. We demonstrate that compensated rejection ratios above 40 dB are obtained even in the presence of high analog rejection. Further, we demonstrate that the method is robust allowing its use under normal operational conditions at any telescope. We also demonstrate that a full analog receiver is more robust against systematic errors. Finally, the error bars associated with the compensated rejection ratio are almost independent of whether IF hybrid is present or not.

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Maloku, Hëna, Zana Limani Fazliu, and Mimoza Ibrani. "A Survey on Coexistence in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks in TV White Spaces." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (July 8, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7256835.

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With the advent of analog to digital transition in TV broadcasting, a substantial amount of spectrum has become available in TV bands. To take advantage of this, the idea for cognitive radios was introduced for two major reasons: better utilization of spectrum in urban areas and facilitation of wireless connectivity in rural areas. To achieve these two goals, however, many challenges have to be addressed first. Considering that these frequencies are commonly licensed, besides primary user detection, a serious challenge remains the detection and identification of other secondary devices and networks. The problems arising from this issue concern the coexistence problems happening from having several primary and secondary networks of different technologies cohabiting the same licensed spectrum simultaneously and from many secondary systems/users coexisting at the same place while using identical or different technologies. In this survey we provide a review of existing works and outline new challenges regarding coexistence and self-coexistence in heterogeneous wireless networks in TV White Spaces including a comparative analysis between selected coexistence mechanisms.

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13

Lee, Jyh-Jone, and Lung-Wen Tsai. "Torque Resolver Design for Tendon-Driven Manipulators." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919282.

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Given a set of desired joint torques in an n-DOF tendon-driven manipulator with n + 1 control tendons, the determination of tendon forces is an indeterminate problem. Usually, the pseudo-inverse technique is used to solve for such a problem. In this paper, rather than using the pseudo-inverse technique, an efficient methodology for transforming joint torques (n elements) to motor torques (n + 1 elements) has been developed. This technique, called “torque resolver,” utilizes two circuit-like operators to transform torques between the two different vector spaces. It can be easily programmed on a digital computer or implemented into an analog-circuit system. It is hoped that this technique will make real-time computed-torque control feasible. The technique has been demonstrated through the dynamic simulation of a three-DOF manipulator.

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Ma, Jun Yan, Xiao Ping Liao, Juan Lu, and Hong Yao. "Digital Modeling and Movement Resolution of Rubber Band Analogy for 2D Packing Problem." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2466.

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Packing problem is how to arrange the components in available spaces to make the layout compact. This paper adopts a digital modeling algorithm to establish a novel rubber band convex hull model to solve this problem. A ray scanning method analogy QuickHull algorithm is presented to get extreme points of rubber band convex hull. A plural vector expression approach is adopted to movement resolution,which calculate the resultant vector to translate, rotate and slide the subbody to make the volume decrease. An experiment proved this digital modeling algorithm effective.

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Ma, Jun Yan, Feng Ying Long, Xiao Ping Liao, Biao Chen, Juan Lu, Wei Xia, and Xiao Mo Yu. "Digital Modeling and Movement Resolution of Rubber Ballon Analogy for 3D Packing Problem." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1670.

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Packing problem is how to arrange the components in available spaces to make the layout compact. This paper adopts a digital modeling algorithm to establish a novel rubber ballon convex hull model to solve this problem. A visible point puls maximum distance method analogy QuickHull algorithm is presented to get extreme points of rubber ballon convex hull. Movement resolution aim at force analyze and calculate the resultant vector to translate, rotate and slide the component to make the volume decrease in detail. An experiment proved this digital modeling algorithm effective.

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Nazarathy, Moshe, and Ioannis Tomkos. "Accurate Power-Efficient Format-Scalable Multi-Parallel Optical Digital-to-Analogue Conversion." Photonics 8, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8020038.

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In optical transmitters generating multi-level constellations, optical modulators are preceded by Electronic Digital-to-Analog-Converters (eDAC). It is advantageous to use eDAC-free Optical Analog to Digital Converters (oDAC) to directly convert digital bitstreams into multilevel PAM/QAM optical signals. State-of-the-art oDACs are based on Segmented Mach-Zehnder-Modulators (SEMZM) using multiple modulation segments strung along the MZM waveguides to serially accumulate binary-modulated optical phases. Here we aim to assess performance limits of the Serial oDACs (SEMZM) and introduce an alternative improved Multi-Parallel oDAC (MPoDAC) architecture, in particular based on arraying multiple binary-driven MZMs in parallel: Multi-parallel MZM (MPMZM) oDAC. We develop generic methodologies of oDAC specification and optimization encompassing both SEMZM and MPMZM options in Direct-Detection (DD) and Coherent-Detection (COH) implementations. We quantify and compare intrinsic performance limits of the various serial/parallel DD/COH subclasses for general constellation orders, comparing with the scant prior-work on the multi-parallel option. A key finding: COH-MPMZM is the only class synthesizing ‘perfect’ (equi-spaced max-full-scale) constellations while maximizing energy-efficiency-SEMZM/MPMZM for DD are less accurate when maximal energy-efficiency is required. In particular, we introduce multiple variants of PAM4|8 DD and QAM16|64 COH MPMZMs, working out their accuracy vs. energy-efficiency-and-complexity tradeoffs, establishing their format-reconfigurability (format-flexible switching of constellation order and/or DD/COH).

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Nakatake, Aki, Seiji Kameno, and Koji Takeda. "A New System Noise Measuring Method Using a 2-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 62, no. 5 (October 25, 2010): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/62.5.1361.

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Kranti, Abhinav, R. Rashmi, and G. Alastair Armstrong. "Optimizing Spacer-to-Straggle Ratio in Underlap Double Gate MOSFETs for Low Voltage Analog and Digital Circuits." ECS Transactions 19, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3117419.

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Cuthbertson, A., S. Decoutere, and L. Deferm. "On the optimisation of outside spacer bipolar transistors for 0.5 ?m high performance mixed analog/digital BiCMOS." Electrical Engineering 79, no. 5 (October 1996): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01235875.

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Nishimura, Atsushi, Takeru Matsumoto, Teppei Yonetsu, Yuka Nakao, Shinji Fujita, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Toshikazu Onishi, and Hideo Ogawa. "Observational demonstration of a low-cost fast Fourier transform spectrometer with a delay-line-based ramp-compare ADC implemented on FPGA." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 73, no. 3 (May 7, 2021): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psab030.

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Abstract In this study, a novel type of Fourier transform radio spectrometer (termed as all-digital radio spectrometer; ADRS) has been developed in which all functionalities comprising a radio spectrometer including a sampler and Fourier computing unit were implemented as a soft-core on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). A delay-line-based ramp-compare analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which was completely digital, was used, and two primary elements of the ADC, an analog-to-time converter (ATC) and a time-to-digital converter (TDC), were implemented on the FPGA. The sampling rate of the ADRS f and the quantization bit rate n are limited by the relation τ = 1/(2nf), where τ is the latency of the delay element of the delay-line. Given that the typical latency of the delay element implemented on FPGAs is ∼10 ps, the adoption of a low-quantization bit rate, which satisfies the requirements for radio astronomy, facilitates the realization of a high sampling rate up to ∼100 GSa s−1. In addition, as the proposed ADRS does not require a discrete ADC and can be implemented on mass-produced evaluation boards, its fabrication cost is much lower than that of conventional spectrometers. The ADRS prototype was fabricated with values of f = 600 MSa s−1 and n = 6.6 using a PYNQ-Z1 evaluation board, with a τ of 16.7 ps. The performance of the prototype, including its linearity and stability, was measured, and a test observation was conducted using the Osaka Prefecture University 1.85−m mm–submm telescope; this confirmed the potential application of the prototype in authentic radio observations. With a cost performance 10 times better (∼800 USD GHz−1) than conventional radio spectrometers, the prototype facilitates cost-effective coverage of intermediate frequency bandwidths of ∼100 GHz in modern receiver systems.

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Tarasov, D. A., and O. B. Milder. "Mathematics and practice of color space invariants by the example of determining the gray balance for a digital printing system." Computer Optics 44, no. 1 (February 2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-580.

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In modern printing, a large number of tasks are associated with the mutual transformation of color spaces. In particular, the most common pair of hardware-dependent color spaces is RGB and CMYK, the mutual transformation of colors in which is ambiguous, which creates significant problems in color reproduction. To solve this problem, we propose using color space invariants — gradation trajectories and gradation surfaces, which are analogs of gradation curves for initial colorants and their binary overlays, constructed in the absolute color space of the CIE Lab. Invariants are introduced on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the differential geometry of spatial curves and surfaces. Practical application of color space invariants involves certain difficulties associated with their complex analytical description; moreover, for most practical problems, the high accuracy of the model is redundant. For the practical application of invariants, we propose a simpler approach using natural color sampling in digital printing systems. As an example, the procedure for determining the gray balance for an electrophotographic printing press is given.

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Jiang, Homin, Chen-Yu Yu, Mark Chen, and Miter Liu. "A Low Cost 4 bit 16 Giga-sample-per-second Analog-to-digital Converter for Radio Astronomy." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 132, no. 1014 (June 23, 2020): 085001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ab99ce.

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23

Burri, Mira. "Global Cultural Law and Policy in the Age of Ubiquitous Internet." International Journal of Cultural Property 21, no. 3 (August 2014): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739114000137.

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Abstract:Digital technologies and the Internet in particular have transformed the ways we create, distribute, use, reuse, and consume cultural content; have impacted the workings of the cultural industries, and more generally the processes of making, experiencing, and remembering culture in local and global spaces. Yet, few of these, often profound, transformations have found reflection in law and institutional design. Cultural policy toolkits, in particular at the international level, are still very much offline and analog and conceive of culture as static property linked to national sovereignty and state boundaries. The article describes this state of affairs and asks the key question of whether there is a need to reform global cultural law and policy and if yes, what the essential elements of such a reform should be. The article is informed by the ongoing and vibrant digital copyright and creativity discourse1but seeks to address also the less discussed, non–intellectual property tools of the cultural policy package. It thematizes the complexity and the interconnectedness of different fields of policymaking, as various decisions critical to cultural processes are made by institutions without cultural mandate. While this problem is not entirely new and is naturally triggered by the intrinsic duality of cultural goods and services, the article argues that the digital networked environment has only accentuated complexity, spillover effects, and unintended consequences. The question is how to navigate this newly created and profoundly fluid space, so as to ensure the preservation and sustainable provision of culture. The article hopes to contribute to the process of finding answers to this taxing question by identifying a few essential elements that need to be taken into consideration when designing future-oriented cultural policy.

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Hodkinson, Paul. "Bedrooms and beyond: Youth, identity and privacy on social network sites." New Media & Society 19, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444815605454.

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This article considers young people’s identities and privacy on social network sites through reflection on the analogy of the teenage bedroom as a means to understand such spaces. The notion therein of intimate personal space may jar with the scope and complexity of social media and, particularly, with recent emphasis on the challenges to privacy posed by such environments. I suggest, however, that, through increased use of access controls and a range of informal strategies, young people’s everyday digital communication may not be as out of control as is sometimes inferred. Recent adaptations of the bedroom analogy indicate that social network sites retain intimacy and that their individual-centred format continues to facilitate the exhibition and mapping of identities. Although an awkward fit, I suggest the bedroom may still help us think through how social network sites can function as vital personal home territories in the midst of multi-spatial patterns of sociability.

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Martini, D., M. Orispää, T. Ulich, M. Lehtinen, K. Mursula, and D. H. Lee. "Kalman filter technique for defining solar regular geomagnetic variations: Comparison of analog and digital methods at Sodankylä Observatory." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 116, A6 (June 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010ja016343.

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Hanson, Ward A., and Gregory L. Rosston. "Digital Analogs: Computing, Internet, and Spectrum Lessons for New Space Policy." New Space 6, no. 1 (March 2018): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/space.2017.0046.

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Jiang, Homin, Chen-Yu Yu, Derek Kubo, Ming-Tang Chen, and Kim Guzzino. "A Low-cost 4 Bit, 10 Giga-samples-per-second Analog-to-digital Converter Printed Circuit Board Assembly for FPGA-based Backends." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 128, no. 969 (September 19, 2016): 115002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/128/969/115002.

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Wysession, Michael E. "How well do we utilize global seismicity?" Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 1207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860051207.

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Abstract This article describes a method for quantifying the ability to record teleseismic phases at particular epicentral distance ranges, given the geographical history of global seismicity. With the use of geographical sampling maps, we identify the regions of the Earth that are best suited to record the greatest numbers of earthquakes at particular distances. Since seismic studies of the Earth's interior use teleseismic phases that have unique ranges, this information can be useful in the planning of future permanent and temporary deployments of seismometers. Deployment of ocean-bottom seismometers would be required for recording large numbers of earthquakes in the 40° to 80° range, corresponding to phases like ScS and PcP, and in the 140° to 170° range, important for investigations of the PKP branches. An examination of existing analog and digital networks shows that they do either better or worse than a hypothetical grid of evenly spaced seismometers, depending upon the distance range examined. The use of temporary deployments of seismometers, perhaps even in the oceans, may be the best way to significantly sample poorly examined regions of the Earth's interior.

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Yang, Husheng, Peter R. Griffiths, and Christopher J. Manning. "Improved Data Processing by Application of Brault's Method to Ultra-Rapid-Scan FT-IR Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 10 (October 2002): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760354984.

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In Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, the use of analog-to-digital converters clocked at a constant rate leads to interferograms the data points of which are evenly spaced in time. An interpolation step is generally required to resample these data to equal intervals of retardation. Three methods of resampling the data were compared: Fourier interpolation (i.e., zero-filling), cubic interpolation, and digital filter interpolation as described by Brault. These approaches were investigated using both simulated data and interferograms acquired from an ultra-rapid scanning Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. In both cases, the optical path difference varied sinusoidally with time and interferograms were sampled at equal time intervals. It was shown that the data processing time can be reduced significantly, relative to previous methods, through the application of Brault's method, which can be considered as three separate steps involving a first-, second-, and third-order correction. If only the first-order correction for the local phase relationship between the sampling grids is applied, the noise level of resulting spectra is similar to that obtained by cubic fitting, but the data processing time is reduced significantly. If the second-order correction for the variation of velocity is also used, the data processing time is approximately the same as the first-order correction, while the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra is increased significantly. The implementation of the third-order correction for channel delay mismatch appears to be unnecessary for this instrument because the detector channel delays are small.

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Harris, M. S. "Integrated analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters." Microelectronics Journal 25, no. 5 (August 1994): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2692(94)90096-5.

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Delouis, J. M., L. Pagano, S. Mottet, J. L. Puget, and L. Vibert. "SRoll2: an improved mapmaking approach to reduce large-scale systematic effects in the Planck High Frequency Instrument legacy maps." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (September 2019): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834882.

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This paper describes an improved map making approach with respect to the one used for the Planck High Frequency Instrument 2018 Legacy release. The algorithm SRoll2 better corrects the known instrumental effects that still affected mostly the polarized large-angular-scale data by distorting the signal, and/or leaving residuals observable in null tests. The main systematic effect is the nonlinear response of the onboard analog-to-digital convertors that was cleaned in the Planck HFI Legacy release as an empirical time-varying linear detector chain response which is the first-order effect. The SRoll2 method fits the model parameters for higher-order effects and corrects the full distortion of the signal. The model parameters are fitted using the redundancies in the data by iteratively comparing the data and a model. The polarization efficiency uncertainties and associated errors have also been corrected based on the redundancies in the data and their residual levels characterized with simulations. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the method using end-to-end simulations, and provides a measure of the systematic effect residuals that now fall well below the detector noise level. Finally, this paper describes and characterizes the resulting SRoll2 frequency maps using the associated simulations that are released to the community.

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Kojima, T., H. Kiuchi, K. Uemizu, Y. Uzawa, M. Kroug, A. Gonzalez, T. Dippon, and T. Kageura. "Demonstration of a wideband submillimeter-wave low-noise receiver with 4–21 GHz IF output digitized by a high-speed 32 GSps ADC." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): L9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038713.

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We report on a 275–500 GHz heterodyne receiver system in combination with a wideband intermediate-frequency (IF) backend to realize 17 GHz instantaneous bandwidth. The receiver frontend implements a heterodyne mixer module that integrates a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer chip and a cryogenic low-noise preamplifier. The SIS mixer is developed based on high-current-density junction technologies to achieve a wideband radio frequency (RF) and IF bandwidth. The IF backend comprises an IF chain divided into two channels for 4.0–11.5 GHz and 11.3–21.0 GHz and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module that is capable of high-speed sampling at 32 Giga samples per second with 12.5 GHz bandwidth per channel and an effective number of bits of 6.5. The IF backend allows us to simultaneously cover the full 4–21 GHz IF range of the receiver frontend. The measured noise temperature of the receiver frontend was below three times the quantum noise (hf/kB) over the entire RF band. A dual-polarization sideband-separating receiver based on this technique could provide up to 64 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth, which demonstrates the possibility of future wideband radio astronomical observations with advanced submillimeter-wave heterodyne receivers.

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ABE, Koichiro. "Digital or analog?" Journal of Information Processing and Management 44, no. 3 (2001): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.44.214.

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Dzenko, Corey. "Analog to Digital." Afterimage 37, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2009.37.2.19.

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Rompel, Annette. "Analog oder digital?" working@office 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35131-011-0001-8.

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Bernhardt, Markus, and Christopher Friedburg. "»Digital« vs. »Analog«?" Zeitschrift für Geschichtsdidaktik 13, no. 1 (September 2014): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/zfgd.2014.13.1.117.

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Osman, Lobna, Sameh Rehan, and Abdel-Fattah Abdel-Fattah. "Improved hybrid SET/MOS Digital-Analog and Analog-Digital Converters." Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering. Mansoura University 40, no. 1 (July 5, 2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.100768.

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38

Shih, C., and P. R. Gray. "Reference refreshing cyclic analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 21, no. 4 (August 1986): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.1986.1052570.

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Fortunati, Leopoldina, and John O’Sullivan. "Convergence crosscurrents: Analog in the digital and digital in the analog." Information Society 36, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1737608.

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Foroughi, Hamid, Yiannis Gabriel, and Marianna Fotaki. "Leadership in a post-truth era: A new narrative disorder?" Leadership 15, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715019835369.

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This essay, and the special issue it introduces, seeks to explore leadership in a post-truth age, focusing in particular on the types of narratives and counter-narratives that characterize it and at times dominate it. We first examine the factors that are often held responsible for the rise of post-truth in politics, including the rise of relativist and postmodernist ideas, dishonest leaders and bullshit artists, the digital revolution and social media, the 2008 economic crisis and collapse of public trust. We develop the idea that different historical periods are characterized by specific narrative ecologies, which, by analogy to natural ecologies, can be viewed as spaces where different types of narrative and counter-narrative emerge, interact, compete, adapt, develop and die. We single out some of the dominant narrative types that characterize post-truth narrative ecologies and highlight the ability of language to ‘do things with words’ that support both the production of ‘fake news’ and a type of narcissistic leadership that thrive in these narrative ecologies. We then examine more widely leadership in post-truth politics focusing on the resurgence of populist and demagogical types along with the narratives that have made these types highly effective in our times. These include nostalgic narratives idealizing a fictional past and conspiracy theories aimed at arousing fears about a dangerous future.

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Bismarck, Swetlana von. "Mediation: digital versus analog." perspektive mediation 16, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/pm201901001101.

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Crogan, Patrick. "Things Analog and Digital." Film and Philosophy 4, no. 2 (2001): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/filmphil2001424.

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Kenney, Anne R., and Paul Conway. "From Analog to Digital." Collection Management 22, no. 3-4 (May 27, 1998): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j105v22n03_07.

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Sciamanda, Robert J. "ANALOG VS DIGITAL TERMINOLOGY." American Journal of Physics 83, no. 9 (September 2015): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4928137.

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Rodin, Ernst. "Analog or Digital EEG?" Clinical Electroencephalography 25, no. 3 (July 1994): vi—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005949402500303.

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Montorsi, Guido. "Analog Digital Belief Propagation." IEEE Communications Letters 16, no. 7 (July 2012): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2012.020712.112133.

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Bin Le, T. W. Rondeau, J. H. Reed, and C. W. Bostian. "Analog-to-digital converters." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 22, no. 6 (November 2005): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2005.1550190.

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Katz, Matthew. "Analog and Digital Representation." Minds and Machines 18, no. 3 (August 6, 2008): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11023-008-9112-8.

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Reitbrecht, Sandra, and Christian Aspalter. "Analog reisen, digital schreiben." ÖDaF-Mitteilungen 34, no. 2 (November 16, 2018): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/odaf.2018.34.2.107.

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Moraru, Christian. "The Analog-Digital Border." American Book Review 36, no. 6 (2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2015.0121.

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