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Journal articles on the topic 'Analogue filters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Horváth, Dušan, Zuzana Červeňanská, and Janette Kotianová. "Digital Implementation of Butterworth First–Order Filter Type IIR." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 27, no. 45 (September 1, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2019-0030.

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Abstract The paper deals with the solution of the first–order passive filters (low–pass and high–pass) applying electrotechnical elements (resistor, capacitor - analogue filter) and digital Butterworth filter type IIR (Infinite Impulse Response). Procedure of the filters design and implementation is described, and the analogue and digital filter outputs with the same input signal are compared. The designed filters have already served for education purposes with the intention to bring an explanation of techniques for designing required functionality of the signal processing filters.

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2

Venkateswarlu, T., and C. Eswaran. "Realisation of 2D analogue filters." Electronics Letters 25, no. 24 (1989): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19891104.

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3

Pretto, Niccolò, Edoardo Micheloni, Anthony Chmiel, Nadir Dalla Pozza, Dario Marinello, Emery Schubert, and Sergio Canazza. "Multimedia Archives: New Digital Filters to Correct Equalization Errors on Digitized Audio Tapes." Advances in Multimedia 2021 (March 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5410218.

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Multimedia archives face the problem of obsolescing and degrading analogue media (e.g., speech and music recordings and video art). In response, researchers in the field have recently begun studying ad hoc tools for the preservation and access of historical analogue documents. This paper investigates the active preservation process of audio tape recordings, specifically focusing on possible means for compensating equalization errors introduced in the digitization process. If the accuracy of corrective equalization filters is validated, an archivist or musicologist would be able to experience the audio as a historically authentic document such that their listening experience would not require the recovery of the original analogue audio document or the redigitization of the audio. Thus, we conducted a MUSHRA-inspired perception test (n = 14) containing 6 excerpts of electronic music (3 stimuli recorded NAB and 3 recorded CCIR). Participants listened to 6 different equalization filters for each stimulus and rated them in terms of similarity. Filters included a correctly digitized “Reference,” an intentionally incorrect “Foil” filter, and a subsequent digital correction of the Foil filter that was produced with a MATLAB script. When stimuli were collapsed according to their filter type (NAB or CCIR), no significant differences were observed between the Reference and MATLAB correction filters. As such, the digital correction appears to be a promising method for compensation of equalization errors although future study is recommended, specifically containing an increased sample size and additional correction filters for comparison.

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4

Amini, Nina H., and John E. Gough. "The Estimation Lie Algebra Associated with Quantum Filters." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 26, no. 02 (June 2019): 1950004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1230161219500045.

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We introduce the Lie algebra of super-operators associated with a quantum filter, specifically emerging from the Stratonovich calculus. In classical filtering, the analogue algebra leads to a geometric theory of nonlinear filtering which leads to well-known results by Brockett and by Mitter characterizing potential models where the curse-of-dimensionality may be avoided, and finite dimensional filters obtained. We discuss the quantum analogue to these results. In particular, we see that, in the case where all outputs are subjected to homodyne measurement, the Lie algebra of super-operators is isomorphic to a Lie algebra of system operators from which one may approach the question of the existence of finite-dimensional filters.

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5

Bissell, C. C. "A Phasor Approach to Digital Filters." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 24, no. 3 (July 1987): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072098702400302.

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Expressions for the frequency response of digital filters can be obtained using phasors, in a way very similar to the familiar analysis of simple analogue networks. These expressions can then be generalized as an informal route to the z-plane, pole-zero filter specification, and even the z-transform of sample sequences.

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6

Ciota, Z., A. Napieralski, and J. L. Noullet. "Analogue realisation of integrated FIR filters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 143, no. 5 (1996): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:19960611.

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7

Carusone, A., and D. A. Johns. "Analogue adaptive filters: past and present." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 147, no. 1 (2000): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20000052.

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8

Sun, Yichuang. "Editorial: High-frequency integrated analogue filters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 147, no. 1 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20000312.

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9

Cuypers, C., N. Y. Voo, M. Teplechuk, and J. I. Sewell. "General synthesis of complex analogue filters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 152, no. 1 (2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20040816.

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10

SID-AHMED, M. A. "Realization of 2-D analogue filters." International Journal of Electronics 65, no. 5 (November 1988): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218808945301.

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11

Handkiewicz, A. "Comment: Realisation of 2D analogue filters." Electronics Letters 27, no. 4 (1991): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910240.

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12

Zhang, R., and R. R. Mansour. "Novel digital and analogue tunable lowpass filters." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 1, no. 3 (2007): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map:20060263.

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13

Rueda, A., A. Yüfera, and J. L. Huertas. "Wave analogue filters using switched-current techniques." Electronics Letters 27, no. 16 (1991): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910927.

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14

Mirkovic, Dejan, Miona Andrejevic-Stosovic, Predrag Petkovic, and Vanco Litovski. "Design of IIR digital filters with critical monotonic passband amplitude characteristic: A case study." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 29, no. 2 (2016): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1602269m.

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A case study is reported related to the design of IIR digital filters exhibiting critical monotonic amplitude characteristic (CMAC) in the pass band. This kind of amplitude characteristic offers several advantages as compared to its non-monotonic counterparts, although it has not been studied thoroughly so far, if at all. After giving a short overview of the way of CMACs generation, arguments will be listed in favor of the IIR version of the digital filter function realization. Next, the IIR implementation of the digital filters will be considered in short. The main part of the paper will be devoted to the design sequence of this kind of filters which will be illustrated on the example of a band-pass filter obtained by a set of transformations from an all-pole low-pass analogue prototype. This will be the first time a CMAC band-pass IIR digital filter is reported.

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15

TCHAMOV, NIKOLAY TRIFONOV. "Analogue elliptical filters with digital control and memory." International Journal of Electronics 68, no. 6 (June 1990): 1021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219008921242.

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16

Bowron, P., and K. A. Mezher. "Noise analysis of second-order analogue active filters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 141, no. 5 (1994): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:19941135.

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17

Kidambi, S. S. "Simple method for design of monotonic analogue filters." Electronics Letters 36, no. 4 (2000): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000266.

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18

Toivonen, H. T. "Discretization of analogue filters viaH∞ model-matching theory." International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 6, no. 5 (September 1992): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acs.4480060507.

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19

Saleem, Mohamed Muftah. "New Method to Harmonic Isolation Based on High Selectivity Filter to Control of Shunt Active Filter with Experimental Validation Using DSPACE System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.53.

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This paper presents a new control method of a parallel active power filters based on improved harmonic isolation with hardware implementation. The harmonic isolator is based on High Selectivity Filters (it can be tuned at any frequency) and the current control technique consists in a modulated hysteresis current controller. This active filter is intended for harmonic compensation of a diode rectifier feeding a RL load. The study of the active filter control is divided in two parts. The first part deals with the harmonic isolator which generates the harmonic reference currents and is implemented into a DSPACE DS1104 prototyping card. The second part focuses on the generation of the switching pattern of the IGBTs of the inverter by the modulated hysteresis current controller, implemented into an analogue card. The use of High Selectivity Filters instead of classical extraction filters allows extracting directly the voltage and current fundamental components in the α-β axis at high performances. The effectiveness of the new proposed method is verified by computer simulation and by experimental study.

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20

Ndjountche, T., and R. Unbehauen. "Analogue discrete-time basic structures for adaptive IIR filters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 147, no. 4 (2000): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20000236.

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21

Huang Qiuting. "Offset compensation scheme for analogue LMS adaptive FIR filters." Electronics Letters 28, no. 13 (1992): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19920760.

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22

Alzaher, H. A., and M. Ismail. "Digitally tuned analogue integrated filters using R-2R ladder." Electronics Letters 36, no. 15 (2000): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000947.

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23

Freeborn, T. J., B. Maundy, and A. S. Elwakil. "Field programmable analogue array implementation of fractional step filters." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 4, no. 6 (2010): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds.2010.0141.

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24

Khokhlov, Valery K., Marina V. Gonobina, Konstsntin P. Likhoedenko, and Vitaliy V. Glazkov. "Use of CAD Systems in the Training of Specialists in Analogue Circuitry." ITM Web of Conferences 35 (2020): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203504011.

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Training of specialists in the field of analogue circuitry requires to study modern software that facilitates and accelerates the development of electronic devices. In this paper, we analyse the current CAD systems, which may be used in teaching analogue circuitry. We propose the approach of using CAD systems in all kinds of classroom activities. This approach is shown by the example of learning active analogue filters.

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25

CHAN, CHUN LEUNG, and HON KEUNG KWAN. "Simple design of 2-dimensional circularly symmetric recursive digital filters using 1-dimensional analogue filters." International Journal of Electronics 67, no. 4 (October 1989): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218908921112.

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26

Oró-Nolla, Bernat, Silvia Lacorte, Kristine Vike-Jonas, Susana V. Gonzalez, Torgeir Nygård, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, and Veerle L. B. Jaspers. "Occurrence of Bisphenols and Benzophenone UV Filters in White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from Smøla, Norway." Toxics 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9020034.

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There is a growing concern about the occurrence of bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters in natural ecosystems, while data are limited regarding their actual occurrence in wildlife species, especially in raptors. In this study, concentrations of bisphenol and benzophenone UV filter analogues were determined in liver tissue samples (n = 38) from white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) that were found dead in Smøla (2006–2018), which is a Norwegian municipality that holds one of the densest breeding populations of white-tailed eagles in Europe. Bisphenol AF (BPAF; a fluorinated analogue) was the most ubiquitous contaminant since it was detected in 32 liver samples at concentrations ranging from 1.08 to 6.68 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), followed by bisphenol A (BPA, mean 10.4 ng/g w.w.), benzophenone-1 (BzP-1, mean 3.24 ng/g w.w.), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BzP, mean 0.62 ng/g w.w.). The concentrations found in livers suggested that white-tailed eagles potentially accumulate bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters, which raises concern, as these plastic and personal care product-related emerging contaminants can show endocrine-disrupting properties. The high detection frequency of the fluorinated BPAF warrants further attention as other fluorinated compounds have proven to be extremely persistent and potentially harmful to wildlife.

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27

Gupta, S. S., D. R. Bhaskar, and R. Senani. "New analogue inverse filters realised with current feedback op-amps." International Journal of Electronics 98, no. 8 (August 2011): 1103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2010.547812.

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28

Vázquez, D., J. L. Huertas, A. Rueda, and A. M. D. Richardson. "Practical DfT strategy for fault diagnosis in active analogue filters." Electronics Letters 31, no. 15 (July 20, 1995): 1221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19950883.

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29

Abuelma'atti, M. T., and O. O. Fares. "A New Universal Second-Order Filter using Configurable Analog Building Blocks (CABs) for Filed-Programmable Analogue Arrays." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol8iss1pp83-91.

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In this paper, the design of a universal second-order filter using configurable analog blocks (CABs) for field programmable analog arrays is presented. The configurable blocks are capable of performing integration, differentiation, amplification, log, anti-log, add and negate functions. To maintain high frequency operation, the programmability and configurability of the blocks are achieved by digitally modifying the block's biasing conditions. Using at most four CABs, this article shows that it is possible to design a versatile second-order filter realizing all the standard five filter functions; lowpass, highpass, bandpass, notch and allpass. SPICE simulation results using practical bipolar junction transistor (BJT) parameters confirm the feasibility of using the CABs in designing second-order filters.

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30

Candia, O., A. J. Mia, and T. Yorio. "Influence of filter supports on transport characteristics of cultured A6 kidney cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 265, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): C1479—C1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.265.6.c1479.

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Amphibian A6 kidney cells grown on Anocell filters developed a transepithelial potential difference of 37 mV, a short-circuit current (Isc) of 8 microA/cm2, and a resistance of 5 k omega.cm2. Other observations suggested a viable arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2 receptor-second messenger pathway in these cells: 1) AVP increased both an amiloride-sensitive Isc and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) formation, and 2) scanning electron micrographs of A6 cells cultured on Anocell and ICN Cellagen filters demonstrated increased microvilli formation on the apical surface after AVP action. However, osmotic water flow (JV) across A6 cells on filter supports was not altered by either AVP or the permeable cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP (osmotic permeability coefficient = 2.5 x 10(-3) cm/s). Diffusional water flow (Jdw) measured across A6 cells on Anocell filters using tritiated water (THO) ranged from 6 to 8 microliters.min-1.cm-2. Neither AVP nor the membrane-permeabilizing agents amphotericin B and digitonin were able to enhance unidirectional THO fluxes, although amphotericin B increased the Isc. These results suggested that there was an unknown barrier in series with the A6 cells limiting water flow. THO fluxes across filter supports, without an associated cellular monolayer, gave Jdw values in the range 7-30 microliters.min-1.cm-2. Jv across the bare filter support was in the range of 0.3-1.5 microliters.min-1.cm-2, similar to that measured in the presence of an A6 monolayer. These observations suggest that the filter may be rate limiting for transepithelial water flow. Chloride fluxes across Anocell filters showed a stable value of 5 mu eq.h-1.cm-2. These observations exhibit the limitations of filter supports in the study of transport phenomena in cultured cells.

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31

Onete, Cristian E. "Useful network transformations and reconfigurable analogue filters using the complementary transformation." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 30, no. 1 (January 2002): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.176.

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32

Sun, Yichuang, James Moritz, and Xi Zhu. "Multistandard Analogue Baseband Filters for Software-Defined and Cognitive Radio Receivers." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 30, no. 4 (May 12, 2011): 755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-011-9304-y.

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33

Gao, Kun. "Design of OTA-C Gaussian Function Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.690.

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A novel method for analogue VLSI implementation of programmable Gaussian function generator is proposed in this paper, in which the Gaussian function is approximated by the OTA-C filter whose frequency response is Gaussian-shaped. OTA-C circuit is very suitable for this application since the programmability can be controlled by the transconductance of OTA precisely and easily. Based on the probability argument, the OTA-C biquadratic filters and OTA-C integrator which have the cascade connection are used as the building block. To elaborate the construction procedure, a seventh-order OTA-C Gaussian function generator is selected as an example. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the presented approach.

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34

Chiang, D. H., and R. Schaumann. "Performance comparison of high-order IFLF and cascade analogue integrated lowpass filters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 147, no. 1 (2000): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20000057.

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35

Vallancourt, D., and Y. P. Tsividis. "Timing-controlled fully programmable analogue signal processors using switched continuous-time filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 35, no. 8 (1988): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.1841.

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36

TOUMAZOU, CHRISTOFER. "ANALOGUE SIGNAL PROCESSING: THE “CURRENT” WAY OF THINKING." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 03, no. 03n04 (September 1992): 297–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156492000126.

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This paper presents a tutorial review of the current-mode approach to analogue electronic circuit design, in particular some of the author’s own research over the past decade covering the development of a new generation of technology specific current-mode analogue signal processing. In this paper various technologies are represented with key current-mode building blocks ranging from current-conveyors, current-feedback operational amplifiers, linear transconductance amplifiers to applications ranging from current-mode active filters to low-noise current-mode optical preamplifiers. Advantages, future trends and perspectives of the current-mode approach are highlighted throughout the paper. The theoretical basis for many of the examples dates back many years but it is only recently due to advances in process technology that many of these techniques have now become a practical reality.

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37

Kar, Rajib. "Optimal designs of analogue and digital fractional order filters for signal processing applications." CSI Transactions on ICT 7, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40012-019-00225-y.

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38

Younis, A. T., and R. E. Massara. "Automated synthesis of switched-capacitor ladder filters within an analogue silicon compilation environment." IEE Proceedings G Circuits, Devices and Systems 139, no. 2 (1992): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-g-2.1992.0042.

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39

Huang, Wei, Ningye He, Renxia Ning, and Zhenhai Chen. "Wideband Reflector and Analogue Electromagnetically Induced Reflection in Metamaterials." Crystals 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080985.

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Metamaterials are highly demanded for advanced applications in absorbers, sensors, and filters. However, metamaterial reflectors, especially broadband reflectors, remain challenging. In this paper, we theoretically investigate a wideband metamaterial reflector which consists of cross shaped graphene strips and a silica (SiO2) substrate. The cross shaped graphene strips are coated on the top of the structure, and the cross shape rotated 45° graphene strips are spun on the bottom of it. The calculated reflection can be tuned through length and width of the graphene strips. By comparison, not only broadband reflection but also analogue electromagnetically induced reflection (EIR) can be realized. Moreover, the structure can generate a bi-directional broadband reflection of insensitive polarization. This kind of bi-directional reflector at microwave frequencies is obtained because the top and bottom graphene strip structures are similar. We employ the electric field distribution of the designed structure to elucidate the mechanism of the analogue EIR effect. We further discuss the influence of incident angle on the analogue EIR effect. Such a bi-directional reflector can be potentially applied to a wideband reflector, antenna, and sensor.

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40

Vojcinak, Petr, Martin Pies, and Jiri Koziorek. "Using Methodology for MATLAB Designing the First-Order Chebyshev Analogue and IIR Digital Filters." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 7 (2012): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120523-3-cz-3015.00076.

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41

SID-AHMED, M. A. "A sample-and-hold semi-systolic analogue realization for 2-D recursive digital filters." International Journal of Electronics 73, no. 3 (September 1992): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219208925698.

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42

Hotz, C. J., R. Mead-Hunter, T. Becker, A. J. C. King, S. Wurster, G. Kasper, and B. J. Mullins. "Detachment of droplets from cylinders in flow using an experimental analogue." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 771 (April 20, 2015): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.177.

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This work experimentally examines the detachment of liquid droplets from both oleophilic and oleophobic fibres, using an atomic force microscope. The droplet detachment force was found to increase with increasing fibre diameter and forces were higher for philic fibres than phobic fibres. We also considered the detachment of droplets situated on the intersection of two fibres and arrays of fibres (such as found in fibrous mats or filters) and found that the required detachment forces were higher than for similarly sized droplets on a single fibre, though not as high as expected based on theory. A model was developed to predict the detachment force, from single fibres, which agreed well with experimental results. It was found that the entire dataset (single and multiple fibres) could be best described by power law relationships.

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43

DAY, ADAM R., and ANDREW S. MARKS. "JUMP OPERATIONS FOR BOREL GRAPHS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 83, no. 1 (March 2018): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2017.45.

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AbstractWe investigate the class of bipartite Borel graphs organized by the order of Borel homomorphism. We show that this class is unbounded by finding a jump operator for Borel graphs analogous to a jump operator of Louveau for Borel equivalence relations. The proof relies on a nonseparation result for iterated Fréchet ideals and filters due to Debs and Saint Raymond. We give a new proof of this fact using effective descriptive set theory. We also investigate an analogue of the Friedman-Stanley jump for Borel graphs. This analogue does not yield a jump operator for bipartite Borel graphs. However, we use it to answer a question of Kechris and Marks by showing that there is a Borel graph with no Borel homomorphism to a locally countable Borel graph, but each of whose connected components has a countable Borel coloring.

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44

Mahata, Shibendu, Suman Saha, Rajib Kar, and Durbadal Mandal. "Optimal integer‐order rational approximation of α and α + β fractional‐order generalised analogue filters." IET Signal Processing 13, no. 5 (July 2019): 516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2018.5340.

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45

Lu, Hua, Xueming Liu, Guoxi Wang, and Dong Mao. "Tunable high-channel-count bandpass plasmonic filters based on an analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency." Nanotechnology 23, no. 44 (October 18, 2012): 444003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/44/444003.

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46

Qiuting, Huang, and G. S. Moschytz. "Use of oversampled Σ-Δ modulator for analogue adaptive FIR filters based on LMS algorithm." Electronics Letters 28, no. 8 (1992): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19920475.

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47

Jervis, B. W., and M. Crofts. "Comparison of computer-aided tuning algorithms applied to the amplitude response of passive analogue filters." IEE Proceedings G Circuits, Devices and Systems 138, no. 3 (1991): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-g-2.1991.0062.

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48

Yeo, S. H., and B. Farhang-Boroujeny. "Improved synthesis of transmit digital and receive analogue filters for high-speed data transmission systems." Electronics Letters 33, no. 6 (1997): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970322.

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49

Saeed, Amer T., Zaid Raad Saber, Ahmed M. Sana, and Musa A. Hameed. "Eliminating unwanted signals in sound by using digital signal processing system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp829-834.

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<p><a name="_Hlk536186602"></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9pt;">Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal.</span></p>

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Marszalek, Zbigniew, and Krzysztof Duda. "Multifrequency Vector Measurement System for Reliable Vehicle Magnetic Profile Assessment." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174933.

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This paper describes the design and the performance of simultaneous, multifrequency impedance measurement system for four inductive-loop (IL) sensors which have been developed for vehicle parameters measurement based on vehicle magnetic profile (VMP) analysis. Simultaneous impedance measurement on several excitation frequencies increases the VMP measurement reliability because typical electromagnetic interferences (EMI) are narrowband, and should not simultaneously affect, in the same way, all measurement bands that are spread in the frequency, i.e., it is expected that at least one measurement band is disturbance-free. The system consists of two standard and two slim IL sensors, specially designed and installed, the analogue front-end, and an industrial computer with digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital converters accessed via field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The impedance of the IL sensors is obtained by vector measurement of voltages from auto-balancing bridge (ABB) front-end. Complex voltages are demodulated from excitation frequencies with FIR filters designed with the flat-top windows. The system is capable of delivering VMPs in real-time mode, and also storing voltages for off-line postprocessing and analysis. Field distributions and sensitivities of slim and standard IL sensors are also discussed. Field test confirmed assumed increased reliability of VMP measurement for proposed simultaneous multifrequency operational mode.

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