Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de bassin'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Analyse de bassin.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Salloum, Mohamad Ali. "Analyse et modélisation stratigraphique du bassin sédimentaire onshore du Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2022_0098_SALLOUM.pdf.
Full textIn the last decade, important oil discoveries have been reported offshore Lebanon in the eastern Mediterranean waters. Numerous offshore geological studies (Levant Basin) with seismic acquisitions (2D and 3D) have revealed hydrocarbon reservoirs of Miocene age and suggest promising exploration prospects. In addition, petroleum system modeling has been carried out on the scale of the entire region and shows that the Triassic-Jurassic formations are potential source rocks that have reached thermal maturity due to strong tectonic control at certain periods. While these formations have been extensively studied in the Middle East (Syria, Jordan, ...) and have allowed highlighting their petroleum potential, the Lebanese onshore area has been little studied. The complete stratigraphic approach and the analysis of the Lebanese onshore sedimentary basin are still lacking in some aspects, not allowing to define perfectly the role of tectonics on the geometry, the nature, and the timing of sedimentary and diagenetic events.The objective of this thesis is to characterize the geometry of the sedimentary deposits of the onshore basin and to explain the tectonic control on its' stratigraphic record. A set of geological data from the literature on the region (depth settings, stratigraphy, etc.) is synthesized in a 3D geological modeler (SKUA-GoCad®). From these geo-modeled data, an interpretative approach allows to visualize: i) the sedimentary deposits of the Lebanese basin; ii) the major tectonic structures controlling this basin; iii) the major erosion surfaces and iv) the potential oil traps as elements of petroleum systems. This approach allows then to generate tectonic subsidence curves of the sedimentary basin in the Lebanese onshore and part of the offshore (using PetroMod®) and to interpret them. The results describe the relationships between sedimentation and tectonic evolution at the regional scale of Lebanon, define the major faults that controlled the sedimentary record, identify some key phases during the geodynamic evolution and thus trace the tectonic history of the country.From a regional to a more local scale, this thesis focuses on a fault set having a controlling role on the sedimentary record, by studying one of them in the Nahr Ibrahim area. This work focuses on the early Mesozoic (Jurassic) period present in the Lebanese territory and a little-studied structural system that affects it: the NE-SW Mesozoic normal fault system reactivated during the structuring of the Levantine Fault System. In order to characterize the tectonic control of these faults on sedimentation (geometry and diagenesis), a field study was carried out in the Nahr Ibrahim region, with a sedimentary, geochemical and diagenetic approach. Thus, three stratigraphic sections in the Kesrouane Formation (Jurassic) are presented. A study of the facies and of the diagenesis allows to identify the variations of environments, then the main diagenetic phases that this Jurassic formation underwent. Using a chemo-stratigraphic approach (strontium isotopes in particular), a calibration by absolute ages is proposed which allows the correlation of the stratigraphic sections and highlights a vertical rejection of the regional Nahr Ibrahim fault of about 800 m. The results highlight the important role of these faults in the control of Jurassic sedimentation, the geometric structuring of the Mesozoic formations, and their potential role in diagenesis. Also, this local approach has allowed us to revisit and improve the regional 3D model by considering the major role of these reactivated NE-SW faults (800m fault vertical offset) affecting the stratigraphy
Francolin, Joao. "Analyse structurale du bassin du Rio Do Peixe (Brésil)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648592.
Full textFrancolin, João Batista de Lellis. "Analyse structurale du bassin du Rio do Peixe, Brésil." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10059.
Full textHuntsman-Mapila, Philippa. "Bassins de rift à des stades précoces de leur développement : l'exemple du bassin Makgadikgadi-Okavango-Zambezi, Botswana et du bassin Sud-Tanganyika (Tanzanie et Zambie) : composition géochimique des sédiments : traceurs des changements climatiques et tectoniques." Brest, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161196.
Full textThis thesis presents the results of a multidisciplinary study of sediments, with an emphasis on geochemistry, with the following objectives: I) improve our understanding of geochemical processes occurring as a result of erosion, transport and deposition in two rift basin in their early stage of development; 2) reconstruct environments in these two regions of the rift during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene and 3) define sedimentary and geochemical criteria to allow us to discriminate tectonic setting and climate change in nascent and early stage rift basins. 11e two basins chosen to represent early stage rift development were I) the Makgadikgadi-Okavango-Zambezi basin located in NW Botswana md 2) the Mpulungu Basin, located at the south-western extremity of Lake Tanganyika. The geochemicat study of sediments and water of the Okavango Delta revealed the presence of elevated arsenic in the groundwater occurring as n result of the dissolution of oxides under reducing conditions. The presence of elevated arsenic in the sediments is linked to organic rich clays, deposited under lacustrine conditions during periods of higher rainfall et possible impoundment of the river by die Thamalakane Fault. The geochemical results were used as n proxy for climate change in the Mpulungu basin. The results indicate n remarkable excursion winch coincides with the Younder Dryas event, Tins environmental event appears to be the most important event in southem Lai Tanganyika during the period 23 —3 ka, winch is characterized by the transport of weathered material into die basin due ton change in vegetation cove in the catchment area
Bernier, Amélie. "Réseaux écologiques à l'échelle d'un bassin versant analyse comparative d'approches conceptuelles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5722.
Full textVergne, Maxime. "Analyse du relief, corrélation avec le drainage : application au bassin de la Garonne." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30101.
Full textN'Goma, Célestin. "Fluctuations du niveau marin au cours de l'Albien supérieur dans le bassin cotier congolais : analyse micrographique, géochimique et diagraphique des environnements sédimentaires et diagénétiques." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS058.
Full textA study of the Upper Albian "Sendji"carbonates in the Congo coastal basin was carried out using a multidisciplinary approach. Three aspects were investigated : 1 - lithofacies and depositional units : the identification of lithofacies electrofacies, was carried out through the study of core samples, cuttings and well log data. The Upper Albian is shown to consist of five basic lithofacies and electrofacies, disposed alternately. These are silstones, sandstones, argilites, carbonates and anhydrites. 2- Sediment dynamics: this aspect has been marked by depositional phases during which developed a shallow coastal margin (lagoonal) environment. 3- Diagenesis : this was been shown to be polyphased. The study highlights two aspects relating to diagenesis : a - phenomena other than dolomitization are responsible for modifying porosity, eitheir by occluding or by intensifying it b- the approach adopted in studying dolomitization in Upper Albian carbonates in the Congo has consisted in petrological identification involving catholuminescence, x-ray diffraction as well as mineral and isotope geochimistry
Kigotsi, Kasereka Jean. "Analyse de l'activité d'éclairs des systèmes orageux dans le bassin du Congo." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30187/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to an analysis of the lightning activity of storm systems in Equatorial Africa (10°E-35°E; 15°S-10°N) over the period 2005-2013. Firstly, data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) were compared with those from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) to estimate the relative detection efficiency of the WWLLN. Then, they established a high-resolution regional climatology of lightning activity. Finally, they were combined with data on cloud and meteorological characteristics to carry out thunderstorm case studies in different situations in order to examine the correlations between lightning activity, storm activity, cloud characteristics and meteorological conditions. The appropriate method introduced for estimating the WWLLN detection efficiency in the study area provides values ??consistent with those found in other regions of the world. Its spatial and temporal variability helps to interpret changes affecting several parameters of lightning activity. The climatology realized reveals original characteristics of the temporal evolution and the spatial distribution of the lightning activity, in particular those of a very sharp maximum in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Thus, the location, the dimensions, the shape, the seasonal persistence and the environment of this maximum have been specified. The zonal distribution of lightning shows a high proportion in the southern tropical band, linked to the principal maximum but also to a high activity spread out longitudinally and constituting a large secondary maximum where the storm activity is more spatially variable from one year to another, temporally from one season to another, and where the diurnal cycle is less marked. [...]
Iorgulescu, Ion. "Analyse du comportement hydrologique par une approche intégrée à l'échelle du bassin versant : application au bassin versant de la Haute-Mentue /." Lausanne : [s.n.], 1997. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1613.
Full textDouvinet, Johnny. "Les bassins versants sensibles aux "crues rapides" dans le Bassin Parisien - Analyse de la structure et de la dynamique de systèmes spatiaux complexes." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344612.
Full textrésultats en réintégrant progressivement les autres variables de l'hydrosystème. Tous ces résultats aboutissent à la réalisation de différentes cartes de sensibilité dans ces régions du nord de la France.
Chicoine, Myrabelle. "Analyse du processus décisionnel du projet de l'aménagement du bassin Peel par Loto-Québec /." Thèse, Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/749/.
Full textEn tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montreal, Institut national de la recherche scientifique. CaQQUQ Comprend des réf. bibliogr. (f. [110]-115). Publié aussi en version électronique. CaQQUQ
Ouellet, Michel G. "Résolution par analyse conflictuelle d'un bassin versant à réservoirs multiples et à buts multiples, l'étude du bassin versant international de la rivière Sainte Croix." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23717.pdf.
Full textAbderrahim, Mohamed Lofti. "Contribution de l'imagerie numérique à l'analyse des phosphates : application au bassin phosphate de Gafsa (Tunisie)." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4015.
Full textLUDWIG, BRUNO. "L'erosion par ruissellement concentre des terres cultivees du nord du bassin parisien : analyse de la variabilite des symptomes d'erosion a l'echelle du bassin versant elementaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR10009.
Full textThe aim of the research is to work out a method for assessing and to classifying the susceptibility of elementary catchment (ec) to runoff concentrated erosion. The approach is based on a systematic survey of erosion features and on an analysis of their variations. At first, the variations in rill volumes are analysed at the ec scale. The main factor accounting for these variations is found to be the size of the area considered as able to produce runoff. It confirms the importance of soil crusting processes in erosion. Secondly the two components of the rill volumes (section and length) are analysed separately at the scale of hydrological sub-units, connected to segments of the runoff collecting network. Two models are used to study the variations of the rill section on each segment; they concern respectively the probability of non-incision and, in case of incision, the estimation of the rill section. This allows an evaluation of rill volumes which were strongly correlated to the measured data. This second approach gives a better account of the variability in rill erosion than did the first at the global scale of the ec. It confirms the relevance of considering hydrologic and agricultural ec structures and the location of runoff contributing areas in relation to the incisable collectors
Kang, Yong Shang. "Analyse des chroniques : application à l'évolution temporelle de l'exhaure minière dans le bassin ferrifère lorrain." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_KANG_Y_S.pdf.
Full textTime series analysis presents two complcmentary aspects: description and prevision. The descriptive analysis of a time series is a preliminary step to the modelisation and prevision. The descriptive tools are : autocorrelation coefficients, cross-autocorrelation coefficients, power spectrum and cross¬power spectrum. The prevision of a time series presents generally the principal goal. It can be done either from the informations of the time series itself in the past, or from one or several other time series. Ln consequence, we can distinguish the univariate prevision methods and the multivariate prevision methods. The univariate prevision methods are: smoothing methods, decomposition methods and Box-Jenkins method. These methods can be convenient for sorne simple cases, particularly for short term analysis when a phenomenon continue on an horizon. But they have sorne disavantages when used for medium and long terms analysis. The multivariate prevision methods consist of discovering and mesuring the influence of independent variables on dependent variable Yt. Without change the generality, we restraint our proposition for a case of an only independent variable Xt. Xt can be considered as the input of a linear system and Yt the output. The relation of convolution between Xt and Yt is generally admissible. The transfert function presents ail the caracteristics of the system. We can construct the output corresponding to an input by convoluing the input by the transfert function of the system. Hence it's necessary to rccognize the transfert function before any simulation and the problem of prevision can be converted Lü a probleme of deconvolution. The classical and widely used methods of deconvolution are the spectral methods and regression methods(inverse problem). These methods work weil if the input and output verify perfectly a relation of convolution. But in pralice, the conditions of linearity and slalionnarity are never perfectly verified and the observations are always contaiminated of errors. Thus the relation of convolulion should be written in a manner of inclue!ing a residual term. The intervention of the residual term excites a difficulty of deconvolution bccause in fact the solution is not unitary. To overcome this difficulty, some new methods have been proposed recently(method of projection and geostatistical method). It appcars to us that the transfert function method of Box-Jenkins is very promising because it combines the concepts of regression to models ARIMA, presenting un decisive theorctical avantage of this method. As an application of analysis of lime series, the anal l'sis of mensal data of mining exhaust in the lorrain's ferriferous basin has permitted to distinguish two types of mines: the stationnary mines and non stationnary mines. A general model relating the exhaustto ils principal inDuential factors(effective rainfall and cumulated extraction of mineraI) has been estRblished. The non stationnarity of exhaust in the time Can be explained by the cumulated extraction of mineraI. The heterogeneity of exhaust in the space can be explained generally bl' the local geological conditions and the structrual conditions can explain partially the anomaly. The established model can be used to predict the mining exhaust in a future moment or to reconstitute the exhaust data. Otherwise, in the gestion of basin, the drought poses frequently a grave problem to the alimentation of potable water. Ifs important to study the special comportments of groune! aquifert or of mines facing to an annual or multiannual drought. This study will fumish a more precise prevision. An intervention model can be adopted. It consists of formulaling sorne criteria on the drought, introducing some indicating variables and studying the comportments of mining exhaust during the period of transition
Nédellec, Hervé de. "Analyse experimentale et modelisation des echanges thermiques dans un bassin d'eau douce. Application a l'aquaculture." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0368.
Full textOLIVIE-LAUQUET, GWENAELLE. "Analyse des transferts solides dans la geosphere tropicale : exemple du bassin versant du nyong (cameroun)." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077255.
Full textMichot, Véronique. "Analyse spatiale et temporelle de la variabilité des régimes de précipitations dans le bassin amazonien." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20050/document.
Full textPrecipitations are the main seasonal climate marker between the tropics and largely determine surface hydrolosy as well as many anthropogenic activities. The Amazon Basin is characterized by various regional rainfall patterns, whose spatial and temporal variability is high. Numerous studies have shown that this variability is related to large scale external forcing, such as sea surface temperatures. The analysis of precipitation in this region is generally related to trends or extreme of rainfall. However, the detection of similar years associated with regional sub-regimes and the analysis of their links with a specific ocean-atmosphere configuration has only been fewly addressed until now. The main objective of this thesis is to create a typology of regional precipitation sub-régimes in the Amazon Basin and to link them to ocean-atmosphere areas able to partly explain them. For that purpose data from 205 raingauges in 5 countries of the Amazon Basin were selected and submitted to a series of statistical tests and reconstruction. Outgoing longwave radiation, specific humidity, sea surface temperature, as well as satellite data (TRMM 3B42 version 7) were also used with the aim of improving the understanding of the spatial rainfall variability.Within each of the seven Amazon regions identified in this work, two to four precipitation sub-regimes were detected. Among the twenty six sub-regimes, twenty are associated with specific humidity and sea surface temperature anomalies. The precipitation sub-regimes of the northern half and the westernmost Andes of the Amazon Basin are most closely related to oceanic anomalies. Moreover, as previously described in the literature, reduction or surplus of rain often correspond to El Niño or La Niña phases, but this thesis also highlights the important role of the Atlantic, more specifically the southern part, on the move of the ITZC and on specific humidity. This work also stresses the link between the temporality of ocean events anomalies and rainfall anomalies.The TRMM 3B42 v7 product allows to enhance the analysis of the spatial variability of rainfall at the intra-regional scale of the North region of the Amazon Basin and to relativize the spatial coherence of its precipitation sub-regimes
Ibrahim, Ahlam. "Caractéristiques pétrographiques et géochimiques et évolution diagénétique des bassins silicoclastiques mésoprotérozoïques intracontinentaux : implications sur la genèse des gisements d’uranium de type discordance." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10086.
Full textA mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical study of the proterozoic siliciclastic sedimentary intracontinental basins of Waterberg (Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa), Cariewerloo (Gawler Craton, South Australia), Satakunta and Muhos (Fennoscandian Shield, Finland), unconformably overlying archaean and paleoproterozoic basement, have been characterized and compared with other districts throughout the world similar in age and lithology (the basin of Athabasca in Canada, the basin of Kombolgie in Australia, and the basin of Pasha-Ladoga in Russia) which are associated with uranium ore deposits. The realized study made it possible to reconstitute the nature of the detrital phases and their evolution during diagenesis and hydrothermal events, in order to evaluate the interests that represent the sediments of these basins for the exploration of uranium by reference to strongly mineralized Athabasca and Kombolgie basins. This study shows that the clastic rocks of all of these basins are characterized by a high immaturity of sedimentary materials, a strong oxidation, as well as a diagenesis or a metamorphism of high temperature. These sediments, rich in potassic feldspar and plagioclase with frequently angular clasts, were transported over a short distance from the source area and subjected to a limited pedogenic alteration in a very active tectonic context, contrary to the sediments of the Athabasca and Kombolgie basins. However, significant fluid circulations took place as shown by the presence of an argillaceous alteration on the roof of the basement of the Cariewerloo, Satakunta and Muhos basins, as the argillaceous alteration. This alteration remains however moderate compared to that observed in the Athabasca and Kombolgie basins. These fluid circulations are related to zircon alterations, and essentially to the formation of Fe-chlorite and carbonate
Carton, Hélène. "Etudes tectoniques en Méditerranée orientale par analyse de données de sismique réflexion : Mer de Marmara (Bassin de ̧Cinarcik) et Marge du Liban." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GLOB0019.
Full textYoussouf, Toure Mohamed Amine. "Analyse des données de la mission Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) sur des bassins versants choisis au Canada pour la caractérisation des eaux souterraines." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9550.
Full textAbstract : Groundwater is an important component of the hydrological cycle. In Canada, more than 30% of the population relies on the main source of water for domestic use. These resources are under pressure factors such as salinization, contamination and exhaustion. Our knowledge on groundwater needs improvement because of climate variability and an increasing demand for these resources. The main objective of this project is to use the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data (TWS) anomalies to locate, quantify and analyze the groundwater changes in Mackenzie St. Lawrence, North-Quebec and Labrador basins. Also this work aims to analyze the influence of accumulation cycles and snowmelt on groundwater level changes. For this groundwater changes estimation, it is necessary to estimate other water balance parameters. These parameters are estimated by using the outputs of the land surface model CLM of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) Data Products. The TWS data used are from March 2002 to august 2012. The results were evaluated by using the groundwater levels records from 1841 wells located in the free aquifers of different Canadian groundwater monitoring networks. The Specific yields values of the different types of aquifers from each well and the monthly changes in the water level in these wells were used to estimate changes in the in-situ groundwater anomalies. The correlation study between changes in groundwater anomalies estimated from the combination GRACE-GLDAS and those from in-situ data reveals significant matches with values of R = 0,46 and R = 0,50 between ΔGW and ΔGWPiézo respectively for the Lower-Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence basins. The combination of all the basins is characterized by a slightly weaker correlation (R = 0, 44).The correlation coefficients calculated with an independent data coming from SWE GlobSnow products are R = -0, 68 for Lower-Mackenzie River Basin, R = -0, 76 for Nord-du-Québec and Labrador basin, R = -0, 51 for St. Lawrence basin and R = -0, 52 for the three basins taken together. These correlations show that ΔGW is very sensitive to the snowmelt water amount, but with specificities for each studied basin.
Bouchet, Christian. "Hydrogéologie du milieu volcanique le bassin de la Veyre (chaîne des Puys-Massif Central), analyse et modélisation du bassin versant du lac d'Aydat, étude d'un aquifère... /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603266k.
Full textMoussa, Roger. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle et modélisation hydrologique : application au bassin du Gardon d'Anduze." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20100.
Full textRoy, Marc-André. "Rivière Coaticook : 1960-1982 : analyse de la relation précipitation - débit d’inondation pour l’ensemble du bassin-versant." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7890.
Full textNassif, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse multiscalaire des politiques et de la gouvernance de l’eau dans le bassin du Litani, Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30108.
Full textIn the last two decades, « Improving Water Governance » has become the goal set by almost every study and report addressing the problems of the water sector in Lebanon, be it issued by the state, academia or by the numerous development projects engaged in this sector. However, knowledge about water governance, in the true meaning of the word, which we define as the the decision-making processes linked to the conception and implementation of water policies, and to the use of this resource” remains very limited, especially in the case of specific problems, geographic areas or water works. The general goal of this thesis is to contribute to knowledge on water governance at the level of Upper Litani River Basin of Lebanon. It specifically addresses the strategies developed by the different actors (decision-makers and users) involved in managing and using the basin water resources, and focuses on three different water management issues: 1) the development of hydraulic infrastructures plan on the basin; 2) the management of the only irrigation project conceived by these plans and managed by the state and; 3) the management of groundwater over exploitation
Gwet, Jean-Henri. "Analyse des données anthropométriques et médicales étude des populations villageoises et pygmées du Bassin de l'Oubangui." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598118b.
Full textYahiaoui, Brahim. "Maillage dynamique tridimensionnel pour la simulation de l'écoulement dans un bassin sédimentaire." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0034/document.
Full textTo target more profitable oil and gas deposits, the numerical simulation is of growing interest in the oil sector. In this context, two main types of applications are distinguished: reservoir engineering where geological models are defined as static and exploration for the simulation of hydrocarbons formation. The latter application requires dynamic basins models. For this type of simulation, mathematical and numerical modeling has been an important advance in recent years. However, the construction of meshes needed for the simulations is a difficult task in the case of complex and dynamic geometries. The difficulty is reflected by the characteristic of the domain to mesh, which is defined from the mechanics of granular media which are almost incompressible and heterogeneous environments. In addition, the seismic data represent non-implicit surfaces modeling volume blocks. In this context, we focus on Lagrangian hex-dominant mesh generation of basins with complex geometry. The desired mesh must contain a layer of almost hexahedral meshes between two horizons and conform to fault surfaces through these horizons. A novel methodology based on the construction of an unfolded space is introduced. The desired mesh is then seen as a constrained 3D grid in this novel space. Several mesh optimization techniques are also proposed
Batumbo, Boloweti Doudou. "Analyse écologique des points chauds de choléra en Afrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCE031.
Full textCholera is a severe acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative bacterium that colonises warm, saline, alkaline surface waters, often in association with phytoplankton or zooplankton. After 50 years of introduction of cholera in Africa, the disease is affecting African countries in a very strong way. The objective of the PhD work was to try to elucidate the causes of cholera endemicity in Africa and on the scale of a rift sector, Lake Kivu and the Katana health zone, located in the Democratic Republic of Congo.A map of geographical areas at risk was drawn up for the African continent, showing a greater number in the Rift Valley and around the Lake Chad basin. This first study highlighted the relationship between the existence of salt water bodies (lagoons, lakes, rivers) and the endemicity of the disease. Under these environmental conditions, the cholera risk is exacerbated in economically weak and unstable countries. In continental Africa, the study showed a good overlap between areas of high volcano-tectonic activity (African Rift Valley, Lake Chad basin) and cholera endemicity. The study of cholera dynamics in a Rift Valley health zone (Katana province in DRC) demonstrated that volcanic activity plays a major role in the occurrence and maintenance of cholera epidemics in the African Rift Valley. The work showed that volcano-tectonic activity (measured by the SO2 concentration in the smoke plume of the Nyiragongo volcano) governed the temperature and salinity of the waters of Lake Kivu, and the presence of the bacillus in the lake water and fish. The study was able to show that the environmental presence of the bacillus in the lake was very strongly linked to the epidemiological data of the Katana area. A study of the practices of the inhabitants of Bukavu showed that individual contamination with cholera is linked to the handling and consumption of lake products (water or fish).This doctoral work has made it possible to target areas at risk of cholera in Africa, and the impact of volcanic activity in the dynamics of cholera in continental Africa. This information is necessary to build effective and targeted strategies to fight cholera in the African continent in accordance with the global roadmap developed by the Global Task Force on Cholera Control in 2017
Bouchet, Christian. "Hydrogéologie du milieu volcanique : le bassin de la Veyre (Chaîne des Puys - Massif Central) : analyse et modélisation du bassin versant du lac d'Aydat : étude d'un aquifère fissuré basaltique." Avignon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AVIG0008.
Full textNeyret-Gigot, Jean-Marc. "Analyse de la variabilité de la fonction de transfert d'un bassin versant et développement d'un modèle conceptuel faiblement paramétré, le modèle Storhy : application au bassin du Réal Collobrier." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10163.
Full textBouchet, Christian. "Hydrogéologie du milieu volcanique : le bassin de la Veyre (chaîne des Puys-Massif central) : analyse et modelisation du bassin versant du lac d'Aydat : étude d'un aquifère fissuré basaltique /." Orléans : BRGM, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34928098c.
Full textThiery, Yannick. "Susceptibilité aux mouvements de versant dans le bassin de Barcelonnette : cartographie morphodynamique, analyse spatiale et modélisation probabiliste." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1501.
Full textButa, Neto André Francisco. "Analyse des interactions tectonique salifère-sédimentation gréso-carbonatée albienne du bassin onshore de Benguela (marge sud angolaise)." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS010.
Full textThe Benguela Basin is a particularly interesting area, because of its classical onshore basin margin sedimentation, and its particular tectonic which occurs during the post-rift phase. It is concerned, first, by a continental sedimentation, then by a marine's one during a part of the Lower Cretaceous, then up to the Pliocene. The Albian is studied here, during while settled a mixed silicoclastic-carbonate platform. The studied area is divided in several zones among which the deposits indicate shoreface or offshore conditions. Secondly, our work has been focused on the detailed definition of the geometries of the structures associated with the salt tectonics (diapers, rafts, and pre-rafts, or lack of salt tectonic). We have confronted these different observations, with the analogical models developed in the litterature. Our work allows us to specify the factors which play in the salt tectonics phenomena, and it highlights the links existing between the sedimentation and this particular tectonics (facies and sedimentary hiatus distribution)
Ettachfini, El Mostafa. "Le Vraconien, Cénomanien et Turonien du bassin d'Essaouira, Haut Atlas occidental, Maroc : analyse lithologique, biostratigraphique et sédimentologique... /." Toulouse : Laboratoire de géologie sédimentaire et paléontologie, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35575036k.
Full textBelmouhoub, Rachid. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle hydro-thermo-mécanique d'un bassin sédimentaire au cours de son histoire géologique." Chambéry, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CHAMS016.
Full textLepez, Vincent. "Potentiel de réserves d'un bassin pétrolier : modélisation et estimation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460802.
Full textHidalgo, Sánchez Liz Stefanny. "Rôle d'un karst andin tropical (Alto Mayo, Pérou) sur la dynamique de production de matériel dissous vers l'Amazone : analyse du fonctionnement hydrogéologique et des flux associés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS326.
Full textIn the Andean area of the Amazon Basin, karst areas play a major role in the geochemistry of the Amazon River and in the CO2 consumption associated with weathering processes despite the small surface they cover (<1% of the basin of the Amazon basin). Amazon). Peru concentrates nearly 90% of these Andean karst areas, which stretch from the peaks of the Cordillera (at more than 5000 m altitude) to the Amazon piedmont (400 m) in a wide variety of tropical ecosystems. Although these areas represent a major source of dissolved materials exported by the Amazon, they have never been studied for characterizing the hydrogeologic functioning of these karstic systems and estimate their contributions in term of dissolved fluxes. To identify the control factors of the dynamics of production and transfer of dissolved matter from the carbonated domain to the Amazon, the hydrogeological functioning of aquifers of the karst massif of Alto Mayo, located on the eastern slope of the Andes Northern Peru, has been analyzed. The three main karst springs of the massif were equipped with CTD (Conductivity, Temperature and Depth) and periodic gauging was carried out to evaluate their flow. A bi-monthly sampling was carried out for the analysis of geochemical parameters (major and trace elements, Total Organic Carbon and stable isotopes of water). The temporal variability of flow rates and concentrations was calculated by the ratio of the standard deviation to the monthly mean percentage. The main spring of this massif (Río Negro, average flow = 22 m3s-1) is currently the most important karstic spring of South America. This major spring presents a low discharge variability during the hydrology cycle (the temporal variability of the discharge is 17%) and a weak impulse response to the precipitations, which indicate a strong damping signal by the karstic system. Low hydrological reactivity to rainfall is also observed at the Río Aguas Claras spring (temporal variability of flows of 59%). The Río Tío Yacu spring has a higher impulse response and a higher hydrological variability (temporal variability of flow rates of 67%). The hydrogeochemical signature of the groundwaters from all springs is highly dominated by the carbonate rocks weathering (Ca2+ et HCO3-). Daily total dissolved solid (TDS) was estimated by the relationship between electrical conductivity and TDS of the peruvian karstic springs studied in this work, and those of the French network of SNO Karst. This daily TDS has a relatively low variability during the hydrologic cycle (12%, 7% and 9% for Rio Negro, Aguas Claras and Tio Yacu springs, respectively) compared to that of the discharge. These results indicate that the dynamics of production of dissolved material, in the karstic spring of the Alto Mayo, is mainly controlled by the variability of flows despite the heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic behaviors. This “chemostatic’’ behavior has been observed in many contexts at the global scale and can be attributed to the fast kinetics of carbonate weathering. However, Rio Negro spring shows a weak variability of TDS fluxes, as a result of low discharge variability. This is conditioned by his hydrogeological behavior (more inertial), which involves weak hydrodynamic and hydrochemical responses after rainfall events. As a result, our results characterize the sensitivity of carbonate rocks weathering to hydroclimatic variability in tropical Andean environments. The weathering of Andean karstic areas represents 50% of the total of the dissolved fluxes exported by the Marañón River, the principal affluent of the Amazon river
Vongvixay, Amphone. "Mesure et analyse de la dynamique temporelle des flux solides dans les petits bassins versants : cas d'un bassin versant agricole en région d'élevage (basse-Normandie, France)." Phd thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688884.
Full textThe study was performed on the Moulinet and the Oir streams watershed, in Lower-Normandie region. The watershed area is 4,53 km2 and 87 km2 respectively. The main objectives are: 1) to measure and describe the temporal dynamics of the SSC, and 2) to relate these dynamics with the SS origins, the climatic determinants and the stream's order. The measuring of bed-load premises to determine the criterion for mobilizing particles from stream's bottom. The measurement of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) through the water turbidity was deepened. The SSC temporal dynamics was analyzed by different approaches: relationship SSC-discharge, statistic analysis and modeling with different time scale (year, month, season, day and flood scale). A first comparison of the hydrological response between the catchment of Moulinet and the Oir was presented
Coutinho, Luiz Felipe Carvalho. "Analyse du bilan de matière du pétrole dans une région en phase d’exploitation avancée – bassin de Reconcavo, Brésil." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811915.
Full textThe mass balance study for the generated, migrated and accumulated petroleum constitutes an important tool for quantification of the petroleum systems providing indication for the comprehension of the oil distribution in a studied basin, whether it is a very explored province or a frontier area. This thesis has established a methodology for a mass balance construction in a petroleum system on a real case study. It is not only interested on the quantification of its charges and losses, but equally in its compositional aspects. The known hydrocarbon accumulation were used as a criteria for calibration of the mass balance parameters. It was chosen the Reconcavo basin, located at the Northeastern part of Brazil to this study. The basin is an aborted rift created during the fragmentation of the Gondwana supercontinent, during Lower Cretaceous. The quite known stage of exploration of the Reconcavo basin has contributed to the reduction of uncertainties concerning charges and losses, important issues to the definition of mass balance The large number of parameters that influence the mass balance were then calibrated on a precise way. For its acquisition it was used a geochemical protocol involving the kinetic-compositional description of the Tauá and Gomo Members (Candeias Formation), the main source rocks of the basin. A restoration law of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was obtained through the results of the thermogravimetric experiments and also by Rock-Eval analysis. A second part of this work integrated these geochemical results in a sequential scheme of petroleum system modelings (1D, 2D and 3D). A thermal history calibration apart from the maturation data was used to obtain the source term. Later on, generation, expulsion and migration were modeled. These results provided the elements of mass balance for the Reconcavo basin showing that 8% of the expelled oil from the source rocks was accumulated, 16% was lost at the porous framework of the non-reservoir rocks and 76% left the system laterally or through exsudation, during its geological evolution
Belletti, Barbara. "Analyse régionale de la structure et de la dynamique biogéomorphologiques des rivières en tresses du bassin du Rhône." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30099.
Full textThe landscape of the braided rivers is characterised by a rich and diversified mosaic of habitats. The variability of the braided riverscape depends upon the combination of bio-physical factors, which interact at the different spatial and temporal scales.We did a comparative analysis at the regional scale of 53 braided reaches selected in the Rhône basin district. We used a remote sensing-based approach.At first, we analysed the aquatic habitat and the river channel pattern. We showed that the braiding and aquatic habitat patterns do not depend only on the flow regime but also on some local scale conditions, such us the sediment regime and the presence of the “near-floor” groundwater.Secondly, we moved on the overall riverscape corridor, and we applied a diachronic analysis comparing the present state of reaches with their state at the mid of the last century. The results show that not all studied braided reaches are narrower today compared to the 1950s and that some reaches are even wider. It is linked to a combination of several factors, such as the geographical position of a reach in its catchment and the short-term evolution ruled by recent large floods, as well as the history of the catchment linked to human settlements.Then we focused on the evolutionary trajectories followed by a sub-set of 12 braided reaches through time, and we increased the temporal resolution, for a total of five dates per reach. The results show that reaches follow different trajectories depending on: the hydrological conditions at a given period (e.g. floods), the geographical position of a reach at the regional scale and the anthropic context. Additionally, it seems that also local conditions (in terms of topography, sedimentation, and soil moisture), play an important role in determining the biogeomorphological pattern of the studied reaches.From these results, we discussed some perspectives for the braided river management in the Rhône basin district
Viel, Vincent. "Analyse spatiale et temporelle des transferts sédimentaires dans les hydrosystèmes normands : Exemple du bassin versant de la Seulles." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803223.
Full textCarvalho, Coutinho Luiz Felipe. "Analyse du bilan de matière du pétrole dans une région en phase d'exploitation avancée - bassin de Reconcavo, Brésil." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811915.
Full textDagès, Cécile. "Analyse et modélisation de l'influence de réseaux de fossés sur les échanges surface-souterrain en bassin versant méditerranéen." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20138.
Full textMavilla, Nicola. "Stratigraphie et analyse des faciès de la succession d'âge oligocène-miocène du bassin tertiaire piémontais (Italie nord occidentale)." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR10508.
Full textCho, Soon-Haeng. "Modélisation du couplage "bassin d'aération décanteur secondaire" d'une station d'épuration des eaux par boues activées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPLA002.
Full textPlain, Caroline. "Reconnaissance de la signature géochimique des eaux microporales de l'aquifère de la Craie (Bassin de Paris) : origine(s) et évolution(s)." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112006.
Full textThe Chalk, which is an important groundwater source for water supply in NW Europe, has been extensively studied, mainly for the description of the macroporosity water. Previous studies describing the interstitial water are rare because this water is not easily extractible. However, it represents 98 % of the total water content of the aquifer. This paper deals with a geochemical approach of the interstitial water features. This interstitial water is a mixing between three different waters : the first one is a meteoric water, the second one a seawater which consists of 2 % of the water content and the third one is the adsorbed water on the solid phase which presents a delta-value enrichment of 60-70 % in delta18O and delta2H. The proportion of this latter end-member in the mixing increases downward due to the reduction of pore diameter and can explain the interstitial water enrichment with depth. A model of the evolution of the water from a seawater to the modem water determines a diffusion in the microporosity and an influence downward of the macroporosity water. The time required to reach the modern concentration of the interstitial water is 50 to 65 millions years. The chemical study permits to determine rock-water interaction processes. The geochemical features of the solid phase allow for the determination of the composition of the major secondary precipitation phases, and mainly for the definition of an early diagenetic origin of the dolomitic level. The study of 234U/238U highlights water-rock interaction relatively recent (< to 1 million year), this interaction having not been shown by stable isotopes
Bochi, Lara. "Evoluation géomorphologique des ravins de l'Artois et du Pays de Thelle (Bassin parisien)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1124.
Full textBecause of its importance as a source of sediment and its capacity to change the water and the connectivity of sediments during intense rainfall, particularly in the cultivated lands, the gullies have need to be better understood for being able to manage them and mitigate its effects. The Pays de Thelle and Artois are the two regions of the Parisian Basin in which the largest number of ravines is concentrated ; however the studies about the processes of gullies and the attempts of modeling remain rare. Using the morphometric analysis and the study of the preserved deposits in the downstream of the incisions, the research aims to determine which are the variables of the controlling system such incisions, and to reconstruct the morphogenesis stages of these incisions and the risks they represent today. Ravines are occurring where the area draining and the slope are sufficient to make concentrated flow that can erode, they are often found at the level of slope's breakdown. The measurement of the volumes which have been eroded and accumulated shows that the erosion wins largely on the depot. The ravines have recorded several phases of incision in which the importance is explained by the conjunction of exceptional rainfall, strong anthropogenic pressures (land clearing and cultivation) and tectonic phenomena (uprising slow anticlinal axes of Bray and Artois). These ravines are fluvial forms, but the Neotectonic plays an essential role in the Pays de Thelle, whereas it is rather the karst phenomena which prevail in Artois. The recent afforestation of ravines slows the incision, but does not prevent the regressive erosion to roll back the heads of gullies and the risks of floods and mudslides muddy still threaten the villages located immediately downstream of these ravines
Huret, Emilia. "Analyse cyclostratigraphique des variations de la susceptibilité magnétique des argilites callovo-oxfordiennes de l' Est du Bassin de Paris : application à la recherche de hiatus sédimentaires." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066471.
Full textFerjani, Dhouha. ""Variabilité décennale de la circualtion océanique et modes de bassin : influence de la topographie et de la circulation moyenne."." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0068/document.
Full textOne of the potential mechanisms at the origin of climatic variability on decadal to multidecadal timescales is the thermohaline oscillation corresponding to large-scale and low frequency basin modes that result from the interaction between long planetary waves and fast inertia-gravity waves during the adjustment process. However, most of the studies dealing with this decadal oscillation were carried out in a simplified flat bottom or reduced-gravity quasigeostrophic context.This dissertation aims to study the effect of bottom topography and mean flow on the characteristics of the gravest baroclinic basin modes in a mid-latitude idealized ocean basin. To that end, we make use of a two-layer shallow water (SW) model. Different bathymetries such as a flat bottom, a mid-ocean ridge and continental slopes are studied. Getting the eigenvectors from the linearized model through linear stability analysis around a state of rest reveals that (1) the selection of these modes is set by the explicit dissipation introduced in the model, (2) the oscillation period and decay rate are weakly sensitive to the form and height of the topography. Vorticity and energy budgets are computed in order to give a rationale for the decaying role of the topography via energy conversion from the baroclinic to the barotropic mode. Indeed, the barotropic flow absent in a flat bottom, results accurately from the interaction of the flat-bottomed baroclinic motion with the topographic height. However, the energy conversion under the JEBAR effect remains weaker with respect to the frictional processes.A stationary circulation is now included through wind or thermal forcing. Temporal integrations of the nonlinear model perturbed by coherent baroclinic structures with a gaussian eddy form show the strong interaction between the vortex and the topography. This interaction implies: (1) a westward acceleration of the zonal phase speed (with respect to the classic flat-bottom result), (2) a barotropic circulation built up by the conversion of the baroclinic energy into a barotropic one, and (3) an eddy sign-dependent meridional migration, even in the absence of nonlinear advection. Moreover, the decadal basin mode strongly damped by the topography and the dissipation shows a decrease of its decay rate by the large scale stationary forcing. Its oscillation period is found to be a strong function of the meridional migration of the eastward advection by the mean flow: it is shortened (T ̴ 16 yrs) in the wind-forced experiment and lengthened (T ̴ 22 yrs) with a thermal forcing
Miessner, Frédérick. "Analyse économique de la tarification des services d’eau et d’assainissement en France." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100013.
Full textThis thesis approaches the problems of the tariffing of the water services in two distinct parts which correspond to the two principal elements of the water invoice: The first part relates to the analysis of the French water Agencies taxes and their role of financing water infrastructures. This is an evaluation of the financial redistribution system managed by the water Agencies. From the point of view of their financial function, impact of the collected taxes (via the water bill) and of subsidies granted finally finance the conformity of the infrastructures of water utilities. From the point of view of their function of incentive to the modification of polluting behaviours, the analysis of the system effectiveness of tax and subsidy must integrate the system of standards of emissions. The second part seeks to quantify the impact of the determinants of the price of the water services using econometric models applied to a database describing the drinking water utilities in 1724 communes of the Seine basin. This model proposes to measure the impact of the management model (public or private) and of the mode of organization (communal or inter-commune level) on the final utility price