Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de bien-être'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 47 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Analyse de bien-être.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Canelas, Carla. "Bien-être en Amérique latine : une analyse micro-économétrique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010002.
Full textThe works on this thesis go beyond traditional concepts of welfare, such as income, consumption, and wealth, and include into the analysis time use, discrimination, power relations inside the households, equality of opportunities, and segregation in the labor markets. ln Part 1 of this work, we base our measure of welfare on both a monetary and a time dimensions, including domestic production in the Beckarian sense into the analysis. From a given allocation of monetary and time resources, we calculate consumer's reactions to changes in monetary prices of different commodity groups. We complete the analysis with the calculation of utility changes given the introduction of a tax in the aggregated food group. Part Il of this work is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of labour market outcomes. The third chapter of the thesis studies the discrimination suffered by women and ethnic minorities in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Guatemala by means of quantile decomposition techniques. We complete the analysis with the study of the intra-household allocation of time determinants to paid and unpaid work. Finally, the last chapter focuses on the influence of the minimum wage in shaping the workers's wage distribution and its impact on employment rate in the formai and informai sectors of the economy. The high level of noncompliance, and the important share of informai workers cali for new policies and institutions concerned with the enforcement of labor regulations, and the design of social securitv systems and laws that protect informai workers
Baujard, Antoinette. "Bien-être individuel et justice sociale : fondement, caractérisation formelle et analyse normative." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN0612.
Full textBernard, Nathalie. "Bien-être au travail et performance de l'entreprise : une analyse par les paradoxes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAG002/document.
Full textAt a time when companies, faced with many upheavals, are more than ever in search of performance, and when employees, denouncing working conditions and managerial practices, have never been so demanding of well-being at work, reconciling employee well-being and company performance is a topical issue and a strategic challenge for companies.The literature review and the results of an exploratory qualitative analysis conducted using semi-directive interviews with 55 employees of the RESSIF group (Réseau des Services Sociaux Interentreprises de France) lead us to consider "well-being at work" and "company performance" in terms of paradoxical meta-perspective and to propose ways to resolve this organizational paradox.To do this, we conducted two quantitative studies. The first study is based on 5300 observations from the working conditions survey of the French Ministry of Labor. The second is based on the answers of 270 companies to an online questionnaire on human resources management practices.Finally, our empirical results conclude that the factors that make it possible to reconcile well-being at work and company performance are, among working conditions, the fight against work intensity and unsustainability and, among human resources practices, the development of employee participation in company decisions, training, promotions and career perspectives and, to a lesser extent, performance evaluation.To conclude this work, theoretical, methodological and managerial contributions are presented, as well as future research paths
Beaudin, Évelyne. "La relation entre le gouvernement et le bonheur : analyse des gouvernements provinciaux canadiens." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7611.
Full textBonnel, Florent. "Bien-être psychologique au travail et performance des équipes : une équipe heureuse est-elle performante ?" Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20077/document.
Full textIn psychology, the concept of « well-being », a positive component of health (Keyes, 2003), has a long history of scientific investigation, positioning this concept at the crossroads of various issues: distinction between hedonist (Diener, 1999) and eudemonic (Ryff, 2014) conceptions, the presence of a specific psychological wellbeing at work (Dagenais-Desmarais, 2012), questionnaire assessment of individual and collective dimensions (Heutte, 2010), connection with team performance (Rousseau, Aubé & Savoie, 2006), multilevel approaches to health prevention at work (Martin 2015). We postulate that a questionnaire measuring simultaneously both one’s own personal well-being and that of one’s team, provides at the same time a reliable appreciation of these two dimensions and a reliable measurement of team effectiveness/performance. This can be achieved through a “double entry” questionnaire based on the « referent shift » method (Chan 1998). By clarifying the translation of psychological wellbeing at work from the individual to the group level, our research (embedded in CIFRE conventions) participates in preventing and accompanying health issues, through its original focus on working teams.Five studies involving 1101 active workers in corporate and French institution have shown that a process of social comparison does contribute to individual answers, with no impact on the psychometric quality of the of the measurement scales. This relationship individual/group, which juxtaposes affiliative vs differentiative needs (Codol, 1973, 1975a, 1975b, 1984; Brewer, 1991, 2007, 2012), helps operate a distancing between regards to one’s self and one’s team in the answers to the double entry questionnaire. These findings open the way to new analysis, based on forecasting team functioning. Moreover, this dissertation offers a new research perspectives into the multi-level measurement of health at work, and calls for complementary investigations on cognitive processes specific to the selected « matrix » method
Garabedian, Charles. "Développement d’un nouvel indice reflet du bien être fœtal : le Fetal Stress Index." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S022/document.
Full textThe monitoring of fetal well being during labor is essentially based on fetal heart rate (FHR) analysis. The recording of FHR, even continuously during labor, does not fully assess fetal oxygenation or neonatal risk of asphyxia. Indeed, this tool is imperfect and subjective with an important inter and intra-operator variability. Second-line examinations to characterize the fetal state are currently used in routine practice, i.e. scalp fetal blood sampling to study the fetal acid-base balance (pH or lactates) or scalp electrode placement to study the fetal ECG (ST segment analysis). These techniques are nevertheless invasive and subject to technical constraints. There is therefore an interest in developing both objective and non-invasive means of evaluating fetal wellbeing to reduce neonatal encephalopathy. Indeed, its prevalence is about 3 to 8 per 1000 births. Post natal mortality is about 25 to 50% and survivors will hav severe diseases (epilepsy, neurologic impairment, cerebral palsy…).One of the possibilities studied to better identify fetuses at risk for acidosis is the analysis of changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in response to hypoxia.Indeed, the regulation of heart rate is dependent on the ANS and thus, its variability is a reflection of the sympathetic / parasympathetic balance. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a recognized non-invasive tool that is used to assess ANS regulation. The CHU Lille has developed a new continuous tool for the analysis of HRV, which demonstrated its efficacity in adults and neonates to evaluate the ANS. The objective of this thesis was to develop its index, called Fetal Stress Index (FSI), in the fetus and to evaluate it in conditions of acidosis.The study was experimental in a sheep model chronically instrumented and was in 2 steps. First, we evaluate the performance of our method compared to commonly used HRV analysis, regarding the ability to detect the variation of variations of the ANS. After injection of atropine, to inhibit parasympathetic tone, or propranolol to block sympathetic activity, we shown that our method appeared to be effective in detecting parasympathetic inhibition and, moreover, was superior to classical analysis of HRV in terms of sensibility and specificity.In a second time, we evaluated this new index as a predictive factor of the fetal acid-base state in 2 experimental models of fetal hypoxia by occlusion of the cord. In the first one, acidosis was obtained through a partial occlusion of the umbilical cord and in the second one, though repetitive complete occlusion as uterine contractions during labor. In those two studies, we observed a raise of our index in case of acidosis with a correlation beetween FSI and pH and also FSI and lactates in the second model.In conclusion, the FSI reflects fetal parasympathetic activity, has a better detection than others usual methods, and seems well correlated to fetal acid-base status. It is a promising index and it will be interesting to incorporate it in a multi parametric analysis of fetal heart rate to predict acidosis
Simon, Geoffray. "Analyse des effets de l'intégration des marchés internationaux sur l'offre de qualité et sur le bien-être." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0676.
Full textThis thesis explores theoretical links between economic integration and firm strategy. In a market structure defined by oligopolistic behavior and vertical product differentiation, two kinds of firm strategy are studied. First, differentiation strategy is analyzed considering both a segmented and integrated market environment. In each case, the impact on consumer surplus, quality supplied and firm profits is analyzed given a decrease in transport costs. Second, Collusion and M&A strategies are studied. The aim of this second part is to demonstrate how economic integration influences firms to collude or merge. Finally, this thesis concludes that economic integration can have counterintuitive effects. It shows that firms develop strategies to offset a more competitive economic environment which may lessen global welfare
Delepaut, Gaëlle. "Contribution de la linguistique cognitive à l’identification du confort : analyse des discours des passagers sur le confort en train." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030094.
Full textThis work associates linguistic and psychological theories in order to develop knowledge concerning the relations between language and cognition. Our application area is the concept of comfort aboard trains. Surveys have been conducted during railroad trips in order to collect the passengers’ feeling on this multisensorial concept. Linguistic analyses - regarding lexical, syntactic, morphologic and semantic aspects - were carried out on the corpus of these answers to the questionnaire: speakers’ implication has been observed in their discourses, spotting regularities and differences the speakers use. By this way, the semantic properties of comfort aboard trains and the cognitive relationships between those sensorial properties have been identified. The linguistic analysis is further grounded into cognitive hypotheses that deal with the structures of the conceptual representations on comfort aboard trains. We also develop a methodology aiming at the identification of more or less typical properties. Our conclusions concern the productivity of the correlations between linguistic forms and cognitive structures. We comment on how French language and discourse are articulated. And we determine how each of the linguistic, the psychological and the physical disciplines describe differently and sincerely, their own perception of the real world
Prati, Alberto. "Mémoire et bien-être subjectif : analyse empirique des comportements de mémoire endogène chez le travailleur et le consommateur." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200904_PRATI_238nvho229m42eb46ryke_TH.pdf.
Full textIn this dissertation, we explore how people who report different levels of well-being recall economically relevant information differently. In chapter 1, we start by documenting a correlation between the way people recall the amount of wage they earn and the current satisfaction with their wage: satisfied workers tend to over-estimate their wage and vice-versa unsatisfied workers tend to under-estimate it. In chapter 2, we study how individuals who are more or less satisfied with their overall lives recall their past wellbeing. Once again, we uncover a deep asymmetry: happy people tend to over-state the improvement of their lives over time and unhappy people tend to under-state such evolution. Chapter 3 is devoted to understanding the causes of these asymmetric patterns of recall. In a laboratory experiment, we investigate if people forget personal failures in order to feel better or because they feel good. Our results are compatible with the first hypothesis, but contradict the second one. Finally, chapter 4 applies the knowledge built by the previous chapters and uses individual recalled information to infer the effect of heterogeneous inflation on material well-being inequalities
Schouamé, Ebénézer. "Mesure de la pauvreté : fondement économique, caractérisation formelle et analyse normative." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN0646.
Full textPark, Chanyong. "La répartition des revenus, le bien-être social et la redistribution : analyse théorique appliquée au cas de la Corée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0021.
Full textThis dissertation presented the merits to analyse the economic theory of equity, justice and interdependant utility function, in order to explain the phenomenon fo income distribution and redistribution. This dissertation showed, in addition, the empirical test on their theorical analysis. This dissertation started with an examination of the different inequality measurements - continous Lorenz curve, discrete Lorenz curve, generalized Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient -, and proposed a new inequality index based on the fair allocation conception and a new social welfare function. This dissertation also analysed the optimal income tax rate in the conflicting situation between economic classes
Mededji, Damien Dieudonné Napoléon. "Analyse de la contribution des coopératives et mutuelles de crédit à l'amélioration du bien-être des ménages sociétaires au Bénin." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10373.
Full textThis thesis contributes to analyze the extent to which financial cooperatives contribute to povertyreduction. From this point of view, our analysis focused on both the adequacy of the conceptualframework of these institutions and their impact on members. As for their operation, our analysis showsin the case of Benin that cooperative principles generally applied. However, they face problems offinancial sustainability and governance related to the growth of membership.With regard to their impact on shareholders, our results suggest that in the short term, the integratednature of these institutions has proven globally relevant. As for the financial dimension, it appears fromthe results that the community loan contributes positively to the growth of household income, theincrease of investment in human capital for children through higher education and health spending, butwith a relatively small range. However, the community loan had no effect on the growth of savings. As forthe non-Financial dimension, our results suggest that non-Financial services offered exercise through thestakeholder-Status, a positive influence on the formation of the income of households that arebeneficiaries of the cooperative loan.In the same vein, in terms of economic mobility, our results suggest, in short-Term a relatively lowmobility of recipient households which is also related to the initial state of well-Being. In other words, thefrequency of mobility is upward for all states of welfare for all recipients, except for the poorestshareholder households. Compared to non-Beneficiaries, our results suggest in some ways, a high upwardmobility for beneficiary households. Over a longer term, our results suggest a very slow convergence ofmembers to a state of higher well-Being when the cooperatives are not subject to change in their povertyreduction strategies.In addition, the analysis of the influence of the degree of credit constraints revealed by the shareholderswho were beneficiaries of the community loan, shows that the existence of credit constraints in the supplyside does not seem to have influenced the living standards of beneficiaries who rated the value of the loanreceived as "insufficient" or "very insufficient" in the short term. But, compared to recipients who foundthe value of the loan received "sufficient", our results suggest at first, the existence of a selection bias andin a second step, the chance to escape poverty is lower for this category of beneficiaries compared to therest of the population with the same characteristics but who feel very constrained ("loan received is veryinsufficient") or partially constrained ("loan received is insufficient".)In total, our results highlight that the integrated nature of cooperatives can contribute to economic growthand improve the welfare of poor and vulnerable members, provided that these cooperatives clearly definea strategy in that direction and spread it over a defined period of time. In addition, to achieve this, theseinstitutions need to be supported by external grants or other complementary programs, when oneconsiders their endogenous mode of resource mobilization
Zhu, Yijun. "Contribution à l’évaluation et à la modélisation du bien-être des matériaux textiles habillement par l’utilisation des techniques de calcul avancé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10119/document.
Full textToday, anxious by multiple pressures of job and daily life, consumers aspire resolutely to the well-being. At the same time, with more and more intensive competition, the exploitation of consumer requirements and the development of new personalized products with quick reactivity and reduced expense constitute priority strategies for most of the industries. In this situation, the mastery of the sensory and emotional descriptors of products around the well-being will allow to satisfy at the maximum the specifications and coherence of the brand image as well as more and more complex expectation concluded by the market analysis.To contribute in the « rapid prototyping » tools and satisfy the industrial requirements, this thesis introduces research works on the characterization of criteria of the consumers well-being in textile and apparel field, allowing to realise prototypes adapted to their requirements rapidly. A series of tools are proposed, constituting a decision support system, allowing the designers to choose appropriate physical design parameters, to determine the feasible operation setting space (the setting interval of the chosen physical design parameters), to model the relationship between well-being and design components (fabric hand, style and color), and to evaluate globally the quality of prototypes at several levels
Farah, Georges. "Mise au point d'une méthodologie d'objectivation des avis des clients par fusion de données." Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0002.
Full textThis thesis proposes a tool to objectively assess customers’ opinions on vehicle lateral support, which means how comfort is perceived by car drivers and passengers during turns. Electromyography, skin resistance, passenger displacement and vehicle roll proved to be useful objective indicators during a study on the lateral support of minivans. In addition, an automatic tool that enables the extraction of relevant electromyographic data from noisy recordings was developed. This tool is based on segmentation via CEM (Classification Expectation Maximisation) and on classification via AR (AutoRegressive) modelling. Following step was to model vehicle lateral comfort using only the objective indicators identified above. This thesis proposes a regression tool that copes with multicollinearity and variable selection. The best model was chosen with respect to generalization effort. A sensitivity analysis performed on this model enabled to identify the three most important objective indicators for the prediction of vehicle lateral comfort
Magouangou, Fidèle. "Les retombées économiques de l'intégration régionale : une analyse quantitative à l'aide des modèles d'équilibre général calculable : le cas du Gabon dans l'Union Douanière et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24011.
Full textBoucher, Annabelle. "Sexualité, bien-être sexuel et actualisation sexuelle des individus à la retraite et en santé, âgés de 65 ans et plus et vivant en couple hétérosexuel." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5880.
Full textKhalil, Emam. "Analyse du dumping et de l'antidumping : cas de l'Egypte." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0658.
Full textDatsenko, Radmila. "Économie des politiques d'aide au logement locatif : une analyse du fonctionnement et des effets du secteur locatif social et des allocations logement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12005/document.
Full textHousing belongs to a category of goods for which consumption is a vital need. Yet, il is also a market service and the market may lead to situations where access to housing is difficult for some households. In order to remedy these situations, French public authorities use a variety of measures ; the two main measures are housing allowances and social rental sector. This thesis explores the functioning and the effects of these two measures in terms of housing consumption and total welfare. Our analysis reveals that housing allowances are effective to increase housing consumption but also the consumption of other goods and services. The social rental sector offers to tenants an important reduction on housing price compared to its market value, but this reduction does not make households increase their housing consumption significantly. However, it enables social tenants to reduce their housing budget and to consume more of other goods and services. The analysis of the cumulation of two types of public aids shows that a part of the housing allowances finances social housing consumption which deviates from its optimal level. Finally, this thesis highlights the performance of housing allowances compared to social sector, especially for medium income households. It also reports some inequalities between households due to the functioning of housing aids
Lipp, Amélie. "Question socialement vive et développement du pouvoir d'action des enseignants et des élèves : la question du bien-être animal en élevage dans les lycées professionnels agricoles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20084/document.
Full textThe question of farm animal welfare has sparked strong debate in society and in scientific, technical and professional domains. In the field of education, teaching and learning about farm animal welfare (FAW) as a socially acute question (Legardez & Simonneaux, 2006), is particularly problematic in agricultural schools which train future breeders. The aim of this thesis is to understand how the power to act (Clot, 1999), in relation to the question of FAW, develops (or not) in both teachers and students during teaching-learning situations. We articulate the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the didactics of socially acute questions, the clinic of activity and ethical judgment. Four animal husbandry teachers participated in a protocol with their vocational baccalaureate students. Based on their dialogical activities, we recorded their emotions, ethical judgments and knowledge-representations systems along with their interactions and the conflicts at work to help or hinder the development of their power to act.Our results reveal the barriers and the facilitators to the development of the students’ and teachers’ power to act to improve FAW. We make several recommendations for the training of teachers and students which should help them to overcome certain hurdles and further exploit the potential levers allowing them to widen their range of possibilities
Metivier, Jeanne. "Différends Commerciaux au sein des Pays Membres de l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0165.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to explore how WTO members may respond to trade disputes. In chapter one, we empirically investigate whether the WTO DSS is beyond reach of developing countries. We find that while the structure of trade plays an important role in explaining the probability that a WTO member initiates a dispute at the WTO DSS, the legal capacity and the trade retaliatory capacity of a country also affects its participation in the DSS. In chapter two, we aim to determine the impact of smuggling on economic welfare. We build a partial equilibrium model of trade in which we introduce illegal trade and apply this model to the smuggling of avocado in Costa Rica. Our results show that smuggling improves welfare compared to the “no-smuggling” situation. Compared to the “free-trade” situation, smuggling does not always compensate for the negative effects arising from the restrictive trade measure. In chapter three, we use a general equilibrium model of trade to determine whether the United States may benefit from the threat and/or application of strict reciprocity against its main trading partners. We demonstrate that while the threat of retaliation through reciprocal taxes may generate a global gain, its effective application would reduce the United States and the world’s welfare
Wodociag, Sophie. "Les cadres pendulaires à l'international : caractérisation et analyse de leur relation au travail." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA021/document.
Full textManagers who commute internationally represent an emerging category of personnel. During their international missions, they commute weekly between their headquarters and other worldwide locations. They are neither expatriates, nor sedentary managers. Who exactly are they? What organizational policies and procedures have been implemented to manage and help them? Are their difficulties known and recognized? So many questions that the literature has not yet addressed, whereas the use of shortterm international mobility has increased by 10% since 2002 and a further mobility intensification is foreseen? in the next five years (20% increase). Following an exploratory objective, our research focused on the characterization of the managers who commute internationally and their relationship with the workplace. We utilized several methods (qualitative and quantitative methods, use of the diary study) and complementary theoretical frameworks (Job-Demands – Resources Model (Demerouti and al., 2001) and Psychological Contract (Rousseau, 1989)). Our work consisted of three studies. The first quantitative study (1.841 participants), lead through a partnership with APEC, examined the contours and characteristics of the managers who commute internationally, highlighting the similarity of their level of exhaustion and emotional well-being with that of national commuters and sedentary managers. It confirmed that this category of personnel, more diversified than the expatriates, more feminized, experts as well as managerial profiles, was characterized by a specific behavior. Through the collection of life stories (1 0 participants), the second study defined the psychological contract of the managers who commute internationally: those that sacrificed their time, to the detriment of their private life, in exchange of professional career and enrichment. Conflicts between private and professional life emerged when the international commuting threatened the family well-being; in this situation, spousal support was considered a primary resource. The third study (30participants), a diary study, highlighted the importance of certain resources to manage daily this kind of mobility: professional opportunities, development and psychological detachment limited the burnout level during the mission. Finally, recommendations were addressed in order to improve the organizational valorization of the managers who commute internationally. Indeed, these later are the intermediary between the headquarters and the subsidiaries of multinationals, they diffuse the organizational information and culture. They represent a fundamental intangible value that the organization has to care of
I quadri pendolari internazionali rappresentano una categoria di personale emergente. A seconda delle loro missioni internazionali, viaggiano ogni settimana tra la loro sede di lavoro e altri paesi per il mondo. Essi non sono né degli espatriati e né dei quadri tradizionali. Chi sono realmente? Quale strumento di gestione ha implementato l’azienda per inquadrarli? Si conoscono le loro difficoltà ? Sono queste prese in considerazione dall’azienda? Tante domande che la letteratura non ha ancora affrontato, mentre l'uso della mobilità internazionale a breve termine è aumentato del 10% dal 2002 e tenderà ad intensificarsi ulteriormente nei prossimi cinque anni, con una crescita prevista del 20%. Con un obiettivo esplorativo, questa ricerca si interessa alla caratterizzazione dei quadri pendolari nella mobilità internazionale e della loro relazione con il lavoro. Lo studio è basato su un insieme di metodologie diversificate (metodologia qualitativa, analisi di dati quantitativi, uso del metodo diary study), su dei modelli teorici di analisi complementari (il JD-R Model (Demerouti et al., 2001) ed su il contratto psicologico (Rousseau, 1989). 3 studi complementari sono stati condotti. Il primo studio quantitativo (1 841 partecipanti) è concentrato sull'esame dei contorni e caratteristiche dei quadri pendolari internazionali, mettendo in evidenza la similarità del loro livello di esaurimento e di benessere emotivo con quello dei pendolari nazionali e quadri sedentari ; ha confermato che questa categoria di personale, più diversificata degli espatriati, più femminilizzata, includendo dei profili sia di esperti che di manager, si comporta in un determinato modo. Attraverso la raccolta di storie di vita (10 partecipanti), il secondo studio, a sua volta, ha definito il contratto psicologico dei quadri pendolari internazionali, essi sacrificano (a discapito della loro vita privata) il loro tempo in cambio di una evoluzione e di un arricchimento professionali. I conflitti tra le sfere di vita emergono quando il pendolarismo internazionale minaccia il benessere delle famiglie; il sostegno del coniuge si presenta allora come una risorsa fondamentale. Infine, il terzo studio (30 partecipanti), di tipo diary study, ha evidenziato l'importanza di alcune risorse per la gestione quotidiana di questo tipo di mobilità: opportunità di sviluppo professionale e distacco psicologico potrebbero contenere il livello di esaurimento professionale durante le trasferte. Infine, sono state suggerite delle raccomandazioni affinché le organizzazioni imparino a valorizzare questa categoria di personale che, facendo spola tra la sede centrale e le filiali delle multinazionali, è portatrice dell’informazione e della cultura dell’ organizzazione e costituisce un rilevante valore immateriale dell’azienda stessa
Xun, Zhou. "Econometric analysis of subjective well-being, preference, perception and dynamics." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2026/document.
Full textThis dissertation studies option variables. These opinions cover specially economic questions such as the level of wellbeing, financial situations, the minimum income question and the preference for redistribution. The treatment of these opinion variables and their relation to conventional economic questions such as income level or dynamics requires the use of special micro-econometric models. In this dissertation, the dynamics panel models are used to study the job status and income mobility. In the 6 chapter, we discuss the dynamic Tobit model with an emphasis on initial conditions. The choice between fixed or random effect is another question. Because subjective variables are ordinal and discrete, the identification of fixed effects is problematic. Random effects are better identified while the estimation difficulty increases with the integration dimension. To solve that, I use intensively simulation method in the study of dynamic multinomial logit model or dynamic tobit model. It is also been applied in the trivariate probit model to measure the conditional correlations among more than 2 ordinal variables
Feschet, Pauline. "Analyse du Cycle de Vie Sociale : pour un nouveau cadre conceptuel et théorique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10003/document.
Full textStrengthening concerns regarding development issues, well-being and quality of ecosystems, generates new economic pressures (labeling, specifications, etc.), standards (regulations, taxation) and also pressures from civil society (“consom'action”, boycott); it requires companies to take into account these issues, that is to say, to identify, assess and improve their impacts. Many tools exist to assess the impacts of product chains but only the method of Life Cyle Assessment allows a comprehensive and multicriteria evaluation, covering transfers of impacts from one stage of the life cycle to the other and from one impact to the next. The development of Social LCA is highly desired and demanded by the actors. The core question of this thesis has been to examine the principles for developing such a method, its conceptual, theoretical and methodological framework. As the identified needs in terms of research are numerous, specific contributions of this work were threefold: i) proposing a new theoretical framework addressing the issues of well-being and development. ii) developing a relationship assessing the impacts of creating economic activity and income on the health of populations, the “Preston Pathway” iii) proposing a methodological framework articulating the Multiple Capitals Model and the Capabilities concept. Food chains, and most specifically, import fruit and vegetables chains, have served as the empirical framework for this thesis
Edwards, José Miguel. "Joyful economists : étude des relations historiques entre analyse économique et analyse psychologique du point de vue de "l'économie du bonheur"." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010063.
Full textBelharet, Mahdi. "L'estimation de la valeur statistique de la vie humaine dans le domaine de la santé : quel fondement normatif pour une estimation monétaire au sein de l'économie du bien-être ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0098.
Full textThe value of statistical life (VSL) is an economic analytical tool, which is defined as the value that a person is ready to pay (WTP) in order to reduce the risk mortality or morbidity. The advantage of such a tool is to monetarily estimate the social benefit of an investment project which is made to reduce the risk, but also to establish an arbitrage between several alternatives. Respond to the moral hazard in a context pertaining to the scarcity of resources, which is perfectly in keeping with VSL. With people’s estimation on their willingness to pay, depending on how they perceive risks and their income level, people are positioned as the sole judges as for the value of their lives. Because people freely determine the WTP depending on their personal preferences and these preferences are included in order to determine a social choice. The value of statistical life doesn’t contradict the normative framework of establishing a decision. Nonetheless, welfarism which is a source of estimating methods of VSL is directly related to utilitarianism. Eventually, the estimated value by VSL is subjective nature. In the health sector, the VSL needs to surpass the subjective framework of an estimation in order to answer the normative ethic which describes the medical practice, especially by taking personal self-sufficiency into account but also the personal notion of a good life and the universal notion of the person. Researching establishing arguments of reference value pertaining to VSL which takes on a normative framework and this is objective when it comes to our work. This theoretically requires an in-depth analysis within the economic theory of well-being
Abbas, Wedian. "Contribution à l’étude et l’évaluation de la qualité et du confort au porter de produits confectionnés : Cas de la chemise homme." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH4414/document.
Full textNowadays there is a growing interest in the relation between the textile materials and human being, and the comfort has become much more important to consumers. For this reason our work is based on optimization of the characterization of the comfort (wearing comfort) in relation with the fabrics used to produce men’s shirts. To achieve this study, several methods of analysis have been used:- Instrumental analysis: To measure mechanical properties, classical characterization tools have been used to measure:Mechanical properties (shear, bending, compression, friction and surface) Thermal comfort (warm-cool sensation)Physical properties (air permeability, capillary absorption ... etc. . .). - Sensory analysis: Thanks to the trained panel that has been developed and used since 2001 at LPMT, the quantitative descriptive evaluation of the selected product using has been carried out.- Hedonic Analysis: Evaluation of comfort by consumer surveys.- Marketing study: To investigate the influence of the brand or some innovative mention like “anti-sweat ring” on the comfort evaluation of fabrics, in comparison with the evaluation realized by touching or by touching-seeing.- Blocks analysis: it aims to optimize the processes of product development, taking in consideration the requested consumer’s satisfactions especially in term of comfort. It consists of studying the relation between the block parameters and the mechanical properties of the fabric used to produce the product.This combination of analysis allows us to have a new conception procedure for the development of clothing product taking in account the comfort and the consumer’s expectation particularly in the men shirt development
Legrand, Romain. "Régimes monétaires et politiques conjoncturelles de stabilisation dans l'espace économique européen : une analyse théorique et empirique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0677/document.
Full textThe introduction of the Euro currency in 1999 represented a major event for the European economies. The 2007 financial crisis and the subsequent 2010 sovereign debt crisis have led to question the sustainability of the Euro area and the capacity of certain member states to fulfil their commitments with respect to the single currency. The numerous austerity plans implemented within the Economic and Monetary Union in the current context of crisis constitute additional arguments for certain states to leave the single currency and retrieve their fiscal and monetary independences. It is not unconceivable anymore for countries such as Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Italy and Spain (the PIIGS) to envisage exiting the Euro area. This thesis considers the issue of determining the optimal monetary regime flexible exchange rates or monetary union for the 17 Eurozone countries, accounting for the current financial and sovereign debt crises. Chapter 1 is general and aims at formally establishing the occurrence of a structural break attributable to the 1999 passage to the single currency. It shows that such a break did take place for Euro area countries around 1992, the year which marked the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty and the settlement of the convergence criteria for the Euro. This break is not shared by the three European States which chose to preserve their own currencies (the United Kingdom, Sweden and Denmark). Chapter 2 constitutes the core of this work. It introduces the benchmark model used to perform the comparison between the two monetary regimes considered for the Euro area. It features a two-country open-economy model integrating financial frictions through cross-border interbank markets. Once calibrated for the Euro area, the model suggests that financial rigidities may play a substantial role in the dynamics of Eurozone economies, with a potentially significant impact of shocks affecting the partner economies over national developments. Preliminary financial crisis simulations run on the model prove inconclusive to assess the performances of the two monetary regimes contemplated. On the one hand, the flexible exchange rate regime results in improved stability, but on the other hand the monetary union typically allows for faster recovery following the initial crisis trigger. The third and final chapter meets a double purpose. It first proposes a formal welfare criteria to assess the respective performances of the two monetary regimes under consideration for the Euro area. It then augments the benchmark model with a number of extensions, so as to integrate sovereign debt and the diverse credit policies (Covered Bonds Purchase Programme and Securities Markets Programme) implemented by the ECB since the beginning of the crisis to the basic framework. The results show that absent credit policies, a vast majority of Euro area members (15 out of 17) would enjoy higher welfare levels under a flexible exchange rate regime. These conclusions nevertheless reverse under the Securities Markets Programme, where a majority of member states then favour the monetary union. This suggests that the ECB has a role to play for the Euro area which goes beyond its primary function of monetary policy maker
Pasquini, Béline. "Mesurer le développement économique en Gaule du Ier siècle av. J.-C. au VIIe siècle ap. J.-C. : analyse méthodologique et épistémologique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H007.
Full text‘Under the Roman rule, through established peace and security, the Gauls … enjoyed wealth and luxury.’ Fustel de Coulanges’ famous argument represents the traditional consensus which is still widely shared within academia: the coming of the Romans made their provinces safe and prosperous, and their downfall left their subjects in the ‘Dark Ages’. However, since the 1970s, the re-evaluations of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages have brought into question the dramatic difference in economic development before and after the Roman occupation. To test the relevance of this conclusion to the Roman Gaul, I use the Gallic region as a case study and re-appraise living conditions from the end of the Iron Age (1st c. BC) to the beginning of the Middle Ages (7th c. AD). When did the Gauls have the best life? When did they fare worst? My dissertation offers an innovative methodological and epistemological framework to synthesize diverse archaeological evidence and measure the economic development in the ancient world. This project applies modern criteria of measuring economic development through two dimensions: growth and well-being. Both dimensions require quantitative analyses to reconstruct the fluctuations. For growth, my core discussion focuses on a critical review of all the proxies and models used to restore the economic conditions through archaeological data. For well-being, I propose multiple models to reflect different aspects (security, inequalities, health, etc.) through material evidence. In the end, my dissertation reveals the possibility of conducting meaningful and sophisticated measurement and discussions of ancient economic development. My re-examinations of previous approaches and data also yields a clear definition of the limits which our evidence can reflect of the ancient world
N'Djambara, Mahamondou. "Que veut dire Richesse ? Du Travail, de l’Argent, du Don et du Vivre Ensemble à Bokokopé (Togo) : une analyse des politiques et pratiques de développement à partir des institutions." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12006/document.
Full text"Eyu", the Human, is born rich, the society impoverishes him by means of the institutions which establish the categories of thought and rules on which the individuals learn to think and act. In Bokokopé in Togo, migrants of the so-called kabyè ethnic group benefit from development projects. The purpose of these projects is to increase the income of these peasants, guaranteeing an improvement of living conditions and well-being. But the different stakeholders of this process do not share this style of thought which links well-being to income. Therefore, many difficulties to adopt indicators appear during different evaluations. The main tool of the technicians of development is the Logical Framework. Any unmeasurable and non-logical action is almost excluded. That's how, when Hazou decides, for instance, to sell his goat 'at a loss ' but giving proof that he ' won in friendship ', it provokes questioning. Why does it resist the counting of profitability, the inevitable means to ameliorate its income? This reticence to calculate everything, to quantify everything and to the marketization of all can be understood by referring to the perception of the world that the participants have in Bokokopé as well as of the relationship which they maintain with work (job) and money while living a Community lifestyle. Their actions are determined by several ways of thinking which fluctuate between the logic of the trade world carried principally by certain developmental organizations, and alternately nonprofit principles, in most cases, myths or rituals to which the members of the community adhere
Aubert, Diane. "On the design of fair environmental fiscal policies with workers heterogeneity : three essays in applied theory." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E019.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation studies the incidence of environmental taxation between heterogeneous workers. In a theoretical framework, it analyses the design of environmental fiscal policy in regards with three competing goals : reducing emissions, improving economic efficiency, and limiting economic inequality. It consists of an introduction and three chapters (essays), each of them focusing on a different aspect of the problem. The first chapter uses a model with endogenous education and looks at how environmental taxation can affect efficiency and equity through its effects on educational choices. The second chapter focuses on the impact of green taxes on inequalities and unemployment using a search-friction model. The third one deals with regional disparities in regards with unemployment, wages and preferences
Delattre, Laurence. "Analyse des déterminants des choix de préservation des espaces agricoles et naturels dans les politiques locales d'urbanisme : apports d'une approche multi-méthodes." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0054.
Full textIn a context of strong spatial urban growth and given the social emerging issues related to peri-urban farmland preservation against sprawl, we look into the elements that determine local public choices of urban development, in terms of land consumption and densities. We first consider economic frameworks of analysis from Urban and Welfare Economics that address urban planning decision making. Then, we analyze how a multi-method approach (discourse analysis, text statistics and econometrics on a large municipal database) can help build a theoretical framework adapted to a regulated and decentralized context as the French one. We apply this approach to Southeastern France municipal land use plans (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, "PACA" Region). The result is an enriched framework of analysis that shows the importance of determinants rarely mentioned in the literature and an assessment of their effect on public decision. Particular roles of some agricultural activity characteristics, elected officials' legitimacy, some of the political characteristics, supra¬municipal policies and interactions between municipalities are outlined. We also highlight synergies between qualitative and quantitative methods such as between discourse, text analyses and econometrics, namely in a perspective of generalization to heterogeneous geographical and institutional contexts. Avenues for future research and some recommendations to public decision-makers are lastly proposed for an in-depth examination
Benkhodja, Mohamed Tahar. "Essays on Monetary Policy in an Oil Exporting Economy." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22008.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of external shocks on oil exporting economies and the role of monetary policy in this context. It consists of three essays. In the first essay, we build a Multi-sector Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to investigate the impact of both windfall (an increase in oil price) and boom (an increase in oil resource) on an oil exporting economy. Our model is built to see if the two oil shocks (windfall and boom) generate, in the same proportion, a Dutch Disease effect. Our main findings show that the Dutch disease effect under its two main mechanisms, namely spending effect and resource-movement effect, occurs only in the case of flexible wages and sticky prices, when exchange rate is fixed. We also compare the source of fluctuations that leads to a strong effect in term of de-industrialization. We conclude that the windfall leads to a stronger effect than a boom. Finally, the choice of flexible exchange rate regime helps to improve welfare.In the second essay, we estimate, by using the Bayesian approach, a DSGE model for Algerian economy investigating the dynamic effect of four external shocks (oil price, real exchange rate, international interest rate and foreign inflation), and examining the appropriate monetary policy rule. Our main findings show that, over the period 1990Q1-2010Q4, core inflation target is the best monetary rule to stabilize both output and inflation. In the third essay, we investigate the impact of the recent increase of oil price on a small open oil exporting economy. For this, we estimate a Dynamic, Stochastic, General equilibrium (DSGE) model for some oil producing countries using the Bayesian approach. We consider, in this essay, a sample of 16 oil exporting countries (Algeria, Argentina, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela) over the period from 1980 to 2010, except for Russia where our sample begins in 1992. In order to distinguish between high-dependent and low-dependent countries, we use two indicators : the ratio of fuel exports to total merchandise exports and the ratio of oil exports to GDP. We estimate the median for each ratio on our 16 studied countries. Countries above (below) the median are considered as high (low) oil dependent economies. We verify if the first group is more sensitive to the Dutch disease effect. We also assess the role of monetary policy. Our main findings show that in the first sample, namely high oil dependant economies, 6 countries are affected by the Dutch disease (decrease in the manufacturing production). Low oil dependant countries, are less affected by the fluctuation of oil price. Indeed, only one country has suffered a Dutch disease effect after the shock. Nevertheless, Regarding the appropriate monetary policy rule, we find that both inflation targeting and exchange rate rules may be effective to contain the size of the Dutch disease effect. Our results suggest that in Algeria and Saudi Arabia, inflation targeting offers better performances. We observe the opposite in Gabon, Kuwait, Oman, and Venezuela. Such results are consistent with economic theory. Indeed, we see that in more open economies and smaller countries (in terms of economic size), the exchange rate rule is preferable to inflation rule. Venezuela seems an exception. Such country does not fulfill the traditional criteria favoring the choice of the exchange rule. In fact, this exception is only apparent. First, if we consider the volatility, we see that Venezuela is among the most volatile economy. Second, Venezuela suffers from a fiscal dominance effect: both inflation rate and fiscal deficit are the highest relative to other studied countries
Riaboff, Lucile. "Mise en place d’une méthodologie pour l’analyse de données GPS et accéléromètres afin d’améliorer la gestion du pâturage en élevage de bovins laitiers." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1010.pdf.
Full textGrasslands have been in decline since the 1970s but they can play a major role in the agroecological transition in view of the many assets they have to offer. However, their enhancement through grazing is difficult to implement and directly affects the expected benefits. In this respect, digital tools are being developed to optimise grazing management in the context of precision livestock farming, a concept based on the digital revolution. However, these tools remain marginal and their added value is generally poorly perceived by farmers. The behaviour and position of dairy cows should be used as a support for the development of these tools as they are potential indicators of the state of the resource on the paddock as well as the health and welfare of the animals. Embedded accelerometer and GPS sensors can automatically provide this information but appropriate analysis techniques are required. This thesis consists of (i) implementing a methodology to automatically collect the main behaviours of dairy cows on pasture using embedded accelerometer sensors and (ii) evaluating the potential of this methodology combined with position data to meet the envisaged applications. The methodological framework is based on raw acceleration processing techniques which have not been explored in the concerned community, associated with a combination of algorithms which uses the complementarity between machine learning methods and probabilistic models. Thus, it provides reliable prediction for a wide range of dairy cow behaviours at grazing. The proof of concept also demonstrates the potential of the methodology, combined with animal position data, to detect comfort disorders related to grazing conditions. This approach should therefore support the development of decision tools for optimising grazing management, thus providing a potential lever in the agroecological transition
Roco, Fossa Rodrigo. "Les effets de pairs à la lumière des interactions entre élèves et des dimensions subjectives du vécu scolaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665829.
Full textDiop, Mayoro. "De l'approche monétaire à l'approche par les capabilités : une analyse multidimensionnelle de la pauvreté au Sénégal sur les données de l'Enquête de Suivi de la Pauvreté au Sénégal (ESPS2)." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIME003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose a multidimensional analysis of poverty in Senegal, and to show the importance of integrating the capability approach in the analysis of poverty. This thesis aims at showing that the capability approach is an adequate and appropriate framework for identifying the poor and proves to be of real interest in setting up better public policies in order to fight against poverty relating to the MDGs.This study is divided in two parts. The first part deals with the concept of poverty confronting the traditional monetary approach with the capability approach, and shows the interest of the economics of happiness in the analysis of poverty and well being. In a second phase, the objective is to illuminate methodological options in order to treat the extent of poverty empirically and bring the arguments in favor of the capability approach.The essential features of this thesis revolve around three main contributions. The first one is theoretical. It offers an analysis of poverty in Senegal in terms of capabilities. The second is empirical and provides a multidimensional measure based on the theory of fuzzy sets from the monitoring survey of poverty in Senegal (MSPS 2). The third one is methodological and proposes an original approach consisting of building a core of utilitarian poverty (by comparing the monetary and subjective poverty) and then analyzing the evolution of the core according to the distribution of the degrees of poverty capabilities
Armand, Decker Stéphanie. "Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0189/document.
Full textIndustrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project
Loriquet, Valentin. "Apport d'une réflexion anthropocentrée pour la conception d'appuis dans les transports publics urbains : vers une nouvelle représentation du confort pour le passager." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4041/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to improve passenger comfort in urban public transports by focusing on the perception of supports in the passenger compartment, which are the primary interfaces between the traveler and the rolling stock. An exploration was carried out in order to objectify the touch of surfaces and try to characterize instrumentally the interaction between the passenger and the support, reduced to a tangential touch and a planar contact surface. The study, linking tribology and sensory evaluation, shows the inherent difficulty of the measure of sensations. Tendencies have been observed between tribological and sensory data and encourage to continue on this path. In addition, the notion of comfort is addressed in a comprehensive manner and a new framework is proposed. The reflections initiated in this research wish to pave the way for a human-centered approach for conception, completing the current vision that is very technocentric in the rail environment
Dobrica, Viorica. "Analyse des relations entre les pratiques professionnelles réfléchies et le bien-être pédagogique des enseignants du secondaire." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18375.
Full textThis research explores the relations between the well-designed professional practices of high school teachers and their educational well-being. To do this, we conducted an exploratory research, with a qualitative dominance, among eleven female and two male high school teachers from the Greater Montreal Area. We adopted a sociocognitive approach to document their levels of reflection throughout their relations with their students and colleagues and their relations with dimensions of educational well-being among high school teachers. We used two data collection techniques: the Q technique and critical incident technique. To explore these links, we started by examining the change level model of Korthagen and Vasalos (2005), which highlighted the interactions between the specific reflections of six levels of reflection: work environment, schooling-centered behaviors, class management skills, professional beliefs and identify and mission with students. We then explored the concept of the educational well-being of teachers. According to the overall results of our research, the educational well-being of high school teachers is both a dynamic process whose evolution is influenced by what is going on in the work environment, especially in the classroom, and by the teacher’s essential qualities, and a construct based on specific dimensions; three dimensions were used in this study: self-efficacy, commitment and job satisfaction. Educational relations with students seem to be the main source of educational well-being for teachers. Believing in the efficiency of their class management skills and noticing that students are happy to be in their class and are involved in their learning apparently stimulates the commitment and job satisfaction of teachers. Reflections on the characteristics and background of students, including their well-being in the classroom, and professional skills seem to be the aspects of interactions with students that affect the educational well-being of teachers the most. As for interactions between work relations with their colleagues, they seem to have a positive impact on educational well-being, namely through collective reflections on the ordinary situations of professional practices. Lastly, despite certain methodological and conceptual limitations, this study highlights the existence of empirical links between well-designed practices and the educational well-being of high school teachers. It also identifies directions for future research on the reciprocal influences between educational practices and educational well-being, and proposes foresight research ideas.
Gaudreau, Patrick. "Les stratégies de coping utilisées par les athlètes en situation de compétition sportive : développement d'un modèle multidimensionnel du coping de ses antécédents et de ses conséquences." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14725.
Full textde, la Chevrotière Chloé. "Impact des rapports des générations avec les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication sur le bien-être psychologique : une analyse en fonction du genre et du type d’emploi." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24414.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is, firstly, to verify the link between the predisposition of individuals towards new information and communication technologies (NICTs) and their level of psychological well-being. It then seeks to verify whether this link varies when individuals belong to different generations. Finally, it assesses whether gender and type of employment influence the link between the relationship to NICTs and the level of psychological well-being. The study was carried out among 1034 panelists of the Observer. The results of this study show that there is a link between specific dimensions of individuals' relationship to NICTs and the level of psychological well-being. Moreover, this relation is sometimes moderate depending on the generation to which the individuals belong. Furthermore, our results show no connection between gender or sector of activity and the level of psychological well-being. However, the higher an individual's level of education, the higher his or her level of psychological well-being. Part-time employment is also associated with a decrease in the level of psychological well-being among individuals belonging to certain generations.
Fortin, Isabel. "Violence conjugale et détresse psychologique chez les jeunes couples : analyse de l'effet modérateur du soutien social." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9771.
Full textYoung adults are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than older adults but little is known about the effect of confiding to others about the sustained violence on their mental health. The objective of this study was to explore the links between IPV, help-seeking and psychological distress by gender in a sample of 233 young couples. Our findings indicate that for women, the frequency of sustained psychological violence, but not of physical violence, was positively associated to psychological distress and that for these women, seeking help from a greater number of confidents decreased the strength of the association between violence and their level of psychological distress. Secondly, for men, the frequency of physical and psychological violence were both positively linked to psychological distress but unlike women, the more people they talked to about the violence they have sustained, the greater their level of distress was.
Resende, Carlos de. "Essais sur la détermination du niveau des prix et sur les petites économies ouvertes avec des contraintes d'endettement." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/726.
Full textEngler, Kim. "On the health and wellbeing of single working women without children : an analysis of scientific and lay discourse." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5311.
Full textThis thesis examines interpretations of the health and wellbeing of single working women without children (SWWWC) in two types of discourse: that of published research in periodicals (scientific) and that of qualitative interviews with members of this group (lay). Demographically, this group’s numbers are significant (28% of employed Canadian women), however, its health and wellbeing is little visible in research. Within the social sciences, research is burgeoning on the challenging experience of being a single adult in couples-oriented cultures, emphasizing the stigma of this status and also how it may be unwittingly perpetuated through research practices. By defying normative expectations pertaining to coupled and family life, SWWWC appear a useful group from which to assess this claim. Drawing on both scientific and lay accounts allows an exploration of the tensions and convergences between them. Samples of 32 scientific articles and 22 interview transcripts were drawn on in the discourse analysis, guided by the concepts of interpretative repertoire (coherent ways of writing about a topic) and subject positions (identities). This research gave rise to three articles. The first analyzes common themes in the explanation of the health/wellbeing of this group in scientific research and identifies an interpretative repertoire termed the family as reference. This repertoire accounts for the frequent explanation of their health by referring to the states and characteristics of holding parental or partner roles. This could obscure their lives or cast them as relatively impoverished, reinforcing single woman stereotypes. Article 2 examines how members of this population construct their own wellbeing. It identifies notions of balance between various life spheres and a positioning as dynamic as central. These challenge understandings of singles/the childless as having lives lacking in breadth or fulfillment, or as untouched by issues of work-life balance. Article 3 brings the scientific and lay materials together over the topics of singleness and paid work in relation to health and wellbeing, highlighting their many similarities and differences. The possible functions of the various interpretations are theorized. I conclude that a more critical perspective on coupled/family status can offer public health research a point of added reflexivity.
Auger, Claudine. "Évaluation des effets de l'utilisation des aides à la mobilité motorisées chez les personnes âgées de plus de 50 ans." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3734.
Full textMobility-related subsidy programs are being challenged by the aging of the population as adults aged over 50 years become the most prevalent users of power mobility devices (PMDs), such as power wheelchairs and scooters. The thesis examines the impacts of PMDs for middle-aged and older adults during the first 18 months of use. Our research question concerns the nature and magnitude of outcomes pertaining to effectiveness, social significance and subjective well-being, as well as the factors associated with outcomes. The thesis comprises three sections: conceptual, methodological and analytical. The main results are presented in four manuscripts. The conceptual section includes a systematic review that reveals the limited coverage and low level of evidence of PMD outcomes for middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, this section supports a conceptual framework linking intention to use the PMD, mobility habits, three dimensions of outcomes (effectiveness, social significance, subjective well-being) and four categories of co-factors asociated with the use of assistive technology (person, assistive device, intervention, environment). The methodological section assembled 5 questionnaires and 18 indicators, matched to the conceptual framework, and verified their applicability for a telephone administration. Two questionnaires required transcultural validation studies with PMD users (n=45, age 50-84 years) that confirmed the test-retest reliability and the equivalence of the questionnaires with the original versions. Finally, the analytical section examined the impact of PMDs on 3 cohorts (n=116, age 50-89 years), recruited as a function of stage of usage, and explored key factors asociated with greater life-space mobility. Cohort comparisons showed significantly greater life-space mobility for initial and long term users than for the reference group waiting for the PMD. Moreover, frequency of outings was higher for PMD users in the neighbourhood and around home. Age-adjusted linear regression analyses found greater life-space mobility associated with gender, the nature of PMD activities and device type. The thesis supports considering the environment and a combination of personal and device factors to appreciate PMD outcomes during the first months of use. The results are useful for rehabilitation services as they confirm the utility of following up PMD outcomes and identify key determinants of mobility for middle-aged and older PMD users.
Keita, Mama. "Impacts des migrations forcées sur les pays hôtes." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2254.
Full textPerafan, Ledezma Astrid Lorena. "Enquête exploratoire sur la perception de la qualité de vie des résidents de Popayán, Colombie." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16866.
Full textDurand, Jean-Christophe. "L’émission des comportements inadaptés au travail : adaptation ou explication quant à la relation entre la perception de la justice organisationnelle et la santé psychologique des individus au travail." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11676.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis treats of the relation between perception of organizational justice, emission of misbehaviours at work, and individuals’ psychological health at work. In addition to developing and undertaking a validation process for a measuring scale of misbehaviours at work, the present thesis proposes that these behaviours may occupy either a protective or an explicative role in the relationship that unites the perception of organizational justice with individuals’ psychological health at work. Within the thesis, the first article lists scientific literature concerning the perception of organizational justice, the emission of misbehaviours at work, and individuals’ psychological health at work. This article also includes a revue of links that unite the variables presently at study. Following this review, two conceptual models about possible roles played by misbehaviours at work in the relationship between perception of organizational justice and individuals’ psychological health at work are developed. More precisely, these models are conceptualisation of the moderating and mediating roles of inadequate work behaviours. The second article’s goal is the development of a measuring scale for misbehaviours at work and testing its psychometric proprieties. In this context, exploratory and confirmatory statistical analyses were made. Also, in order to support the criterion value of the proposed tool, a correlation analysis was made with the criteria of adaptation. The results showed that certain psychometric values were validated. The third article empirically examines the conceptual models developed about the possible roles played by misbehaviours at work in the relationship between perception of organizational justice and individuals’ psychological health at work. Organisational justice perception was analysed under distributive, procedural, informational and interpersonal components. As for individuals’ psychological health at work, it was observed through the psychological well-being and distress elements. The different multiple hierarchical regression analyses helped observe the absence of a moderator role for misbehaviours at work. Using the Sobel test showed the presence of a mediator role for misbehaviours at work in the relationship between the interpersonal organizational justice component and well-being, as well as psychological distress at work. This same test highlighted the mediator role of misbehaviours at work in the relationship between the distributive component of organizational justice and the psychological distress at work of individuals. Finally, the conclusion of this thesis presents a synthesis of the results and highlights the limits and future research ideas.