Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de concepts relationnels'
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Wajnberg, Mickaël. "Analyse relationnelle de concepts : une méthode polyvalente pour l'extraction de connaissances." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0136.
Full textAt a time where data, often interpreted as "ground truth", are produced in gigantic quantities, a need for understanding and interpretability emerges in parallel. Dataset are nowadays mainly relational, therefore developping methods that allows relevant information extraction describing both objects and relation among them is a necessity. Association rules, along with their support and confidence metrics, describe co-occurrences of object features, hence explicitly express and evaluate any information contained in a dataset. In this thesis, we present and develop the relational concept analysis approach to extract the association rules that translate objects proper features along with the links with sets of objects. A first part present the mathematical part of the method, while a second part highlights three case studies to assess the pertinence of such a development. Case studies cover various domains to demonstrate the method polyvalence: the first case deals with error analysis in industrial production, the second covers psycholinguistics for dictionary analysis and the last one shows the method application in knowledge engineering
Mimouni, Nada. "Interrogation d'un réseau sémantique de documents : l'intertextualité dans l'accès à l'information juridique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD084/document.
Full textA collection of documents is generally represented as a set of documents but this simple representation does not take into account cross references between documents, which often defines their context of interpretation. This standard document model is less adapted for specific professional uses in specialized domains in which documents are related by many various references and the access tools need to consider this complexity. We propose two models based onformal and relational concept analysis and on semantic web techniques. Applied on documentary objects, these two models represent and query in a unified way documents content descriptors and documents relations
Bendaoud, Rokia. "Analyses formelle et relationnelle de concepts pour la construction d'ontologies de domaines à partir de ressources textuelles hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420109.
Full textDes expériences pratiques ont été menées dans deux domaines d'application : l'astronomie et la microbiologie.
Ferreirone, Mariano. "Extraction and integration of constraints in multiple data sources using ontologies and knowledge graphs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025LORR0013.
Full textThis thesis explores the introduction of Shapes Constraint Language graphs in semantic environments which present heterogeneous sources and different context requirements. This research presents a proposal for the enrichment of Semantic Web based systems, providing benefits for several domains such as the Industry 4.0. The thesis starts with a wide review of the current works related to the validation of semantic constraints on knowledge representation models. Based on a systematic literature review, a definition of a taxonomy which describes the related types of works is proposed. The open challenges related to the creation of shape graphs and their inclusion in existing semantic environments are highlighted. The needs for a shape graph representation which is able to attend different contexts and for the integration of shape graphs stand out. Based on the Shapes Constraint Language standards, a semantic restriction model which represents groups of shapes which share target and could hold inter-shape conflicts is presented. A pre-validation configuration process to activate the model's sub-graph that best fits the current context is described. Moreover, an approach for the integration of these graphs which belongs to a common environment is proposed. The integration procedure resolves the constraint conflicts with the specialization of shapes. A practical use case based on the French Ski School demonstrates the usability of the proposed contributions. Evaluations of the correctness and consistency of the generated shape graph are carried out. The implemented procedures' performance is also evaluated. The thesis concludes by summarizing the contributions and suggesting future research directions to further improve the integration and representation of Shapes Constraint Language graphs
Osman, Guedi Abdoulkader. "Évolution et transformation automatisée de modèles de systèmes d’information : une approche guidée par l’analyse formelle de concepts et l’analyse relationnelle de concepts." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20239/document.
Full textThe rapidly changing needs among other things due to technical innovation, competition and regulation often leads to describe the context for the study of conceptual models in information systems to facilitate the evolution of operating systems. The development of these models is carried out in several phases during which several working teams of different nature, providing each participant's perception of the system to be built is limited to the part of his area of specialization. It must then reconcile the different perceptions.The main objective of the thesis is to design mechanisms to obtain a share of the model factoring concepts common to several models and, secondly, to provide designers with a methodology for monitoring the evolution of factorization.To perform the factorization, we have implemented the Formal Concept Analysis and Relational Concepts Analysis (RCA), which are methods of analysis based on the theory of lattice data. In a set of entities described by features, both methods extract formal concepts that combine a maximum of entities to a maximum set of shared characteristics together. These formal concepts are structured in a partial order of specialization that provides with a lattice structure.The CRA can complement the description of the entities by relationships between entities.The first contribution of the thesis is a textbf {method a model for analyzing the evolution of the factorization based on the FCA and the RCA}. This method builds the capacity of the AFC and the CRA to emerge in a model of thematic abstractions higher level, improving semantic models. We show that these methods can also be used to monitor the analytical process with stakeholders. We introduce metrics on the design elements and the concept lattices which are the basis for the development of recommendations. We conduct an experiment in which we study the evolution of the 15 versions of the model class of information-Pesticides EIS system.The second contribution of this thesis is a textbf {depth study of the behavior of the RCA on UML models.} We show the influence of model structure on different variables studied (such as execution time and memory used) through several experiments on 15 versions of the EIS-Pesticides model. For this, we study several configurations (choice of elements and relations in the meta-model) and several parameters (choice of using unnamed elements, choice of using airworthiness). Metrics are introduced to guide the designer in managing the process of factoring and recommendations on the preferred configurations and settings are made.The last contribution is a textbf {approach to inter-model factorization} to group in a model all the concepts common to different source models designed by different experts. In addition to the consolidation of common concepts, this analysis produces new abstractions generalizing existing thematic concepts. We apply our approach on 15 versions of the model EIS-Pesticides.All this work is part of a research framework which aims to factor thematic concepts within a model and control metrics by the profusion of concepts produced by the FCA and especially by RCA
Nica, Cristina. "Exploring sequential data with relational concept analysis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD032/document.
Full textMany sequential pattern mining methods have been proposed to discover useful patterns that describe the analysed sequential data. Several of these works have focused on efficiently enumerating all closed partially-ordered patterns (cpo-patterns), that makes their evaluation a laboured task for experts since their number can be large. To address this issue, we propose a new approach, that is to directly extract multilevel cpo-patterns implicitly organised into a hierarchy. To this end, we devise an original method within the Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) framework, referred to as RCA-SEQ, that exploits the structure and properties of the lattices from the RCA output. RCA-SEQ spans five steps: the preprocessing of the raw data; the RCA-based exploration of the preprocessed data; the automatic extraction of a hierarchy of multilevel cpo-patterns by navigating the lattices from the RCA output; the selection of relevant multilevel cpo-patterns; the pattern evaluation done by experts
Al-Msie'Deen, Ra'Fat. "Construction de lignes de produits logiciels par rétro-ingénierie de modèles de caractéristiques à partir de variantes de logiciels: l'approche REVPLINE." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015102.
Full textMiné, Antoine. "Domaines numériques abstraits faiblement relationnels." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136630.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous introduisons plusieurs nouveaux domaines numériques abstraits et en particulier le domaine des zones (permettant de découvrir des invariants de la forme X-Y≤c, des zones de congruence (X≡Y+c [b]) et des octogones (±X ±Y≤c). Ces domaines sont basés sur les concepts existants de graphe de potentiel, de matrice de différences bornées et sur l'algorithmique des plus courts chemins. Ils sont intermédiaires, en terme de précision et de coût, entre les domaines non relationnels (tel celui des intervalles), très peu précis, et les domaines relationnels classiques (tel celui des polyèdres), très coûteux. Nous les nommons " faiblement relationnels ". Nous présentons également des méthodes permettant d'appliquer les domaines relationnels à l'analyse de nombres à virgule flottante, jusqu'à présent uniquement réalisable par des domaines non relationnels donc peu précis. Enfin, nous présentons des méthodes génériques dites de " linéarisation " et de " propagation de constantes symboliques " permettant d'améliorer la précision de tout domaine numérique, pour un surcoût réduit.
Les méthodes introduites dans cette thèse ont été intégrées à Astrée, un analyseur spécialisé dans la vérification de logiciels embarqués critiques et se sont révélées indispensables pour prouver l'absence d'erreurs à l'exécution de logiciels de commande de vol électrique. Ces résultats expérimentaux viennent justifier l'intérêt de nos méthodes pour des cadre d'applications réelles.
Souza, De Oliveira Roberto. "Méthode d'élaboration d'un benchmark pour les SGBD relationnels." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ESAE0012.
Full textBendaoud, Rokia Napoli Amedeo. "Analyses formelle et relationnelle de concepts pour la construction d'ontologies de domaines à partir de ressources textuelles hétérogènes." S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2009_0054_BENDAOUD.pdf.
Full textEl, Zant El Kadhi Nahla. "Recherche de motifs relationnels dans des séquences : application aux séquences biologiques." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132037.
Full textAvarguès-Weber, Aurore. "Cognition visuelle chez l'abeille Apis mellifera : catégorisation par extraction de configurations spatiales et de concepts relationnels." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1251/.
Full textIn this work we studied the cognitive sophistication reached by the honeybee Apis mellifera when analysing its visual environment. Thanks to a new-designed learning protocol allowing better performance of bees' visual discrimination, we studied visual stimuli classification by categorization and concept formation. In the first case, bees grouped visual objects into classes defined by perceptual similarity; in the second case, bees extract abstract rules from visual stimuli (e. G. 'bigger than') instead of their specific physical properties. We studied in particular stimuli categorization based on a "face-like" configuration. We show that this insect can extract relationships between the elements of a schematic face and combine them to define a category. Thus, novel stimuli presenting this configuration would be process as member of the category of interest. Moreover, bees seem to naturally use configuration to recognize visual objects. This processing is thus not only inducing by our training procedure. We also studied the bees' acquisition of spatial relational concepts such as "above" or "below", regardless of the elements involved in these relationships. The bee has, in addition, shown its ability to combine two different concepts (spatial relationship and difference between the elements involved in the relationship) in a rule in order to obtain a reward. This rule is transferable to novel physically different stimuli. These results demonstrate an unsuspected level of analysis and abstraction in an invertebrate and open debate on the neural minimum architecture required to achieve such cognitive complexity
Zouari, Dorsaf. "Analyse des mécanismes de coordination contractuels et relationnels au sein des chaines logistiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG014.
Full textIn a supply chain, the value creation potential can only be achieved through effective management of inter-organizational relationships (Madhok and Tallman, 1998). Xu and Beammon (2006) underline the need for a set of resources and tools to manage interdependencies and take consistent decisions while emphasizing the importance of coordination mechanisms. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to figure out elements that make up the inter-organizational coordination in the supply chain. Moreover, we analyze inter-organizational coordination between supply chain partners and the role of contractual and relational mechanisms for managing their interests and resolve conflicts. More specifically, through this Dissertation we seek to answer the following question: What is the impact of coordination mechanisms and contractual relationship on inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain? To better understand this phenomenon, a qualitative study was conducted with fifteen professionals in supply chain management field. A thematic content analysis helped define more accurately the various components of inter-organizational coordination. The collected materials were confronted with the analysis of the literature and then tested on a sample of 216 respondents in the field of supply chain management. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using a principal component analysis in order to purify our scales. We then used the PLS -PM of structural equation models (Partial Least Squares Regression) to estimate the convergent and discriminant validity of the measurement scales validity. This method allowed us to validate our research hypotheses concerning the model of inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain. The results of this research highlight the link between the mechanisms of coordination and contractual relationship and their impact on collaboration, their roles in mastering the difficulties of coordination and their weight on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the contract. We also studied an impact on the type of partner (strategic, non-strategic) on inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain
Munch, Mélanie. "Améliorer le raisonnement dans l'incertain en combinant les modèles relationnels probabilistes et la connaissance experte." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB011.
Full textThis thesis focuses on integrating expert knowledge to enhance reasoning under uncertainty. Our goal is to guide the probabilistic relations’ learning with expert knowledge for domains described by ontologies.To do so we propose to couple knowledge bases (KBs) and an oriented-object extension of Bayesian networks, the probabilistic relational models (PRMs). Our aim is to complement the statistical learning with expert knowledge in order to learn a model as close as possible to the reality and analyze it quantitatively (with probabilistic relations) and qualitatively (with causal discovery). We developped three algorithms throught three distinct approaches, whose main differences lie in their automatisation and the integration (or not) of human expert supervision.The originality of our work is the combination of two broadly opposed philosophies: while the Bayesian approach favors the statistical analysis of the given data in order to reason with it, the ontological approach is based on the modelization of expert knowledge to represent a domain. Combining the strenght of the two allows to improve both the reasoning under uncertainty and the expert knowledge
Lecocq, Xavier. "Comportements d'acteurs et dynamique d'un réseau interorganisationnel : le phénomène des écarts relationnels." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50374-2003-23.pdf.
Full textPlociniczak, Sébastien. "L' encastrement social des marchés : éléments théoriques et empiriques pour une analyse en termes de réseaux relationnels." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131021.
Full textDespite the core role played by market in economic theoretical frameworks, the market is still little addressed and finally remains a vague type at best equivoque. This thesis aims to contribute to a collective pattern devoted to the diversification of market analysis since the 70s. This collective pattern is the New Economic Sociology, founded and built on a central idea, i. E. The embeddedness. In the perspective of Karl Polanyi and Mark Granovetter’s works, the thesis intends thus to enlighten first the use of this idea as the necessary clarification does not occur until now. Then, it puts forward the fact that an analysis of markets may definitely benefit from a deeper understanding of the multilateral logic of relational networks. At last, on the based of main assumptions defined in this thesis, the robustness of the heuristic contractual model of the Transaction Costs Economics depicted by Oliver E. Williamson is assessed
Quidu, Frédérique. "Processus relationnels et stratégies de réorganisation du système hospitalier français : une analyse dynamique des accords de coopération." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20031/document.
Full textHospital organizations undertook relational processes structuring since the years 1970, under the increasing pressure of the reforms which followed one another in this sector. These connections caused a diversity of relational forms identifiable by very varied legal status. These relational processes also inform us on the statute of the relation: stable, unstable, transitory, etc. The analysis of the relational processes in the hospital field caused only few studies, contrary to the industrial sector where the cooperation agreements were the object of many written papers. The object of our research is to identify and explain the structures and the way of functioning of the relational processes which are implemented in the hospital sector and to analyze the passage of a relational form to another. Our empirical application concerned 83 relational forms (formal and unformal) which were established within the French hospital system between 1977 and 2012 with at least one of the protagonists belonging to the public sphere. The implementation of several analyses whose taxonomy made it possible to bring out original and stimulative results for the development of a research area in emergence. The relational processes in the hospital sector and the cooperation agreements of the industrial sector indeed show contrasted characteristics. Moreover, the elaboration of a grid of analysis of the relational processes made it possible to classify the relational forms using only three criteria. This work, based on a thoroughly statistical analysis, gives an explanatory and prospective dimension to our research on the connections in the hospital sector
Aguilar, Río José Ignacio. "Pour une analyse de la "présentation de soi" de l'enseignant de L2 : Style revendiqué, aspects relationnels, décisions interactionnelles." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547680.
Full textRostaing, Hervé. "Veille technologique et bibliométrie : concepts, outils, applications." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01550050.
Full textÉvrard, Yves. "Les consommations culturelles : concepts et méthodologies." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090045.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to gather a set of works dealing with consumption of arts and medias (cultural goods), both at a conceptual level and a methodological one. Its first part, after delineating the research area, identifies the main specificities of cultural goods and analyzes their consequences on management and marketing for artistic organizations. In the framework of consumer behavior theory, the second part is devoted to research aiming at a better understanding of consumption of cultural goods, at the level of its antecedents, choice processes and satisfaction judgements. Main dimensions and structure of consumption experience are identified and analyzed in the case of medias (newspapers, radio and television broadcasting) and electronic apparels. Finally, the third part exposes the methodological framework (data collection and multivariate analysis), particular multidimensional scaling and causal models
Aziz-Ouazzani, Saloua. "John Locke : termes, concepts et théorie." Lyon 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO20030.
Full textLocke's aim is to show how language can be a suitable means to express knowledge. He distinguishes between civil use and philosophical use of words. Knowing particulars contained in the signification of words is a necessary condition to the right use of language. Locke is the pioneer of the distinction between lexical words and terminology as well as componential analysis
Magnier, Jeoffrey. "L’habitat participatif au prisme de ses acteurs : une analyse des mécanismes d’institutionnalisation et des effets relationnels appuyée sur deux opérations lilloises." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A021/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on the inclusion of cohousing, since the early 2010, in a process of institutionalization in which the interests of associative and political actors converge. These city initiatives, which appeared in the mid-2000s under various names, were unified under the term "habitat participatif" in 2010, thus demonstrating the will to appear as a single movement representing greater social and environmental values compared to the traditional housing stock. However, these operations were not the first of their kind with similar collective projects emerging from the late 1970s until the mid-1990s under various names: self-managed group housing, grouped housing or shared housing. Beside the generational difference, this work focuses on the mechanisms of temporal, social and political transformations of the cohousing movement, as well as their effects on the actors involved. For five years, the study was based on two Lille Metropole operations that emerged in these two historical contexts, thus making it possible to study the results of a varied qualitative analysis. To strengthen the approach and to highlight evolution patterns, I put the French case into perspective with the examples of Denmark and the Canton of Geneva. Guided by the principles of urban sociology and by interactionism, without strictly sticking to them, I first develop the theoretical and methodological framework of this research. Then I move on to make a historical and thematic analysis of the genesis of construction, ranging from the historical implications of living together and the conception of the common, to associative construction over the decades. I believe that a detour in the genesis of this phenomenon is an essential prerequisite to understand the mechanisms of action and their effects on political and professional actors, whose practices and uses are rooted in a world where the inhabitant is often only a minor figure. The inhabitant actor is the ultimate object of analysis of this work, in both an individual and a collective dimension. This is mainly done, on the one hand, to grasp the reasons to get involved in these alternative long-term projects and, on the other hand, to highlight the changes induced in the vision and the living practices
Boukhetta, Salah Eddine. "Analyse de séquences avec GALACTIC – Approche générique combinant analyse formelle des concepts et fouille de motifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS035.
Full textA sequence is a sequence of ordered elements such as travel trajectories or sequences of product purchases in a supermarket. Sequence mining is a domain of data mining that aims an extracting frequent sequential patterns from a set of sequences, where these patterns are most often common subsequences. Support is a monotonic measure that defines the proportion of data sharing a sequential pattern. Several algorithms have been proposed for frequent sequential pattern extraction. With the evolution of computing capabilities, the task of frequent sequential pattern extraction has become faster. The difficulty then lies in the large number of extracted sequential patterns, which makes it difficult to read and therefore to interpret. We speak about "deluge of patterns". Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a field of data analysis for identifying relationships in a set of binary data. Pattern structures extend FCA to handle complex data such as sequences. The GALACTIC platform implements the Next Priority Concept algorithm which proposes a pattern extraction approach for heterogeneous and complex data. It allows a generic pattern computation through specific descriptions of objects by monadic predicates. It also proposes to refine a set of objects through specific exploration strategies, which allows to reduce the number of patterns. In this work, we are interested in the analysis of sequential data using GALACTIC. We propose several descriptions and strategies adapted to sequences. We also propose unsupervised quality measures to be able to compare between the obtained patterns. A qualitative and quantitative analysis is conducted on real and synthetic datasets to show the efficiency of our approach
Perru, Olivier. "Analyse épistémologique des concepts d'individualité et d'association : les degrés de l'association." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010639.
Full textThe history of the sciences and the epistemology of biology can be used to specify the signification contents of the concept of association in the living world. The study of symbiosis in particular can lead to a more precise analysis of association in the sense of mutual interdependence, with common corollaries : need, complementarity and the division of functions. The most integrated cases underline the appearance of a new individuality, by the establishment of a unity of life and new structures. The analogy allows the underlining of what is common between human and animal societies, to discuss, and be precise about human specificities, the substance of cooperation and association. The diversity of the human socio-political structure would appear to result from the diversity of the researches in this subject. Only the common good seems to justify the stability of diverse human forms of the individual's associations in the city
Samgba, Aiah Erastus. "L'enseignant, l'apprenant et la société : Analyse de problèmes relationnels en milieu scolaire dans le cadre de l'enseignement du français en Sierra Leone." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30018.
Full textPostoev, Ivan. "Les mots sans les choses : concepts culturels, référence et interprétation." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0072.
Full textThe object of this study is ‘cultural concepts’, which are characterizled by the absence of material referents and play an important role in cultural communication and interpretation. The purpose of the study is to show that cultural concepts constrtute a separate class of concepts ; describe their specific properties, and apply the results to a number of literary texts. The first part contains a survey of theoretic hypotheses elaborated in philosophy (Kant, Rickert, Cassirer, Searle, Weitz) and linguistics (Benveniste, cognitive semantics, Wierzbicka). The second part concerns the specific properties of cultural concepts, eg. Implication of an 'exemplary‘ situation and their systematic and ideological aspect. Their historic aspect is discussed in connection with the theories of Foucault and the principles of history of mentalities. The results are applied to a number of French and English literary texts dating back from 17th to 20th centuries
Jay, Nicolas. "Découverte et représentation des trajectoires de soins par analyse formelle de concepts." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585411.
Full textBontemps, Cyril. "Exploration et analyse de la diversité des rhizobia : nouveaux outils et concepts." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10224.
Full textHammoud, Achraf. "Charge par induction de véhicules électriques : analyse du potentiel, limitations, nouveaux concepts." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS022/document.
Full textScientific progress in battery field related to autonomy has made electric vehicles really competitive. However, there is a problem that hasn’t been solved yet, the duration of the charge which still high, even if high power chargers are used. Inductive charging could be a solution to that problem because the infrastructure can become almost transparent for the user if it is implemented in car park areas.The aim of this PhD work is to evaluate the potential and the limitations of inductive charging, to identify eventual new concepts, in a fast charge power range (few tens of Kilowatts) and with air gaps higher than 10cm.First, different topologies of reactive energy compensation are compared and the Series-Series (SS) topology is selected. Then, in the same way, different power electronics architecture are compared. The architecture using a phase-shifted DC-AC converter to supply the primary side and a simple power bridge to supply the secondary side is adopted. This architecture allows regulating the current in the batteries without using DC-DC converters neither on the primary side nor on the secondary side.Then, a software is implemented that is able to calculate losses in Litz wire, as a function of the wire section and the strands diameter, the aim being to choose a Litz wire that minimizes the losses in the windings.The third step is the implementation of a tool dedicated to the design of the primary and secondary coils and of the magnetic shields. The tool is based on analytic equations and finite elements simulations. The design tool is validated by means of reduced scale experiments. Finally, an optimization algorithm is implemented.Considering the solutions identified in the first part, the previous design tools are finally used to design a 22kW prototype able to transfer energy through an air gap of 25cm. This prototype has been successfully tested at nominal power. An efficiency of 95% has been measured when the two coils are aligned
Aguilar, Rio Jose. "La présentation de l'enseignement de langue étrangère : aspects relationnels et décisions interactionnelles en classe de l2." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030146.
Full textThis work is at the crossroads of applied linguistics – namely foreign language [L2] teaching – education studies and social psychology. Its ultimate goal is to characterize the way in which L2 teachers represent their profession. This work draws on teachers' cognition studies in order to explore the heterogeneous beliefs of teachers. It also draws on conversation analysis [CA]: the classroom observation conducted in four fields has produced recordings that have become L2 classroom transcripts. The use of CA has helped to determine the participants' attitude as they coconstruct the situation in which they participate – namely a L2 classroom, which constitutes, in principle, an institutional setting. As regards the L2 teachers, the identification of certain practices – their disaffiliation, their choice of subject, their legitimation of laughter – indicates the possibility that they have made certain decisions according to the manner in which they co-manage the classroom situation, but also in relation to their own beliefs. Finally, we use recall-interviews, by means of which the teachers are confronted the teachers with their own practice; this may conduce to their characterising their own actions according to a certain pedagogical logic, but also according to their feelings. By means of integrating these three sources of information a dialogue between the teachers and the researcher has become possible; this dialogue has allowed for a fine description of the teachers' teaching know-how
Kaytoue, Mehdi. "Traitement de données numériques par analyse formelle de concepts et structures de patrons." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599168.
Full textKaytoue, Mehdi. "Traitement de données numériques par analyse formelle de concepts et structures de patrons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10015.
Full textThe main topic of this thesis addresses the important problem of mining numerical data, and especially gene expression data. These data characterize the behaviour of thousand of genes in various biological situations (time, cell, etc.).A difficult task consists in clustering genes to obtain classes of genes with similar behaviour, supposed to be involved together within a biological process.Accordingly, we are interested in designing and comparing methods in the field of knowledge discovery from biological data. We propose to study how the conceptual classification method called Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) can handle the problem of extracting interesting classes of genes. For this purpose, we have designed and experimented several original methods based on an extension of FCA called pattern structures. Furthermore, we show that these methods can enhance decision making in agronomy and crop sanity in the vast formal domain of information fusion
Juniarta, Nyoman. "Fouille de données complexes et biclustering avec l'analyse formelle de concepts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0199.
Full textKnowledge discovery in database (KDD) is a process which is applied to possibly large volumes of data for discovering patterns which can be significant and useful. In this thesis, we are interested in data transformation and data mining in knowledge discovery applied to complex data, and we present several experiments related to different approaches and different data types. The first part of this thesis focuses on the task of biclustering using formal concept analysis (FCA) and pattern structures. FCA is naturally related to biclustering, where the objective is to simultaneously group rows and columns which verify some regularities. Related to FCA, pattern structures are its generalizations which work on more complex data. Partition pattern structures were proposed to discover constant-column biclustering, while interval pattern structures were studied in similar-column biclustering. Here we extend these approaches to enumerate other types of biclusters: additive, multiplicative, order-preserving, and coherent-sign-changes. The second part of this thesis focuses on two experiments in mining complex data. First, we present a contribution related to the CrossCult project, where we analyze a dataset of visitor trajectories in a museum. We apply sequence clustering and FCA-based sequential pattern mining to discover patterns in the dataset and to classify these trajectories. This analysis can be used within CrossCult project to build recommendation systems for future visitors. Second, we present our work related to the task of antibacterial drug discovery. The dataset for this task is generally a numerical matrix with molecules as rows and features/attributes as columns. The huge number of features makes it more complex for any classifier to perform molecule classification. Here we study a feature selection approach based on log-linear analysis which discovers associations among features. As a synthesis, this thesis presents a series of different experiments in the mining of complex real-world data
Barakat-Barbieri, Bruno. "Vers une construction automatique de graphes de concepts." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0416.
Full textBuzmakov, Aleksey. "Analyse formelle de concepts et structures de patrons pour la fouille de données structurées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0112/document.
Full textNowadays, more and more data of different kinds is becoming available. Formal concept analysis (FCA) and pattern structures are theoretical frameworks that allow dealing with an arbitrary structured data. But the number of concepts extracted by FCA is typically huge. To deal with this problem one can either simplify the data representation, which can be done by projections of pattern structures, or by introducing constraints to select the most relevant concepts. The manuscript starts with application of FCA to mining important pieces of information from molecular structures. With the growth of dataset size good constraints begin to be essential. For that we explore stability of a concept, a well-founded formal constraint. Finding stable concepts in this dataset allows us finding new possible mutagenetic candidates that can be further interpreted by chemists. However for more complex cases, the simple attribute representation of data is not enough. Correspondingly, we turn to pattern structures that can deal with many different kinds of descriptions. We extend the original formalism of projections to have more freedom in data simplification. We show that this extension is essential for analyzing patient trajectories, describing patients hospitalization histories. Finally, the manuscript ends by an original and very efficient approach that enables to mine stable patterns directly
Buzmakov, Aleksey. "Analyse formelle de concepts et structures de patrons pour la fouille de données structurées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0112.
Full textNowadays, more and more data of different kinds is becoming available. Formal concept analysis (FCA) and pattern structures are theoretical frameworks that allow dealing with an arbitrary structured data. But the number of concepts extracted by FCA is typically huge. To deal with this problem one can either simplify the data representation, which can be done by projections of pattern structures, or by introducing constraints to select the most relevant concepts. The manuscript starts with application of FCA to mining important pieces of information from molecular structures. With the growth of dataset size good constraints begin to be essential. For that we explore stability of a concept, a well-founded formal constraint. Finding stable concepts in this dataset allows us finding new possible mutagenetic candidates that can be further interpreted by chemists. However for more complex cases, the simple attribute representation of data is not enough. Correspondingly, we turn to pattern structures that can deal with many different kinds of descriptions. We extend the original formalism of projections to have more freedom in data simplification. We show that this extension is essential for analyzing patient trajectories, describing patients hospitalization histories. Finally, the manuscript ends by an original and very efficient approach that enables to mine stable patterns directly
Villerd, Jean. "Représentations visuelles adaptatives de connaissances associant projection multidimensionnelle (MDS) et analyse de concepts formels (FCA)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004559.
Full textJean, Villerd. "Représentations visuelles adaptatives de connaissances associant projection multidimensionnelle (MDS) et analyse de concepts formels (FCA)." Paris, ENMP, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004559.
Full textInformation retrieval tools are faced with the constant increase of data both in volume and in dimensionality and the traditional list of results no longer meet many applications' requirements. New visual representation techniques are needed. These new techniques have to provide an overview of large and multidimensional data sets that gives insights into the underlying trends and structures. They must also be able to represent, in detail, portions of the original data from different standpoints. The aim is to assist the user in her data exploration task by designing a shrewd link between general and local views, that maintains her mental map. In order to achieve this goal, we develop a combination of data analysis techniques that identify pertinent portions of data as well as information visualization techniques that intuitively and dynamically explore these portions of data in detail. In addition, a formalization of the visualization process is needed. We introduce a formal frame that is used to specify visualizations from data structures. Concretely, the solution proposed is an original navigation method that combines techniques from Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) visualization approaches to suggest navigation paths in the data. This method is based on the "overview + detail" paradigm: One component is an overall view which summarises the underlying structure of the data. A second component is a local view showing an element of the overall view in detail. We take advantage of the classification skills of the Galois lattice by using it as the overall view that reveals the inner data structure and suggests possible navigation paths. The local view uses Multi-Dimensional Scaling to display the objects in the extent of a selected concept. We illustrate and discuss the pertinence of our method on concrete data sets, provided by our industrial partners, and show how hybridisation of FCA and traditional data visualization approaches, which have sometimes been considered distinct or incompatible, can be complementary
Chakroun, Hédia. "Concepts et techniques d'intégration du contexte spatial dans les modèles de pondération des données multisources." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textSelmane, Sid Ali. "Détection et analyse des communautés dans les réseaux sociaux : approche basée sur l'analyse formelle de concepts." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22004.
Full textThe study of community structure in networks became an increasingly important issue. The knowledge of core modules (communities) of networks helps us to understand how they work and behaviour, and to understand the performance of these systems. A community in a graph (network) is defined as a set of nodes that are strongly linked, but weakly linked with the rest of the graph. Members of the same community share the same interests. The originality of our research is to show that it is relevant to use formal concept analysis for community detection unlike conventional approaches using graphs. We studied several problems related to community detection in social networks : (1) the evaluation of community detection methods in the literature, (2) the detection of disjointed and overlapping communities, and (3) modelling and analysing heterogeneous social network of three-dimensional data. To assess the community detection methods proposed in the literature, we discussed this subject by studying first the state of the art that allowed us to present a classification of community detection methods by evaluating each method presented in the literature (the best known methods). For the second part, we were interested in developing a disjointed and overlapping community detection approach in homogeneous social networks from adjacency matrices (one mode data or one dimension) by exploiting techniques from formal concept analysis. We paid also a special attention to methods of modeling heterogeneous social networks. We focused in particular to three-dimensional data and proposed in this framework a modeling approach and social network analysis from three-dimensional data. This is based on a methodological framework to better understand the threedimensional aspect of this data. In addition, the analysis concerns the discovery of communities and hidden relationships between different types of individuals of these networks. The main idea lies in mining communities and rules of triadic association from these heterogeneous networks to simplify and reduce the computational complexity of this process. The results will then be used for an application recommendation of links and content to individuals in a social network
Jaffal, Ali. "Aide à l'utilisation et à l'exploitation de l'analyse de concepts formels pour des non-spécialistes de l'analyse des données." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E031.
Full textMany data analysis techniques have been developed to extract knowledge from the data. The two traditional approaches are descriptive analysis and predictive. We focus in this thesis on descriptive data analysis, and in particular on Formal Concepts Analysis (FCA). This approach builds overlapping clusters (called formal concepts) whose meaning is explicit. There is a partial order relationship between the formal concepts resulting from FCA, which are organized in a mathematical structure called a Galois lattice. Despite its advantages, FCA is poorly accessible to users who are not experts in data analysis. Although graphical representations of Galois lattices exist, their interpretation remains difficult for large data. Moreover, the construction of FCA input data, called formal context, can be tricky. For this, we have proposed a methodology for Galois lattice interpretation based on a set of simple metrics, the results of which are presented in a visual form as intuitive as possible. We have also developed strategies for constructing formal contexts that not only remain as close to the initial data as possible, but also take into consideration the user's needs in terms of information retrieval
Chauveau, Julien. "Concepts et outils fractals pour l'analyse et la synthèse en imagerie couleur." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797902.
Full textKahn, Giacomo. "A structural study of lattices, d-lattices and some applications in data analysis." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC066/document.
Full textWe are interested in formal concept analysis, a theoretical framework for data analysis.This formalism allows to express some central notions of data mining such as implications or closed itemsets, and is centered around lattices, as the description of the relational structure that those objects can have.For multidimensional data, a formalism exists as a generalisation of formal concept analysis : polyadic concept analysis.In this document, we study some combinatorial and algorithmic problems that arose in polyadic concept analysis.We also introduce more applied data analysis techniques of conceptual navigation and classification
Ikeda, Satoshi. "Essai d'unification des valeurs du verbe voler, précédé d'une étude méthodologique et d'une analyse des concepts." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040253.
Full textTraditionally, in contemporary french, the verb voler is considered as a typical homonym. This idea derives from a particular confusion between the lexical and the contxtual values of the verb. In our study, firstly, we will make out the difference between these two different levels. After thjat, we will analyse meticulously all the values of this verb. And finally, we will single out its lexical meaning which works as an intrinsic unity common to all the values previously. According to this study, the verb voler can not be considered as a homonymous verb and should be regarded as a polysemous one. All these values, apperently, very different from one another, are drawn from the application of the same mecanism, to heterogenous sphears (contexts)
Othmani, Imed. "Optimisation multicritère : fondements et concepts." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004900.
Full textOsta, Vélez Matías. "Inference and the structure of concepts." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H206.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the role of conceptual content in inference and reasoning. The first two chapters offer a critical analysis of the " formalist thesis ", i.e., the idea that rational inference is a mechanism that applies syntactic rules to propositionally-structured thoughts. Chapter 3 deals with the relationship between inference and representation. It is argued that inference must be studied from a pluralistic perspective because of its dependence on different formats representation in which conceptual information can be encoded. The next four chapters apply Peter Gärdenfors’ theory of conceptual spaces to three types of concept-based inference. First, an explication of Wilfrid Sellars' notion of material inference is advanced. Second, the model is extended to capture non-monotonic inference by studying the role of "expectations" in reasoning. Finally, a new mathematical model of category-based induction is presented. It is argued that the explanatory fruitfulness of the conceptual spaces-approach shows the failure of the formalistic thesis and calls for a unified model of rational inference centered on semantics. The last chapter of the thesis focuses on how inference and concepts interact in scientific reasoning, which constantly uses hybrid symbolic structures to represent conceptual information
Kuhn, Antony. "Contribution à la connaissance du management de la coopération intercommunale : approche contextuelle et analyse en termes de déterminants relationnels de la dynamique intercommunale du pays de Colombey-les-Belles." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN22004.
Full textBelbey, Hatem. "La problématique du dialogue dans le texte coranique : analyse parallèle des concepts de dialogue et de Jihâd." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE29033.
Full textMUZY, J. FRANCOIS. "Analyse de distributions fractales a partir de leur transformee en ondelettes. Des concepts mathematiques aux applications physiques." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4651.
Full textCodocedo-Henríquez, Víctor. "Contributions à l'indexation et à la recherche d'information avec l'analyse formelle de concepts." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0143/document.
Full textOne of the first models ever to be considered as an index for documents using terms as descriptors, was a lattice structure, a couple of decades before the arrival of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) as a solid theory for data mining and knowledge discovery.While the Information Retrieval (IR) community has shifted to more advanced techniques for document retrieval, like probabilistic and statistic paradigms, the interest of the FCA community on developing techniques that would improve the state-of-the-art in IR while providing relevance feedback and semantic based features, never decayed. In this thesis we present a set of contributions on what we call FCA-based IR systems. We have divided our contributions in two sets, namely retrieval and indexing. For retrieval, we propose a novel technique that exploits semantic relations among descriptors in a document corpus and a new concept lattice navigation strategy (called cousin concepts), enabling us to support classification-based reasoning to provide better results compared with state-of-the-art retrieval techniques. The basic notion in our strategy is supporting query modification using "term replacements'' using the lattice structure and semantic similarity. For indexing, we propose a new model that allows supporting the vector space model of retrieval using concept lattices. One of the main limitations of current FCA-based IR systems is related to the binary nature of the input data required for FCA to generate a concept lattice. We propose the use of pattern structures, an extension of FCA to deal with complex object descriptions, in order to support more advanced retrieval paradigms like the vector space model. In addition, we propose an advanced model for heterogeneous indexing through which we can combine the vector space model and the Boolean retrieval model. The main advantage of this approach is the ability of supporting indexing of convex regions in an arbitrary vectorial space built from a document collection. Finally, we move forward to a mining model associated with document indexing, namely exhaustive bicluster enumeration using FCA. Biclustering is an emerging data analysis technique in which objects are related by similarity under certain attributes of the description space, instead of the whole description space like in standard clustering. By translating this problem to the framework of FCA, we are able to exploit the robust machinery associated with the computation of concept lattices to provide an algorithm for mining biclusters based on similar values. We show how our technique performs better than current exhaustive enumeration biclustering techniques