Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de la dispersion de Taylor'
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Deleanu, Mihai. "Taylor dispersion analysis : a powerful size-based characterization technique for monitoring the aggregation of β-amyloid peptides." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONS003.
Full textAlzheimer Disease (AD) is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century and its development is centered around the amyloid hypothesis which states that extracellular formation of amyloid plaques and the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary Tau tangles (NFTs) are caused by the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Several biophysical techniques have been employed for studying the aggregation process of Aβ peptides such as thioflavin T (ThT) assay, dynamic light scattering (DLS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), electron microscopy (EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Despite the useful information these methods provide, not all of them are suitable for monitoring the early stages of the process. The main objective of this thesis is to apply Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) for the monitoring of the Aβ peptide aggregation mechanism. TDA is a modern technique that can size and quantify soluble species ranging from 0.1 nm to a few hundred nm. TDA has yet been employed for a real-time monitoring of the Aβ peptide aggregation. TDA revealed that the aggregation process of Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) isoforms occurs through distinct pathways. These results have been correlated with ThT assay and DLS. The co-aggregation of Aβ(1-40):Aβ(1-42) mixtures was further explored by TDA and AFM, highlighting the influence of the peptide ratios on the kinetics and the formation of potentially toxic oligomeric species. Finally, the aggregation process of Aβ peptides by TDA was conducted using a simultaneous UV-LIF detection in the presence of FITC-tagged Aβ peptides. This study demonstrated that the aggregation pathways of the native Aβ peptides are altered by the presence of the fluorophore. In conclusion, TDA provided a complete speciation of the different soluble species (monomer, oligomers, protofibrils) during Aβ aggregation, which brings valuable information on the mechanism of aggregation.Keywords: Alzheimer disease; β-amyloid peptides; Taylor dispersion analysis; aggregation studies; atomic force microscopy; ThT assay; dynamic light scattering
Neri, Quiroz José Antonio. "Développement d’un lab-on-chip pour la mesure d’acidité libre de solutions chargées en cations hydrolysables." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1247/document.
Full textA joint study between the CEA and Areva La Hague has shown that chemical analysis is a crucial parameter for achieving a better performance in present and future spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. In fact, each plant’s process monitoring and control require a significant amount of laboratory analysis leading in overall to a considerable amount of nuclear waste. Hence, reducing the sample’s required volume for analysis would reduce its toxicity and subsequent waste, therefore increasing personnel safety, decreasing the environmental impact and the plant’s operation cost. Among the process control analytical workload, the free acidity measurement has been identified as a key analysis due to its measurement frequency. For this reason, the main objective of this research has been focused in the improvement of a reference method for free acidity measurement. The following work has been divided in two main studies seeking for the reduction of the sample volume and the automation of the analytical method protocol: - Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) titration, whose application requires the employment of a device occupying a 25 L space, and which reduces 1000 fold the sample volume per analysis, 8 times the analysis time and 40 fold the amount of waste generated when compared to the reference analytical method. - Ballist-mix titration, whose analytical performance is equivalent to the SIA titration, but whose implementation is done inside a microfluidic device occupying a volume as low as 25 mL after integration of all of the elements needed for analysis. At the present time, the SIA titration has been validated using nitric acid samples containing uranyl cations, whereas the ballist-mix titration is being validated with the same sample conditions. However, this last analytical technique features a simplified operating principle which allows the user to shorten the analytical development process by opening the possibility to simulate the process before any experimentation
Dorfman, Kevin David 1977. "Taylor-Aris dispersion in microfluidic networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33161.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-183).
This thesis constitutes the development and application of a theory for the lumped parameter, convective-diffusive-reactive transport of individual, non-interacting Brownian solute particles ("macromolecules") moving within spatially periodic, solvent-filled networks - the latter representing models of chip-based microfluidic devices, as well as porous media. The use of a lumped parameter transport model and network geometrical description affords the development of a discrete calculation scheme for computing the relevant network-scale (macrotransport) parameters, namely the mean velocity vector U*, dispersivity dyadic D* and, if necessary, the mean volumetric solute depletion rate K*. The ease with which these discrete calculations can be performed for complex networks renders feasible parametric studies of potential microfluidic chip designs, particularly those pertinent to biomolecular separation schemes. To demonstrate the computational and conceptual advantages of this discrete scheme, we consider: (i) a pair of straightforward examples, dispersion analysis of (non-reactive) pressure-driven flow in spatially periodic serpentine microchannels and reactive transport in an elementary geometric model of a porous medium; and (ii) a pair of case studies based upon the microfluidic separation techniques of vector chromatography and entropic trapping.
(cont.) The straightforward examples furnish explicit proof that the present theory produces realistic results within the context of a simple computational scheme, at least when compared with the prevailing continuous generalized Taylor-Aris dispersion theory. In the case study on vector chromatography, we identify those factors which break the symmetry of the chip-scale particle mobility tensor, most importantly the hydrodynamic wall effects between the particles and the obstacle surfaces. In the entropic trapping case study, analytical expressions derived for the solute dispersiviy, number of theoretical plates, and separation resolution are shown to furnish results that accord, at least qualitatively, with experimental trends and data reported in the literature.
by Kevin David Dorfman.
Ph.D.
Delannay, Renaud. "Dispersion de taylor en milieux poreux fractals." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066102.
Full textLu, Ruanhui. "Taylor dispersion studies of diffusion in electrolyte solutions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32493.pdf.
Full textMIMOUNI, STEPHANE. "Analyse fractale d'interfaces pour les instabilites de rayleigh-taylor." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0042.
Full textAndrews, David J. "Taylor-Aris dispersion theory and its application in the study of partitioning in organised solvents." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385844.
Full textJbeli, Haïsam. "Analyse élémentaire par fluorescence X en dispersion d'énergie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21138.
Full textJbeli, Haïsam. "Analyse élémentaire par fluorescence X en dispersion d'énergie." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376145227.
Full textChouippe, Agathe. "Étude numérique de la réduction de traînée par injection de bulles en écoulement de Taylor-Couette." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0052/document.
Full textThe study deals with drag reduction induced by bubble injection, its application concerns naval transport. The aim of the study is to shed more light on mechanisms that are involved in this wall friction reduction. The study is based on a numerical approach, and use the JADIM code with an Euler-Lagrange approach: the continuous phase is solved by Direct Numerical Simulation, and the disperse phase by a tracking of each bubble. Within the framework of this study we consider the Taylor-Couette flow configuration (flow between two concentric cylinders in rotation). The first part of the study deals with the modification of the numerical tool, in order to take into account the influence of the disperse phase on the continuous one through forcing terms in the mass and momentum balance equations. The aim of the second part is to study de Taylor-Couette flow in its monophasic configuration, for the purpose of providing a reference of the undisturbed flow. The third part deals with the passive dispersion of bubble in Taylor-Couette flow, in order to analyze the migration mechanisms involved. And the aim of the last part is to study the effects of the disperse phase on the continuous one, by analyzing the influence of bubbly phase parameters (like void fraction and buoyancy)
Toure, Moussa. "Etude des conditions de mise en œuvre de la pertraction pour l’extraction et la purification de métaux d’intérêt." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS149/document.
Full textPertraction is an emerging liquid-liquid extraction technology which use a membrane barrier as surface area between the aqueous phase and solvent. It thus offers the possibility to use very emulsive solvent and / or consisting of a pure extractant without any necessity of different density with the aqueous phase. The advantage of using a pure extractant is the possibility to have a high loading capacty of solvent (>100 g.L-1). So, we have studied the feasibility of pertraction of metals of interest by using a pure extractant as solvent. The extraction of rare earth metals (neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr) and dysprosium (Dy)) was chosen as the aim of this study. The approach was defined by tree steps : identification of selective solvent for lanthanids (Nd as model), set-up and optimization of pertraction module, mass transfer modeling. The screening of solvent was governed by namely three criteria : its affinity for Nd, its viscosity and solubility in water. To avoid fire risk, the flashpoint of solvent was also taken into account in the selection. In this framework, N, N-dibutylacetamide was selected especially for its moderate viscosity (<5 mPa.s) but its employment required the use of nitrates for increase its affinity for Nd. With high loading capacity (> 126 g.L-1), a remarkable application of DBAc could be its use for selectively extract Nd, Pr, Dy and separate them each other from magnet waste containing impurities such as iron, boron, nickel, cobalt. Pertraction of Nd by DBAc pure has been made in recycle mode on polypropylene hollow fiber module. The mass transfer model has been developed on the basis of conventional assumptions of resistances in series theory in order to predict the concentration of Nd at different times. It has required some input parameters such as diffusion coefficient of Nd in aqueous and organic phases. Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) has been used for the experimental determination of diffusion coefficients. Experimental data and model results were found to be in good agreement for the system DBAc/Nd. The values of mass transfer coefficients in films and membrane indicate that the mass transfer limiting step is the diffusion of DBAc-Nd in the solvent present in the membrane pores and in the diffusional film of the solvent. This can be explained by the relative high viscosity of solvent because diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to viscosity in Stock-Einstein correlation. A development perspective of pertraction as liquid-liquid technology is the recovery of refractory metals like tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb). Preliminary studies for identify selective solvent present the properties of methylacetophenone pure (MAcPh) to extract selectively Ta from hydrofluoric solution of capacitor waste containing iron, manganese, nickel and silver as impurities with a loading capacity superior than 150 g.L-1
Losserand, Sylvain. "Dispersion et temps de transit de globules rouges dans les capillaires et réseaux microcirculatoires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY002.
Full textBlood is a dense suspension of red blood cells (RBCs, about 50% in volume) which are highly deformable cells whose function is oxygen transport from lungs to organs. This gas exchange function in organs involves flow in a dense and ramified capillary network where several coupled phenomena lead to a complex traffic flow (organisation of RBCs in flow, rheology, separation at bifurcations). An essential parameter of microcirculation is the transit time of RBCs in an organ, that can be a limitation to diffusion and disponibility of oxygen and lead to non-optimal desaturation before leaving the microvascular network to reach the veinous system. Depending on mechanical properties of RBCs that can be modified by pathologies, and their en concentration, their transit time can vary in large proportions, and also be quite dispersed around the mean value for the same sample : some RBCs are faster than others. The mechanisms involved are the rheology of blood (the apparent viscosity varies with confinement in capillaries and RBC rigidity), and the hydrodynamic migration dispersion of RBCs due to interactions between cells and with vessel walls. This phenomenon can be qualitatively related to the well known phenomenon of Taylor dispersion of a solute in a channel and is also known for colloidal suspensions.Numerical simulations in the host team have revealed that the dispersion of average transit velocities of RBCs in a microcirculatory network was very sensitive to the mechanical properties of cells, as well as their transverse spatial dispersion in the network. This thesis proposes to explore several aspects of RBC dispersion in different model situations. The first chapter will be dedicated to the study of the transverse migration of RBCs from the walls towards the center of the canal in a very diluted medium, in fact this phenomenon plays a very important role in the establishment of a depletion layer at the walls. The second chapter will be dedicated to the study of structuration dynamics observed in flows, the idea is to measure the evolution of the concentration profile of RBCs along a rectilinear canal after a T intersection. chapter will focus on the evolution of a bolus of RBCs in a rectilinear pseudo-2D channel, it dynamic to observe the influence of the mechanical properties of red blood cells and concentration on the dispersion of transit time
Latrache, Noureddine. "Étude expérimentale des modes supérieurs des instabilités d'écoulements newtoniens ou viscoélastiques dans le système de Couette-Taylor." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0054.
Full textThis work appears in the context of the transition to the turbulence in the flows sheared with of current curve lines. We are interested to study the transition to the turbulence in the Couette-Taylor flow for liquid confined between two coaxial cylinders in differential rotation. For a newtonien liquid (for example, water), and when the two cylinders are in counter-rotation, the non- axisymmetric and instationery critical modes named Taylor spirals (SPI) or interpenetrating spiral (IPS) appear at the threshold of the instability. We have shown that these Taylor's spirals have the anomalous dispersion property. This anomalous dispersion of spirals permits to give in the setting of the Ginzburg-Landau theory a good interpretation of the stability of the source separating two counterpropagating spirals. The transition to turbulence in viscoelastic Couette-Taylor has been studied with polyethyleneoxide (PEO) solutions when the outer cylinder is rest. For the solutions with concentrations c [500,700] ppm (moderate elasticity), and close to the threshold of the instability, the base circular of Couette flow bifurcates to left and right counterapropagating spirals weakly non-linear and non coupled (inertioelastic effects). For a weak increase of the control parameter , the right and left counterpropagating spirals present a strong non-linear coupling witch appears by the existence of the intense spatial and temporal harmonic modes. The coupled counterapropagating spirals are described by the phenomenological equations of Ginzburg-Landau with added new terms permitting to generate the spatial and temporal harmonics. The transition to the turbulence is done via the apparition the turbulent spots (spatiotemporal intermittency). For the large concentrations of PEO c [800,900] ppm (large elasticity), the primary instability mode is formed by the superposed left and right spirals that they bifurcate brutally to pattern formed by large domains containing spirals waves (elastic effects). For large values of the control parameter , the domains subdivided and become less large. The spirals disappear inside the domains. These domains multiply with the control parameter , and the flow transit to the turbulence regime (elastic turbulence)
Alves, Do Nascimento Filho Robson. "Fourth-Order Problems with Mixed Dispersion." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/273266.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Douaya, Miloud. "Analyse des transitions dans l'écoulement de Taylor couette à faible rapport d'aspect." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10400.
Full textTalioua, Abdessamad. "Etude expérimentale et analyse statistique de la transition vers les rouleaux turbulents dans l’écoulement de Couette-Taylor." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH18/document.
Full textIn this work we report experimental results on the transition to the turbulent vortices in the Couette-Taylor flow, the flow produced between independently rotating coaxial cylinders. Once the geometry and the nature of the fluid are fixed, the flow is gouverned by two control parameters, the outer and the inner Reynolds numbers 〖Re〗_o and 〖Re〗_i associated with the rotation of the outer and inner cylinders respectively. The variation of these parameters produces a large variety of regimes, which have been described by Coles [7], and Andereck et al. [13]. In the counter-rotating case, we have identified three main regimes on the diagram of Andereck et al. [13] When considering the variation of 〖Re〗_ifor a fixed value of〖 Re〗_o, the flow is laminar for low〖 Re〗_i. It becomes unstable for higher values of 〖Re〗_i. Before reaching turbulence, the flow passes by a regime of laminar-turbulent coexistence [7 13 14 16]. For our series of measurements, we fixed the outer Reynolds number at 〖Re〗_o=-4368, and varied 〖Re〗_ifrom the laminar to the turbulent regime. For 3000 < 〖Re〗_i< 4000, the space-time diagrams indicate the occurrence of disordered coherent structures. These structures are then well organized in time and space for 4000 < 〖Re〗_i< 10000, and become stationnary for the highest 〖Re〗_i [35]. These regimes are studied by visualizations using kalliroscope, as well as measurements of the velocity by stereoscopic PIV and LDV. This later allows us to calculate the various mean quantities (kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, time and length of correlation, etc…)
Nemri, Marouan. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du mélange et de la dispersion axiale dans une colonne à effet Taylor-Couette." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9708/1/Nemri.pdf.
Full textRuiz-Gazen, Anne. "Estimation robuste d'une matrice de dispersion et projections révélatrices." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30008.
Full textBurger, Dominik [Verfasser], and Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Bartsch. "Herstellung, Modifikation und Analyse sterisch stabilisierter, fluorierter Modellkolloide in wässriger Dispersion." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1122646879/34.
Full textSorato, Sebastiano. "Methodology to analyse three dimensional droplet dispersion applicable to Icing Wind Tunnels." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4413.
Full textBouzidi, Maria. "La représentation de l'islam au Québec : analyse de contenu de mémoires présentés à la commission Bouchard-Taylor." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26429/26429.pdf.
Full textNdongo, Fokoua Georges. "Etude expérimentale de la réduction de traînée par injection de bulles." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0095/document.
Full textThis work presents experimental study of drag reduction by injection of bubbles. Injection of bubbles into the developing boundary layer along the hulls of ships could help to reduce significantly the frictional resistance by lowering a fluid along the hull and interacting with the near-wall turbulent structures. We investigate the interactions between bubbles, the coherent motion and the viscous torque in a Taylor-Couette flow for outer cylinder at rest, while bubbles are injected constantly through a needle. The Reynolds number ranges up to Re≤20.104, for these values of the Reynolds number, Taylor vortices are persistent leading to an axial periodicity of the flow. Bubbles size varies between 0.05 and 0.12 times the width of the gap, depending on the needle and the liquid used. An original method for tracking bubbles in a meridian plane coupled with measures of overall torque applied to the inner cylinder helped to highlight two regimes of drag reduction and various types of arrangements of bubbles, depending on their size and Reynolds number. Bubbles could have a sliding motion, wavering, be captured by the Taylor cells or in the outflow areas near the inner cylinder. Characterization of the liquid velocity by PIV both in single phase and two-phase flow helped to study the modifications induced by the bubbles on the liquid phase and to discuss about the mechanisms involved in the changes induced by the bubbles in the overall torque. The study show that for the Reynolds number before the capture, bubbles could help to stabilize the flow in agreement to the reduction of the viscous torque up to -30% for lowest void fraction (<1%). For the Reynolds number after the capture, bubbles trapped by the Taylor cells lead to a reduction of the axial wavelength and increasing of the vorticity of the cells, associated to an increasing of the rms. This configuration leads to an increasing of the viscous torque. However, bubbles trapped in the outflow areas near the inner cylinder lead to an increasing of the axial wavelength, associated to a decreasing of the vorticity. The configuration supports a smaller reduction of the viscous torque than in the case without captured
Tampango, Yendoubouam. "Développement d'une méthode sans maillage basée sur les approximations de Taylor." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0322/document.
Full textIn these last decades, new numerical methods known as « meshless methods » have been developped. Contrary to the FEM, these methods uses only a set of nodes in the domain, without need of any mesh. Until now, any of these methods has convinced users of FEM. In this paper, we present a new meshless method using Taylor series expansion. In this method, the PDE is solved quasi exactly in the domain and the boundary conditions are applied by using a least square method. Then only the boundary discretisation is needed so the proposed method is a « true boundary meshless method ». This technique has been proposed for the first time by S. Zeze in his PhD thesis. The study of some linear problems has shown that this technique leads to a very good accuracy and that the convergence can be improved by increasing approximation degree. Our work is a continuation of S. Zeze work, and it consists to make the proposed method more robust and to extend its range of application. For that, we first make an analysis of the series computed by the method. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the domain of validity of these series. This analysis showed that, for some problems, an accuracy cannot be obtained without splitting the domain in subdomains and making a resolution by subdomains. Therefore the second part of our work was to define a technique which will ensure the continuity at the interface between subdomains, in the case of a resolution by subdomains. The last part of our work was dedicated to non-linear problems. We establish an algorithm to show how the proposed method can deal with nonlinear-problems
FAVE, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Analyse des effets d'une phase dispersee par cavitation ou ventilation sur les structures de l'ecoulement de taylor couette." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2036.
Full textCarbonnière, Philippe. "Calcul ab-initio de spectres vibrationnels anharmoniques. : Développement méthodologique pour le traitement de systèmes de grande taille." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3030.
Full textIn the field of vibrational spectroscopy, the development of ab-initio computational methods and computer technology provide very accurate results for small molecules in order to guide bench scientists in their research. If theoretician chemists are able to provide such informations for small systems, it is less obvious to treat bigger systems (from 5 to 12 atoms) according to the difficulty for obtaining and managing the huge number of required data. Thus, Is it possible to noticeably reduce the great computational cost of vibrational study of larger molecules and provide reliable results at the same time. To give first elements of response, we have carried out methodological developments in the treatment of potential function and in the resolution of anharmonic vibrational problem in order to propose appropriate tools for the treatment of larger systems
Simoëns, Serge. "Application de l'analyse d'images à des phénomènes de mélange et de dispersion." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1449_ssimoens.pdf.
Full textGoulpeau, Jacques. "Intégration de puce à ADN dans un microsystème fluidique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002226.
Full textNisa, Khoirin. "On multivariate dispersion analysis." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2025.
Full textThis thesis examines the multivariate dispersion of normal stable Tweedie (NST) models. Three generalize variance estimators of some NST models are discussed. Then within the framework of natural exponential family, two characterizations of normal Poisson model, which is a special case of NST models with discrete component, are shown : first by variance function and then by generalized variance function. The latter provides a solution to a particular Monge-Ampere equation problem. Finally, to illustrate the application of generalized variance of normal stable Tweedie models, examples from real data are provided
Mohamed, Ramy. "Éléments spectraux pour les ondes ultrasonores guidées. Formulation, analyse de la dispersion et résultats de simulation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5850.
Full textGuerin, Lea. "Evolution des propriétés morphologiques de flocs de latex en réacteur de Taylor-Couette." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0022/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to investigate the evolution of the morphology of aggregates under turbulent hydrodynamic conditions. For this purpose, latex particles flocculation experiments were conducted in a Taylor-Couette reactor by carrying out a sequencing of the hydrodynamic conditions, consisting of six steps performed alternately at low and high shear rate. For all the experiments, an on-line monitoring of the size of the flocs was carried out by laser diffraction. Moreover, characteristic parameters of the shape of the aggregates were determined by image analysis on suspension samples taken at the end of the various stages of the hydrodynamic sequencing. When the flocculation mechanism is the charge neutralization (by addition of NaCl or Al2(SO4)3), the results have confirmed the strong influence of hydrodynamics on aggregate size but also revealed the existence of a relationship between the shape of the aggregates and their history. Contrary to size, the morphology of the flocs, characterized either by their circularity or convexity, is not sensitive to hydrodynamics. The study of the surface distributions of these shape parameters as well as the representation of the experimental results in two-dimensional form (linking size and shape) have shown that, after a number of breakage-reflocculation cycles, both circularity and convexity evolve towards a single distribution which is independent of hydrodynamics. When the bridging flocculation is the main mechanism (the polymer used being PolyDADMAC), at low shear rates, the aggregates are larger, but more circular and more resistant to breakage than those issued from charge neutralization. A complementary analysis is then proposed to analyze the effect of hydrodynamics on the fractal dimension measured either by laser diffraction or by image analysis. In order to compare both results, a new expression of the fractal dimension derived from the morphological analysis Df * was introduced. Finally, the modeling of the flocculation by solving the population balance equation using the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is presented; the only variable parameters being the experimental values of the average shear rate and the fractal dimension. The preliminary results show that it is possible to reproduce correctly the evolution of the first six moments of the aggregate size distribution for an aggregation phase of the hydrodynamic sequencing
Yang, Jie. "Solving Partial Differential Equations by Taylor Meshless Method." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0032/document.
Full textBased on Taylor Meshless Method (TMM), the aim of this thesis is to develop a simple, robust, efficient and accurate numerical method which is capable of solving large scale engineering problems and to provide a new idea for the follow-up study on meshless methods. To this end, the influence of the key factors in TMM has been studied by solving three-dimensional and non-linear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The main idea of TMM is to use high order polynomials as shape functions which are approximated solutions of the PDE and the discretization concerns only the boundary. To solve the unknown coefficients, boundary conditions are accounted by collocation procedures associated with least-square method. TMM that needs only boundary collocation without integration process, is a true meshless method. The main contributions of this thesis are as following: 1) Based on TMM, a general and efficient algorithm has been developed for solving three-dimensional PDEs; 2) Three coupling techniques in piecewise resolutions have been discussed and tested in cases of large-scale problems, including least-square collocation method and two coupling methods based on Lagrange multipliers; 3) A general numerical method for solving non-linear PDEs has been proposed by combining Newton Method, TMM and Automatic Differentiation technique; 4) To apply TMM for solving problems with singularities, the singular solutions satisfying the control equation are introduced as complementary shape functions, which provides a theoretical basis for solving singular problems
Bernard, Jérôme Depollier Claude. "Représentations temps-fréquence adaptées pour la caractérisation de la dispersion d'ondes acoustiques propagées à travers les matériaux poreux." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1018.pdf.
Full textMassé, Bruno. "Concentration et dispersion sur les convexes compacts d'une loi de probabilité multidimensionnelle : problèmes statistiques associés." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10136.
Full textOlalla, Beatriz. "Analyse des mécanismes de dispersion élémentaires et globaux de charges minérales dans les polymères : influence de la rhéologie et de la structure de la matrice." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET4003/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is the analysis of the dispersion of mineral fillers within a polymer matrix. This work aims is to increase the fire resistance of a polyolefin by dispersing magnesium hydroxide mineral filler. High amounts of magnesium hydroxide are needed to reach a significant performance of the fire resistance. The high loads induce a degradation of the mechanical properties of the material. In order to obtain a good dispersion and to improve the mechanical properties, a high viscosity matrix may be used. However, this causes problems during the manufacturing of the composite by extrusion because high pressures induced by a highly filled viscous matrix might block the machine. To solve this issue a less viscous matrix can be used to facilitate the processing by extrusion. Two matrices having the same physico-chemical properties but very different viscosities have been used to disperse the filler. The first part of the study concerns the identification and analysis of the elementary mechanism of dispersion, i.e. how an individual agglomerate is dispersed. Then, extrapolation to highly filled systems is carried out. The global mechanism of dispersion has been conducted in an internal mixer and characterization techniques such as scanning electronic microscopy with X-ray detection, tensile test, fractal dimension and dynamic rheometry in the melt have been used. A rheological model relating dynamic rheological measurements and the state of dispersion has been developed. The last part of the study is concerned with the optimization of the fabrication process and the dispersion of filers by twin screw extruder
De, Melo Lisboa Henrique. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre et à la validation de modèles de dispersion atmosphérique applicables aux composés odorants." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3033.
Full textPérinet, Amandine. "Analyse distributionnelle appliquée aux textes de spécialité : réduction de la dispersion des données par abstraction des contextes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD056/document.
Full textIn specialised domains, the applications such as information retrieval for machine translation rely on terminological resources for taking into account terms or semantic relations between terms or groupings of terms. In order to face up to the cost of building these resources, automatic methods have been proposed. Among those methods, the distributional analysis uses the repeated information in the contexts of the terms to detect a relation between these terms. While this hypothesis is usually implemented with vector space models, those models suffer from a high number of dimensions and data sparsity in the matrix of contexts. In specialised corpora, this contextual information is even sparser and less frequent because of the smaller size of the corpora. Likewise, complex terms are usually ignored because of their very low number of occurrences. In this thesis, we tackle the problem of data sparsity on specialised texts. We propose a method that allows making the context matrix denser, by performing an abstraction of distributional contexts. Semantic relations acquired from corpora are used to generalise and normalise those contexts. We evaluated the method robustness on four corpora of different sizes, different languages and different domains. The analysis of the results shows that, while taking into account complex terms in distributional analysis, the abstraction of distributional contexts leads to defining semantic clusters of better quality, that are also more consistent and more homogeneous
Pothin, Karine. "Analyse de la dispersion larvaire des poissons récifaux à la Réunion à travers l'étude de leurs otolithes." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_06_Pothin.pdf.
Full textThis objective of the present study, is to give informations about the oceanic larval phase of the coral reef fishes in Reunion Island. This knowledge is fundamental in grasping the potential interrelationships between islands of the same region applied to the reef fish of Reunion Island. The secrets of this little-known dispersive phase are explored through the study of fish otoliths. The particular properties of otoliths enable the various applications that have been used in the framework of this study: as discriminators of stocks via analysis of form (Fourier analysis), as chronological clocks via microchemical analysis (trace elements, isotopes). Four ichtyological and commercial species were chosen: Epinephelus merra (Serranidae), Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Mullidae), Gnathodentex aurolineatus (Lethrinidae) and Lutjanus kasmira (Lutjanidae). In this study, the larval parameters of these species endows them with the capacity of establishing interconnections between Reunion Island and others islands in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar). Nevertheless, given a normal hydrodynamic context, and in associating others factors (geographic isolation of Reunion, weak larval flux, effect of the island's in the west coast, elevated larval growth), the hypothesis of auto-recruitment is favored. These results should be taken into account in the management of the halieutic vulnerable resources of the coral reefs of Reunion Island
Loussaief, Hend. "Ecoulement de suspensions avec condition de glissement sur la paroi." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066185.
Full textPichonet, Amélie. "Variabilité et dispersion au sein du genre Dicranum Hedw. (Dicranaceae, Bryophyta) : approches moléculaire et morphologique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0022.
Full textThe phylogeny and taxonomy of Dicranum sensu lato using 243 specimens collected from 26 Dicranum species all over the world, and closely-related genera Paraleucobryum (P. Longifolium, P. Enerve), and Pseudochorisodontium (P. Gymnostomum, P. Hokkinense) was studied using four markers from the three genomes. The relevance of the morphological characters traditionally used in the classifications (flagelliform branches, caducous leaves, gemmae, lack of teeth peristome) and life cycle traits (male dwarfism) was studied in the light of our phylogenetic results. The monophyly of Dicranoideae was strongly supported, and Dicranum s. L. (Dicranum, Paraleucobryum, Pseudochorisodontium) was found to be monophyletic, sister group to genus Holomitrium. Eleven species were found monophyletic, but six polyphyletic species were revealed, leading to the discovery of three cryptic species. The type species D. Scoparium is not monophyletic and was found to occur in Sub-Saharian Africa
Bernard, Jérôme. "Représentations temps-fréquence adaptées pour la caractérisation de la dispersion d'ondes acoustiques propagées à travers les matériaux poreux." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1018.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to use time-frequency representations to characterize the propagation of acoustic waves through porous media. This study uses the analytical models developed at the LAUM for the research on porous media. These models show the dispersion due to such structures which induce that the celerity of the waves depends on the frequency. In fact, lower frequencies propagate less speedly than higher frequencies and thus, transmitted signals are nonstationary. This property is an obstacle to the study of this kind of signals using classical Fourier analysis which can not underline the time evolution of the frequency content. Hence, the introduction of quadratic timefrequency distributions is available to visualize the nonstationary properties of the signals. The aim of this PhD thesis is to estimate the dispersion law induced by the propagation of acoustic waves in a sample of porous medium. Hence, a method for evaluating the group delay laws, due to the frequency dependence of the celerity, has to be introduced. For this purpose, a general family of quadratic time-frequency representations, the power class, is used. Each distribution of this class depends on a parameter 'k' which controls the covariance properties of the distibutions and their adaptability along multiple power group delay laws in terms of localization. Hence for each value of the parameter, a time-frequency representation of the transmitted signal is generated, and a criterion is used to determine the most relevant representation. In this work, the criterion is based on the notion of entropy as an information measurement in the time-frequency plane to choose the suitable representation. Finally, this representation yields an estimation of the group delay law of the transmitted signal
Méteau, Jérémy. "Instrumentation optique pour la caractérisation des tissus : analyse de la complémentarité et des limites techniques de fluorescence hyperspectrale et de Tomographie Optique Cohérente en vue de leur intégration multimodale." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2041/document.
Full textThe aim of this activity is the development of a mono point imaging fiber system which uses hyperspectral multi-excitation auto fluorescence technique for biological tissues and the study of an Optical Coherence Tomography system like another modality. At first, this report presents the optical properties of biological tissues and the relevant fluorophores for cancerous tumors detection. Secondly, the fluorescence imaging system instrumentation and hyperspectral analysis are presented with in vitro results. The third part presents the "scan free" optical coherence tomography system which is able to image without optical displacement. It's characterized and have interesting functionality like depth dependant dispersion compensation. These both techniques are complementary because they get different kind of information. The information of the first one is about biochemical composition of the tissues and the information of the second one is about the stucture
Bonnel, Julien. "Analyse de la dispersion acoustique UBF (0-150 Hz) pour la surveillance et la caractérisation du milieu marin." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522789.
Full textDupuy, Clément. "Analyse et conception d'outils pour la traçabilité de produits agroalimentaires afin d'optimiser la dispersion des lots de fabrication." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0047/these.pdf.
Full textIn the last decape, tracability has become an essential component in the requests of industry clients, specially in food industries. Today these industries are conscious of the necessity to set up accurate, fast and reliability tracability systems. Even if investment return is difficult to evaluate, a tracability system is essential for assuring quality to processes, for winning new markets or for surviving in case of food safety crisis. In face of this statement, industrials have difficulties for analysing, conceiving and setting up coherent and effective systems to answer clients necessity. In this these, we propose methods and tools in order to answer to these problems. We used existing works from literature and also our experience in agroalimentary industry. Our work has been made in collaboration with Aoste group, ham and sausage producer, during an IT project. The aim of this project was to set up an integrated information system to optimise products tracability. First, we propose a state of the art about tracability in food industry and about the tools used to obtain it. Then we propose models about the product flow tracability and the tracability recording process. Finally we present a mathematical model to optimise tracability in a special case: assembling and disassembling bill of materials
Baldy, Serge. "Les mécanismes de génération et de dispersion de bulles provenant du déferlement des vagues : observations, analyse et modèle." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22056.
Full textDupuy, Clément Guinet Alain Botta-Genoulaz Valérie. "Analyse et conception d'outils pour la traçabilité de produits agroalimentaires afin d'optimiser la dispersion des lots de fabrication." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=dupuy.
Full textCastrillon, Escobar Sebastian. "Instabilité et dispersion de jets de corium liquides : analyse des processus physiques et modélisation dans le logiciel MC3D." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0102/document.
Full textIn the case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant, the molten core may flow into water and interact with it. The consequences of this fuel-coolant interaction (FCI) for the follow-up of the accident may be numerous so the phenomenon needs to be described accurately, one of them called “steam explosion” can lead to the failure of the nuclear reactor containment. FCI is a complex multiphase interaction involving several physical phenomena. The premixing phase of the interaction consists in the fragmentation and dispersion of corium in the coolant pool. This phase is driven by the fragmentation process which modifies heat transfers (coolant boiling dynamics) and chemical reactions (corium oxidation and hydrogen generation). This thesis brings new elements about the corium jet and droplet breakup with the main goal of improve fragmentation models on the MC3D multiphase code, developed by the IRSN. Our study is based on a multi-scale fragmentation process where the jet fragmentation rate and final droplet dimensions are not coupled themselves. We suppose a fragmentation process resulting from a primary instability (mass transfer within jet and big droplets) depending on the large flow scales and a secondary instability depending on the small flow scales (leading to final droplet breakup). This model has been implemented in MC3D in combination with the MUSIG method recently added to MC3D. In this method, droplets are represented using several classes, each of them with their own droplet diameter, mass and energy fields. Despite new improvements on modeling corium fragmentation, there is still a lack on the comprehension and characterization on the liquid droplet fragmentation, particularly on liquid/liquid configurations. In this thesis, we study in detail droplet breakup using the computational fluid dynamics software GERRIS. As a result, we find a new droplet breakup classification in liquid/liquid configurations, we improve the droplet breakup dynamics comprehension and we analyze the droplet-vortex interaction to determine breakup regime transition
Vlieghe, Mélody. "Agrégation et rupture de flocs sous contraintes turbulentes : dynamique des propriétés morphologiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12114/1/vlieghe.pdf.
Full textOuisse, Morvan. "Dispersions du comportement de structures vibrantes : analyse et détection." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142547.
Full textJenneve, Philippe. "Analyse Expérimentale des Distorsions Non-Linéaires pour la Construction d’un Estimateur de Performances des Réseaux Optiques Cohérents." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO014.
Full textNowadays, high-speed fiber-optic communication networks are the basis of information technology and the subject of intense research. Innovation enables transponders to be flexible and versatile, but fiber optical networks are still configured manually and especially almost never tuned during the life of the network. One of the blocking points toward reconfigurable and automated optical networks is the need of performance prediction for any link of the network in an accurate and fast way. However, the prediction is made even more complex by the diversity of deployed optical fiber types and propagation regimes.During my work, I addressed experimentally the signal distortions coming from nonlinear Kerr effects accumulated on hundreds of kilometers of optical fibers. Based on specific and controlled experiments, I have measured and highlighted the properties of the nonlinear distortions. These analyses allowed me to design a performance model estimator that can be applied to heterogeneous optical links with various optical fiber types and propagation regimes.The flexibility of transponders associated with a performance estimator will optimize and tune the channels dynamically depending on the load and the topology of the network, as well as compute the protection and restoration links
Olalla, Béatriz. "Analyse des mécanismes de dispersion élémentaires et globaux de charges minérales dans les polymères : influence de la rhéologie et de la structure de la matrice." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673116.
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