Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de trafic routier'
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Luo, Zhiming. "Traffic analysis of low and ultra-low frame-rate videos." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11854.
Full textDe nos jours, l’analyse de trafic routier est de plus en plus automatisée et s’appuie sur des données issues de senseurs en tout genre. Parmi les approches d’analyse de trafic routier figurent les méthodes à base de vidéo. Les méthodes à base de vidéo ont pour but d’identifier et de reconnaître les objets en mouvement (généralement des voitures et des piétons) et de comprendre leur dynamique. Un des défis parmi les plus difficile à résoudre est d’analyser des séquences vidéo dont le nombre d’images par seconde est très faible. Ce type de situation est pourtant fréquent considérant qu’il est très difficile (voir impossible) de transmettre et de stocker sur un serveur un très grand nombre d’images issues de plusieurs caméras. Dans ce cas, les méthodes issues de l’état de l’art échouent car un faible nombre d’images par seconde ne permet pas d’extraire les caractéristiques vidéos utilisées par ces méthodes tels le flux optique, la détection de mouvement et le suivi de véhicules. Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentré sur l’analyse de trafic routier à partir de séquences vidéo contenant un très faible nombre d’images par seconde. Plus particulièrement, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les problème d’estimation de la densité du trafic routier et de la classification de véhicules. Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé différents modèles à base de réseaux de neurones profonds (plus particulièrement des réseaux à convolution) ainsi que de nouvelles bases de données permettant d’entraîner les dits modèles. Parmi ces bases de données figure « MIO-TCD », la plus grosse base de données annotées au monde faite pour l’analyse de trafic routier.
Hatchi, Roméo. "Analyse mathématique de modèles de trafic routier congestionné." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090048/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the mathematical analysis of some models of congested road traffic. The essential notion is the Wardrop equilibrium. It continues Carlier and Santambrogio's works with coauthors. With Baillon they studied the case of two-dimensional cartesian networks that become very dense in the framework of $\Gamma$-convergence theory. Finding Wardrop equilibria is equivalent to solve convex minimisation problems.In Chapter 2 we look at what happens in the case of general networks, increasingly dense. New difficulties appear with respect to the original case of cartesian networks. To deal with these difficulties we introduce the concept of generalized curves. Structural assumptions on these sequences of discrete networks are necessary to obtain convergence. Sorts of Finsler distance are used and keep track of anisotropy of the network. We then have similar results to those in the cartesian case.In Chapter 3 we study the continuous model and in particular the limit problems. Then we find optimality conditions through a duale formulation that can be interpreted in terms of continuous Wardrop equilibria. However we work with generalized curves and we cannot directly apply Prokhorov's theorem, as in \cite{baillon2012discrete, carlier2008optimal}. To use it we consider a relaxed version of the limit problem with Young's measures. In Chapter 4 we focus on the long-term case, that is, we fix only the distributions of supply and demand. As shown in \cite{brasco2013congested} the problem of Wardrop equilibria can be reformulated in a problem à la Beckmann and reduced to solve an elliptic anisotropic and degenerated PDE. We use the augmented Lagrangian scheme presented in \cite{benamou2013augmented} to show a few numerical simulation examples. Finally Chapter 5 is devoted to studying Monge problems with as cost a Finsler distance. It leads to minimal flow problems. Discretization of these problems is equivalent to a saddle-point problem. We then solve it numerically again by an augmented Lagrangian algorithm
Allain, Guillaume. "Prévision et analyse du trafic routier par des méthodes statistiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/351/.
Full textThe industrial partner of this work is Mediamobile/V-trafic, a company which processes and broadcasts live road-traffic information. The goal of our work is to enhance traffic information with forecasting and spatial extending. Our approach is sometimes inspired by physical modelling of traffic dynamic, but it mainly uses statistical methods in order to propose self-organising and modular models suitable for industrial constraints. In the first part of this work, we describe a method to forecast trafic speed within a time frame of a few minutes up to several hours. Our method is based on the assumption that traffic on the a road network can be summarized by a few typical profiles. Those profiles are linked to the users' periodical behaviors. We therefore make the assumption that observed speed curves on each point of the network are stemming from a probabilistic mixture model. The following parts of our work will present how we can refine the general method. Medium term forecasting uses variables built from the calendar. The mixture model still stands. Additionnaly we use a fonctionnal regression model to forecast speed curves. We then introduces a local regression model in order to stimulate short-term trafic dynamics. The kernel function is built from real speed observations and we integrate some knowledge about traffic dynamics. The last part of our work focuses on the analysis of speed data from in traffic vehicles. These observations are gathered sporadically in time and on the road segment. The resulting data is completed and smoothed by local polynomial regression
Goatin, Paola. "Analyse et approximation numérique de quelques modèles macroscopiques de trafic routier." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765410.
Full textMeheust, Maxime. "Analyse et modélisation des indicateurs du risque routier : le modèle MIRR." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100034.
Full textHuman and social challenges related to the road safety including the costs for the society, are so important that they require a diversity of complementary analysis tools in order to better understand the road risk problem. The issue of this thesis aimed precisely at offering new tools to assess, in the best possible way, this phenomenon and to ultimately guide and support government decision-making in this field. These tools have been developed by modelling successively the mileage driven which formalizes the risk exposure, the injury accidents, the fatalities, the injuries and the two associated severity rates, using a long period and a monthly frequency. This was made by taking into consideration the multidimensional aspect, regarding the tested exogenous variables (motives for movement, meteorology, structure of the vehicle fleet and of the population, economic environment, behavioural factors, etc..), intrinsic to this issue. Breaking with conventional road accident models, the tools proposed by the MIRR model use, for every analysed variable, long-term econometric equations coupled with short-term ones. These approaches thus allow two complementary views of the road risk for a better understanding of this issue as well as an improved perception of future challenges
Brulin, Mathieu. "Analyse sémantique d'un trafic routier dans un contexte de vidéo-surveillance." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14589/document.
Full textAutomatic traffic monitoring plays an important role in traffic surveillance. Video cameras are relatively inexpensive surveillance tools, but necessitate robust, efficient and automated video analysis algorithms. The loss of information caused by the formation of images under perspective projection made the automatic task of detection and tracking vehicles a very challenging problem, but essential to extract a semantic interpretation of vehicles behaviors. The work proposed in this thesis comes from a collaboration between the LaBRI (Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique) and the company Adacis. The aim is to elaborate a complete video-surveillance system designed for automatic incident detection.To reach this objective, traffic scene analysis proceeds from low-level processing to high-level descriptions of the traffic, which can be in a wide variety of type: vehicles entering or exiting the scene, vehicles collisions, vehicles' speed that are too fast or too low, stopped vehicles or objects obstructing part of the road... A large number of road traffic monitoring systems are based on background subtraction techniques to segment the regions of interest of the image. Resulted regions are then tracked and trajectories are used to extract a semantic interpretation of the vehicles behaviors.The motion detection is based on a statistical model of background color. The model used is a mixture model of probabilistic laws, which allows to characterize multimodal distributions for each pixel. Estimation of optical flow, a gradient difference estimation and shadow and highlight detection are used to confirm or invalidate the segmentation results.The tracking process is based on a predictive filter using a motion model with constant velocity. A simple Kalman filter is employed, which allow to predict state of objets based on a \textit{a priori} information from the motion model.The behavior analysis step contains two approaches : the first one consists in exploiting information from low-level and mid-level analysis. Objects and their trajectories are analysed and used to extract abnormal behavior. The second approach consists in analysing a spatio-temporal slice in the 3D video volume. The extracted maps are used to estimate statistics about traffic and are used to detect abnormal behavior such as stopped vehicules or wrong way drivers.In order to help the segmentaion and the tracking processes, a structure model of the scene is proposed. This model is constructed using an unsupervised learning step. During this learning step, gradient information from the background image and typical trajectories of vehicles are estimated. The results are combined to estimate the vanishing point of the scene, the lanes boundaries and a rough depth estimation is performed. In parallel, a statistical model of the trafic flow direction is proposed. To deal with periodic data, a von-Mises mixture model is used to characterize the traffic flow direction
Billot, Romain. "Analyse et modélisation de l'impact de la météorologie sur le trafic routier." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557812.
Full textVojak, Robert. "Analyse et modélisation multi fractales de signaux complexes : application au trafic routier." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090016.
Full textKaaniche, Khaled. "Analyse de scènes aériennes pour le diagnostic du trafic routier et autoroutier." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0523.
Full textMa, Ruihua. "Analyse de sequences d'images stereoscopiques pour la detection d'objets dans un environnement routier." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4786.
Full textGodin, Olivier. "Information visuelle multirésolution pour l'estimation de la vitesse du trafic routier." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6583.
Full textRaharijaona, Thibaut. "Commande robuste pour l'assistance au contrôle latéral d'un véhicule routier." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112179.
Full textLateral control finds many applications in the field of driving assistance. A large number of vehicle accidents results from unexpected excessive yaw motion such as spin-out and lane departure. In addition, such type of accidents generally occurs on rural road, and about 30 % of fatalities in France are due to accidents with vehicle alone. The thesis aims at synthesizing a controller which assists the driver in the situations of lane keeping and disturbance rejections. The vehicle is subject to lateral wind and road banking and the control strategy must ensure driving comfort criteria and must respect the physical limitations of the actuator. The assistance strategy adopted consists in adding a supplementary torque using a motorized direction system to that of the driver. It takes into account three components which are the vehicle, the steering column and the driver. The developments focus on the Hinfinity and Hinfinity-LPV robust control theory completed with the model reduction methods. First, in the context of an Hinfinity synthesis at fixed longitudinal velocity, the specifications are satisfied. The active assistance system ensures good closed loop robustness properties as shown by the mu-analysis. Secondly, in order to increase the stability of the controlled system, a controller scheduled by the longitudinal velocity is synthesized. The performances are better
Germain, C. "Le Conducteur routier, gestionnaire de contraintes." Paris, CNAM, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CNAM0095.
Full textDahmane, Khouloud. "Analyse d'images par méthode de Deep Learning appliquée au contexte routier en conditions météorologiques dégradées." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC020.
Full textNowadays, vision systems are becoming more and more used in the road context. They ensure safety and facilitate mobility. These vision systems are generally affected by the degradation of weather conditions, like heavy fog or strong rain, phenomena limiting the visibility and thus reducing the quality of the images. In order to optimize the performance of the vision systems, it is necessary to have a reliable detection system for these adverse weather conditions.There are meteorological sensors dedicated to physical measurement, but they are expensive. Since cameras are already installed on the road, they can simultaneously perform two functions: image acquisition for surveillance applications and physical measurement of weather conditions instead of dedicated sensors. Following the great success of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in classification and image recognition, we used a deep learning method to study the problem of meteorological classification. The objective of our study is to first seek to develop a classifier of time, which discriminates between "normal" conditions, fog and rain. In a second step, once the class is known, we seek to develop a model for measuring meteorological visibility.The use of CNN requires the use of train and test databases. For this, two databases were used, "Cerema-AWP database" (https://ceremadlcfmds.wixsite.com/cerema-databases), and the "Cerema-AWH database", which has been acquired since 2017 on the Fageole site on the highway A75. Each image of the two bases is labeled automatically thanks to meteorological data collected on the site to characterize various levels of precipitation for rain and fog.The Cerema-AWH base, which was set up as part of our work, contains 5 sub-bases: normal day conditions, heavy fog, light fog, heavy rain and light rain. Rainfall intensities range from 0 mm/h to 70mm/h and fog weather visibilities range from 50m to 1800m. Among the known neural networks that have demonstrated their performance in the field of recognition and classification, we can cite LeNet, ResNet-152, Inception-v4 and DenseNet-121. We have applied these networks in our adverse weather classification system. We start by the study of the use of convolutional neural networks. The nature of the input data and the optimal hyper-parameters that must be used to achieve the best results. An analysis of the different components of a neural network is done by constructing an instrumental neural network architecture. The conclusions drawn from this analysis show that we must use deep neural networks. This type of network is able to classify five meteorological classes of Cerema-AWH base with a classification score of 83% and three meteorological classes with a score of 99%Then, an analysis of the input and output data was made to study the impact of scenes change, the input's data and the meteorological classes number on the classification result.Finally, a database transfer method is developed. We study the portability from one site to another of our adverse weather conditions classification system. A classification score of 63% by making a transfer between a public database and Cerema-AWH database is obtained.After the classification, the second step of our study is to measure the meteorological visibility of the fog. For this, we use a neural network that generates continuous values. Two fog variants were tested: light and heavy fog combined and heavy fog (road fog) only. The evaluation of the result is done using a correlation coefficient R² between the real values and the predicted values. We compare this coefficient with the correlation coefficient between the two sensors used to measure the weather visibility on site. Among the results obtained and more specifically for road fog, the correlation coefficient reaches a value of 0.74 which is close to the physical sensors value (0.76)
Dahyot, Rozenn. "Analyse d'images séquentielles de scènes routières par modèle d'apparence pour la gestion du réseau routier." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2001/DAHYOT_Rozenn_2001.pdf.
Full textRaharijaoana, Thibaut. "Commande robuste pour l'assistance au contrôle latéral d'un véhicule routier." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721986.
Full textRichaudeau, Didier. "Contrat d'assurance automobile et risque routier : analyse théorique et empirique sur données individuelles françaises : 1991-1995." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010026.
Full textFor a long time, insurance has been perceived as a way of transferring responsibilities from insured agents to insurers and thus as influencing insured agents' behavior. Two opportunist behaviors have been analyzed. First, the theory of adverse selection predicts that high-risk agents are likely to want more insurance than low-risk agents. Second, the theory of moral hazard predicts that the wider is insurance coverage, the lower is the level of preventive effort. Thus, both theories conclude that agents who are totally insured should have a higher probability of accident than those who are only partially insured, ceteris paribus. Nevertheless, one of the aims of insurance rating systems which use deductibles and bonus-malus systems and discriminate between insured agents according to drivers and vehicles' characteristics, is to control for these opportunist behaviors. In this thesis, we use individual data to see if the french automobile insurance rating system achieves this aim. In the first part, we present microeconomic contributions explaining adverse selection and moral hazard behaviors. In the second part, we estimate econometric models adapted to traffic risk analysis : count data models (poisson model, binomial negative model, etc). In the third part, we present the french automobile insurance market and build a model illustrating adverse selection and moral hazard behaviors. We conclude that insurance is no longer a factor of risk on its own : the french automobile insurance rating system is efficient to control insured agents opportunism. However, since insurance companies do not usually use mileage to calculate premiums, agents who take out the best insurance coverage drive more than others and thus, they have a higher probability of accidents
Kootbally, Zeïd. "Prédiction des positions de véhicules autonomes dans un environnement routier dynamique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS064.
Full textThe goal of autonomous vehicles research is to build physical systems that can move purposefully and without human intervention in static and dynamic environments, and also in known, partially known and unknown environments. The field of autonomous vehicles is continuing to gain traction both with researchers and practitioners. Funding for research in this area has continued to grow over the past few years, and recent high profile funding opportunities have started to push theoretical research efforts into practical use. Before releasing any autonomous vehicle in the real world, it is important to model the components within a simulated environment and assess the performance of the vehicles in the virtual world. We present the PRIDE framework (Prediction In Dynamic Environments), a hierarchical multiresolutional approach for moving object prediction that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. PRIDE is based upon the 4D/RCS (Real-time Control System) and provides information to planners at the level of granularity that is appropriate for their planning horizon. The lower levels of the framework utilize estimation theoretic short-term predictions based upon an extended Kalman filter with an associated confidence measure. The upper levels utilize a probabilistic prédiction approach based upon situation recognition with an underlying cost model that provides predictions that incorporate environmental information and constraints. PRIDE is run in the systems' world model independently of the planner and the control system and has knowledge of the road structures via a road network database. The results of the prediction are made available to a planner to allow it to make accurate plans in dynamic environments. We have applied this approach to the visualization tool AutoSim and later on to the MOAST/USARSim framework which incorporates the physics, kinematics and dynamics of vehicles involved in traffic scenarios
Dansereau, Nancy. "Analyse des accidents survenus sur l'autoroute 55 dans le sud du Québec 1982-1992." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8643.
Full textDurin, Bertrand. "Transfert et transport colloïdal de polluants métalliquesApplications en assainissement routier." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00104567.
Full textCyr, Robert. "Analyse numérique de l'infiltration de l'eau et des systèmes de drainage souterrains sous un système routier (route résidentielle)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ37841.pdf.
Full textMint, Moustapha Jyda. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation du trafic routier : analyse statistique de modèles d'insertion et simulation probabiliste d'un modèle cinétique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1113/document.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is dedicated to the optimization of the lengths of acceleration lanes using microscopic data collected from real traffic. The insertions on the highway junctions can indeed be especially dangerous considering the difference between the speeds on the on ramp merge lane and those on the highway lanes. We develop and analyse some microscopic merging models. We first propose a statistical model based on the logistic regression techniques. Statistical hypothesis tests allow to select the most significant descriptive variables in the merging decision process. A behavioural modelling taking those variables into account is next proposed to better capture the interactions by including some thresholds on the gaps between the merging vehicles and freeway vehicles. The models are validated using real traffic data collected at the SAROT site near Angers. Secondly, traffic simulation at the mesoscopic scale is mostly based on deterministic numerical schemes. However, these methods have a high computational cost. The objective of the second part of this thesis is to present a new method to simulate the Paveri-Fontana kinetic model through a probabilistic approach. We interpret the evolution equation in this model as a Fokker-Planck equation and deduce an approximation based on a system of interacting particles. The algorithmic complexity of this method is optimized. We have performed a numerical comparison between the probabilistic method and a deterministic method on some cases study. The qualitative analysis highlights the benefits of the particle method such as its computation cost and its ability to reproduce some typical traffic effects
Fabretti, Jean-François. "Caractérisation des particules atmosphériques liées au transport routier et aérien dans la ville de Nice." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4076.
Full textThis work was dedicated to the characterization of the elemental composition of atmospheric particles associated to urban traffic and air traffic. An analytical method for the determination of trace metals in PM2,5 and PM10 was developed. The instrument used, an ICP-MS, was optimised for the removal of the polyatomic interferences and to provide ultra trace-level detection limits. PM2,5 and PM10 sampling campaigns were conducted in sites within the area of Nice exposed to air and urban traffic : the Nice-Côte d’Azur airport and the urban Malraux tunnel. The analysis of the tunnel data was carried out with specific characterisation tools (enrichment factors, ascending hierarchic classification) and allowed to show specific elemental fingerprint of the “road traffic” source in the PM2,5. Two receptor models, Principal Component Analysis (ACP) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), were used on the airport data. They showed up the different particle sources influencing the ambient air of the receptor site and their contribution to the metal concentration in the air. The PMF model distinguished a specific emission source of metals at the airport with characteristics different from the road traffic emissions and from natural emission
Dandach, Hoda. "Prédiction de l'espace navigable par l'approche ensembliste pour un véhicule routier." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP1892/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we aim to characterize a vehicle stable state domain, as well as vehicle state estimation, using interval methods.In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in the intelligent vehicle state estimation.The Bayesian approach is one of the most popular and used approaches of estimation. It is based on the calculated probability of the density function which is neither evident nor simple all the time, conditioned on the available measurements.Among the Bayesian approaches, we know the Kalman filter (KF) in its three forms(linear, non linear and unscented). All the Kalman filters assume unimodal Gaussian state and measurement distributions. As an alternative, the Particle Filter(PF) is a sequential Monte Carlo Bayesian estimator. Contrary to Kalman filter,PF is supposed to give more information about the posterior even when it has a multimodal shape or when the noise follows non-Gaussian distribution. However,the PF is very sensitive to the imprecision due by bias or noise, and its efficiency and accuracy depend mainly on the number of propagated particles which can easily and significantly increase as a result of this imprecision. In this part, we introduce the interval framework to deal with the problems of the non-white biased measurements and bounded errors. We use the Box Particle Filter (BPF), an estimator based simultaneously on the interval analysis and on the particle approach. We aim to estimate some immeasurable state from the vehicle dynamics using the bounded error Box Particle algorithm, like the roll angle and the lateral load transfer, which are two dynamic states of the vehicle. BPF gives a guaranteed estimation of the state vector. The box encountering the estimation is guaranteed to encounter thereal value of the estimated variable as well.In the second part of this thesis, we aim to compute a vehicle stable state domain.An algorithm, based on the set inversion principle and the constraints satisfaction,is used. Considering the longitudinal velocity and the side slip angle at the vehicle centre of gravity, we characterize the set of these two state variables that corresponds to a stable behaviour : neither roll-over nor sliding. Concerning the roll-over risk,we use the lateral transfer ratio LTR as a risk indicator. Concerning the sliding risk, we use the wheels side slip angles. All these variables are related geometrically to the longitudinal velocity and the side slip angle at the centre of gravity. Using these constraints, the set inversion principle is applied in order to define the set ofthe state variables where the two mentioned risks are avoided. The algorithm of Sivia is implemented. Knowing the vehicle trajectory, a maximal allowed velocityon every part of this trajectory is deduced
Amberg, Virginie Marthon Philippe. "Analyse de scènes péri-urbaines à partir d'images radar haute résolution application à l'extraction semi-automatique du réseau routier /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000291.
Full textBagnerini, Patrizia. "Etude théorique et numérique de problèmes hyperboliques non-linéaires : applications à la génération de maillages et au trafic routier." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5764.
Full textThis thesis, formed by three parts, presents a theoretical and numerical study of a few non-linear hyperbolic systems. The purpose of the first part is the applications of the Hamilton-Jacobi equations to mesh generation and to ray approximation. The aim is the generation of anisotropic meshes which are au\-to\-ma\-ti\-cally refined in regions where a previously computed approximation of the numerical solution of some PDE has large derivatives. The idea is to generate an adapted mesh by solving the Eikonal equation on the graph of z, equipped with a suitable Riemannian metric. We also propose a Delaunay mesh generation algorithm where the nodes of the adapted mesh are located at constant Riemannian distance on the level curves of the viscosity solution of the Riemannian Eikonal equation. Moreover, we introduce a scheme to compute the solution of the Eikonal equation on a triangular mesh and to approximate the corresponding characteristic curves in Eulerian way. In the second part we introduce a new homogenized hyperbolic multi-class traffic flow model which allows to take into account the behaviors of different type of vehicles and drivers. We discretize the Lagrangian system introduced with a Godunov scheme, and we let the mesh size h go to 0: the typical length of a vehicle and time vanish. Therefore, the variables (w,a) which describe the heterogeneity of the reactions of the different car-driver pairs in the traffic, develop large oscillations. We show that the velocity is the unique solution of a scalar conservation law, with variable coefficients, discontinuous in x. Finally, we prove that the same macroscopic homogenized model is also the hydrodynamic limit of the corresponding multi-class Follow-the-Leader model. In the third part we study a compressible two-phase flow model in order to define a class of relaxation schemes. Even if the system presents a region of ellipticity, we show that it is still possible to associate to the system, written under non conservative form, an entropy-flux couple
Leroux, Denis. "Analyse de réseaux et intégration d'une approche déductive aux systèmes d'information géographique, l'exemple du transport routier des matières dangereuses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21005.pdf.
Full textMhanna, Mohannad. "Analyse des vibrations induites par le trafic routier et étude de l’efficacité des systèmes de réduction de ces vibrations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10055/document.
Full textTraffic induced Vibrations, especially by buses and heavy vehicles are a major concern in urban areas. The study of traffic vibrations is complex because it requires taking into account several aspects such as: vehicle modeling, the interaction between the vehicle and the road pavement and the wave propagation in free field or in a neighboring structure. The present work aims to study the vibrations induced by traffic in order to estimate their impact on the environment. The study was conducted by a three-dimensional numerical modeling in finite differences. The proposed model takes into account the mechanical characteristics of the vehicle, the interaction between the vehicle and the various types of road pavement and the vehicle speed. This model is validated by in situ measurements. In addition, we present measurements realized in cooperation with CETE North Picardy on an isolation method. The effectiveness of various isolation devices usually studied in the literature is analyzed. These devices include the trench barriers, the heavy surface blocks and the wave impeding blocks (WIBs)
Amberg, Virginie. "Analyse de scènes péri-urbaines à partir d'images radar haute résolution : application à l'extraction semi-automatique du réseau routier." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7452/1/amberg1.pdf.
Full textLeroux, Denis G. "Analyse de réseaux et intégration d'une approche déductive aux systèmes d'information géographique : l'exemple du transport routier des matières dangereuses." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4273.
Full textFall, Ameth. "Analyse des performances d'un véhicule utilitaire routier et évaluation de sa conduite en vue d'une gestion optimale, énergétique et mécanique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ESAE0026.
Full textBeudon, Camille. "Conception et analyse de cycle de vie d'un pont routier à platelage en aluminium sur poutres en bois lamellé-collé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67779.
Full textThe Quebec Gouvernment wishes to promote the use of wood and aluminium in the construction and rehabilitation of structures. In the context of the short-term vision of construction projects, wood and aluminium are clearly disadvantaged. However, aluminium and glued laminated timber could become competitive materials for the rehabilitation of the Quebec roadway bridges, in particular thanks to their local production in Quebec and their possibility of recycling. In order to avoid a biased short-term view, the method of arbitration used is that of life cycle analysis. This holistic method makes it possible to take into account all life-cycle stages. Two analyzes are carried out in parallel. The first concerns life cycle costs and the second concerns environmental impacts. These two studies complement each other and add a environmental dimension, which is not negligible today, on decision-making. The first stage of this project consists of the design of the hybrid bridge deck aluminium on glued laminated timber beams using the CAN / CSA S6-14 standard. The bridge-type thus designed is subsequently used during life cycle analyzes. The economic analysis is done using the ISO 15686-5 standard (2017). The environmental impact analysis is done using the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards (2006). The use of wood and aluminium as well as the low number of maintenance operations make the aluminum/wood deck more economically advantageous over its entire lifespan. Conventional concrete/steel decks provide a clear reduction in initial construction costs, but this trend is reversed very quickly. The possible prefabrication of aluminium/steel and aluminium/ wood bridge decks reduces indirect construction costs. Thus aluminium/ wood bridge decks reduce 86 % of the total cost of the conventional bridge deck. In terms of environmental indicators, the aluminium wood/decki s also to be favored
Crevier, Geneviève. "Analyse de la circulation des aides à la mobilité sur le réseau routier avant et après l'introduction d'un cadre légal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10642.
Full textLebbah, Mustapha. "Carte topologique pour données qualitatives : application à la reconnaissance automatique de la densité du trafic routier." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161698.
Full textCe travail de thèse a été réalisé à la direction de la recherche de RENAULT. Le travail s'est focalisé sur le développement d'un modèle de reconnaissance de trafic.
Le premier modèle proposé dans cette thèse est dédié aux données binaires ''BTM''. C'est un modèle de quantification vectorielle de type carte topologique. Ce modèle prend les caractéristiques principales des cartes topologiques. Pour ce nouveau modèle, afin de prendre en compte les spécificités des données binaires, on a choisi de changer la métrique usuelle utilisée dans les modèles de cartes topologiques et d'utiliser la distance Hamming.
Le second modèle est le premier modèle probabiliste de cartes topologiques dédié aux données binaires. Ce modèle s'inspire de travaux antérieurs qui modélisent une distribution par un mélange de mélange de lois de Bernoulli.
Le troisième modèle est un nouveau modèle de carte topologique appelé CTM (Categorical topological Map) adapté à la classification non supervisée des données qualitatives multi-dimensionnelles. Ce nouveau modèle conserve cependant les principales caractéristiques des deux modèles précédents. Afin de maximiser les vraisemblance des données, CTM utilise de manière classique l'algorithme EM.
Dans ce mémoire, on introduit le domaine d'application propre au travail mené chez RENAULT. Nous détaillerons l'apport original de notre travail: utilisation de l'information catégorielle pour traiter de la reconnaissance du trafic. Nous exposerons les différentes analyses effectuées sur l'application des algorithmes proposés.
Ji, Zhi Ping. "Transport combiné ou transport routier ? Etude des facteurs de choix entre deux systèmes de transport intérieur de fret." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529459.
Full textJoliveau, Marc. "Réduction de séries chronologiques de trafic routier urbain issues d'un réseau de capteurs géoréférencés et extraction de motifs spatio-temporels." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1087.
Full textDemonceaux, Cédric. "Etude du mouvement dans les séquences d'images par analyse d'ondelettes et modélisation markovienne hiérarchique : application à la détection d'obstacles dans un milieu routier." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862980.
Full textPolizzi, Bastien. "Modélisation et simulations numériques pour des systèmes de la mécanique des fluides avec contraintes : application à la biologie et au trafic routier." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4069/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of partial differential equation systems. In particular, we are interested in constrained systems coming from the fluid mechanics field which allow to describe, in time and space, physical quantities such as density or speed. In this context we build models for biology: modeling of the growth of micro-algae biofilms and modeling of the large intestine and its mucus layer. These models are then tested numerically using numerical schemes specifically developed for these models. This thesis is supplemented with a numerical study of Aw-Rascle model with constraint for road traffic
Gidel, Samuel. "Méthodes de détection et de suivi multi-piétons multi-capteurs embarquées sur un véhicule routier : application à un environnement urbain." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22028.
Full textLenguerrand, Érik. "L'exposition au risque routier et sa prise en compte dans les analyses épidémiologiques des accidents de la route selon la disponibilité de l'information." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10018.
Full textDetermining the primary road safety risk requires knowing the population at risk of being crash involved. Exposure to road risk is difficult to analyse as it is a multidimensional concept and the necessary information is often missing. Firstly, the characteristics of road exposure concept are described in a Chapter on the State of the art. Secondly, the epidemiological and accidentological approaches that allow estimating the road risk when the information on the exposure is available are discussed. Thirdly, the methods of induced and quasi-induced exposure, which are uses for determining accident risks in absence of exposure data, are compared with case control study approach. Finally, the relevance of primary safety conclusions obtained through secondary road safety data, are discussed. This work describes the strengths and weaknesses of different methods used for taking in account the role of exposure to road risk in observational analysis of primary safety
Dimon, Catalin. "Contributions à la modélisation et la commande des réseaux de trafic routier." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801762.
Full textEl, Mahrsi Mohamed Khalil. "Analyse et fouille de données de trajectoires d'objets mobiles." Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943936.
Full textLenguerrand, Erik. "L'exposition au risque routier et sa prise en compte dans les analyses épidémiologiques des accidents del la route selon la disponibilité de l'information." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544856.
Full textEl, Bouazzaoui Ibtissam. "L'EMPREINTE ECOLOGIQUE : Proposition d'un modèle synthétique de représentation des empreintes à l'échelle " Micro " d'une organisation ou d'un projet." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776465.
Full textDELETRAZ, Gaelle. "Géographie des risques environnementaux liés aux transports routiers en montagne. Incidences des emissions d'oxydes d'azote en vallées d'Aspe et de Biriatou (Pyrénées)." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003245.
Full textChen, Ruiwei. "Uncertainty quantification in the simulation of road traffic and associated atmospheric emissions in a metropolitan area." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1029/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the uncertainty quantification in the modeling of road traffic emissions in a metropolitan area. The first step is to estimate the time-dependent traffic flow at street-resolution for a full agglomeration area, using a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model. Then, a metamodel is built for the DTA model set up for the agglomeration, in order to reduce the computational cost of the DTA simulation. Then the road traffic emissions of atmospheric pollutants are estimated at street resolution, based on a modeling chain that couples the DTA metamodel with an emission factor model. This modeling chain is then used to conduct a global sensitivity analysis to identify the most influential inputs in computed traffic flows, speeds and emissions. At last, the uncertainty quantification is carried out based on ensemble simulations using Monte Carlo approach. The ensemble is evaluated with observations in order to check and optimize its reliability
Utasse, Marina. "Les réseaux de transport routiers face aux laves torrentielles : contribution à l'évaluation du risque : l'exemple des Alpes françaises." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010702.
Full textThe Alps are highly impacted by debris-flows triggered by heavy rainfall and snowmelt. Such damaging events to transportation networks caused important socio-economic impacts. Owing to many landlocked valleys in the Alps, the disturbance of road networks does not just affect the damaged area, but extends to all reliant areas and activities. The objective of this thesis was to conduct a systemic analysis of the risk-network structured around every steps of the risk. We selected three catchments located on roads with high territorial issues in the French Alps. The method combined several approaches: 1) a statistical rainfall analysis associated with damaging events, 2) a torrential flows modeling related to physical damage, 3) a comparison of theoretical road crisis management protocols with real crisis management following a damaging event, 4) functional disturbances beyond the impacted area. This thesis has highlighted the factors aggravating structural vulnerability of the network ; it explains the action planning establishing during the damaging event on the Rif Blanc June 4, 2012. Finally, it was estimated the territorial losses of accessibility at various spatial scales
Blais, Étienne. "Dissuasion et sécurité routière : une évaluation de l'impact des contrôles pénaux sur le bilan routier." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16599.
Full textOrtega, Hurtado Fernando Antonio. "Impacts sur l'environnement du transport de marchandises par camion : analyse quantitative des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans la province du Québec." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/956/1/M10229.pdf.
Full textAubrun, Michelle. "Extraction des informations sur la morphologie des milieux urbains par analyse des images satellites radars interférométriques." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22649.
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