Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse du protéome'
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Ferré, Marc. "Analyse bio-informatique du protéome mitochondrial et du spectre des mutations de la protéine Opa1." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457327.
Full textPapin, Nelly. "Développement d'une puce à protéine pour l'analyse quantitative du protéome par spectrométrie de masse." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D033.
Full textThis thesis project deals with protein quantification and characterization technology. The aim of this thesis was to develop a protein microarray to quantify proteins in different biological samples. The method involved differential labelling of proteome extracts with chemical tags for the purpose of protein differenciation and quantification. After modification, the protein samples were mixed and applied to a hydrogel antibody microarray. Following washing with PBST, the captured proteins were digested by trypsin or glu C on the features. The peptides were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to obtain their relative quantification. As a proof of concept, was developed the MS quantification based on differential chemical modification and studied the impact of modification on the antibody interaction. Capture agents were commercial available antibodies which had suitable binding characteristics. Using this approach, we achieved quantification of apolipoprotein AI in serum corresponding to classical diagnostic analysis results, thus supporting our goal of applying this technology for diagnostic and clinical analysis
Deniel, Nicolas. "Analyse des effets pharmaco-nutritionnels de la glutamine sur le protéome intestinal humain." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUENR06.
Full textChapeton, Montes Diana Joanne. "Influence de l'environnement sur le protéome de surface de Clostridium difficile : analyse globale et caractérisation de la cystéine protéase Cwp84." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790732.
Full textJancek, Séverine. "Signatures génomiques de trois écotypes de l'algue verte Ostreococcus (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae) : analyse de leur protéome." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0853.
Full textThe genus Ostreococcus regroups the smallest unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes known to date. Complete genome of three species of Ostreococcus, isolated from three different ecological niches, have been recently entirely sequenced. These ecotypes correspond to a surface strain adapted to high light intensity (Ostreococcus lucimarinus), a deep strain adapted to low light intensity (O. Sp. RCC809) and a polyvalent surface strain adapted to high light and low light intensity (O. Tauri). First, genome comparison reveals an unexpected divergence in amino acids between orthologous genes (mean identity of 70%) and more surprising that their 18S sequences, marker genes used to characterized planktonic species, have an identity above 99%. Divergence between these three strains have been compared with divergence between complete genomes available in four eukaryotic lineages (Metazoa, Viridiplantae, Ascomycetes and Chlorophyta). These comparisons underlined the fact that the 18S marker gene underestimates the global divergence in unicellular organisms. Second, I compared the proteomes of the three Ostreococcus to determine the genetic basis of their adaptation to their ecological niche. This comparison allowed to identify both orthologous genes shared by the three strains and species specific genes for each strains. Research of the functions of specific genes in one hand, and estimation of the substitution rates between orthologous genes in the other hand, allowed to identify the likely canditates for the origin of adaptation of these organisms to their environment, and this analysis suggests a major role of transmembrane proteins in species evolution
Boisson, Bertrand. "Caractérisation et fonction de la N-myristoylation du protéome d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066367.
Full textMichaut, Magali. "Analyse de données transcriptome et protéome pour l'étude des réponses aux stress oxydants et aux métaux lourds." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362822.
Full textMichaut, Magali. "Analyse de données transcriptome et protéome pour l’étude des réponses aux stress oxydants et aux métaux lourds." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112178.
Full textThis work aims at studying responses to oxidative stress and heavy metals through transcriptomic and proteomic data analysis, in particular in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis. This organism is a prokaryote largely studied which notably enables to improve the understanding of plants and is easy to manipulate genetically. The approach first involved analysing the transcriptional responses of Synechocystis' genes in stress conditions, particularly in the presence of cadmium or hydrogen peroxide. Methods to predict protein-protein interactions were then developed in order to construct an interaction network. This network was compared to an experimental network in terms of structure. It was then complemented with transcriptomic data previously analysed in order to obtain a more integrated view of the different phenomena and to study the dynamics of functional modules. The results show different phases in the transcriptional responses as well as functional groups of interacting and coexpressed proteins. In addition, the automation of a mixed hierarchical-pyramidal classification method is proposed. A method to identify composition biases between groups of proteins was also developed. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction prediction tool was developed, of use for all sequenced species. This open-source software, InteroPorc, has been made available and has the great advantage of being flexible since it can be applied to different source interactions. Furthermore this tool can be easily run online through a web interface (http://biodev. Extra. Cea. Fr/interoporc/)
Blanc, Jean-Frédéric. "Carcinogénèse hépatique : rôle des protéases matricielles et identification de nouveaux acteurs par analyse globale du protéome des carcinomes hépatocellulaires." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21129.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises often in cirrhotic patients with deep stromal alterations. Then, the study of interactions between stroma and cancerous cells is of great interest. We studied the function of matrix proteases in HCC progression and we have shown that tumoral hepatocytes regulated MMP-2 production by hepatic myofibroblasts. Then, using a model of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, we have shoxn that pravastatin decrease the metastatic potential of tumors, associated with an inhibition of MMP-2 activation. Finally, a proteomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma developed in hepatitis C allowed us to identify 45 proteins differentially expressed. Among these proteins, we have demonstrated the involvement of reptin in hepatic carcinogenesis. Indeed, the over expression of reptin in HuH7 cells increased the tumorigenicity of these cells after injection in immunocompromised mice whereas the down-regulation of reptin led to an apoptosis of the cells
Turck, Natacha. "Analyse du protéome nucléaire au cours des processus de prolifération/différenciation dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales Caco-2/TC7." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13097.
Full textDsamou, Micheline. "Protéome salivaire et sensibilité à l'amertume chez l'Homme." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935220.
Full textMihour, Fatma. "Influence de la conservation au froid des échantillons alimentaires sur la viabilité des microorganismes présents : Essais de cryoprotection : approches microbiologiques et protéomique." Massy, ENSIA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EIAA0127.
Full textAli, Rachedi Sonia. "Etude de la dormance des graines chez nicotiana plumbaginifolia et arabidopsis thaliana : role de l'acide abscissique et analyse proteomique." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0051.
Full textSeeds dormancy is characterised by a temporary inability to germinate when they are placed in favourable germination conditions. In Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Np) PbH1D, the establishment of dormancy during maturation of seeds is concomitant to a great increase in ABA content and occurs before the final acceleration of dehydration. In an ABA deficient mutant, production of ABA is very low and dormancy does not occur. In a GA deficient mutant, ABA content is reduced which is an indication that GAs are implicated in the regulation of ABA content during maturation of seeds and thus the establishment of dormancy. In Np, as well as in Arabidopsis thaliana CVI ecotype, mature dormant grains (D) produce ABA 24 hours to three days after the beginning of imbibition. This synthesis is responsible for slow germination, it is suppressed by a deficiency of ABA or fluridone treatment and does not occur in non-dormant grains (ND). It is also blocked by treatments suppressing dormancy, like addition of GAs in N. P. And stratification or addition of nitrate in A. T. . Both species can thus be distinguished by a more or less antagonistic role of GAs versus neo-synthesis of ABA, which is an expression of dormancy. In order to better understand the consequences of these hormonal differences upon the general functioning of metabolism in the seed, we developed a proteomic analysis of seeds in A. T. The genome of which has been completely sequenced. We have analysed bidimensional profiles of total proteins of D and ND seeds, dry and imbibed. We were able to identify by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 138 proteins. This study permit us to show that dry seeds are the site of metabolic changes.
Tasleem-Tahir, Ayesha. "Analyse du protéome de l'albumen et des couches périphériques du grain de blé (Triticum aestivum L.) en développement : vers une intégration des données avec le transcriptome." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923145.
Full textAlazay, Ludovic. "Étude des mécanismes d’actions de la stimulation électrique haute fréquence utilisée comme traitement de la maladie de Parkinson." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10255.
Full textParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of hypomotricity. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in it development as research could state. Pharmacological or chirurgical treatments can be considered. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) developed by Professor Benabid, is a treatment that proved its efficiency. As a whole, this study intends to analyse how the DBS mechanisms are. A micro-array transcriptomic was done. It enables to highlight that electrical high frequency stimulate a deep change in the genetic expression profile. Major impacts are seen on the expression of genes responsible of protein synthesis and catabolism as well as many acting on RNA transcription and maturation. The importance of quality control is highlighted and techniques to improve reproducibility of micro-array’s results are described. A second step analyse proteins’ expression through incorporation of radioactive methionin and SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results shown a significant decrease of proteins’ expression provoked by the high frequency electrical stimulation
Villers, Fanny. "Tests et sélection de modèles pour l'analyse de données protéomiques et transcriptomiques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112198.
Full textThe techniques for gathering data expression for a large number of genes or proteins have grown in recent years. The purpose of this thesis is to provide statistical methods appropriate to treat these data. The first part concerns the differential analysis of proteomic data obtained from bidimensional electrophoresis. The aim is to detect the proteins whose abundance differs according to the experimental condition. When we compare simultaneously more than two conditions, this comes to detect the non-zero components of the mean of a Gaussian vector whose components are not independent and whose dependence structure is known. We propose a model selection approach based on the minimization of a penalized least squares criterion. The two other parts of the thesis concern Gaussian graphical models, that can be used to desribe interactions between genes. In the second part we propose a study based on simulations to compare the performances of several methods of graph estimation. In the third part we propose a test of graph. Indeed, biologists often have a previous knowledge of the genetic network and may want to assess the quality of their model thanks to gene expression data. To this aim we constructed a procedure for testing the neighborhoods of the nodes of the graph. Our procedure is based on the test of a linear hypothesis in a Gaussian linear regression in random Gaussian design
Kolditz, Catherine-Inès. "Déterminisme nutritionnel et génétique de la teneur en lipides musculaires chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) : étude par analyse de l'expression de gènes candidats, du protéome et du transcriptome du foie et du muscle." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13717/document.
Full textThe objective of the study was to identify genes and proteins that are involved in the control of muscle fat deposition in rainbow trout. We analyzed the combined effects exerted by genetic selection and dietary treatment, which are the two main factors that can be used to manage body fat content. Two lines of rainbow trout, obtained after 3 generations of divergent selection for high or low muscle fat content, were fed diets containing either 10% or 23% lipids (% dry matter), for six months. We analyzed the activity and gene expression of key enzymes involved in energy utilization, and performed a more global approach through transcriptome (nylon microarray) and proteome (two- dimensional electrophoresis) analysis. We analyzed the liver, which is the centre of intermediary metabolism and the main site of lipogenesis in fish, and the muscle, the target tissue of the selection provedure. The results confirmed the depressing effect exerted by a lipid rich diet on lipogenesis and fatty acid desaturation, already described in larger size fish, and provided new insight about the effect exerted on the other metabolic pathways, in particular the proteolysis. These analyses pointed out metabolic differences existing between lines. They involved not only lipid metabolism, but also the other pathways of nutrient utilization. With regard to their muscle-fattening effect, the dietary treatment and the genetic selection appear to act through different molecular mechanisms. These analyses allowed the identification of two genes that are over-expressed in muscle upon both high dietary lipid supply and upward selection for muscle fat content, suggesting that these two genes could be relevant molecular markers of muscle fattening
Fabre, Bertrand. "Analyse de la diversité structurale des complexes de protéasome humain par approches protéomiques quantitatives." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30328.
Full textMost of essential cellular pathways require the coordinated action of a large number of proteins that associate to form multi-protein complexes, often highly dynamic in time, space and abundance. The proteasome, an ubiquitous multiprotein complex, is responsible for the degradation of modified and non-functional proteins, or proteins involved in the regulation of most cellular key processes. Therefore the proteasome has a large functional, but also structural, diversity. It is constituted by the dynamic association between several complexes with a central catalytic particle, called 20S proteasome, present in all proteasome complexes, and four types of regulators, called 19S, PA28aß, PA28? and PA200. The cellular 20S proteasome exists in four main conformations, depending on the controlled integration of standard (ß1, ß2 and ß5), or immunological (ß1i, ß2i and ß5i) catalytic subunits, and can be found in its free form or in association with one or two, identical or different, regulatory complexes. The level of knowledge of these complexes stoichiometry, their cellular distribution, their dynamics and their specific functional roles is now very limited. The aim of this thesis project was to develop approaches using the most recent quantitative proteomic techniques based on mass spectrometry to study the structural diversity of proteasome complex. First, we studied the distribution of proteasome complexes in acute myeloid leukemia cells (U937 and KG1a). We optimized an integrated strategy combining in vivo formaldehyde cross-linking for an early stabilization of proteasome complexes, cellular fractionation of cross-linked cells, immunopurification of proteasome complexes, and label-free mass spectrometry quantification of proteins. Our results showed that, at the subcellular level, the proteasome is mainly regulated through changes in the 20S proteasome interaction with its regulators rather than through changes in the composition of its catalytic subunits. In a second part, we identified all proteasome associated proteins in three different compartments of U937 cells to determine its main subcellular functions. We showed that the proteasome is rather associated with intracellular signaling pathways in the cytosol whereas it is mainly associated with proteins involved in protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the nucleus, we found that the proteasome is associated with proteins involved in transcription or DNA damage response. These results highlight a specialized function of proteasome in each cellular compartment. In a third part, we extended the study of proteasome complexes to 8 cell lines of different origins and we showed that catalytic subunits and regulators compositions of proteasome complexes are highly variable depending on the cell type. In addition, we have developed a method of protein abundance profiling that allowed us to define the existence of proteasome complex subtypes formed by specific 20S proteasome species and regulatory complexes. One of these preferential interactions involving the immunoproteasome and the PA28aß regulator has been confirmed by other biochemical approaches. Our work, based on the development of innovative biochemical tools and quantitative proteomic strategies, have thus helped to better understand the diversity, the stoichiometry and the dynamics of proteasome complexes at the subcellular level and between different cell types. The developed methods might be useful to study the distribution and composition of other protein complexes
Gouriet, Frédérique. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle technique par microarray antigénique pour le diagnostic sérologique par syndrome en maladies infectieuses." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20652.
Full textCheraiti, Naoufel. "Étude des interactions entre souches de Saccharomyces lors de cultures mixtes en conditions œnologiques : implication de l'acétaldéhyde." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0017.
Full textLe, Feuvre Aurélie. "Etude du système ubiquitine-protéasome : analyse du rôle de la protéine hHR23/Rad23 dans l'ubiquitylation de p53 et recherche de cofacteurs du protéasome 26S." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20206.
Full textThe ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a key role in most biological pathways, due to its central function in regulated proteolysis. Protein degradation through the UPS usually occurs in two main steps: ubiquitylation of proteins and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. However, many open questions remain concerning UPS functioning. During my thesis, I followed two main research axes aimed at investigating the ill-understood ubiquitylation/degradation interface. One axis was to further study the role(s) in Hdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitylation of the Rad23/hHR23 protein, known to be an adaptator involved in addressing ubiquitylated substrates to the proteasome. I showed that Rad23 effect is twofold: in addition to inhibit both multi-mono- and poly-ubiquitylation of p53 by Hdm2, Rad23 somehow favors Hdm2 auto-ubiquitylation. Moreover, I confirmed that the domain responsible for the effects of Rad23 is its UBA2 domain, and showed that Rad23 dimerization might be involved in these processes. The second axis was aimed at identifying new cellular factors involved in targeting ubiquitylated substrates to the proteasome, or in assisting 26S proteasome during protein degradation. My goal was to purify and characterize proteins, through cell extract fractionation, having a positive effect on degradation of ubiquitylated p53 by purified 26S proteasome. Rapidly, my work was focused on the PA28 αβ complex, that was found in active fractions, and I obtained striking results indicating that it could play a role in 26S activation. However, due to time constraints and technical difficulties, this part of my work could not be brought to a conclusive end yet. In a second part of this project, I purified from cell extracts another activity that is able to both bind to and activate the 26S proteasome. Two potential candidates were identified in the active fractions: the Ecm29 protein and the translational complex eIF3
Moreau, Violaine. "Analyse bioinformatique des sites d'intéractions protéine-protéine et prédictions épitopiques." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON13515.
Full textAndreani, Jessica. "Analyse évolutive, prédiction structurale et inhibition des interactions protéine-protéine." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066291.
Full textLes interactions protéine-protéine sont fondamentales dans la plupart des processus cellulaires. Cette thèse est centrée sur l’analyse et la prédiction de ces interactions en utilisant à la fois les données structurales et l’information issue de l’évolution. A travers l’étude de plus de 1000 couples d’interfaces homologues, extraits d’une base de données développée dans notre équipe, nous avons mis en évidence une plasticité étonnante dans l’évolution de la structure des interfaces. Nous avons cependant identifié des propriétés assez conservées qui fournissent des pistes pour l’extraction d’information à partir des alignements de séquences multiples de deux partenaires en interaction. Nous avons ensuite développé une fonction de score « gros grain » utilisant un potentiel statistique multi-corps couplé à l’information évolutive. Cette fonction améliore les prédictions d’interfaces protéiques et a été utilisée dans deux cas concrets d’amarrage moléculaire. Enfin, nous avons développé un protocole bio-informatique robuste pour le design d’inhibiteurs peptidiques d’une interaction protéine-protéine
Thierry-Mieg, Nicolas. "Modélisation informatique et analyse prédictive des interactions protéine-protéine chez Caenorhabditis elegans." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10185.
Full textBeleoken, Ongmessen Elvire. "Approches innovantes appliquées à l’identification des auto-antigènes dans les hépatites auto et allo-immunes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T048.
Full textAlloimmune hepatitis following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is poorly characterized. The first goal of this thesis was to identify antigens (Ag) targets of autoantibodies (auto-Ab) in sera from patients, using serological proteome analysis. Five patients who received an allogeneic BMT developed liver dysfunctions with histological features suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. Before and during the onset of hepatic dysfunction, sera were tested on immunoblots performed with cytosolic, microsomal, mitochondrial and nuclear proteins from rat liver homogenate, resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. After tryptic digestion, antigenic targets were identified by two tandem mass spectrometry techniques: MALDI-TOF/TOF and nanoHPLC LTQ Orbitrap®. A total of 103 different proteins were identified. Twelve of them were recognized by sera from three patients. This is the first immunological description of hepatitis occurring after BMT, enabling a discussion of the mechanisms that transform an alloimmune reaction into an autoimmune response. Any decision to withdraw immunosuppression after allogeneic BMT should be made with caution and hepatic parameters monitored systematically.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is a target for antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In the second part of the thesis, the goal was to characterize Ag-Ab interactions as a function of pathology, using surface plasmon resonance imagery (SPRi). Sera from 8 patients from each pathology and healthy donors (D) were passed across a SPRi surface containing 39 overlapping peptides of 17 mers covering the human hnRNP B1. Interactions involving the immobilised peptides were followed in real time and dissociation rate constants koff for each interaction were calculated. koff values reflect the stability of the complex. Several significant interactions were observed: i) high stability (lower koff values) between P55-70 and the AIH sera compared to controls (p= 0.003); ii) lower stability (higher koff values) between P118-133 and P262-277 and SLE sera, P145-160 and RA sera compared to controls (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.007). These results indicate that P55-70 of hnRNP B1 is a potential biomarker for AIH in immunological tests.The binding curves and koff values observed after the formation of complexes with anti-IgM and anti-IgG antibodies and after nuclease treatment of the serum indicate that i) IgM isotypes are prevalent and ii) circulating nucleic acids, present or absent according to the autoimmune disorders, participate in the interaction between anti-hnRNP B1 and P55-70 and also between controls and the peptides studied and are involved in antigen-antibody stability. Results from our work as well as promising innovations in mass spectrometry and SPR technologies lead us to consider the development of new tests, usable in monitoring patients with auto and alloimmune liver diseases
Charrier, Lucie. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la protéine CRB3 in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27300.
Full textBoex-Fontvieille, Edouard. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la protéine WSCP chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837559.
Full textFauny, Jean-Daniel. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la protéine Scalloped chez Drosophila melanogaster." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077066.
Full textBaudot, Anaïs. "Analyse bioinformatique des interactomes : une approche de la fonction cellulaire des protéines." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22021.
Full textOrganism cell functioning mainly depends on physical interactions, more particularly between proteins. These protein-protein interactions form complex intricate networks in the cell. The aim of my PhD work was first to automatize the PRODISTIN method, developped in the lab in order to extract biological information from interaction networks, and to expand it to weighted networks. Second, the method has been applied to study paralogous genes, remnant of yeast whole genome duplication. It permitted to propose a functional scale of divergence for duplicated genes based on the analysis of protein-protein interactions. Third, we made a global analysis of 9 signaling pathways integrated in the drosophila interactome. We identified a modular signaling network lying centrally in the interactome and predicted a signaling function for certain proteins of yet unknown function. We are currently working on a local analysis of Pi3K signaling pathway integrated in human interactome
Miroux, Bruno. "Analyse de la structure secondaire d'une protéine membranaire mitochondriale la protéine découplante du tissu adipeux brun." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA11T018.
Full textCondemine, Wilfried. "Protéine PML endogène : analyse biochimique et étude en biologie celulaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077092.
Full textAn important number of various properties were suggested for PML. We decided to determinate directly the relative abundance of the endogenous different PML isoforms. Major PML isoforms co-migrate with PML-I/-II, whereas PML-III/-IV/-V are systematically minor. So, the physiological aspect of the previous studies that were exclusively with PML-IV surexpression is to be reconsidered. If the relation described between PML-III and the centrosome could not be confirmed, the specific C-termini of evolutionarily conserved isoforms, PML-I/-IV/-V, share a property of nucleolar targeting, suggesting a PML-nucleolus relation. A new nuclear structure defined by PML, and called NANB (Nucleolus-Associated Nuclear Bodies), is present in human primary fibroblasts. In these structures, PML is simultaneouslv connected to the nucleolus, senescence and proteic degradation
Moreau, Karen. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine intégrase des rétrovirus." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10132.
Full textGaultier, Alban. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la région adhésive de la protéine ADAM13." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066153.
Full textBedez, Florence. "Analyse du core-TFIIH par des approches expérimentales, bioinformatiques et de génomiques comparatives." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6181.
Full textTFIIH is a factor involved in transcription, cell cycle and DNA repair. It consists of ten subunits organized in two sub-complexes, the core and the CAK. During transcription elongation, the RNA POLII carboxy-terminal domain phosphorylation by TFIIH plays a role in transcription of protein coding and snRNA genes. First, our study consisted to identify the transient interacting proteins of the core using TAP tag strategy and to dissect the protein interacting domains within the core. The purification of the endogenous core required the technological development of TAP tag. Our first results suggest that adaptations will be necessary to purify the core with transient partners. The interaction studies showed the role of C-terminus domain of p34 in the core stability. Secondly, we used a comparative genomics approach consisting to establish the phylogenetic distribution of the core-TFIIH subunits in eukaryotes and to construct a multiple alignment of complete sequences (MACS) for each subunit. Our results revealed the core conservation in eucaryotes except in few protists. The MACS analysis exhibits the lost of p62 PH domain in E. Histolytica and the sequence divergences within p34 family in Euglenozoae. To get insights into p62 and p34 function, we used the phylogenetic profile methods. First, our results revealed that the gene sets sharing Tfb1 distribution is enriched in genes involved in histones modifications such Bre1and Set 1 and suggest a link between p62 and transcription activation. Secondly,they showed that the genes set sharing Tfb4 profile exhibits enrichment in genes of splicing and capping, suggesting a link between the core and the pre-mRNA processing
Boucrot, Emmanuel. "Analyse moléculaire de SifA, une protéine de virulence de Salmonella typhimurium." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22067.
Full textCelli, Lionel. "Identification et analyse des partenaires cytoplasmiques de la protéine ICAM-1." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10036.
Full textThe inflammation process is one of the most important defense in multicellular organism. It is defined as a succesion of cellular and molecular phenomena triggered by the introduction of pathogens. During leukocyte diapedesis, a critical inflammation step, ICAM-1 participates, in adherence and extravasation of circulating leukocytes. In this study, we first demonstrate that ICAM-1 is involved in cell migration, another inflammation step that permits leukocyte to migrate through the extracellular matrix in direction of inflammatory site. In addition, using two hybrid screening we have identified aplha-actinin 4 as a new cytoplasmic partner of ICAM-1. Using ICAM-1 cytoplasmic mutants that inhibit ICAM-1/non-muscular alpha-actinins interaction, we demonstrate that ICAM-1 interactions with both non muscle alpha-actinins (isoform 1 and 4) are involved during extravasation and migration
Sobecki, Michal. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la protéine Ki-67 dans le cycle cellulaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20126.
Full textKi-67 links constitutive heterochromatin maintenance to cell proliferation.Ubiquitous nuclear expression of Ki-67 in proliferating mammalian cells has led to its use as a benchmark diagnostic marker for cell proliferation, especially in cancer histopathology. Its importance is reflected by over 330 million hits when searching using the keyword “Ki-67” on Google, and over 18,000 papers on PubMed. In spite of its use as a surrogate marker for cell proliferation, the mechanisms of regulation of Ki-67 expression and its physiological functions in cell proliferation remain obscure. Early functional studies found that inhibition of Ki-67 expression by injection of antisense oligonucleotides or inactivating antibodies into cultured cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation. This is in agreement with later results obtained by peptide-nucleic acid, antisense oligonucleotide, siRNA or shRNA experiments in various cancer cell lines. Photodynamic inactivation of Ki-67 abrogates ribosomal RNA transcription, consistent with its predominantly nucleolar localisation and apparent requirement for cell proliferation. However, a recent study in HeLa cells found only minor effects on the cell cycle distribution upon Ki-67 knockdown. Nevertheless, Ki-67 is required for localising several nucleolar proteins to the mitotic chromosome periphery, potentially providing a mechanism for nucleolar assembly, as previously suggested by segregating nucleolar components upon cell division and chromosome segregation. Therefore, although the consensus is that Ki-67 promotes cell proliferation, this has not been clearly demonstrated, and no studies have ascertained requirements for Ki-67 in vivo.In this work, we address these questions in non-transformed human cells and cancer cells in culture and in vivo in mice. We have shown that Ki-67 is dispensable for cell proliferation but is required to maintain constitutive heterochromatin. We found that Ki-67 expression is cell cycle-dependent due to dynamic control by CDK4/6 and Cdh1. However, silencing of Ki-67 by RNAi or a TALEN-mediated Ki-67 gene ablation had no effect on ribosomal RNA synthesis, cell cycling, mouse development or fertility, but prevented tumour progression and led to remodelling of the gene expression landscape in cycling cells. Interaction proteomics and functional assays revealed that Ki-67 defines the boundary between perinucleolar heterochromatin and the nucleolar granular components, and prevents dispersal of constitutive heterochromatin during cell cycling. Conversely, Ki-67 downregulation in non-proliferating cells is associated with constitutive heterochromatin dispersal. The results suggest that Ki-67 mediates organisation of heterochromatin, and allows efficient tumour progression
Bert, Karine. "Etude de l'activité endonucléasique du protéasome 20S : effet de l'interaction de la protéine HIV-Tat avec le protéasome 20S sur la dégradation des éléments ARNm AU-rich et HIV-TAR et analyse comparative de ces deux substrats." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21362.
Full textPépin, Geneviève. "Étude de la régulation de la ribonucléase III humaine Dicer : analyse de ses partenaires d'interactions protéiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25786.
Full textZanese, Marion. "Etude de l'activité anti-apoptotique de XIAP par analyse fonctionnelle in cellulo." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21544.
Full textThe anti-apoptotic activity of XIAP protein is well-established but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To identify these mechanisms we studied the effects of several mutations targeting specific features of the protein on its ability to inhibit apoptosis in response to various inducers. Apoptosis was quantified with a novel functional assay based on the measure of caspases 3 and 7 proteolytic activity in XIAP overexpressing cells. Our results show that : (1) the extend of XIAP-mediated inhibition of caspases varies depending on the inducer used to trigger apoptosis ; (2) when XIAP is overexpressed, post-translational modifications of the protein have a limited impact on its activity ; (3) NF-kB activation does not contribute to XIAP anti-apooptotic function and the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the RING domain is in most cases dispensable ; in contrast, (4) dimerization of the protein mediated by its BIR1 and RING domains contributes to its function, and the simultaneous loss of interaction with caspases 3, 7 and 9 diminishes but do not suppress the inhibition of caspases 3 and 7 activity. In addition we show that intrinsic apoptotic pathways can be differentiated depending on the existence of a non-canonical Smac amplification loop of a direct caspase 7 activation arm. Besides this work we also present the first results obtained in the course of the development of a new fluorescent method to study protein-protein interaction in living cells and its application to Bcl-2 family proteins
Meimoun, Patrice. "Analyses des phosphoprotéines et du phosphoprotéome : application à l’étude de la phosphoénolpyruvate carboxylase kinase et à la carence en azote chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112330.
Full textThis study concerns the phosphoproteome and phosphoproteins in Arabidopsis thaliana with the aim to clarify the physiological role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PEPCk) in planta and the identification of signalling components during nitrogen starvation. It required the development of plant-adapted analytical techniques. Our results validated the use of a commercial support (Qiagen) by showing: 1) the separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of PEPC from leaf extracts in both denaturing and non-denaturing conditions; 2) the purification of phosphoproteins from leaf extracts in denaturing conditions with good yields (around 8 per cent of the protein load) and low levels of contamination. NanoLC-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of 250 putative phosphoproteins. Combining these methods with 2D-gel electrophoresis allowed the further characterization of PEPCk insertion mutants. The results established that the gene At1g08650 encodes an authentic PEPCk and suggests that this kinase is dedicated to the PEPC. Furthermore, a comparative proteome/transcriptome study (in collaboration with the Unité de Nutrition Azotée des Plantes (NAP), INRA Versailles) did not reveal any signalling components linked to nitrate in leaves and roots during the time course of nitrogen starvation. On the other hand, a preliminary phosphoproteome analysis, that widens the spectrum of visualized proteins, detected significant variations in phosphoproteins (the identification of which is in progress). The results underline the potential of the Qiagen affinity chromatography column for both targeted and generic studies
Lafont, Virginie. "Analyse de la reconnaissance antigène-anticorps par modélisation moléculaire et mesures biophysiques en vue du développement de méthodes d'ingénierie rationnelle des protéines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13042.
Full textSouiai, Oussema. "Analyses et prédictions bioinformatiques de réseaux d'interactions protéine-protéines contextualisés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22039.
Full textThis work aims at contextualizing and studying contextualized protein interaction networks. The first topic of my investigations is about predicting and analyzing tissular interactomes. Combined functional and topological analyses were performed. The combination of these features highlighted the existence of a functional core centrally located dedicated to housekeeping functions, central tissue-specific interactions involved in regulatory and developmental functions and peripheral tissue-specific interactions involved in organ physiological functions. This gradient of functions recapitulates the organization of organs, from cells to organs. The second topic of my thesis is the contextualization of macrophage interaction network. To infer the most likely macrophage interactome, we integrated the PPI dataset with other type of meta-data, statistically evaluated them and proposed a macrophage-contextualized interactome. The set of selected interactions is enriched in : experimentally verified interactions and immune related Biological Processes. The functional analysis of such networks brings valuable information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms sustaining the infection
Aubin, Sandrine. "Analogues Hydrazinopeptoi͏̈diques : Synthèse et analyse sur le déroulement du cycle cellulaire." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10058.
Full textVincenot, Anne. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la protéine C à l'aide de quatre nouveaux anticorps monoclonaux." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P123.
Full textAl-Hashimi, Nawfal. "L'énaméline, la plus grande protéine de l'émail dentaire : analyse évolutive chez les Amniotes." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066141.
Full textChekroud, Karim. "Analyse du phénotype visuel d'un modèle de souris déficiente pour la protéine FATP1." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T015.
Full textIn vertebrates, perception of light is made possible through the conversion of photon energy into an electrochemical signal in photoreceptors. The photo-isomerization of the chromophore 11-cis-RAL into all-trans-RAL triggers a cascade of signal transduction and leads to loss of light sensitivity of photoreceptors, thus, a recycling process of chromophore called the rétinal visual cycle is involved to restore this sensitivity. The visual cycle takes place in the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium and involves several proteins. The limiting step of this cycle is catalyzed by RPE-specific protein RPE65. Better understanding the regulation of this step might open up new ways for treatment of various pathologies related to the visual cycle activity. Our laboratory has shown that FATP1, a protein involved in lipid metabolism, inhibits the activity of RPE65 in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the lack of FATP1 on the activity of the visual cycle and visual function in a mouse model. FATP1 ko mice are characterized by lower a and b amplitudes of the elctroretinogram, delayed ERG and retinylesters accumulation recovery after bleache. 11-cis-RAL synthesis rates are similar to those of wt mice. FATP1 ko mice show a greater susceptibility to the aging effects: structural abnormalities were observed in the photoreceptors, Bruch's membrane and choroid without excessive accumulation of lipid or lipofuscin or retinal degeneration. The disturbance of visual function which accopagne the lack of FATP1 in mice could have a more increased effect in human who live longer and wich the retina receives more light. In conclusion, FATP1 might be an important component for the aging of the retina in humans
Abbadi, Mehdi. "Synthèse de marqueurs de la protéine de transport du D-glucose." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10001.
Full textSylvestre, Patricia. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de l'exosporium de Bacillus anthracis." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077185.
Full textDebaigt, Colin. "Analyse de la pharmacologie et du couplage des récepteurs des peptides de la famille du VIP." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2358.
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