Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse économique'
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Mazureau-Pajot, Laurence. "Analyse économique de l'isolement." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4006.
Full textThe isolation of people comprises both deeply demographic and long term changes, the economic and social significance of which has only been perceived for one decade. This phenomenon is not a specific French problem because most of the developed countries are experiencing the same developments, albeit with différences according to age groups. The objective of this work is threefold. First of all, we airn to redefine the contexts surrounding the situations involving isolation by taking into account the dynamics of contemporary social changes. Secondly, we will endeavor to présent the éléments of microeconomic theory likely to describe this phenomenon. Finally, we will attempt to provide an empirical explanation and to interpret the population growth of isolated people
Leloup, Gilles. "Crime et analyse économique." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE0009.
Full textIllegal activities can be more profitable than legal activities and a part of the population could come to that king of activity. Choice formalisation, within an "economic model of crime", can allow the field to come out for the rational individual and get important lessons for criminal policy. But it is probably due to its capacity of foresight that the model gets better than a theory, that is sometimes produced as a rival one : the stability of punishment
Catherine, Alain Jean-Daniel. "Analyse économique de la solidarité." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10071.
Full textTardieu, Luc. "Analyse économique du savoir entrepreneurial." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32001.
Full textThis study explores the relationship between knowledge and the entrepreneurial function. The entrepreneurial function implies that individuals possess knowledge. Knowledge of feasibility and knowledge of relevance determine the boundaries of a domain on which alertness applies. This required knowledge is necessary to the entrepreneurial function. Nonetheless, this knowledge is not enough. There are two conditions to this emergence. First, the entrepreneurial function rests on the process of structuring knowledge under the form of a plan. The transition from required knowledge to conquered knowledge cannot be done unless there is a favourable economic environment. Secondly, the specialization process leads to the dispersion of knowledge. The entrepreneurial use of this specialized knowledge then implies a coordination of the individuals who possess it. This coordinated knowledge permits the emergence of firm-specific forms of the entrepreneurial functions that shape the organization
Louizi, Khalid. "Analyse économique de l'entrepreneuriat social." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0033.
Full textMaitre, Grégory. "Analyse économique et responsabilité civile." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010316.
Full textOytana, Yves. "Analyse économique de l'expertise judiciaire." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA0003/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the mechanisms by which an expert, who is appointed by the judge or by aparty to search evidence, may contribute to increase the quality of the judicial decision-making. We use two criteriato study how the use of experts may benefit to the judicial decision-making : the cost of expertise and the cost oferrors due to incorrect decisions by the judge. Our work is divided into four chapters.Firstly, we study the judicial expert’s incentives and we highlight the existence of moral hazard and adverse selectionproblems in the relationship between the judge and the expert. Secondly, we offer a comparative view of two differentcategories of procedure in which experts may be appointed : the inquisitorial procedure and the adversarial procedure.Thirdly, we study more specifically the relationship between the judge and the expert, when the judge exerts a controleffort and the expert exerts a research effort. Finally, we highlight the consequences of potential conflicts of interestsfrom the expert, or the consequences of a bias in the methodology used to conduct the expertise. Such conflicts ofinterests or bias may create some errors in the decision-making. In this context, we investigate how the presence ofan appeal mechanism may reduce the adverse effects of a potential bias in the results of the expertise
Monheim, Jenny. "Analyse économique du droit d'asile." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20007/document.
Full textNous étudions le processus de création de droit d'asile et son impact sur les réfugiés. Le chapitre préliminaire présente l'histoire des flux de réfugiés et du droit d'asile, la recherche sur les raisons de migration ainsi que les enjeux du sujet. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objet l'influence du droit d'asile sur les flux d'immigration de réfugiés. Nous analysons l'impact des restrictions des différents types de mesure du droit d'asile sur les décisions des réfugiés en terme d'émigration et de demande d'asile. A travers les passeurs, un impact indirect influence la taille des flux et le nombre de demandes. Le troisième chapitre décrit le choix du niveau de droit d'asile des différents niveaux de gouvernement en fonction de l'impact du droit sur les flux de réfugiés. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur la question de savoir le meilleur choix institutionnel de production du droit d'asile en Union Européenne. Tenant compte des objectifs en terme d'immigration clandestine, il compare les niveaux de droit d'asile qui seraient adoptés par les gouvernements nationaux, par le Conseil de l'Union Européenne, par le Parlement Européen, et en co-décision entre ces deux dernières institutions. Le cinquième chapitre a pour objet la structure des subventions accordées aux Etats membres par le Fonds Européen pour les Réfugiés (FER). En effet, le FER accorde une partie limitée en subventions fixes et une partie plus importante en financement complémentaire à des projets. Nous étudions l'impact des différentes subventions et de leur combinaison sur les dépenses en aide aux réfugiés en présence de coûts de transaction
Bouhours, Philippe. "Science économique et mythe : une analyse mythodologique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010076.
Full textNeoclassical economic theory is the language by which the world can be understood, and that mythodology allows to show as mythical. The original heart of myth is "spontaneous order of the invisible hand", boadcasted by a sacerdotal body composed of more or less liberal economists. Philosophy of enlightenment is the origin of mythical renovation, dissimulated in the language of science, and which came into sight through three phases : reason talks through science ; philosophy opposes economic science, which get the better of the former by imitating physics (walras). The vivid representation began with the mechanical clock, and now leads to pipes of the circuit throuh which the internal blood flow is animated by the new robinson crusoes. Individualism placed in the heart of modernity is dominated by holism of the machine. The "spontaneous order of the invisible hand" is the enchanted secret side of disappointed modernity which allows the logos to return to the original muthos. He meets the new need to believe, by initiating a immanent sacred object. He poetically telescopes the reversibility of newtonian mathematics of general equilibrium, and the irreversibility of time registered in the darwinian selection ; he eliminate "oddness" of manipulations of scientific thinking by mythical thinking : unfalsifiable paradigm, values hidden behind neutrality, symbolical power of determined mathematical language. Finance is an instrument by which real phenomenons have to obey the myth. It is the monstruous duplicate of a world managed by the way of sacrifice with the complicity of victims. The "spontaneous order of the invisible hand" is a generic structure which can be reproduced without limits, and the power of which is exhausted when expanding. It highlights his oppressive nature to those to whom it is supposed to be useful, and who have democratically lost the means to prescribe human law to him
Hosseinpour, Kashani Saeid. "Analyse économique des coopérations industrielles : une analyse économique de la sous-traitance dans l'industrie automobile." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G021.
Full textPariente, Jean-Marc. "Actualité économique hospitalière : analyse économique du fonctionnement des services hospitaliers." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11100.
Full textRouillon, Sébastien. "Analyse économique de l'effet de serre." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010085.
Full textThis work has two aims. First, as announced in the title, it surveys the main reflections about the climate change in the economic literature. Secondly, it proposes two personal contributions. The first one considers the issue of a catastrophic environmental collapse and the way the social planner should deal with it. So, it develops a decision-rule that is applied when the social planner faces the choice to cross or not a critical threshold of pollution (and so generating the catastrophe). The latter compares the economic cost of the emission constraint, designed to avoid the catastrophe, to the damage of the catastrophic event. When this damage is first known with uncertainty, but grows wellknown thanks to scientific progress, the method used proves the existence of a positive quasioption value in the context of a climate change policy. The second personal contribution to the literature expands the coalition theory to the case of many different players and applies it to the description of the international negotiations about the climate change. When studying free access coalitions without transfers, it demonstrates that countries forming stable agreements show high marginal benefits of pollution abatement and rapidly growing marginal costs of pollution abatement. Turning to agreements allowing transfers, the results are modified. Then, the coalitions bring together one country with the characteristics just described, and two others, less concerned with a clean environment (they suffer less from pollution), but having a flat marginal cost of pollution abatement. This coalition remains stable thanks to the compensations offered by the first country to the others, which, that way, implicitly subsidises their action
Hwang, Flater Dag. "Analyse économique et démographique de la production communale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0001.
Full textThe theoretical and historical foundations of local public government indicate that the municipalities have important economic functions. The modern municipality (the case of Norway) seems to have a rather limited autonomy in relation to the Sstate, but the municipal autonomy is rather significant in relation to the individuals. The local public goods are normally similar to private goods, but, paradoxically, economies of scale in the consumption are not necessarily insignificant. Incorporating simultaneously scale effects in the production and scale effects in the consumption, one note that economies of scale in the production will never compensate totally diseconomies of scale in the consumption. Also, the population size which minimizes the taxation rate, if it exists, is superior to the population size that minimizes the average cost
Abdeljaoued, Imed. "Analyse économique du rôle des facteurs politiques dans la croissance économique." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010063.
Full textIn this work we try to discuss an then exceed the traditional theories of growth by establishing the strong interdependence between political and economic factors. This work deals with the role of institutions. Government size, political parties, interest groups and bureaucrats are analysed with simple hypothesis like the maximisation of vote and utility. By using empirical studies, we show in this work the negative effect of this political factors on economic growth
Lecat, Gabriel. "Analyse économique de la planification urbaine." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086797.
Full textAchour, tani Yamna. "Analyse de la politique économique algérienne." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984242.
Full textIcard, Julien. "Analyse économique et droit du travail." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010317.
Full textGuandalini, Bruno. "Analyse économique de la fonction d'arbitre." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0015.
Full textEfficiency in arbitration is an important issue and strictly depends on the efficiency ofthe arbitrator’s function. With the increase in the number of arbitration cases for several reasonsin the last decades, the function is in great demand so nowadays a market is consolidated. Butsupply and demand in the market for arbitrators is very particular. Equilibrium cannot beverified once price-elasticity is very limited. In addition, several market faillures are present,which certainly renders this market inefficient. Information asymmetry is probably the mostimportant one. Arbitrators consent to the arbitrator’s contract and exercise the function becausepositive incentives are higher than negative. The arbitrators’ utility function presupposes thatarbitrators are rational economic actors and, as such, some might adopt strategic behaviorsregarding other stakeholders in the arbitration, in order to increase their utility and welfare. Butas every human-being, arbitrators’ decisions are not always rational. Behavioral economics mayexplain and predict arbitrators’ limitations of rationality, which might certainly affect arbitrator’s decisions and the efficiency of the function. It raises also discussions on the prevention andcorrection of arbitrator’s limitations of rationality
Mougel, Catherine. "Analyse économique de l'activité d'agent immobilier." Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des Sciences du langage, de l'homme et de la société, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0001.
Full textAchour, Tani Yamna. "Analyse de la politique économique algérienne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010017/document.
Full textThe economic growth is a major indicator which estimates a country's capacity to improve its population well-being level. The economic literature associates economic growth with an increase of either a total or per capita supported production on the long time. The growth rhythm corresponds to the production rate and the income growth rate on the long term. The economists of the industrial revolution has identified in the capital accumulation, the dynamic of that movement. Investment is a particular element of the demand, since it allows to increase the capital stock, and thus to increase the production capacities. Growth realization is an essential aim of the economic policy. ln Ramsey's model the growth bases essentially on the physical capital accumulation. So it is fundamental to study the factors which favor this accumulation in the long term or slow it down on the contrary. Among these factors are the determiners of savings
Le, Bihan-Charpentier Véronique. "Analyse économique du risque en conchyliculture." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4024.
Full textShellfish farming takes place within complex, vulnerable and highly anthropized ecosystems. Regulating access to resources is made difficult by their very nature of common property. Dynamic interactions between shellfish farming ecosystems and socio-systems raise the issue of mankind's relationship to nature at the land-sea interface. Far from being a mere extraction of resources from a natural environment, shellfish farming also transforms the marine habitat and sometimes contributes to its enrichment while facing the environmental and anthropogenic risks which are also part of its identity. We develop the idea that the multiple risks faced by shellfish farmers and the lack of appropriate coverage mechanisms account for the ongoing absence of solutions to stock externality issues, namely the collective overproduction with respect to the carrying capacity of a marine area. The economic approach to risk in shellfish farming shows a great diversity of hazards for farmers. The ambiguities affecting the probabilities of events and the uncertainty surrounding their consequences strengthen the difficulty of providing an accurate definition and assessment for some of the risks. The implementation of risk management measures depends on how farmers perceive risks and which mechanisms are available to reduce them. We show that many risk management tools relate to prevention, risk transfer as well as national or international solidarity mechanisms. Against exceptional outbreaks and looking for protection, farmers' choices are nevertheless reaching some limits which they have to accommodate while not necessarily wishing to set them off. Finally we propose a model that may not only allow to understand more accurately the consequences of a disaster but may also guide the investment decision and the implementation of risk mitigation measures
Bell-Aldeghi, Rosalind. "Analyse économique des systèmes mixtes d'assurance maladie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCB002.
Full textIn France, in 2014, health expenditures represented EUR 190 billion. This figure grows year after year; 76.6% is financed by a compulsory social insurance (Assurance Maladie), with contributions proportional to income; 13.5% is financed by private complementary insurances and 8.5% is financed directly by households in the form of out-of-pockets. The relationship between Social Health Insurance (SHI) and Private Health Insurance (PHI) is what characterises a mixed system.Within mixed systems, insurances can complement each other but also interact in inefficient ways. In a first part, I study a system where SHI can be complemented by a complementary or supplementary private insurance. Whereas there was a confusion in the theoretical literature between complementary and supplementary insurances, we find that these insurances can have opposing effects. This model underlines the importance of the nature of the health good (in terms of elasticity) insured by SHI on the optimal rate of social insurance. The higher the rate of low income individual purchasing the socially insured good, the higher the redistributive effect of insurance will be. Marginal utility of poor individuals being higher than high income individuals, I find that using an unweighted additive welfare function, the optimal social insurance rate of insurance is positively related to the redistributive characteristic of insurance.In this first part we underline that the selection of goods that should be insured privately depends on the definition of social insurance. The second part studies what criteria should be used to select the goods to socially insure. At the heart of the selection of goods to socially insure is the possibility of comparing individual preferences debated extensively within welfare economics and formalised by Arrow’s incompatibility theorem. The equivalent income principal developed by Fleurbaey et al. (2013) offers to overcome this limitation. This ordinal criteria, defined as the income in perfect health which yields the same satisfaction as the income in a sick state (i.e. the income in good health minus the willingness to pay to be in good health), allows making interpersonal comparisons. By adapting a theoretical model studying the optimal selection of goods to insure socially (Hoel, 2007) and by using the equivalent income criteria, we find that the introduction of private health insurance decreases the marginal benefit of social insurance. This modifies the ranking function and decreases the optimal social budget, leaving uninsured individuals facing the impossibility to use certain efficient treatments.Whereas the second part revealed what treatment social insurance should first renounce reimbursing in a within a limited budget, the last chapter studies a market characterised by minimal social participation. The market of eyewear (glasses) is characterised by strong asymmetric information and product differentiation. Beyond financing health expenditures, we ask whether, similarly to social insurance, PHI are able to reduce the effects of market failures and manage health expenditures. Following the literature on managed-care and competition for the right to serve a demand, the effect of networks of preferred provides on prices is analysed. Using an exclusive dataset of all purchases in eyewear made by MGEN (Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale) enrollees between 2012 and 2014, we test empirically the effect of the network on the number of purchases and the prices of lenses. The effect of competition for the network and in the market on prices of unifocal and bifocal lenses, within 450 areas of France, is estimated. We find that competition for the network reduces significantly prices of purchases made inside the network and competition in the market reduces prices outside the network
Halisso, Zakwan. "Analyse thermo-économique des systèmes de cogénération." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10138.
Full textLn this thesis, we are interested in the case of the systems of cogeneration. More precisely, we wanted to make a thermo-economic study concerning these systems and in particular, which thermal and financial benefit can be carried out by replacing an existing conventional system in a system of cogeneration. New important variables concerning the criteria of performance of systems of cogeneration were defines. A comparative study of the thermodynamic performances of various types of power stations of cogeneration is realized. An economic evaluation of the power stations of cogeneration by comparison with the conventional system make possible to understand the financial aspect. Finally, calculations are applied to an example of residence hall, and shows that the use of a system of cogeneration is a profitable solution at the end of some years
Géraud, Marie-France. "L'opération de recrutement : analyse de droit économique." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0038.
Full textCollange, Gérald. "Analyse économique des déterminants de l'aide multilatérale." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10025.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of donor countries and international organizations in the multilateral aid allocution process. In the first part, we examine the role and the importance of multilateral aid agencies. In the second part, we attempt to identify the macro-economic indicators’ influence on donor’s multilateral and allocution. For this purpose, we use multiple regression techniques consisting in a pooling of cross-section and time-series observations on a sample of 8 major DAC members and on 15-year period (1968 to 1982). In the third part, we attempt to identify the factors which underline the amount of aid each country received from multilateral agencies. Cross-country regressions analysis is applied to different samples of developing countries for two periods: 1971-1973 and 1979-1981. The explanatory variables are, as usual in this king of analysis, the population and per capita income, and some other specific factors of multilateral and allocution
Devin, Philippe. ""Les Banques Populaires" : analyse économique et financière." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0505.
Full textThis research concerns one of the most important French group of banks, by studying specially three aspects : the organization and the statutes of the group, its activities and their evolution, its financial position. The first part deals with the specificity of these banks through their history, their cooperative statutes, their organization and the federal structure of their group. The second part studies their main banking operations from the balance sheets, that is the deposits, the bonds, the loans and the treasury operations. Their evolution depends strongly on the monetary policy and its regulation contents. The third part develops a profitability analysis of the "banques populaires" through a systematic comparison with other local banks of the same size but from capitalist type. About that several functions have been tested econometrically for the two types of banks : the production function, the operating costs, the return on loans, the cost of deposits and the financial margin rate on earning assets. Existence of economies of scale is taken into consideration and makes part of a global model of bank profitability
Bhukuth, Augendra. "L' analyse économique du travail des enfants." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS021S.
Full textSince more than one decade, economists are interested in the problematic of child labour because the phenomenon is multidimensional. The debate is more often on the relationship between poverty and child labour and the trade-off education and child labour. Therefore, there exists a little literature on the issue of children’s exploitation whereas the main objective of the International Labour Office (ILO) is to fight against the worst forms of child labour. We fulfil this lacuna by proposing a study of children’s exploitation in term of social capital. We distinguish two forms of exploitation: light form of exploitation and severe form of exploitation. These different forms of exploitation depend on parents’ social capital and on their income. The light form of exploitation is localised inside the household enterprises whereas severe form of exploitation takes form in the market
Tarbalouti, Essaid. "Analyse économique du droit de la faillite." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020023.
Full textThis work is devoted to an economic analysis of the law of bankruptcy. It aims to answer the following question : do the rules on bankruptcy allow an efficient reduction of conflicts between creditors and debtors ? the first part of this work is devoted to the historical reasons of the decline in the law of contract and sets out the arguments for and against this decline. The second part presents the nature of the enterprise and the role of the law of bankruptcy. This part also describes those factors that increase gains and costs and the role of the law of bankruptcy in the internalizing of these costs. The third part presents a model of a single creditor and debtor in order to show the impact of the rules of the law of bankruptcy (prohibition of bankruptcy, discharge) on conflict resolution and increased efficiency. Apparently, none of these rules of law solves the problem of bankruptcy efficiently or justly. To demonstrate this point, we have based ourselves on the contractual freedom between the creditor and debtor parties, as advanced by the coase theorem. The fourth part is devoted to the development of several creditors model. It addresses the problem of a tug-of-war between the different creditors. Centered on the cost of conflict, it examines the efficiency of the law governing compulsory collective procedure with a view to achieving maximum efficiency. The role of warranties and of insurance of this cost reduction is also addressed
Lalanne, Bertin. "Analyse économique de l'efficacité des sanctions antitrust." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10060.
Full textSoulimani, Rachid. "Analyse économique du secteur laitier au Maroc." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10021.
Full textCouralet, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Une analyse économique du travail des enfants." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0141.
Full textThis thesis deals with an analysis of causes and consequences of child labour. In a first part, the main microeconomic determinants of child labour supply – the weakness of returns to education, the weakness of parental resources linked with no access to credit market, the weakness of parental altruism – are introduced in a dynastic model. In the second part, some national Latin American household surveys (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela) are used to confront the theory with the facts. Finally, the analysis of child labour is led on a macroeconomic level and some public policy implications are deducted. It is shown that a public intervention may lead the economy on a more equal and better for poor children growth path
Pandjo, Boumba Luc. "Analyse économique de l'élite dans le développement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020135.
Full textThis thesis aims at integrating in an explicit way, the power and its incarnation, the elites in the dynamic of development. This dynamic is understood as the articulation of power, accumulation and control of work. According to this point of view, underdevelopment is perceived in terms of hegemonical incompetence. Thus, the starting point is a question is a question on how the elite, generic category, is taken account in the theories of development. The discourse aims to systematize the differenciation of the elite, as the "perequisit" of development. The "functionalist" angle of talcott parsons recontrusts the evolution of social systems as a movement implying a differenciation of the social sub-systems. Therefore, development, modernity, occur, in the same time they favoured by the emancipation, the automization of economical sub-system, in complete accordance with karl polanyi. At this point, the analysis will consist in observing, to which extend and how is the specific economical elite, established in sub-saharian africa. This will lead us to caracterize the utilitarian function of the man of power, the homo eliticus in the transitional spheres. This function can be outlined by its lexicographical nature, the unlimited growth of utilities, the sub-optimal increase of those regarding production are as many features faring with the demand of development
Colin, Florence. "Analyse économique théorique de la délinquance politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0020.
Full textThe thesis studies the logic of individuals behaviors concerning illegal political activity through an economic model composed of a supply function of political criminality, a demand function of security and a production function of repression. The purpose is to determine the gains and costs that affect the individual calculus of potential participants, and in which conditions they are going to increase or to decrease their time of participation (the supply quantity). Tha gains and costs of illegal political activity are : purs publics gains, private political gains, materials and psychological private gains, apprehension, condamnation, physical dammanges costs, opportunity costs due to foregone wage in the economic legal life. The "factor "preference for publics goods" amplificates the public and political private gains. We also take into account the choice of potential victims, State and private citizens. The demande for security of private citizens is integrated into that of the State, because they cannot resort to reppression to protect themselves. The State is the productor of repression to dissuade potentials participants to engage in political violence in order to express their discontent, and make them substitute legal political action to illegal one which become more costly
Beishenaly, Nazik. "Analyse du rôle économique du crédit coopératif." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21008.
Full textThe purpose of the present thesis is twofold. The first is to identify the new legitimacy of the credit cooperative institutions within the modem economy. The second is to work out an analytical framework for the study of credit cooperatives. Credit cooperatives today have become major banking institutions in many countries. However, since the beginning of 1980s they have undergone tremendous changes in their internal organization and external environment due to the recent transformations of the world financial system. Under the pressure of these changes and growing critics about their organizational and economic inefficiency, credit cooperatives face new complex alternatives : either to maintain their cooperative structure thus limiting the scope of their activities and taking the risk of gradual extinction; or to integrate into the market system, thus accepting the rule of so called "financial technicians" and the possibility of their demutualization. However, according to our hypothesis, in spite of ail these changes, cooperative credit is not yet outdated and it still plays an important role in the banking sector. Consequently, we believe that the cooperative credit institutions can still be differentiated from commercial banks not only by their organizational structure but also by their banking activities properly speaking. This fundamental difference is crucial since it explains their complementary role in the banking sector along with the commercial banks and other financial institutions. Our main task consists in analyzing the economic role and significance of credit cooperatives in various countries in order to identify their main common features and to justify their existence and utility. We also present a new analytical model specifically elaborated for the study of organizations which have a cooperative structure and credit function
Biville, Rachel. "Analyse économique des organisations sans but lucratif." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010043.
Full textThe existence and the functioning of the nonprofit organisations in market economy represent a challenge for the orthodox economics theories since they depend on apparently irrational individual and collective behaviours. Nevertheless, the associative action gets organised in spite of the free-rider behaviours (Oslon) and with an other purpose than the profit seeking. After underline the insufficiencies of the anglo-saxon theories of the nonprofit sector (weisbrod, hansmann), the thesis answers to two linked questions : (a) how to explain the altruistic behaviours and the individual commitment to a collective action ? (b) what are the organisational specificity of the nonprofit organisations ? First the individual standard rationality hypothesis is broadened by the consideration of the theories of altruism (Becker, Hochman and Rodgers, Andreoni) and confronted to an original typology of the nonprofit organisations tested with empirical data. Then the incitement of the individuals to participate to a collective action are connected to the varied nonprofit organisation designs. A multiple correspondence analysis applied to the french nonprofit sector allowed us to verify the cleaving which exists between the closed and the open associations and point out the organisational coherence of the npos. Secondly the rationality hypothesis are loosened to study the internal coordination mechanisms. The formal and the informal structures of the organisation are analysed through its contractual relations (Williamson) and the concept of power and influence (mintzberg). The coordination principle - the mutual cooperation, seems to privilege the development of others forms of coordination according to the influence holders. Then the survival…
Bunkanwanicha, Pramuan. "Analyse économique des firmes sous influence politique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010004.
Full textCaire, Gilles. "Analyse économique des biens durables de consommation." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100026.
Full textAccording to the french national accounting system, households are supposed "to consume without delay the goods they buy, including durable goods". However this convention does not allow us to take into account correctly the temporal links between purchase flows, adding to stock already held, and satisfaction gained from the consumption of services rendered during the lifetime of the goods. And it is precisely this complexity which creates an extremely volatile dynamic of demand. If we take the opposite point of view -the purchase of consumer durables is a kind of capital investment- the purpose of this work is to suggest a unified framework of economic analysis of the demand for consumer durables, and to illustrate empirically its interest for the french case. By means of a reflection on the notion of durability, the preliminary part aims to discern the relationships between the age and the use-and-exchange values of the goods, and offer an estimate of the value and the inequalities in the division of the stock of consumer durables in french households. Following a patrimonial logic, part 1 suggests a coherent integrating way for durables within consumer intertemporal choices of optimization, by building up a periodical owning price, the user cost. According to a beckerian perspective, the second part considers durable goods as a factor of the household's procduction, with the purpose of arbitration between domestically produced services and marketable services. Finally, by the introduction of phenomena of irreversibility (indivisibility, transaction costs, borrowing constraints) the analysis broadens in part 3 to include possible discords between the flow of required services and stock effectively held back by advancing/postponing decisions of replacement demand, so many ways allowing us to renew the debate on the stability of the function of consumption
Coulange, Pierre. "Analyse économique de la production de droit." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32014.
Full textProduction of law can be explained through the utilisation of traditional tools of economic science. Supposing first that law is a created order, one must explain the activity of parliament and judges. The study of parliament's activity leads to a rather pessimistic conclusion: law is structurally overproducted. This can be explained by two ways : - the existence of a politicalmarket, which leads to the logrolling mecanism; -the blending of powers, on behalf of the governement. (chapter i) the recent developments of economic analysis of law assume the judge trying to reach economic afficiency. But one can apply to him a rationality assumption. So, his activity will depend on his personal wishes. (chapter ii) supposing that law, differently from lesgislation, is a spontaneous order, it is im- portant to elucidate its real origins. A first interpretation consists in natural law theories. Law wouldn't be created, but observed in nature and human relations. The other interpretation lies in customary law. (chapter iii) so, how can we explain the dynamics of law ? according to the game theory, law results of human interaction. One can conclude that law emerges from the lack of knowledge. The assumption of ignorance is really the keystone of the interpretation of social institutions. (chapter iv)
Majetti, Reynald. "Analyse du cycle économique. Datation et prévision." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0249.
Full textThe « Great Recession » of 2008-2009 and the sovereign and public debt crises which strengthened in the euro area in the summer of 2011 are recent events that have crystallized the challenges facing economic analysis, especially those related to dating and predicting cyclical inflections of real activity. The purpose of this thesis is to study these two complementary approaches to the economic cycle. Chapter 1 provides a portrait of the cycle using three distinct conceptions of its turning points: the classical cycle, the growth cycle and the acceleration cycle. We also discuss the measurement of the cycle with respect to various possible representations of aggregate activity of a country, as well as to two existing traditions which encompass dating models. Moreover, we highlight the growing influence of the financial environment over business cycle fluctuations.In chapter 2, we develop two non-parametric algorithms in order to identify theinflections that are particular to each of the previously conceptualized cycles, but also to measure their main characteristics. The first algorithm is based on a univariate representation of overall economic activity, the second on its ultivariate representation; ultimately, we apply the algorithms to the data of the French economy between 1970 and 2010. Chapter 3 builds on our results for cyclical dating to predict French recessions since 1974. Using probit models, we illustrate the role of monetary and financial variables as leading indicators of French business cycle fluctuations. In addition, we show that our models accurately detect recessions for a forecasting lag of two-quarters. Chapter 4 extends the entire analysis to several member states of the euro zone, with observations beginning in 1979. We first construct a chronology of their classical cycles, and then we propose an analysis of their main characteristics and their degree of synchronization.Finally, based on financial and monetary indicators in the context of a dynamic probit with fixed effects, we can anticipate the recessionary episodes which occurred in these economies with a horizon of two quarters
Langinier, Corinne. "Analyse économique des brevets dans les entreprises." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10055.
Full textThis thesis deals with the economic study of patents. The objective is to design economic tools which could be helpful for manager and public decisions. This study is an attempt to explain why an innovator decides to file a patent. Three levels of answers are proposed. An innovator can decide to file a patent in order to exploit the innovation (first level), to prevent its use from competitors or not to be prevented (second level) and also to transmit a signal (third level). The first level is a classic economic analysis in which an innovator determines the patent deposit date, the scope of the protection it needs and the patent duration. Also, firms have generally more than one patent and the synergy effects are important. A second patent is then introduced in the study. The competition is introduced in the second level in which we consider that the innovator takes a strategic decision. The patent deposit date and its renewal are decisions that can confirm and increase a market power. The third level introduces the strategic use of patents as signals. When a firm files a patent, it transmits a complex signal. Firms do not have the same information about the value of an innovation or about the market profitability. The most informed firm can decide to act strategically not revealing information, or in order revealing false information
Chaix, Pierre. "Analyse économique du rugby professionnel en France." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21025.
Full textNechad, Abdelhamid. "Analyse critique des théories et indicateurs de la pauvreté : appui à l'expérience marocaine." Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0102.
Full textThis thesis about the indicators and theories of poverty is structured into four chapters. The first thoroughly explores all the economic factors of poverty as well as the limits of the economic paradigm of international institutions. More precisely, the candidate exposes in a systematic and critical way, the "tool box" of the traditional approach to poverty : the income per capita, the poverty line, as well as the latest improvements of statistical tools such as the indicator of human development, the indicator of capacity shortage, and the indicator of human poverty. He concludes that any statistical tool bears the prints of the theorical conception inspiring it. That way he goes back to the basic postulates of the economic conception of wealth and poverty. He identifies the too reducing character which hinders economists from apprehending the poverty processes in all their complexities
Radja, Katia. "Analyse économique de la famille : application à la dot en Inde ?" Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS013S.
Full textOur dissertation deals with the issue of dowry in India. Since the independence in1947, the paractice of dowry in India has experienced a social and spatia expansion and an inflation of the payments. First, we examine the theoretical contributions of the family economics. Secondly, we precise the main traits of dowry in the Indian context. We underline also the limits of the theoretical arguments issued from the literature on dowry. Then, we bring out a dynamic model of social status and dowry to explain as an investment in social status for households in a context of economic development in a society with rigid social structures
Bonetto, Fabienne. "Etat et croissance endogène : analyse théorique et empirique du rôle des investissements publics." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0045.
Full textJaïdane, Mazigh Lamia. "Analyse économique de la production d'ordre et de désordre publics." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010024.
Full textBouallegue, Olfa. "Analyse économique des révolutions : Cas de la révolution Tunisienne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD020/document.
Full textRevolution, which embodies major turns in the course of history, has for a long time been a social study subject. With the coming of the school of public choice in the 1960's, a new economic current helped to undestand revolution. Many economists such as: James M. Buchanan (1962), Gordon Tullock (1971-1974) and John E. Romer (1985) have applied economic theory to social and political science using tools developed by microeconomy. The goal of my research paper is to highlight the contribution of economic theory in the understanding of revolution. I have first drawn a line between two approaches that have studied revolution: The sociological approach which mainly explains why do people revolt when they are faced with structural imbalances. The economic approach which uses the theory of rational choice to demonstrate how people choose to be passive when they are confronted with a revolution
Darné, Olivier. "La désaisonnalisation des chroniques économiques : Analyse des conditions conjoncturelles." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10057.
Full textSoler, Cora-Lyne. "Analyse économique de l'arbitrage entre brevet et secret." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/soler_cl.
Full textGet a patent needs to invest first in R&D, second in private protection and then to invest to keep in force patent. Those investment opportunities give one or several real options to the inventing firm: an opportunity to expand for R&D investment, an opportunity to delay investment concerning the choice of protection way and an opportunity to suspend the protection. However, the option of postponed action is characterized by two opposite strengths: on tendency to preempt competitors (instantly decision) and one to delay the date of deposit in order to develop an innovation with an high level of sophistication (postponed decision). We study a problem of choice between patenting and keeping secret an innovation. First we have to determine the efficiency of patent that is its capacity to attract the inventing firm to use it and its effectiveness that is its ability to deter entry. To show efficiency of patent, we determine optimal decisions of renewal between the will to make profitable or to defend the patents and the initial decisions. Several models of renewal will be presented. Innovative firms tends to protect their innovation as soon as possible and keep their patent in force as long as profit is targeted. In the opposite, firms will try to delay the deposit date and to reduce the patent’s lifetime if they look for fighting against the infringement of patent. To value the effectiveness of patent compared to the secrecy, we have to prove its ability to deter entry. Two models are showed: a static one and a dynamic one. In static case, we show that patent is the more effective way. On the other hand, an innovation is keeping secret if forthcoming information and sequential decisions are included in the process of decision
Leturcq, Marion. "Pacs et mariages en France : une analyse économique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00704073.
Full textDe, Meulemeester Jean Luc. "Analyse économique de la demande d'enseignement supérieur universitaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212503.
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