Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse spatiale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Analyse spatiale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Labori, Michel. "Analyse spatiale de la Bourgogne rurale." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606790j.
Full textHelle, Cécile. "L'extension du bâti en Vaucluse : analyse spatiale." Avignon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AVIG1006.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the investigation and the discovery of different aspects of urbanization in vaucluse, area already intensely occupied and affected by many contraints in terms of spatial occupation. Georgraphy of land value, because it expresses functions attributed of territory by a society on the move and becomes one of the main agents of discrimination, hierarchization, indeed alienation of regional space, seems particulary to adapt to detect essential forms of urban patterns. The first part of this study is the counting and the structuring of land information. The second part wants to establish the different "explaining logics" of spatial distribution of land value with the help of statistic, systemic and graphic modelling. The last part tries to recognize the proprieties of production of the built-up areas : what patterns hide behind the complexity of urban diffusion processus ?
Spinelli, Laurent. "Analyse spatiale de l'activité électrique cérébrale : nouveaux développements." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004851.
Full textBarankanira, Emmanuel. "Analyses spatiales de problèmes de santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne : exemples du VIH/SIDA et de la malnutrition." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT048/document.
Full textThis thesis is about the spatial analysis of public health issues in sub-Saharan Africa. In a first study, we analysed the spatial variations of HIV prevalence and the socio-behavioral determinants among people aged 15 to 49 in Burundi using 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. In a second study, we analysed the evolution of the spatial distribution of stunting prevalence among under-three children in Côte d’Ivoire using 1994, 1998-1999 and 2011-2012 DHS data. For both studies, we first predicted the prevalence levels of the public health issue under study in unsampled points by the kernel method or ordinary kriging. We then identified clusters using the Kulldorff’s method and zones of different risks using the oblique partitioning method of the study area. Finally, we used spatial modeling to identify associated risk factors. These spatial analysis techniques have not only many advantages but also many limitations that we emphasize
Nedeltcheva, Théodora. "Analyse spatiale de la composition chimique des ruisseaux vosgiens." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0189_NEDELTCHEVA.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study was to analyse the spatial variability of stream water composition at lowflow in the Vosges Mountains. We showed that the mineral element concentration can be explained by three main factors: annual rainfall, bedrock composition and the area of the catchment. The principal influence of the precipitations suggests that the stream water concentrations are acquired in the soil. Stream water concentrations in base cations are strongly related to the bedrock content in weatherable minerals, when these minerals are still available in substantial amounts in the soil horizons and saprolite. Potassium concentrations are mainly related to the K-feldspar weathering and the trapping of the K, released by K-feldspar weathering, by clays. On sandstone, Na originates mainly from the atmosphere, and Si results from dilution of the soil solutions by the rainfall. On granite, in addition to this dilution, Na concentrations are controlled by ion exchange with the other cations released in the drainage waters by the weathering
Petit, Sandrine. "Métapopulations dans les réseaux bocagers : analyse spatiale et diffusion." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN1A002.
Full textNedeltcheva, Théodora Dambrine Etienne. "Analyse spatiale de la composition chimique des ruisseaux vosgiens." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0189_NEDELTCHEVA.pdf.
Full textD'Hondt, Olivier. "Analyse spatiale de texture non stationnaire dans les images SAR." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012123.
Full textLa plupart des études considérant la texture dans les images SAR utilisent les hypothèses de stationnarité statistique et d'isotropie spatiale. Cependant, l'observation des images montre que des orientations spatiales privilégiées peuvent être présentes. De plus, la mesure à différentes positions de la fonction d'autocorrélation suggère l'emploi de modèles non stationnaires. On introduit ici un modèle paramétrique basé sur des noyaux gaussiens anisotropes pour les statistiques d'ordre deux des images d'intensité SAR. Ce modèle prend à la fois en compte le caractère non stationnaire, ainsi que la présence d'anisotropie spatiale. Ensuite, différentes méthodes d'estimation relatives à l'orientation locale dans les images SAR sont proposées, puis l'une de ces méthodes est appliquée au filtrage du speckle.
Thiam, Ousmane. "L'axe Dakar-Touba (Sénégal) : analyse spatiale d'un corridor urbain émergent." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289074.
Full textAu Sénégal, les schémas de la production urbaine ont, à l'instar de ce qui se passe dans la plupart des pays de l'Afrique côtière, constamment évolué ces deux dernières décennies. S'inscrivant de plus en plus dans une logique de développement axial, la dynamique urbaine s'apprécie désormais à l'échelle locale à deux niveaux : le niveau urbain et le niveau périurbain. La dynamique de ce dernier est mécaniquement liée à celle du premier. Cependant, la situation est spatialement très différenciée. C'est surtout dans la partie ouest-centrale du pays et dans l'axe Dakar-Touba plus particulièrement que l'on observe les nouvelles dynamiques urbaines les plus importantes. Les évolutions observées autour des agglomérations de cet axe posent beaucoup de questions. L'une d'elles concerne la capacité des évolutions en cours à influer durablement sur la dynamique du système urbain sénégalais. L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'identifier les dynamiques nouvelles qui marquent une rupture dans la configuration et le fonctionnement du système urbain traditionnel particulièrement influencé par la macrocéphalie dakaroise. Si elle se confirme, cette nouvelle configuration constituera une alternative à la suprématie urbaine de Dakar et de son agglomération.
Bounekkar, Ahmed. "Analyse statistique de texture : autocorrélation spatiale et notion de contiguïté." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10142.
Full textHondt, Olivier. "Analyse spatiale de texture non stationnaire dans les images SAR." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S007.
Full textCHAUDHURY, MAHBUB UDDIN. "Les mangroves du bangladesh et leur analyse par teledetection spatiale." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30146.
Full textLahatte, Agénor. "Analyse de systèmes de demande des ménages et dépendance spatiale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1EC05.
Full textThe thesis connects two distinct strands of the literature: models of quantity and quality proposed by Deaton (1987, 1988, 1990) and Crawford, Laisney and Preston (1996) (CLP) and spatial econometrics. I first consider spatial patterns of economic agents decisions in the general context of analysis of share systems and I show that the adding-up property of shares implies equality restrictions on spatial autoregressive parameters of the share models with spatial dependence. Then, in a Monte Carlo study, I emphasize the possibility of the implementation of the Moran's (1950) test in microeconomic context not only to test for the presence of spatial correlation across error terms, but also to identify its potential sources. For estimating the spatial versions of the CLP model, I combine the methodology of Deaton (1987, 1988, 1990) and Crawford et alii (1996) and the procedure of Kelejian and Prucha (1999). I show then that this estimation method involves an identification problem of spatialparameters and that it requires spatial matrices with special structures. An illustration of the estimation of spatial versions of the CLP model is given, with an application of the technique to Czech household survey data; the estimates do not suggest that neighbors' budget shares are an important determinant of the household expenditures in the data analysed
Pouliot, Sandra. "Analyse du caractère automatique de l'encodage égocentrique de l'information spatiale /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2216489R.html.
Full textThiam, Ousmane Grasland Loïc. "L'axe Dakar-Touba (Sénégal) analyse spatiale d'un corridor urbain émergent /." Villeurbanne : TEL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/28/90/74/PDF/These2008-06-19.pdf.
Full textPouliot, Sandra. "Analyse du caractère automatique de l'encodage égocentrique de l'information spatiale." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3098/1/000671499.pdf.
Full textZhu, Nong. "Analyse des migrations en Chine : mobilité spatiale et mobilité professionnelle." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10256.
Full textThis study investigates the process of spacious and professional mobility of agricultural labor in China since the economic reform. The macroeconomic analyses show that the special features of Chinese society make its migration situation different from that of the other countries. The mobility of agricultural labors in China is spread out across an economy of four sectors: agricultural sector, non-agricultural sector, urban formal sector and urban informal sector. The microeconomic analyses show that the mobility of agricultural labors is motivated by the maximization of their utility. This individualistic behavior leads to social welfare improvements by reducing poverty and inequality. The spontaneous mobility of agricultural labor results in an auto-adjustment process. Finally, this work demonstrates that the participation in rural non-farm activities is not only a substitute but also a complement of migration
Fusco, Johanna. "Analyse des dynamiques spatio-temporelles des systèmes de peuplement dans un contexte d'incertitude : Application à l'archéologie spatiale." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2008/document.
Full textThe uncertainty inherent to our comprehension of past settlement systems, generated by our ways of collecting or recording data but also by our spatio-temporal categorisation and reflexion on this information, greatly condition hypotheses and results. This thesis was carried out in the framework of PaleoSyr/PaleoLib project, and develops a methodological and exploratory reasoning chain whose aim is to reveal and formalise with spatial analysis several levels of knowledge and uncertainty which are inherent to archaeological databases. It proposes alternatives to try and avoid the conditioning imposed by rigid spatio-temporal categories such as periods or survey zones. It is organised in two major axes : the first one intends to clarify and synthetize several levels of information which are inherent to a big database covering Occidental Syria and Lebanon from -9600 B.C to the present, by adapting decision making and spatio-morphological methods, and through geovisualisation processes in an exploratory dimension. The second axis explores and evaluates locally the impacts of the various spatio-temporal and uncertainty levels revealed by data with geostatistics and spatial statistics on our perception of spatio-temporal change, on a test zone situated at the North-West of Syria. Several models of the “possible pasts” of settlement with the help of fuzzy logic are then proposed, depending on the various spatio-temporal and uncertainty levels taken into account
Tran, Thi Nhu Hoa. "Analyse et modélisation 3D de l’organisation spatiale des tissus dans des images biologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS457.pdf.
Full textCells within the tissue preferentially form a network that works together to carry out a specific function. Thus, the role of a tissue is affected by its cell types as well as the architecture of cellular interactions. A question is to what degree the spatial organization of these cells affects the function of the tissue. We first propose a set of methodologies to analyze the multi-cellular structure of tissues at both local and global scale. The goal is to analyze, formalize, and model the spatial organization of the tissue captured by fluorescence microscopy images. At the local scale, we investigate the spatial relationship of several structures with both direct and indirect cellular interactions. At the global scale, we apply spatial statistic approaches to investigate the degree of randomness of the cell distribution. In addition, an open source toolbox is developed which allows researchers to perform investigations of the position of different cells within a 3D multicellular structure. We apply the toolbox to study of the spatial organization of the islet of Langerhans, a special kind of tissue that plays an important role in regulating the blood glucose level. With a good segmentation accuracy, we have been able to perform our analysis of the islets of Langerhans on several different species such as mouse and monkey. We also utilize our toolbox to explore the structural-functional mechanism of the delta cell, a specific kind of cell within the islet whose role has not yet been determined, but could potentially influence the islet function, in mouse and human. Our generic toolbox is implemented with unbiased analytical capabilities in software platform ImageJ
Beaulne, Jean-Sébastien. "Analyse spatiale et multi-échelle de la distribution des bactéries dans le sol et les sédiments." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0037/document.
Full textThe bacteria have colonized all the niches of the planet. Specifically, soils are home of the largest terrestrial biodiversity, microbial fauna. This great diversity of bacteria and their relative ubiquity make it difficult to idendified variables driving the spatial distribution of bacteria living in the soil. As soil bacteria play a significant role in the main global biogeochemical cycles, it is important to better understand the variables that can influence bacterial composition of soils. In this thesis, we hypothesize that heterogeneity of the bacterial community composition appears at the same scale level as the heterogeneity of soil physicochemical properties. In order to understand the relationship of bacterial composition of soils (from core experiment to field study in large region in the northern France) and soil factors at different spatial scales, we will use an approach coupling GIS tools, soil physico-chemical analysis and 16S rRNA gene NGS. With Three set of experiment we will answer three questions: Can a uniform environmental pressure at a larger scale (cm) overcome microbial micro-scale heterogeneity? Are geographical gradients strong drivers of the microbial community structure at the scale of the gradient? Do large-scale geographical features that integrate groups of parameters model the differences in microbial community structure for an entire region?
Pennober, Gwenaelle. "Analyse spatiale de l'environnement côtier de l'archipel des Bijagos (Guinée Bissau)." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363430.
Full textL'objectif est de décrire les conditions dynamiques de l'évolution du littoral en montrant les liens d'interdépendance qui existent entre les ensembles morpho-sédimentaires de l'archipel. La démarche développée a consisté dans la mise au point de méthodes d'analyse spatiale appliquées à l'étude de la géomorphologie littorale en utilisant les opportunités offertes par les SIG et la télédétection. Elle est basée sur une segmentation multicritére de la zone intertidale décrivant l'expace littoral dans ses formes, sa dynamique et sa cinématique. Ce travail a montré que l'archipel des bijagos constitue la partie émargée d'un delta estuarien très particulier, visiblement en accrétion, dont l'existence est lié à un contexte structural et hydrodynamique régional exceptionnel.
Burri, Elena. "La céramique du Néolithique moyen : analyse spatiale et histoire des peuplements /." Lausanne : Bibl. Histor. Vaudoise, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016252442&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textEvelpidou, Niki. "Analyse spatiale, méthodologie et modélisation : géomorphologie et géoarchéologie du sud biterrois." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1039.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the geoachaeological study of Beziers area. For this purpose recording and analysis of the geophysical, geomorphological, geological and archaeological characteristics of Beziers area (south France), using new technologies, took place. During the whole procedure of this thesis, numerous technologies and methods were applied : Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ; Photo interpretation ; Global Positioning System (GPS) ; Development of algorithms for the creation of a Web G. I. S ; Creation of 3-variable models for the study of geophysical parameters, such as visibility, digital elevation model, the creation of cross-sections, etc. Using the above techniques and methods a model of a Roman cadastre was developed. Regarding the geo-archaeological part of this project, quantitative, spatial and combinational analysis took place. A geographical database was created for the geomorphological and archaeological characteristics of Beziers. Thematic maps have been created based on primary and secondary data; a map with topographic inclinations, a map with the dominant Roman cadastre, as well combinatory maps
Pennober, Gwenaëlle. "Analyse spatiale de l'environnement côtier de l'archipel des Bijagos (Guinée-Bissau)." Brest, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363430.
Full textLajoie, Gilles. "Analyse de l'environnement urbain : exploitation du carroyage pour la statistique spatiale." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL093.
Full textAfter having specified the notion of "grid square", we first point out the advantages of this method for the geographical an analysis and its adjustment for the spatial information use; in the same time we evaluate the qualitative and quantitative informations loss. Among the examples of cartography based on grid squares, the British National Grid System remains so far the only national case. Then, we present the example of Rouen from the first steps at a pace of 750m to 500m, to the actual configuration. We precise the modications made on the algorithm of data transfer from the geographical partition to the grid square thanks to the application of a inhabited areas bit map. This is realised with the ventilation of social-demographic INSEE data from the last three censuses. The extend to data base by grid square is the logical result of the experience of rouen: a collaboration beetween different organisms allows the environmental and social variables gathering in order to draw a better frame of urban environment. Finally, we approach the contribution of remote sensing to the bosom of the data base by grid square as a parallel source of data. In conclusion, we present some tools for the analysis of the data base by grid squares. We validate this new geographical information by applying usual data process (ACP. CAH), then we expose specific tools (analysis of contiguous areas, variograms). Finally, we test this geographical data base through to the modelization of intra-urban dynamics with the P. Allen's model applied to the Greater Rouen, which confirm the great advantages of this data structure
Cappi, Alberto. "Analyse statistique de la distribution spatiale des galaxies et des amas." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112104.
Full textEl-Hajj, Eid May. "Analyse contrastive de la deixis spatiale en libanais et en français." Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39067.
Full textCariou, Claude. "Analyse spectrale d'images numériques : application à la télédétection spatiale des océans." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2013.
Full textTHOMAS, ANNE-LAURE. "Analyse spatiale de la sensibilite des ecosystemes greseux vosgiens a l'acidification." Paris, ENGREF, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENGR0046.
Full textPilleboue, Adrien. "Analyse spatiale et spectrale des motifs d'échantillonnage pour l'intégration Monte Carlo." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10225/document.
Full textSampling is a key step in rendering pipeline. It allows the integration of light arriving to a point of the scene in order to calculate its color. Monte Carlo integration is generally the most used method to approximate that integral by choosing a finite number of samples. Reducing the bias and the variance of Monte Carlo integration has become one of the most important issues in realistic rendering. The solutions found are based on smartly positioning the samples points in a way that maximizes the uniformity of the distribution while avoiding the regularities. From this point of view, the 80s were a turning point in this domain, as new stochastic methods appeared. With a better comprehension of links between Monte Carlo integration and sampling, these methods allow the reduction of noise and of variance in rendered images. In parallel, the complexity of sampling methods has considerably enhanced, enabling to have fast as well as good quality methods. However, these improvements have been done by trial and error focusing on two major points : the improvement of sampling pattern uniformity, and the suppression of regularities. Even though there exists some theories allowing to bound the error of the integration, they are usually limited, and even inapplicable in computer graphics. This thesis proposes to gather the analysis tools of sampling patterns and to connect them together. These tools can characterize spatial properties such as the distribution of distances between points, as well as spectral properties via Fourier transformation. Secondly, we have used these tools in order to give a simple expression of the bias and the variance for Monte Carlo integration ; this is done by using prerequisites compatible with image rendering. Finally, we present a theoretical toolbox allowing to determine the convergence speed of a sampling method from its spectral profile. This toolbox is used specifically to give indications about the design principles necessary for new sampling algorithms
Casanova, Laure. "Les dynamiques du foncier à bâtir comme marqueurs du devenir des territoires de Provence intérieure, littorale et préalpine : éléments de prospective spatiale pour l'action territoriale." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555793.
Full textLesbegueries, Julien Gaio Mauro. "Plate-forme pour l'indexation spatiale multi-niveaux d'un corpus territorialisé." Pau : Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/25/85/34/PDF/Memoire.pdf.
Full textDevès, Guillaume. "Analyse chimique quantitative à haute résolution spatiale par microsonde et nanosonde nucléaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14084/document.
Full textThe study of the role of trace elements at cellular level requires the use of state-of-the-art analytical tools that could achieve enough sensitivity and spatial resolution. We developed a new methodology for the accurate quantification of chemical element distribution in single cells based on a combination of ion beam analysis techniques STIM, PIXE and RBS. The quantification procedure relies on the development of a STIM data analysis software (Paparamborde). Validity of this methodology and limits are discussed here. The method allows the quantification of trace elements (µg/g) with a 19.8 % uncertainty in cellular compartments with mass below 0.1 ng.The main limit of the method lies in the poor number of samples that can be analyzed, due to long irradiation times required and limited access to ion beam analysis facilities. This is the reason why we developed a database for cellular chemical composition capitalization (BDC4). BDC4 has been designed in order to use cellular chemical composition as a tracer for biological activities and is expected to provide in the future reference chemical compositions for any cellular type or compartment.Application of the STIM-PIXE-RBS methodology to the study of nuclear toxicology of cobalt compounds is presented here showing that STIM analysis is absolutely needed when organic mass loss appears during PIXE-RBS irradiation
Truchet, Stéphanie. "Analyse économique du développement territorial du tourisme : prise en compte des aménités et des interactions spatiales marchandes et non marchandes." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704585.
Full textBastos, Lage Lorène. "Analyse de la déforestation par télédétection spatiale dans l'Etat de Rondonia (Brésil)." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30040.
Full textAstruc, Laurence. "Analyse fonctionnelle et spatiale de l'industrie lithique de Khirokitia (néolithique précéramique, Chypre)." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100055.
Full textDEGUILLAUME, SYLVIE. "Analyse spatiale des niveaux archeologiques de la grotte du portel ouest (ariege)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MNHN0001.
Full textKrausz, Sophie. "Les ossements animaux du village gaulois des Levroux (Indre) : une analyse spatiale." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010626.
Full textCeltic village of Levroux is a very rich and complex site. The spatial organization is not easy to determine only with the plan of the site. Animal bones are utilised to reconstitute the nature and the origin of the wastes which have been deposit in the pits, during their second function. This determination can be connected with the activities practiced in specialised quarters of the site (manufactured bones, horns, butchery, and consumption). Mathematical methods (factor analysis, Berlin matrices) access to anatomical assemblages, deposit with identical proportions in particular areas. The assemblages of anatomical proportions can define wastes types. They access to butchery systems and define specialized quarters of activities on the site. We can recognize domestic rubbish in part of the site, workshops with butchery wastes, bone and horn, localised specially in the same area than metal workshops
Avois-Jacquet, Carol. "Variabilité spatiale multiéchelle du zooplancton dans un lagon récifal côtier." Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001767.
Full textKere, Eric Nazindigouba. "Analyse économétrique des décisions de production des propriétaires forestiers privés non industriels en France." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0052/document.
Full textTimber production is related to economic, climate and energy issues. In France,according to data from the National Institute of Geoinformation and Forestry, thebiological growth rate of the forest is greater than the timber harvest rate. Thus, theFrench government has set a target of harvesting an additional quantity of 21 millioncubic meter of timber by 2020 ("Grenelle de l'environnement, 2007"). However, theFrench forest is majority owned by private forest owners who have preferences forboth income from timber trade and from non-timber amenities. The policies toincrease timber production must include these aspects. The objective of this thesisis to understand the determinants of joint production of timber and non-timberamenities in France.Therefore, we first analyze private forest owners' timber supply, taking into accountindividual and regional determinants. Afterwards, we investigate whether thedrivers of forest owners behavior differ within and between these different levels.We show that similar timber supply behavior can be observed when regional characteristicsor those of peers are similar. Then, we highlight a mimicry behavior injoint production decisions of timber and amenities made by private forest owners.Finally, we analyze inter-temporal trade-offs made by the owners from non-timberamenities and income from the sale of wood. We explicitly take into account theprice expectations and growth. Our estimations show that the willingness to pay fornon-timber amenities is e23 for our case study. This value is the difference betweenthe value they could have earned if they tried to maximize timber revenue and therevenue of their actual logging.Mainly beacause of a lack of involvement of private owners, either through a lackof knowledge or interest in their forest, or because other aspects are privileged (nontimberamenities, e.g.), a part of forest ressource is not subject to a commercial offer.Providing ways to mobilize this ressource is one of the challenges of this work. Weshow that the mimetic effects and the contextual effects can be used to encourageforest owners to produce more timber. An effective policy could be a combinationof these two effects. We also show that an increase in the price of timber or theadoption of a tax may be an incentive for timber harvesting
Sevenet, Marie. "La forme en 3D dans l'analyse spatiale des territoires urbanisés et de la durabilité urbaine." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2048/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21 century the urban planning documents are focused on the “reconstruction of the city inside the recent city territory” and results in the densification of the urban structure (e.g. elevating existing buildings or increasing compactness). However, this construction mode needs a detailed understanding of the urban volume. To meet this demand, new analysis methods are strongly desired, integrating 2D and 3D in urban planning. This might allow density increase in decaying inner urban areas while respecting the social sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life. However the currently used methods used in fundamental science or applied science rarely include the third dimension in their consideration; more detailed the vertical axis of geographical, natural or anthropogenic elements.The here presented thesis is dedicated to the integration of the 3D methods into the urban planning by the help of analysis with applied geographic information systems (GIS). The work focuses on image and morphology analysis for developing new methodologies and tools dedicated to different decision makers in urban context
Fruchart, Catherine. "Analyse spatiale et temporelle des paysages de la forêt de Chailluz (Besançon, Doubs) de l'Antiquité à nos jours." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1022/document.
Full textToday Besancon has the highest percentage of green space per inhabitant among France’s largest cities. 3/4 of it are made up by the Forêt de Chailluz, a large forest which has maintained its present day extents for over six centuries. Scientific research reporting on the nature and value of its heritage was still to do. One objective of this thesis is to detect, identify and document the history and heritage of this forest, ultimately aiming to its preservation and to inform a large audience about its value. This thesis is also a contribution to a collective thinking worked out in several research programs that develop methods for processing high-resolution altimetry data (LiDAR) to analyze landscape changes over the long term (LIEPPEC), that develop advanced concepts and methods for a better knowledge of socio-environmental dynamics over the long term (ModeLTER) and that explore territorial dynamics at regional scale to transmit results and knowledge to local stakeholders, giving advice on innovative and sustainable actions to support (ODIT). Within this collective framework, my PhD research is a contribution to the development of methods and knowledge for a better understanding of long term interactions between man and its environment. My interdisciplinary study combines archeology, history, geography and forestry and consists in analyzing LiDAR datasets and collecting and synthesizing written and graphical historical archives and recent documents. It also involved extended archaeological field surveys. Thesis provides a global historic perspective on the forest and on the use of wood, as attested by ancient texts or archeological evidence. It exposes diverse viewpoints and concepts carried out about woodland – diversity of uses through time and diversity of viewpoints about forest today. It also outlines specific historic data relating to the Forêt de Chailluz and details the current literature: previously known archaeological data, geographical and environmental information. It describes methodologies chosen to process the research and the main steps of LiDAR data analysis. Study focuses then on a spatial analysis of archeological features that includes factors influencing conservation and visibility of features to the soil surface. Thesis describes the method used for field surveys and methodology for georeferencing ancient maps. Eventually, results obtained are detailed, features organization and functions identified (features relating to cultivation and inhabitation, roads and tracks, charcoal burning platforms, limekilns and quarries). Dissertation ends with an interpretive synthesis of Forêt de Chailluz land use over time (Roman, Medieval and Modern periods)
Lesbegueries, Julien. "Plate-forme pour l'indexation spatiale multi-niveaux d'un corpus territorialisé." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258534.
Full textNous proposons en effet une méthode de recherche d'information spatiale multi-niveaux indexant un corpus textuel brut. Cette méthode qui extrait l'information d'un corpus et l'interprète, permet d'améliorer l'efficacité de systèmes de recherche d'information à chaque fois que l'interrogation comporte une connotation spatiale. L'interprétation permet en outre de retrouver le contexte dans lequel l'information spatiale a été utilisée. En particulier, elle permet d'indexer des unités de texte en leur associant des contextes de type itinéraire, description locale ou comparaison de lieux.
Corpetti, Thomas. "Images & télédétection : analyse de séquences à basse et très haute résolution spatiale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00616558.
Full textBaudrimont, Marie. "Analyse quantitative de la morphologie neuronale : facteurs influençant l'organisation spatiale de l'arborisation dendritique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX21916.
Full textLebois, Valérie. "Les ressources des espaces intermédiaires : Analyse socio-spatiale dans l'habitat collectif contemporain parisien." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083286.
Full textSocio-space analysis in the Parisian contemporary collective habitat Intermediate spaces in our research are analyzed starting from the halls, porches, course, gardens, staircases, corridors, stages of the Parisian contemporary residential buildings. On the basis of investigation of ground, we seek to seize the potential which represent these spaces located between housing and the street for the whole of the actors who take part in their configuration. Our investigation relates as much to logics to work in the manufacture of these spaces as on perceptions and the practices which are registered there and, in their turn, determine them. We wonder mainly about the ambiguity of the statute which characterizes these spaces with the articulation of deprived and of the public. Which room for maneuver this share of indetermination does it give the architects, with the owners building, the managers of social housing and the inhabitants? How do they interpret it according to their competence, their interests, of their representation of the urban company and stakes which they confer on the dense city? We seek to show how these confrontations from point of view are translated in the development of the architectural devices like in their modes of appropriation. Thanks to the method of the courses with accompanying notes, we wish to identify the properties that the inhabitants allot in their daily crossings to the architectural qualities implemented. We are also interested in “extraordinary” forms of occupation more as the festival. This one gives to see a time of exploration of the places and bonds who appears privileged to us to question the concept of space resource
Rampnoux, Emmanuel. "Analyse, conception et réalisation de filtres planaires millimétriques appliquées à la radiométrie spatiale." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f43923e8-bfa2-4246-a406-2a8486f01c86/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0046.pdf.
Full textNoël, Tarik. "Caracterisation spatiale et temporelle de la turbulence atmospherique par analyse de front d'onde." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066702.
Full textNoël, Tarik. "Caractérisation spatiale et temporelle de la turbulence atmosphérique par analyse de front d'onde /." Paris : ONERA, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36705081f.
Full textFeuillet, Thierry. "Les formes périglaciaires dans les Pyrénées centrales françaises : analyse spatiale, chronologique et valorisation." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3033.
Full textThis thesis of climatic geomorphology aims to characterize the past and present periglacial stage in the Western part of the central French Pyrenees. It is based on the relationships between the regional climatic characteristics (freezing/thawing cycles in the ambient air and in the ground, quantity and rhythm of snow precipitations) and geomorphic consequences of this climate (patterned grounds, solifluction landforms, permafrost landforms). Thus, the first part focuses on the climate and on the altitudinal definition of the landforms under consideration. It reveals that regional periglacial landforms are staging in a large belt between 1 900 and 3 200 m a. S. L. , in which mean annual air temperatures vary between 5°C and -3°C. Freezing/thawing cycles fluctuate between 60 and 130 per year and our numerical modelling indicates that the ground freezing can exceed one meter in depth whatever elevation during snow-free time. The second part deals with spatial and paleoenvironmental variability of the periglacial level. In a first step, it is shown on the basis of multivariate analyses that the landforms staging vary on each slope according to local parameters (exposure, lithology, moisture, vegetal cover). Recently deglaciated areas are the most favourable to the development of forms because of the fine-rich deposits occurrence and high moisture. In a second step, the analysis focuses on the evolution of the periglacial landscapes since the Lateglacial. The observations of inherited landforms and radiocarbon dating show some favourable phases to periglacial dynamics (Younger Dryas, mid-Holocene, Little Ice Age). Finally, the third part describes activities dedicated to the promotion and diffusion of these results in the Pyrenees national park. For that, we evaluated 30 geomorphosites of the periglacial belt. Didactic panels and a web site were created to propose to the public at large easy to read presentations of the most remarkable geomorphosites