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Academic literature on the topic 'Analyses à l'échelle de la cellule unique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Analyses à l'échelle de la cellule unique"
Nabeneza, Serge, Vincent Porphyre, and Fabrice Davrieux. "Caractérisation des miels de l’océan Indien par spectrométrie proche infrarouge : étude de faisabilité." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 67, no. 3 (June 27, 2015): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10181.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Analyses à l'échelle de la cellule unique"
Lu, Cong. "Analyse microélectrochimique du stress oxydant à l'échelle de la cellule unique : application aux cellules cancéreuses du sein." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828217.
Full textCrozatier, Cécile. "Contrôle et analyse électrochimique de la réactivité biologique à l'échelle de la cellule unique dans un dispositif microfluidique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178656.
Full textGrâce au développement d'outils modulables de culture cellulaire et de manipulation de cellules vivantes dans des dispositifs microfluidiques, nous avons mis en place le contrôle dynamique stable de stimulations chimiques sur une population de cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM) en culture et poursuivons cette étude dans le but d'induire la réactivité cellulaire des CSM vers la voie de différenciation neuronale.
Le développement d'un microsystème intégré de détection électrochimique du stress oxydant sur cellules uniques est mis en oeuvre à travers la réalisation d'un dispositif microfluidique intégré consistant en un réseau de chambres de mesures, contenant des microélectrodes fonctionnelles, et permettant d'isoler des macrophages uniques et de les maintenir en survie pendant plusieurs dizaines de minutes, durée suffisante pour réaliser nos mesures électrochimiques. En faisant varier les conditions de mesure, comme le nombre de cellules sondées dans le même micro-environnement, la nature du stimulus ou la présence ou non de communication cellulaire avec une population voisine, nous posons les bases d'une analyse originale jamais réalisée jusqu'à présent.
Vigne, Aurélie. "Microfluidic tools for the engineering of enzymes of therapeutic interest." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0391/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of microfluidic tools for the engineering ofenzymes of therapeutic interest. Droplet microfluidics has enormous potential in the field ofquantitative biology. We are developing microfluidic tools based on the directed evolutionof the enzyme L-asparaginase, an enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thistreatment is based on an enzyme of bacterial origin, which leads to immune reactions thatresult in the interruption of treatment, often fatal for the patient. However, a human version ofthe enzyme L-asparaginase, which is less immunogenic, is currently not sufficiently active to beused. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze and screen enzyme mutant libraries usingstandard mutagenesis methods and to analyze each mutant individually through microfluidics.For this, several microfluidic systems have been developed and optimized for different selectioncriteria for the analysis and selection of the enzyme L-asparaginase. The bacterial versionserving as a positive control for the optimization of microfluidic workflows to analyze andscreen mutant libraries of the human version of the enzyme L-asparaginase
Moussy, Alice. "Caractérisation des premières étapes de différenciation des cellules hématopoïétiques à l'échelle de la cellule unique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP029/document.
Full textDespite intensively studies, the fundamental mechanisms of cell fate decision during cellular differentiation still remain unclear. The deterministic mechanisms, often based on studies of large cell populations, cannot explain the difference between individual cell fates choices placed in the same environment. The aim of my thesis work is to study the first steps of hematopoietic cell differentiation at the single cell level thanks to transcriptomic, proteomic and morphological analyses. Two differentiation models have been used: T regulatory lymphocytes and human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells. The behavior of individual cells following stimulation has been analyzed. Using time-lapse microscopy coupled to single cell molecular analyses, we could demonstrate that the cell fate choice is not a unique, programmed event. First, the cell reaches a metastable “multi-primed” state, which is characterized by a mixed lineage gene expression pattern. After transition through an “uncertain”, unstable state, characterized by fluctuations between two phenotypes, the cell reaches a stable state. Our observations are coherent with a stochastic model of cell fate decision. The differentiation is likely to be a spontaneous, dynamic, fluctuating and not a deterministic process. The cell fate decisions are taken by individual cells
Meunier, Anne. "Méthodes analytiques pour la détection de phénomènes biologiques de sécrétion à l'échelle de la cellule unique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858915.
Full textFiszman, Nicolas. "Etude de cinétique de la traduction eucaryote à l'échelle de la molécule unique." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00939858.
Full textKoh, Alaric C. W. "Analyses électrochimiques d’espèces réactives de l’oxygène et de l’azote produites par un macrophage immunostimulé." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066465.
Full textSaviano, Antonio. "Physiopathologie du foie à l'échelle de la cellule unique : caractérisation de l'hétérogénéité cellulaire et identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans les maladies hépatiques chroniques et le cancer hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ093.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death worldwide and the current treatments are unsatisfactory. One reason is the limited knowledge on the complexity and microenvironment of healthy and diseased liver. To address this gap, we have developed a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) pipeline for primary human liver tissues. We have assembled an atlas of human liver cells and compared the scRNA-seq profile of normal liver and HCC. The atlas revealed an unknown heterogeneity within the main populations of liver cells, the transcriptomic zonation of endothelial cells and the existence of an epithelial progenitor in the adult liver capable of differentiating into both cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. ScRNA-seq analysis uncovered the marked cell heterogeneity of HCC, its microenvironment changes at single-cell level and the interactions between tumor cells and hepatitis B virus discovering previously unknown pathways and drivers of hepatocarcinogenesis
Foulon, Sophie. "Développement du séquençage ARN ciblé sur cellules uniques en microfluidique de gouttes et applications." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET037.
Full textSingle cells technologies were introduced a few years ago and have been dramatically evolving ever since. These technologies have revolutionized biology, making it possible to better understand how heterogeneous cell systems works. For example, they permit to discover and follow cell subtypes, with applications in oncology or neurobiology. We have developed a technology to study the expression profile of genes of interest at the level of a single cell, using droplet-based microfluidics. By limiting the number of genes studied compared to commercial whole-transcriptome technologies, the targeted approach has several potential benefits: gaining deeper sequencing, increasing the number of cells studied, optimizing detection for low levels of expression, while reducing the complexity of data and costs. Targeting is sometimes essential, especially when the RNAs do not carry a generic primer sequence, as in the case of viral RNAs. Two applications are presented: the analysis of inflammation of the immune cells of the brain in the early stages of development, as well as the study of genetic recombination in the virus
Deprez, Marie. "Étude de l’hétérogénéité cellulaire et des dynamiques de régénération de l’épithélium respiratoire sain par analyses des signatures transcriptionnelles sur cellules uniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6022.
Full textImprovements made in nucleic acid sequencing and cell handling technologies now offer the opportunity to analyze simultaneously the content of numerous single cells (RNA, DNA, ...) by global and unbiased approaches. This single-cell ‘omics’ revolution provides a new framework to revisit the “Cell Theory”, elaborated over several centuries, and essentially based on morphological and functional features. The many cell modalities now accessible at single- cell level, such as their transcriptome, spatial localization, developmental trajectories, enrich considerably this definition, and set a renewed context to precisely reassess the definition of ‘cell types’, ‘cell states’ as well as their different interactions and fates.My thesis work initially set up ad hoc approaches and statistical framework to analyze appropriately these single-cell data, which deeply differ from standard bulk RNA-seq. High variance, presence of a huge percentage of null values, large volume of data are among the specific characteristics of these datasets. My work was centered on the main experimental model of my host laboratory, e.g. the human airway epithelium. Human airways are lined by a pseudostratified epithelium mainly composed of basal, secretory, goblet and multiciliated cells. Airways also constitute a true cellular ecosystem, in which the epithelial layer interacts closely with immune and mesenchymal cells. This coordination between cells ensures proper defense of the respiratory system and its correct regeneration in case of external aggression and injuries. A better understanding of the operating sequences in normal and physiopathological situations is relevant in pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma or cystic fibrosis.First, I characterized at a single cell level the precise and cell-specific sequence of events leading to functional regeneration of the epithelium, using a 3D model of human cells. I then built a single-cell atlas of the different cell types that are lining healthy human airways from the nose to the 12th generation of bronchi.By applying computational and statistical approaches, I have identified cell lineage hierarchies and was able to reconstruct a comprehensive cell trajectory roadmap in human airways. I not only confirmed previously described cell lineages, but I have also discovered a novel trajectory that links goblet cells to multiciliated cells, identifying novel cell populations and molecular interactors involved in the process of healthy human airway epithelium regeneration. The profiling of 12 healthy volunteers then generated a dataset of 77,969 cells, derived from 35 distinct locations. The resulting atlas is composed of more than 26 epithelial, immune and stromal cell types demonstrating the cellular heterogeneity present in the airways. Its analysis has revealed a strong proximo-distal gradient of expression in suprabasal, secretory, or multiciliated cells between the nose and lung airways. My work has also improved the characterization of rare cells, including “hillock” cells that have been previously described in mice.In conclusion, this work probably represents one of the first single-cell investigations in human airways. It brings original contributions to our understanding of differentiation’s dynamics and cellular heterogeneity in healthy human airways. The resulting resource will be extremely useful for any future single-cell investigators and also for establishing a very useful joint between clinical and biological works. As such, it will constitute a reference in any future project aiming to precisely analyze specific disease conditions