Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyses biochimiques'
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Pennarubia, Florian. "Analyses biochimiques et fonctionnelles de protéines cibles de POFUT1." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0075.
Full textThe, Pofut1-catalyzed O-fucosylation, is a rare glycosylation which consists of the addition of an O-linked fucose to the serine or threonine of a consensus sequence (C2X4(S/T)C3), carried by an EGF-like domain (ELD) of a membrane or secreted glycoprotein. Our analysis of the murine line Pofut1cax/cax, hypomorphic for the Pofut1 gene, revealed post-natal muscle hypertrophy associated with a decrease in the satellite cell pool. This phenotype was partly associated with a lack of interaction between hypo-O-fucosylated NOTCH receptors of satellite cell-derived myoblasts (SCDM) and their DSL ligands, which resulted in a lower activation of Notch signaling. Other proteins potentially involved in myogenesis may also be the target of POFUT1. This is indeed the case for the protein Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), which has five ELDs, whose only two are potentially able to receive an O-fucose (ELDs III and V). Using a phylogenetic approach, we showed in most bilaterians that these two O-fucosylation sites and two N-glycosylation sites were conserved. Our experiments showed theoccupation of all these sites, except for the O-fucosylation site of murine WIF1 protein ELD V. The ability of the ELD III, produced as an isolated protein, to receive O-linked fucose was demonstrated after an in vitro O-fucosylation by combination of copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and MRM-mass spectrometry. This new experimental approach was then standardized and its sensitivity was evaluated by comparing two other ELDs (NOTCH1 ELDs 12 and 26) known to beO-fucosylated but with different affinities for POFUT1. Surprisingly, WIF1's ELD V could not be O-fucosylated, probably due to a steric clash between this ELD and POFUT1, thus preventing their interaction. The analysis of the full-length WIF1 protein confirmed our results obtained with isolated ELDs and demonstrated the occupation of the two N-glycosylation sites. Finally, our results also showed the importance of these two N-glycans, but also the importance of ELD III’s O-fucose, foroptimal secretion of the murine WIF1 protein
Ploquin, Mickael. "Analyses biochimiques de la recombinaison homologue méiotique chez schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26236/26236.pdf.
Full textPloquin, Mickaël. "Analyses biochimiques de la recombinaison homologue méiotique chez schizosaccharomyces pombe." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20877.
Full textLes cassures double-brin de l'acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN) sont parmi les lésions les plus cytotoxiques car une seule lésion non réparée est létale chez la levure. Dans le but de réparer efficacement ces dommages, la cellule dispose de différents mécanismes tels que le Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ). Toutefois ces mécanismes peuvent causer des mutations et, lorsqu' il est possible, la cellule privilégie un système qui permet une réparation très fiable: la recombinaison homologue. Ce processus peut aussi être utilisé lors de la méiose pour créer de la diversité génétique. La méiose est un mécanisme complexe et une mauvaise régulation peut mener à des problèmes tels que l' aneuploïdie. La recombinaison homologue méiotique se divise en quatre étapes majeures: (i) l' initiation qui crée des cassures double-brin par un complexe muItiprotéique incluant Rec12; (ii) la résection de l'ADN ou les protéines majeures sont Rad32/Rad50/Nbsl; (iii) l'invasion d'un duplex homologue avec les protéines RadSl et Dmcl, et pour terminer (iv) la résolution des jonctions de Holliday. Lors de mes études de doctorat, je me suis concentré sur la caractérisation biochimique des principales protéines des trois premières étapes (initiation, résection et particulièrement l'invasion) de la recombinaison méiotique chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe permettant la réparation des cassures double-brin. Mes travaux avaient pour but de caractériser les protéines Dmcl et le complexe Hop2/Mndl chez S.pombe. Nous avons déterminé que Dmcl avait comme Rad 51 la capacité de former un filament hélical sur l'ADN simple brin, ansi que de catalyser des réactions d'échange de brin. D'autre part j'ai mis en évidence le rôle que joue le complexe Hop2/Mndl dans la stimulation de Dmc 1, ainsi que les différences entre les protéines de S.pombe et de la SOurIS.
Pourciel-Gouzy, Marie Laure. "Développement d'interfaces adaptées aux analyses biochimiques et biologiques. Application aux capteurs chimiques CHEMFETs." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142498.
Full textRiou, Christine. "Production et sécrétion du système hydrolytique de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum : analyses biochimiques et génétiques." Lyon 1, 1991. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675428.
Full textPourciel, Marie Laure. "Développement d'interfaces adaptées aux analyses biochimiques et biologiques : application aux capteurs chimiques CHEMFETs." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0013.
Full textMedical analysis techniques field needs low cost development of reliable chemical sensors. In this context, chemical field effect transistors ChemFET provide innovating answers but this will require microtechnology/ biotechnology interface optimization. In this work, we set out to develop techniques which allow us to link biologic species and silicon material. We studied two kinds of approaches both based on polymer use. First approach aimed improvement of encapsulation techniques micro-volumes creation. In this perspective, micro-tanks were fabricated, first in plexiglass® and secondly, in PDMS. Following optimization of geometric characteristics, bacterial activity was monitored thanks to the solution pH monitoring with pH-ISFET. In this way, we demonstrated the possibility to detect bacterial activity in Lactobacillus Acidophilus case and so, we began to determine bacterium biological hallmark. Second approach relies on ChemFET adaptation to enzymatic detection. In this way, we planed to use a polymer as physical support for biological material. So, classical photolithography techniques allow us to make enzymatic layers using PVA in order to realize biochemical detection. Following implementation of this process to urease, we characterized enzymatic activity evolution in the so fabricated membranes. Next, we validated this process fabricating ENFET chemical microsensors. Then, we were able to detect urea rates thanks to pH variations within solutions with various concentrations
Lareau, Sylvain. "L'enkystement chez Acanthomoeba castellanii : profil métabolique étudié par analyses biochimiques et spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5933.
Full textSerra, Marco. "Une approche innovante pour la manipulation de supports solides magnétiques en microfluidique des gouttes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET003.
Full textDroplet microfluidics systems are experiencing a growing relevance in the bioanalytical-related fields, especially due to lower sample/reagents consumption, increased sensitivity and faster reaction time of its derived bioassays. This is due to the wide set of functionalities currently available in the droplet microfluidic toolbox (i.e., droplet generation, merging, splitting, sorting, cell encapsulation,…), fostering the implementation of homogeneous (liquid/liquid) processes. Recently, innovative strategies for the development of heterogeneous (typically solid/liquid) reactions have been proposed, based on the manipulation of functionalized magnetic solid-state supports to target specific entities. Different microfluidic principles have been presented for the manipulation of such supports; however, a robust device allowing the possibility to enrich or extract an analyte of interest from a complex matrix with performances comparable with those of lab-scale methods but guaranteeing faster processing times is still highly desired.To answer these needs, in this work we present the conception, fabrication and characterization of a novel droplet microfluidic approach based on the integration of a pair of soft magnetic components, placed adjacently to a microchannel and able to generate a strong and local magnetic force along the path of the droplet. Our concept combines both the capture/release and the clean/up functionality with the high throughput processing, including thus all the skills required for the implementation of multi-steps protocol. In particular, the size selection of nucleic acid libraries in next generation sequencing (NGS) application will be presented as a first proof of concept of our device
Goregues, Christelle. "Analyses physiologiques, biochimiques et génétiques pour appréhender la diveristé fonctionnelle des bactéries dénitrifiantes en milieu marin côtier." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22106.
Full textDenitrification is a respiratory process mediated by heterotrophic facultative anaerobes called denitrifiers. In anaerobiosis, nitrogen oxides (nitrate or nitrite) are used as alternative electron acceptors and are reduced in gaseous compounds (nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and dinitrogen). In marin sediments, denitrification is a key process of nitrogen cycle since it limits the quantity of nitrogen available for primary production by diffusion in the atmosphere. However, in coastal zones receiving high levels of anthropogenic nitrogen, denitrification allows the elimination of nitrogen overload and consequently reduces ecosystem eutrophication. [. . . ] The first part of this work presented an original DGGE method (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) developped to assess the functional biodiversity of denitrifying bacteria through the sudy of nitrite reductase encoding genes. We compared the structural and the functional diversity of 89 denitrifers isolated from sediments and we associated this diversity of 89 denitrifiers isolated from sediments and we associated this diversity with the biochemical and physiological characteristics of these isolates. Results showed that it didn' exist any relation between nirS and 16s rRNA phylogenetic trees. Moreover, some taxonomically closed strains presented different physiology and different nitrogen metabolism [. . . ]
Ferraris, Pauline. "Analyses ultrastructurales et biochimiques des membranes cellulaires associées aux complexes de réplication du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3311/document.
Full textAs other RNA viruses, HCV induces membrane alterations termed membranous web and its nonstructural proteins forming the viral replication complex are associated to these neo-synthesized membranes. The mechanism underlying these host cell membranes alterations is still currently unknown. To investigate this mechanism, we initially selected Huh7.5 cells clones harbouring a HCV subgenomic replicon. We were able to demonstrate the presence of a multivesicular network apparently linked to the autophagy induction mechanisms. More recently, using the cell culture-adapted HCVsystem, we better characterized this network by determining three multivesiculars vesicles structurally different subnets. This study was carried out mainly by performing electron microscopy observations,with using innovative techniques such as three-dimensional reconstruction and immunogold
Delompre, Thomas. "Compréhension des mécanismes de perception sensorielle de compléments nutritionnels sous différentes formulations." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK038.
Full textTaking nutritional supplements is recommended when a normal diet is no sufficient to maintain a good nutritional status. The active ingredients of these products are mainly vitamins, minerals, trace elements and plant extracts. The oral method of administration is widely preferred by consumers, therefore the products are marketed as effervescent tablets, chewable, orodispersible powders and tablets or gelled forms. In addition to their nutritional effectiveness, these products must meet consumer’s expectations as “taste” or “flavor”. However, these nutritional supplements are often described with not identified taste defects, which limit their acceptability.The sensory characterization of these “off-tastes”, the involved compounds identification and the understanding of the mechanisms at the origin of their detection are a real challenge for industry concerned. In this work, a methodology based on sensory and cellular approaches has been implemented in order to improve knowledge on the perception of nutritional supplements “off-tastes” and to highlight possible options for new masking strategies.For the “off-tastes” characterization and quantification, the sensory profiles of different ranges and forms of nutritional supplements were determined by panels of tasters. A sensory analysis protocol adapted to the galenic form evaluated (effervescent or orodispersible) allows to identify and quantify some negative perceptions. The results obtained also demonstrated the presence of a slightly strong bitterness for many nutritional supplements, which could recurrently contribute to their "off-taste". A sensory analysis of these same nutritional supplements with and without retronasal flow blockage conditions revealed positive and/or negative perceptual interactions between aromatic and sapid molecules whose origin remains to be demonstrated.The correlation between sensory profiles and nutritional supplements compositions revealed that some active ingredients such as vitamins could be involved in their bitterness. In humans, bitter substances are detected in the mouth by 25 bitter taste receptors called TAS2Rs. In vitro functional experimental protocol showed that four vitamin compounds were able to activate one or more TAS2R(s). In parallel, we completed this functional experiment with psychometric measurements of the human bitter detection threshold. Comparison of sensory and cellular data revealed the importance of oral physiology and information central integration on the taste stimulus perception. The results obtained demonstrated that the combination of a cellular and sensory approach seemed to be an effective alternative method to evaluate the real contribution of one or more compounds to the negative sensory perceptions of nutritional supplements
Laterreur, Nancy. "Analyses biochimiques et développement de techniques permettant d'étudier les propriétés enzymatiques et la régulation de la télomérase chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Laterreur, Nancy. "Analyses biochimiques et développement de techniques permettant d'étudier les propriétés enzymatiques et la régulation de la télomérase chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3882.
Full textD'Amours, Annie. "Analyses biochimiques et fonctionnelles de la protéine Cdc13p, impliquée dans la protection des télomères, et études biochimiques et structurales de la région de liaison de l'ARN TLC1 à la sous-unité catalytique, Est2p, de la télomérase chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3937.
Full textMérot, Bertrand. "Etudes de l'embryogénèse somatique de la canne à sucre, Saccharum sp. optimisation de la production : application aux cultures de cellules et de protoplastes : analyses cytologiques, biochimiques et hormonales /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616302j.
Full textMérot, Bertrand. "Études de l'embryogenèse somatique de la canne à sucre (Sacharum sp. ) : optimisation de la production : application aux cultures de cellules et de protoplastes : analyses cytologiques, biochimiques et hormonales." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112367.
Full textIn order to increase the yield of sugarcane somatic embryos, the culture media factors were studied. Agarose and Silver nitrate had a positive effect. Genetical factors appeared most important than physiological factors. Thus, the yield was increased from 5% to 50% allowing the first positive trials of encapsulation of somatic embryos, and the application to cell and protoplast cultures. The very compact structure of embryogenic calli remained an obstacle. The establishment of microcallus suspension cultures has been allowed only by direct initiation in liquid medium of embryogenic expiant. These suspensions were able to regenerate plants and to give a great quantity of protoplasts. Some cytological studies and biochemical analysis were carried out to compare embryogenic and non embryogenic calli. Callus structure and cellwall behavior appeared very different. A lignification of embryogenic callus was pointed out. Some very important qualitative and quantitative differences were exhibited in endogenous growth regulators and particularly in ABA and cytokinin metabolism. A specific protein of embryogenic calli and some differences of isozymes and amino-acids were also showed. The whole of these results are discussed in taking the results of in vitro culture into account for a best understanding of gramineous somatic embryogenesis
Gakière, Bertrand. "Dérégulation de la biosynthèse de la méthionine chez les plantes supérieures : analyses phénotypiques, moléculaires et biochimiques de plants d'Arabidopsis thaliana exprimant des ARN antisens ou sens de la cystathionine [gamma]-synthase ou de la cystathionine [bêta]-lyase." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10058.
Full textDesrois, Martine. "Prevention des alterations de l'endothelium au cours de la preservation a long terme du myocarde : etude par srm du phosphore-31 et analyses biochimiques sur le coeur isole, perfuse de rat des effets de la l-arginine et de la concentration en potassium." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22038.
Full textRosenberger, Corinne. "Etude biochimique de l'autisme : analyse linéaire discriminante." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P243.
Full textLoeuillet, Dominique. "Analyse des interactions tachykinines-recepteurs : etudes biochimiques et structurales." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066321.
Full textHubert, Lebreton Catherine. "Les modifications microbiologiques et biochimiques du cidre pendant sa phase postfermentaire." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS009.
Full textJivkova, Desislava. "Exopolymère de Ramlibacter tataouinensis : optimisation de sa production , caractérisation biochimique et génétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0220.
Full textBacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) can have a high added value when used as water retention agents in cosmetology. This work was focused on the EPS of Ramlibacter tataouinensis TTB310 (Rta). Rta, isolated from a semi-arid soil, has a special cell cycle with mobile rods sensitive to desiccation and non-mobile cysts producing an EPS allowing it to tolerate desiccation. EPS production and bacterial growth were optimized by : choosing lactate as a source of C and energy, maintaining the pH during the growth with lactic acid, increasing the concentrations of the other substrates, and additionning of micro- and macro elements. Thus sufficient amounts of EPS have been obtained. An extraction of EPS firmly attached to the bacteria surface using trichloroacetic acid was developed and optimized. The biochemical characterization of Rta EPS was performed by combining different techniques : CPG, FTICR-MS, RMN and FTIR. The repeated unit of Rta EPS is a decasaccharide consisting of ribose, glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, deoxyhexose and with substituents such as acetyl, succinyl and methyl. Finally, thanks to the availability of the fully sequenced Rta genome, the gene cluster involved in the production of EPS has been identified, through molecular biology and imaging approaches. The elucidation of the structure of Rta EPS makes possible the future development of the physico-chemical modifications necessary for its solubilization in order to study its rheological properties
Tardif, Maxime. "Analyses biochimique et protéomique de la poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27718/27718.pdf.
Full textMathieu, Sandrine. "Étude d'une carotène-dioxygenase de raisin (VvCCD1) : aspects biochimiques et moléculaires." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20112.
Full textIcard-Vernière, Christèle. "De la semoule de blé dur aux pâtes alimentaires fraîches : évènements physiques et biochimiques." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20167.
Full textMIMOUNI, CHARLES. "Les demandes d'analyses biochimiques aux urgences de l'hopital b en periode de garde." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M020.
Full textCondemine, Wilfried. "Protéine PML endogène : analyse biochimique et étude en biologie celulaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077092.
Full textAn important number of various properties were suggested for PML. We decided to determinate directly the relative abundance of the endogenous different PML isoforms. Major PML isoforms co-migrate with PML-I/-II, whereas PML-III/-IV/-V are systematically minor. So, the physiological aspect of the previous studies that were exclusively with PML-IV surexpression is to be reconsidered. If the relation described between PML-III and the centrosome could not be confirmed, the specific C-termini of evolutionarily conserved isoforms, PML-I/-IV/-V, share a property of nucleolar targeting, suggesting a PML-nucleolus relation. A new nuclear structure defined by PML, and called NANB (Nucleolus-Associated Nuclear Bodies), is present in human primary fibroblasts. In these structures, PML is simultaneouslv connected to the nucleolus, senescence and proteic degradation
Martin, Jean-Paul. "La chemiluminescence et la bioluminescence : application à l'analyse pharmaceutique et biochimique." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR2P099.
Full textChagnaud, Patrice. "Etude biochimique et génétique d'une souche de Lactobacillus à activité malolactique." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20200.
Full textFacy, Patrice. "Lectines nucleaires d'une lignee cellulaire tumorale humaine : analyse biologique et biochimique." Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2008.
Full textLouvet, Loïc. "Métabolisme de l'inositol triphosphate et homéostasie calcique : analyse biochimique et mathématique." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0510.
Full textGainnier, Marc. "Analyse corrélative des événements physiologiques, électrophysiologiques et biochimiques au cours du travail musculaire dynamique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20673.
Full textBalloul, Jean-Marc. "Identification, analyse biochimique et clônage moléculaire d'un antigène protecteur de Schistosoma mansoni." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602562s.
Full textRicard, Brigitte. "β-D-mannosidase humaine : analyse biochimique comparée de l'enzyme rénale et urinaire". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P629.
Full textMetayer, Olivier. "Analyse du mécanisme biochimique de la résistance des Bactéroides aux 5-Nitroimidazoles." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P070.
Full textBalloul, Jean-Marc. "Identification, analyse biochimique, et clonage moléculaire d'un antigène protecteur de Schistosoma mansoni." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10130.
Full textChaaya, Nancy. "Anticorps catalytiques et répertoires immuns murins : analyse génétique, biochimique et bio-informatique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2495.
Full textIn the late 80s, catalytic antibodies have been discovered in the serum of patients, especially patients with auto-immune diseases. Some of the catalytic antibodies appear to have a beneficial effect on health while others are deleterious. In order to understand the link between catalytic antibodies and immune system pathologies, previous work leaded to 4 single chain Fragment variable (scFv) libraries exposed on phage surface, representing different genetic backgrounds and immunological states. The scFvs, composed with the variable regions of the heavy (H) and light (L) chains, are encoded by immunoglobulin gene subgroups V(H), D(H), J(H), V(L) and J(L). With the objective to decipher the potential origin of catalytic antibodies, a statistical representation of each subgroup within each repertoire has been done, based on more than 300 000 sequences. The NGS data analysis showed a variable expression of some gene subgroups (comprising “rare” ones) between the 4 libraries showing that the genetic background and/or the immunological state influence immunoglobulin gene subgroup expression. Then, we investigated the presence of antibodies with potent active sites in the libraries by molecular modelling. Libraries express more putative catalytic antibodies than others depending on the genetic background and the immunological state profile. Finally, in the objective to validate this in silico approach, an in vitro approach was considered. 5 scFvs exposed on phage surface have thus been selected during a previous work by iterative process on the basis of their catalytic activity: β-lactamase like activity. Each of them displays a unique primary and tertiary structure. The scFvs exposed on the phage surface must be catalytically active while expressed in soluble form too. One of the selected scFvs, P90C2, was optimized and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) bacteria in the form of inclusion bodies and then solubilized and refolded. Although soluble P90C2 fully retained its binding activity, its catalytic potency was completely lost. Further experiments aimed to i) optimize refolding protocol, ii) study the impact of scFv codon-optimization, and iii) show the influence of the pIII fusion protein on the scFv catalytic activity
DUMOULIN, PASCAL. "Analyse biochimique et genetique de l'interaction entre le represseur lexa et l'adn." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13150.
Full textKaiser, Joanna. "Mécanotransduction osseuse : écoulement interstitiel, microstructure et couplages biochimiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673263.
Full textRobillard, Létard Sophie. "Anodonta cygnea, espèce sentinelle ? Analyse de marqueurs biochimiques potentiellement indicateurs de contamination par les pesticides." Le Mans, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2003/2003LEMA1017.pdf.
Full textOur work belongs to a program of validation of the mollusc bivalve Anodonta cygnea as a sentinel organism of freshwater ecosystems. We studied responses of three potential pollution biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, catalase and glutathion S-transferase activities). We have given special attention in the optimization of assay conditions of acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. In the light of our results, we estimate that a multibiomarker approach using Anodonta cygnea as a sentinel organism would be difficult considering the difficulty to obtain specific response profiles to each contaminant present in the environment. Henceforth, complementary studies are needed to deepen our knowledge on this subject
Chagraoui, Abdeslam. "Analyse d'effets biochimiques et comportementaux d'agonistes dopaminergiques indirects (Dexamphetamine, GBR 12783, Amineptine) chez la souris." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEA003.
Full textTsafack, Takadong Julie Judith. "Microtubérisation chez Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. ) Schott (Macabo) et analyse de quelques aspects physiologiques et biochimiques." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2005.
Full textCocoyam (Xanthosoma (L. ) Schott, Araceae) is an important staple tuber crop for tropical populations. In vitro tuber induction could be an effective way to propagate a disease-free material and increase the productivity of valuable cocoyam. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for microtubers production and to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of cocoyam tuberization. The cocoyam microtuberization is influenced by the genotype, the sucrose level, nitrogen nutrition, plant growth regulators (PGRs), photoperiod and thermoperiod regimes. The best response is obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8% sucrose, under short days of 8 h and with thermoperiod (25/20°C, day/night) for 10 days, followed by a continuous darkness at 20°C for 50 days. As in the field, the white cultivar is more productive than the red and yellow cultivars. Among the PGRs tested (BAP, ABA, STS, GA3, Ancymidol and flurprimidol), the medium with 30 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) significantly increase the tuberization frequency. Microtuberization can be induced on PGRs free medium with 70% rate of tuberized expiant. The tuberized explants (13. 8%) can be conserved in vitro for at least 8 months at 25°C, in the presence of sucrose (2%) and osmotic agents (mannitol and sorbitol, 2%). More than 90% of microtubers sprout and produce vitroplants that yield 80% of cocoyam plants after one month in the field. The media where the NO3-/NH4+ ratio is higher than 1, are more favourable to tuber formation and soluble carbohydrate accumulation. The G medium, that is poorer in nitrogen than MS medium, gives a low percentage of tuberization and nevertheless reduces the regrowth rate by inducing low a-amylase activity. Tuber initiation observable alter ten days of culture on inductive condition is characterized by a stimulation of the guaiacol-peroxidase activities and the apparition of novel isoperoxidases. During early stages of the microtuberization process, amino acids (mainly Ala, Arg, Gln, Glu, Thr and Val) and proteins accumulate, and novel polypeptides are highlighted. Furthermore, the glucose: fructose ratio increases in leaves concomitantly with the sucrose and starch increase in the basal part, which coincide with the first tubers apparition. Sucrose degraded by invertases is associated with tuber initiation and sucrose synthase assure their filling
Derhy, Zakia. "Analyse biochimique et moléculaire d'une zinc-aminopeptidase du Plasmodium falciparum, agent du paludisme." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0033.
Full textGilbert, Christophe. "Analyse génétique, physiologique et biochimique du système protéolytique de Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10096.
Full textYoung, Joanne. "Analyse biochimique des proteines du translocateur de l'hemolysine et leurs interactions, in vivo." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112016.
Full textLévêque, Nathalie. "Quantification de molécules biochimiques au niveau du derme humain par des techniques bio-analytiques." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA0017.
Full textBilly, Ludivine. "Perception de la texture et de l'arôme des pommes : recherche de marqueurs biochimiques et contribution d'une bouche artificielle." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2099.
Full textTexture and aroma are the two main apple quality characteristics. The aim of this work is based on the comprehension of the role of these properties on fruit quality perception during post-harvest period of storage, and to study their evolution during that period. The first part of this study made it possible to identify the biochemical markers of the texture evolution of apples, which are, the solubilization and the depolymerization of pectins. The second part of this work presents the development of a new extraction technique of apples aroma, named “artificial mouth”, as well as that of a validation tool of this prototype by a methodology of statistical analysis of the texture of image. In a last part, the odorous molecules of apples were identified using this artificial mouth. Among them, the odorous molecules responsible for apples aroma were also distinguished
Abou, Samra Rouaïda. "Contribution à l'étude biochimique de la genèse de la maladie amyloïde chez l'homme." Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR3805.
Full textOuld, Babah Khaled. "Analyse biochimique et structurale des interactions multiples des oncoprotéines E6 produites par les papillomavirus." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866972.
Full textLaloi, Patrick. "Analyse biochimique, physiologique et génétique de l'activité caséinolytique et des aminopeptidases de Lactobacillus bulgaricus." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10141.
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