Academic literature on the topic 'Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)"
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Rajput, Virendra, and Dr A. C. Shukla Dr.A.C.Shukla. "Decision-Making using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 6 (2012): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2014/47.
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Othman, Mohamad Rizza, Rosshila Idris, Mimi Haryani Hassim, and Wan Hanisah Wan Ibrahim. "Prioritizing HAZOP analysis using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18, no. 5 (2016): 1345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1104-4.
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Alsheref, Fahad Kamal. "Route Recommendation Model Via An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 9 (2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11i9/20192768.
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Gong, Ting, and Hui Yan. "An Improvement Research of SWOT Method Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 2287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2287.
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SWOT Analysis Method is improved by advantage of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), qualitative and quantitative methods are combined effectively based on Analysis of traditional SWOT Method deficiency. In the end of this paper, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP)is applied in detail experiment and some sound analysis and research are implemented.
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Altin, Hakan. "An Analysis of Pecking Order Theory With the Analytic Hierarchy Process." International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering 9, no. 1 (2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamse.295865.
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According to pecking order theory (POT), when a company feels the need for capital, it applies the hierarchies of accounts payable and accruals, retained earnings, debt, and new common stock. Similarly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method calculates the hierarchical priorities for the solution of complex problems. The most important justification explaining the hierarchy implementation of the POT approach are the impacts of asymmetrical information and signaling. Similarly, in the AHP method, the hierarchical decision-making process depends on the justification of the decision maker. The existence of asymmetrical information shows that the two methods complete each other. The aim of the study was to analyze POT with the AHP method, in other words, an examination of the consistency of the POT and AHP approaches with each other. The results showed that the two methods are indeed consistent with each other.
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DANG, HUNG. "ON SENSITIVITY RANKING USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 15, supp02 (2007): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488507004613.
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We present an application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the sensitivity analysis of a multi-parameter decision support problem. In this problem, the Multi-Parametric Sensitivity Analysis (MPSA) appears appropriate and is employed. A drawback of MPSA is that it only produces a sensitivity comparison between every two parameters, and does not offer a systematic method for ranking all parameters at once. Without the overall sensitivity ranking, it is difficult to interpret the analysis result from MPSA, especially when the number of parameters is large. Our paper shows that AHP can be used to perform such ranking based on MPSA's pair-wise comparisons.
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Leite Alves, Josivan, and Jeniffer de Nadae. "Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process in sustainability in complex projects." Revista Gestão da Produção Operações e Sistemas 15, no. 4 (2020): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15675/gepros.v15i4.2699.
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Purpose – Analyze how complexity influences the implementation of sustainability in complex civil construction projects. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the proposal of indicators due to the composition of the theoretical background of this research, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria method was applied. Thus, the sampling for collection, through a questionnaire, was be limited to engineering professionals working in the Metropolitan Region of Cariri, extreme south of Ceará, more specifically in the cities Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, and Barbalha. Findings – In terms of the complexity of the projects, the research participants pointed out that changes made over time and the financial aspects are variables that considerably hinder the completion of the building. Finally, it was possible to notice that there is a close relationship between the indicators of complexity and sustainability, where the target audience of the research showed a strong tendency to consider the most important economic aspects of the design and execution of civil construction projects. Originality/value – This research contributes to the national literature by combining mathematical tools with practical applications. It encourages managers and academics to develop indicators for building a sustainability classification system for complex projects, according to their specificities. It also explains how the AHP determines the weights for each criterion, proposing a conceptual sustainability index module. Keywords - Sustainability. Civil Construction. Complexity. AHP
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Braga, Solano de Souza, Anderson Guzzi, and Guilherme Augusto Pereira Malta. "ANALYSIS OF THE TOURIST TERRITORIES OF THE PIAUÍ COAST USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS." Mercator 22, no. 2023 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2023.e22007.
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The article applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate tourism development on the coast of Piauí, Brazil. The assessment of the tourism territories identified on the coast of Piauí was viable due to a quantitative analysis of the region's tourism activity. By quantifying the importance of the variables "means of accommodation," "food services," "tourist attractions," and "access routes" related to the criteria of "cost, "availability," and "quality," it was possible to evaluate each territory. The negative impacts caused by problems related to infrastructure were evident, especially the difficulty of access. AHP proves to be a methodology with the potential to be incorporated into the planning and management process for tourism, as it is effective in characerizing and evaluating territories used by tourism. This study is expected to support the decision-making of municipal and state public authorities concerning the social and environmental impacts of tourism activity on the coast of Piauí, mainly in fragmented territories. Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process, Tourism, Piauí, Coast.
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Zhang, Jiao. "Analytical Hierarchy Process Applied to Risk Analysis of Deep Excavation." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1646.
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The application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to the risk analysis of deep excavation was investigated. Firstly, the occurring probabilities of various risk factors during deep excavation were calculated. Secondly, the aftereffects of the risks were concluded by consulting the experts. Thirdly, the weight of each risk factor was obtained by AHP. Finally, the total risk of deep excavation could be evaluated by fuzzy complex evaluation. This risk analysis method was applied to evaluate the total risk of a real deep excavation, and the exemplification verified its feasibility.
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Oral, Ceren. "Analytical Hierarchy Process as a Tool for Investment Appraisal." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (2016): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n4p306.
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<p>Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), is the method of multiple-criteria decision analysis. AHP; severity of the important criteria in deciding the pairwise comparisons and it carries out the sequence of decisions alternatives. AHP is a powerful and easy to understand method that allows combining qualitative and quantitative factors in the decision making process for groups and individuals.</p><p>AHP in finance is a frequently used method especially financial performance appraisal, credit appraisal, the financial failure prediction, estimation of the exchange rate and the selection of projects. Evaluation and selection of projects is a difficult task before making investment decisions. In this context, it has been developed a case study to determine the best project by applying the AHP technique. For this purpose, considering four criteria, the best projects between options have been identified and evaluated by alternative four projects.</p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)"
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Kordi, Maryam. "Comparison of fuzzy and crisp analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods for spatial multicriteria decision analysis in GIS." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-669.
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<p>There are a number of decision making problems in which Geographical Information System (GIS) has employed to organize and facilitate the procedure of analyzing the problem. These GIS-based decision problems which typically include a number of different criteria and alternatives are generally analyzed by Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA).Different locations within a geographical area represent the alternatives by which the overall goal of the project is achieved. The quality of achieving the goal is evaluated by a set of criteria which should be considered in the work. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which is a powerful method of MCDA generally can organize spatial problems and decides which alternatives are most suitable for the defined problems. However due to some intrinsic uncertainty in the method, a number of authors suggest fuzzifying the method while others are against fuzzification of the AHP.</p><p>The debate over fuzzifying AHP is going on and attempt for finding that was mostly in theory, and little, if any; practical comparison between the AHP and fuzzified AHP has done. This work presents a practical comparison of AHP and fuzzy AHP in a GIS-based problem, case study, for locating a dam in Costa Rica, considering different criteria. In order to perform the AHP and fuzzy AHP in the GIS-based problem and calculating weights of the criteria by the methods, some computer codes have written and developed in MATLAB.</p><p>The comparisons between the AHP and fuzzy AHP methods are done on result weights and on the result final maps. The comparison between the weights is repeated on different levels of uncertainty in fuzzy AHP then all the results are compared with the result of AHP method. Also this study for checking the effect of fuzzification on results is suggested Chi-Square test as a suitable tool.</p><p>Comparisons between the resulting weights of the AHP and fuzzy AHP methods show some differences between the methods. Furthermore, the Chi-Square test shows that the higher level of uncertainty in the fuzzy AHP, the greater the difference in results between the AHP and fuzzy AHP methods.</p>
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Marques, Gilvana Nogueira. "Seleção de áreas para aterros sanitários baseada em mapeamento geotécnico e Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-04102017-163803/.
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Dentre as várias técnicas de tratamento e disposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos a disposição em aterros sanitários é a mais usada, devido ao baixo custo e relativa simplicidade operacional. No entanto, a falta de estudos para áreas adequadas é um dos principais fatores limitantes da aplicação desta técnica. É imprescindível o conhecimento dos atributos do meio-físico para avaliar as suas várias interações com o aterro sanitário. Essas interações e a variedade de atributos, dificultam a seleção do local adequado para a instalação do aterro sanitário. Diante disto, há a necessidade de uma metodologia que considere as interações, juntamente com os atributos, e se mostre eficaz na seleção do melhor local para o aterro. Propões-se aqui uma metodologia que considera 14 atributos do meio físico, referentes ao substrato rochoso, materiais inconsolidados, água e feições de relevo. Em vista da variedade de atributos, múltiplas alternativas possíveis e objetivos muitas vezes conflitantes, a serem considerados, foi aplicada a técnica de tomada de decisão denominada processo hierárquico analítico (PHA). O PHA divide um problema complexo em problemas mais simples na forma de uma hierarquia de decisão e, permitiu a obtenção do índice de adequabilidade (I.A.), que representa o valor numérico da adequabilidade de uma determinada áreas para a instalação de aterros sanitários, além de possibilitar a sua hierarquização em relação às áreas adjacentes. Esta metodologia foi aplicada na região de Araraquara, estado de São Paulo, limitada pelo paralelos 21º45\' e 22º00\' sul e meridianos 48º00\' minutos e 48º15\' minutos oeste Gr. O I.A. possibilitou o zoneamento e a classificação de unidades de combinação em favorável, moderada, severa e restritiva para a implantação de um aterro sanitário. A metodologia mostrou-se eficaz e permitiu comparar os 14 atributos de forma numérica, ao introduzir a ) técnica de tomada de decisão através do processo de hierarquia analítica. Desta forma, apresentou as vantagens de diminuir a subjetividade do processo de seleção e ponderar atributos inter-dependentes, direcionados ao objetivo de selecionar áreas para a implantação de um aterro sanitário.<br>Among several techniques for disposition and treatment of urban solid waste, sanitary landfill is the most employed, by their low cost and relative operational simplicity. However, the lack of research for suitable areas is one of the main problems to the application of this technique. It is necessary to know the attributes of the environment to assess their numerous interactions with the environment sanitary landfill. This interactions and the variety of the attributes becomes diffilcut the selection of the most suitable area to the installation of the sanitary landfill. A methodology to be effiecient in the selection of the best site to this facility, must consider the interactions and the attributes of the environment. This paper proposes a methodology which consider 14 attributes of the environment related to the rocky substrate, unconsolidated materials, water and relief. Because the variety of attributes, multiple possible alternatives and competing objectives to be consider was applied a decision support system (D.S.S.) technical named analytic hierachy process (AHP) which divides a complex problem in simpler ones in the form of a decision hierarchy. The use of AHP reaches the numerical suitability index (SI), of the areas to the installation of a sanitary landfill and becomes possible to hierarchy these areas. This methodology was applied in an area located in the Araraquara region, São Paulo state, limited by the parallels 21º45\' and 22º15\' south and meridians 48º00\' and 48º15\' West gr. The use of the suitability index (SI) permitted the zoning and ranking of the sub-areas and their classification in favorable, moderate, severe and restrictive to the installation of a sanitary landfill. The methodology to compare the 14 attributes in a numerical way by the use of the making decision technique applied to the AHP. By this way had the advantage of less subjectivity of the process of area selection and to weigh inter-dependents attributes, addressed to the objective of to select sites to the sanitary landfill.
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Nikoukaran, Jalal. "Using software to select simulation modelling packages." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266637.
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Ciambriello, Gianluigi, and Paolo D'Amelio. "Web Based AHP and CPC evaluation System." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6196.
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<p><p><em>Making a decision today is quite important, especially in companies, where the consequences can bring benefits or costs. Sometimes the decisions to be made are complex and we need to evaluate many criterions that can involve several factors. In those cases, it is not easy to have a good overview of all choices and for this reason it is important to have a system that helps us in making complex decisions, when it is not possible to evaluate all the alternatives manually. This thesis describes different algorithms and tools that can aid in the process of making decisions. Based on the review of existing tools a new web based application is proposed. The new tool, Decision Maker, uses both the full Analytical Hierarchical Process approach and Chainwise Paired Comparisons method to evaluate different alternatives.</em></p></p>
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Neves, Diego Pereira 1983. "Metodo Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) para classificação de comedouros utilizados na produção de frangos de corte." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256943.
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Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar Naas<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T17:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: As últimas 30 décadas foram marcadas por uma intensiva produção avícola, onde se alcançou um nível satisfatório de produção com a utilização de tecnologia. Estes fatos permitiram que o país se destacasse dentro de um cenário global, tornando o país o maior exportador e o terceiro maior produtor de carne de frango do mundo. Atualmente os projetos relacionados a equipamentos rurais desenvolvidos no Brasil têm sido objeto de estudo unicamente por engenheiros e técnicos, mas que poderão ser otimizados com a participação dos Designers. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar de três tipos de comedouros para frangos de corte sob o ponto de vista de manejo e preferência das aves, analisando as atividades comportamentais e tempo de duração das refeições das aves, além de estimar a eficiência dos equipamentos. Os comedouros avaliados foram: Tubular e Automático, ambos comercializados atualmente, e o comedouro Fênix, equipamento manual proposto por um Designer que ainda encontra-se em fase de testes. O estudo foi conduzido em um galpão comercial de frangos de corte que alojava 14 mil aves, com densidade de 16 aves m-2 aos 17, 18, 20, 21, 23 e 24 dias de idade. Utilizou-se vídeo-filmagem para o registro dos comportamentos e, a partir destas análises e de conhecimentos gerais sobre o tema, foi procedida uma avaliação, através do método AHP (Analitic Hierarchy Process), para se estimar a eficiência de cada comedouro de acordo com três tipos distintos de consumidores: C1 (produtor de pequeno porte), C2 (produtor de grande porte) e C3 (pesquisador). Os resultados apontam uma preferência das aves pelo comedouro Tubular, no qual o comportamento "comendo" e o tempo de refeição foram maiores, sendo este o único que não dispunha de uma divisória sobre o prato de alimentação, fato que pode ter sido determinante na preferência das aves. O comedouro Fênix indicou ser mais adequado ao consumidor C1 e o Automático para os consumidores C2 e C3. O Tubular ficou na terceira colocação para os três consumidores, mesmo sendo o preferido pelas aves. O comedouro Fênix apresentou características compatíveis com os concorrentes, sendo mais eficiente que o Tubular, indicando, após alguns ajustes, a possibilidade de ser fabricado<br>Abstract: The last 30 decades were marked by an intensive poultry production, which reached a satisfactory level of production with the use of technology. These facts have allowed the country to stand out in a global setting, making the country the largest exporter and third largest producer of chicken meat in the world. Currently, projects related to rural equipment developed in Brazil have been studied only by Engineers and technicians, but could be optimized with the participation of Designers. This study aimed to compare three types of feeder for broiler chickens under the standpoint of management and preference of birds, examining the behavioral and duration of birds' meals, and estimate the efficiency of the equipments. The evaluated feeders were: Tubular and Automatic, both currently marketed, and Fênix feeder, manual equipment proposed by a designer who is still undergoing tests. The study was conducted in a shed broiler commercial house that housed 14 thousand birds at a density of 16 birds m-2 at 17, 18, 20, 21, 23 and 24 days old. We used video footage to record the behavior and, based on these results and general knowledge on the subject, an assessment was preceded by the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), to estimate the efficiency of each feeder in accordance with three distinct types of consumers: C1 (small producer), C2 (large producer) and C3 (researcher). The results indicate a bird's preference to the Tubular feeder, in which the behavior of "eating" and the time of meal were higher, and this is the only one that did not have a partition grid on the food plate, which may have been determinant to the birds' preference. The Fênix feeder indicated that it was more appropriate to the consumer C1 and Automatic for consumers C2 and C3. The Tubular came in third place for the three consumers, even as the favorite for birds. The Fênix feeder presented compatible characteristics with competitors, been more efficient than the Tubular indicating, after some adjustments the ability to be manufactured<br>Mestrado<br>Construções Rurais e Ambiencia<br>Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Shirdastian, H., N. Towhidi, S. R. Allahkaram, and Cheraghi M. Siadat. "Ranking the Cobalt Coating Nanostructures, Produced by Direct current Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34884.
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In recent years, cobalt coating has been known as an alternative material instead of chromium in corrosion
and erosion resistant behavior. Extensive research has been carried out on a variety of electroplated
cobalt coatings. In this study, for the first time, the relative priority of the cobalt coating has been calculated
and ranked theoretically by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, through the
AHP and the Expert Choice software, benefiting from expert opinions, the relative weights of the effective
parameters on achieving nanostructure coating have been calculated. Then, by using the weights obtained,
the relative priority of five available Co coatings was calculated and the quality of them was ranked.
Among available Co coatings, the coating with 5 mA/ current density, pH 3, electrolyte saccharin of
0.25 grams per liter and a temperature of 45 °C during 30 minutes, in comparing with others had more favorable
conditions for achieving nano-grain size. This shows that before experimental tests, the best alternatives
to achieve the ultimate goal could be anticipated. This anticipation leads to reduce in trial and error
and the multiplicity of the tests in investigations.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34884
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Farago, Randal. "Proposta de melhoria para o processo DMAIC com integração do AHP: uma aplicação na operação de distribuição física de bebidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-20072015-170330/.
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A competitividade de uma organização e, consequentemente, sua prosperidade perante concorridos mercados, depende muito da capacidade de inovação e aprimoramento de seus produtos/serviços e processos. A procura por melhores padrões de manufatura e serviços prestados aos clientes, além das aplicações de novas técnicas gerenciais, de melhoria contínua, de otimização e de tomada de decisão, têm atraído a atenção das organizações. O esforço criativo humano deve propor abordagens de caráter competitivo, combinando ferramentas e técnicas, conhecidas ou não, a fim de melhorarem seus desempenhos. Assim, o objetivo desta tese foi propor uma estrutura analítica integrando de forma sequencial o processo de melhoria contínua DMAIC e o método de análise multicriterial para tomada de decisão Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), com vistas às aplicações em operações de distribuição física de bebidas. Em um primeiro momento, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, foi proposta uma estrutura geral, denominada Estrutura Analítica DMAIC/AHP, envolvendo as teorias supracitadas. Além disso, com o auxílio de um estudo de caso, foi proposta uma estrutura detalhada para a tentativa de melhoria da operação de distribuição física de bebidas em uma empresa na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. O foco esteve também na oportunidade de se obter maior conhecimento do processo em estudo e melhorar o embasamento para a tomada de decisão. A aplicação da estrutura analítica foi dividida em três fases: fase 1 - definições para o projeto de melhoria; fase 2 - condução do processo de melhoria em si; e fase 3 (denominada metafase) - responsável por monitorar/acompanhar as atividades do projeto. A aplicação em um caso real permitiu a proposta de atividades e ferramentas para entendimento e aperfeiçoamento do processo; além de alternativas de decisão frente aos problemas encontrados; deu embasamento para a tomada de decisão no momento de se implementarem as melhorias e apresentou instrumentos para manutenção e controle das alterações propostas no projeto. Um ganho evidente com a junção das teorias foi que houve um auxílio mútuo entre elas. Dessa forma, o processo de melhoria contínua DMAIC, por meio de suas etapas minuciosas de conhecimentos de processos e de causas de problemas, pôde embasar de forma robusta a definição do modelo hierárquico do AHP, desde o objetivo geral a ser atingido, passando pelos critérios de decisão, até se chegar às alternativas de decisão propostas para o processo em estudo. Por outro lado, como o DMAIC não apresenta um método de tomada de decisão atraente, o AHP pôde auxiliar na tomada de decisão multicriterial de forma mais organizada, consistente e assertiva.<br>The competitiveness of an organization and consequently its prosperity before competitive markets, depends widely on the capacity for innovation and improvement of its products/services and processes. The pursuit for better manufacturing standards and services provided to customers, in addition to the applications of new management techniques, continuous improvement, optimization and decision-making, have attracted attention of organizations. The human creative effort should propose approaches of competitive basis, combining tools and techniques, known or not, in order to improve their performance. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to propose an analytical structure integrating sequentially the process of continuous improvement DMAIC of Six Sigma and the multi-criteria analysis method for decision making Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in order to apply in real cases in beverage industries. At first, through a literature search, it was proposed a general structure, called Analytical Structure DMAIC/AHP, involving the above theories. In addition, with a case study aid, it was proposed a detailed structure attempting to improve the operation of physical distribution for beverages in a company in the city of Ribeirão Preto. The focus was also on the opportunity to gain greater knowledge of the process under study and improve the foundation for decision making. The application of analytical structure was divided into three phases: phase 1 - definitions for the improvement project; phase 2 - implementation of the improvement process itself; and phase 3 (called metaphase) - responsible for monitoring/following the activities of the project. The application in a real case allowed the proposal of activities and tools for the understanding and improvement of the process, as well as possibilities for more alternatives to problems encountered; provided foundation for decision making at the time of implementing the improvements and presented tools for maintenance and control of changes proposed in the project. An obvious gain from the junction of the theories was that there was a mutual aid between them. Thus, the process of continuous improvement DMAIC, through its detailed stages of knowledge of processes and causes of problems could robustly base the definition of the hierarchical model of AHP, since the overall objective to be attained, passing through the decision criteria, until they get to the alternatives of decisions proposed for the process under study. On the other hand, as the DMAIC does not present an attractive method of decision-making, AHP could assist in multi-criteria decision making more organized, consistent and assertive.
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Jiang, Boyi. "GIS-based Multi-criteriaAnalysis Used in Forest Fire Estimation: A Case Study of Northernmost Gävleborg County in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9626.
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Fire plays an important role in forest ecosystem management depending on the dual character of it. It should be managed and supervised effectively. In this particular study, the study area was located in the north part of Gävleborg County in Sweden, which is in a high- latitude region. Seven factors, divided into natural factors and human caused factors, were extracted from digital elevation model (DEM), classified land use map and feature shape files provided by National Land Survey of Sweden (Lantmäteriet). Two different weighting schemes for the factors were determined by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. With the help of ArcGIS 9.3 and Erdas 9.3, two classified result maps were obtained, where forest fire risk ranks were shown as five classes, very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The 43 fire incidents in the year 2007 and 2008 recorded by Global Fire Management System were used to evaluate the results. The results show that the higher rank the region is, the larger is the probability for forest fire risk and higher the risk to spread the fire. Furthermore, according to the occurrence time of the fire incidents, the period of time from end of May to beginning of June was generalized as a dangerous period for forest fire risk in this study area. After analyzing and discussing, even if there might be some uncertainties caused by variable selection, resolution problem and weighting schemes, the results were generally reliable.
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Heinrich, Cristiano Eduardo. "Utilização do método analytic hierarchy process (AHP) para análise das estradas rurais do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/4080.
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Previous issue date: 2018-09-06<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Brazilian agribusiness is a sector of the economy that has historically demonstrated strength and growth, with emphasis on the agricultural sector that has been presenting production volumes and increasing productivity rates. Despite this, the exceptional competitiveness of Brazilian primary production is gradually diluted as its products leave the rural property to the subsequent links of the productive chains. The logistical obstacles faced by the national agribusiness to transport its wealth are notable, with problems such as the imbalance of the freight transport matrix, depleted transport infrastructure, insufficient static storage capacity and "bottlenecks" in the best known ports. However, little is known about another fundamental component for the logistic efficiency of agribusiness: rural roads. From the moment that the agricultural and livestock production leaves the rural property, the rural road network is the first element with potential of impact to the competitiveness of agribusiness, and few researches were undertaken with this theme. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate and describe the criteria that make a rural road suitable for the transport of inputs and agricultural production. The research was geographically delimited to the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon, located in the western mesoregion of the state of Paraná, because this municipality presents its economic base based on agribusiness. The methodology used was the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), since it is able to measure mathematically subjective and objective attributes in a joint way, through comparisons made by individuals with knowledge of the subject matter. The methodological procedures were bibliographic research and non-systematized field survey for initial exploratory analysis, in addition to a survey to deepen the research. A total of 97 interviews were carried out with the application of a form with drivers who transport loads in the rural road network of the municipality. From the initial exploratory survey, 20 criteria potentially relevant to the adequacy of a rural road were related, and the results of the survey indicated a set of 7 priority criteria: integrity and conservation status under satisfactory conditions; track with surface coating that provides better conditions of support and trafficability, mainly asphalt paving; runway with low slope of cross section; full track without deformation; runway without loose / disaggregated materials; platform with adequate surface drainage and low intensity (volume) of traffic. It is concluded, therefore, that these are the attributes of rural roads of greater essentiality for the accomplishment of agribusiness cargo transport activities.<br>O agronegócio brasileiro é um setor da economia que historicamente tem demonstrado pujança e crescimento, com destaque para a agropecuária que vem apresentando volumes de produção e taxas de produtividade cada vez mais expressivos. Apesar disso, a excepcional competitividade da produção primária brasileira dilui-se gradualmente conforme seus produtos saem da propriedade rural com destino aos elos subsequentes das cadeias produtivas. São notáveis os obstáculos logísticos enfrentados pelo agronegócio nacional para transportar suas riquezas, sendo os problemas como o desbalanceamento da matriz de transporte de cargas, infraestrutura de transportes defasada, capacidade estática de armazenagem insuficiente e “gargalos” nos portos, os mais conhecidos. No entanto, pouco sabe-se a respeito de outro componente fundamental para a eficiência logística do agronegócio: as estradas rurais. A partir do momento que a produção agrícola e pecuária sai da propriedade rural, a malha viária rural constitui-se no primeiro elemento com potencial de impacto à competitividade do agronegócio, e poucas pesquisas foram empreendidas com essa temática. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar e descrever os critérios que tornam uma estrada rural adequada ao transporte de insumos e da produção agropecuária. A pesquisa foi geograficamente delimitada ao município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, localizado na mesorregião oeste do estado do Paraná, em razão deste município apresentar sua base econômica pautada no agronegócio. A metodologia utilizada foi o Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pois a mesma consegue mensurar matematicamente atributos subjetivos e objetivos de maneira conjunta, por meio de comparações paritárias julgadas por indivíduos com conhecimento da temática investigada. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram pesquisa bibliográfica e levantamento de campo não sistematizado para análise exploratória inicial, além de survey para o aprofundamento da investigação. Foram realizadas 97 entrevistas com aplicação de formulário junto a motoristas que transportam cargas na malha viária rural do município. A partir do levantamento exploratório inicial, foram relacionados 20 critérios potencialmente relevantes à adequação de uma estrada rural, sendo que os resultados do survey apontaram um conjunto de 7 critérios prioritários: integridade e estado de conservação em condições satisfatórias; pista de rolamento com revestimento superficial que proporcione melhores condições de suporte e trafegabilidade, principalmente pavimentação asfáltica; pista de rolamento com pouca inclinação da seção transversal; pista de rolamento íntegra e sem deformações; pista de rolamento sem materiais soltos/desagregados; plataforma com drenagem superficial adequada e baixa intensidade (volume) de tráfego. Conclui-se portanto, que estes são os atributos das estradas rurais de maior essencialidade para a consecução das atividades de transporte de cargas do agronegócio.
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Jiadong, Zhu. "Wall Panel Optimization for Refugee Shelters in Germany: An AHP Study." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1962.
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The German government is experiencing difficulties housing and assimilating Syrian refugees in its borders. Erecting temporary shelters on location is one way to deal with the current crises. This thesis attempts to use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the optimum combination of materials and construction methods to be used in the shelter’s walls in order to improve the living conditions of the refugees and to ensure that the cost is acceptable to the German government. This thesis compares six existing wall panel products from China, which have the lowest cost on the worldwide market. The R-value, strength, price, weight, durability, ease of assembly, assembly time, maintenance costs, comfort, resale value, and appearance were evaluated. Assumptions were made on what the German government would require and on standard building practices in Europe and America. The analysis indicates that the steel frame house from YONGYANG Steel best satisfies the needs in this situation. This thesis produced an AHP template, which is flexible. This model that was developed for the German scenario can be effectively applied to differing emergent situations in other parts of the world.
Books on the topic "Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)"
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C, Patton Peter, and Jayaswal Bijay K. 1949-, eds. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in software development. Prentice Hall, 2007.
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Moutinho, Luiz. The use of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in goal setting and goal assessment: The case of professional servicescompanies. University of Wales, Cardiff Business School, 1991.
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Diartho, Herman Cahyo. Analisis skala prioritas penentuan dasar sentra produksi agribisnis komoditi unggulan (SPAKU) buah-buahan di Jember menggunakan analytic hierarchy process (AHP): Laporan penelitian. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Universitas Jember, Lembaga Penelitian, 2003.
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Saaty, Thomas L. Models, methods, concepts & applications of the analytic hierarchy process. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
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Gastes, Dominic. Erhebungsprozesse und Konsistenzanforderungen Im Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2011.
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Gastes, Dominic. Erhebungsprozesse und Konsistenzanforderungen Im Analytic Hierarchy Process (Ahp). Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2011.
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Gastes, Dominic. Erhebungsprozesse und Konsistenzanforderungen Im Analytic Hierarchy Process (Ahp). Lang Publishing, Incorporated, Peter, 2011.
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Gurkasch, Denis. Der digitale Tachograph - Bewertung von Einführungsszenarien unter Einsatz des Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2007.
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Kulakowski, Konrad. Understanding Analytic Hierarchy Process. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Kulakowski, Konrad. Understanding Analytic Hierarchy Process. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)"
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Uzun Ozsahin, Dilber, Mennatullah Ahmed, and Berna Uzun. "Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)." In Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Environmental and Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64765-0_3.
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Kułakowski, Konrad. "Fuzzy AHP." In Understanding the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315392226-10.
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Saaty, Thomas L. "Group Decision Making and the AHP." In The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50244-6_4.
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Kułakowski, Konrad. "AHP as a Decision-Making Method." In Understanding the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315392226-1.
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Padma, Theagarajan, S. P. Shantharajah, and Shabir Ahmad Mir. "Plantation Land Segmentation for an Orchard Establishment Using Fuzzy AHP." In Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369884-15.
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Kahraman, Cengiz, Başar Öztayşi, and Sezi Çevik Onar. "Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP: A Multicriteria Wind Turbine Selection." In Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369884-9.
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Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, Farhad, Tofigh Allahviranloo, Witold Pedrycz, Mohammadreza Shahriari, Hamid Sharafi, and Somayeh Razipour GhalehJough. "Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Fuzzy Environment." In Fuzzy Decision Analysis: Multi Attribute Decision Making Approach. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44742-6_8.
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Mitchell, Kenneth H., and Edward A. Wasil. "AHP in Practice: Applications and Observations from a Management Consulting Perspective." In The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50244-6_13.
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Alimohammadlou, Moslem, Zahra Khoshsepehr, and Saeed Alinejad. "Single-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP and Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP." In Analytic Hierarchy Process with Fuzzy Sets Extensions. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39438-6_6.
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Awasthi, Anjali, and Hassan Mukhtar. "An Integrated Fuzzy Delphi-AHP-TOPSIS with an Application to Logistics Service Quality Evaluation Using a Multistakeholder Multiperspective Approach." In Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369884-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)"
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Astanti, Ririn Diar, Jin Ai, and Stephanie Eka Mbolla. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AHP AND FUZZY AHP IN SUPPLIER SELECTION PROBLEM." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2016.048.
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Takahashi, Iwaro. "Analysis of AHP by BIBD." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1988.022.
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Shinohara, Masaaki. "Inverse Problems in AHP." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2014.112.
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Zacarias, Abel. "SIMULATION OF AHP METHOD." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2016.107.
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Sekitani, Kazuyuki, and Naokazu Yamaki. "Model Based AHP." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1999.052.
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Mu, Enrique, and Milagros Pereyra. "AHP STRATEGIC ANALYSIS FOR HEADQUARTERS RE-LOCATION." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2018.007.
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Jassemi-Zargani, Rahim, Fredrick Lichacz, and Nathan Kashyap. "Situational Awareness Effectiveness Using AHP." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2014.154.
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Osuna, Edgar-Elías, and Alvaro Aranda. "Combining SWOT and AHP." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2007.012.
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Li, Shubing, and Baogian Chen. "A Software of AHP." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1988.011.
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Liu, Qizhi, and Qin Wang. "Product Method of AHP." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1988.051.
Full textReports on the topic "Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP)"
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Watkins, J. C., and L. S. Ghan. AHP Version 5. 1 user's manual. [Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6603795.
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Burch, Katrina. An MCA linear additive method for research project analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48156.
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This report describes a business intelligence (BI) model developed by the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) to evaluate multiple projects simultaneously and help researchers learn descriptive phrases found in alignment sources representative of their projects. The BI model combines the linear additive model with the analytical hierarchy process to take advantage of the qualitative and quantitative nature of both methods. The model has five variations, all built along the same objectives but with different criteria due to the specialized emphasis areas of each variation. The BI model operates around three central concepts for evaluating the projects: Alignment Variables, Timing, and Customer Relationship. A use-case scenario with ten projects shows the effectiveness of the model and compares it with another model from the United States Military Academy. This new BI model will assist researchers in developing and proposing research ideas that are more relevant and fundable.
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Khvostina, Inesa, Serhiy Semerikov, Oleh Yatsiuk, Nadiia Daliak, Olha Romanko, and Ekaterina Shmeltser. Casual analysis of financial and operational risks of oil and gas companies in condition of emergent economy. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4120.
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The need to control the risk that accompanies businesses in their day- to-day operations, and at the same time changing economic conditions make risk management an almost indispensable element of economic life. Selection of the main aspects of the selected phases of the risk management process: risk identification and risk assessment are related to their direct relationship with the subject matter (risk identification to be managed; risk analysis leading to the establishment of a risk hierarchy, and, consequently, the definition of risk control’ methods) and its purpose (bringing the risk to acceptable level). It is impossible to identify the basic patterns of development of the oil and gas industry without exploring the relationship between economic processes and enterprise risks. The latter are subject to simulation, and based on models it is possible to determine with certain probability whether there have been qualitative and quantitative changes in the processes, in their mutual influence on each other, etc. The work is devoted to exploring the possibilities of applying the Granger test to examine the causal relationship between the risks and obligations of oil and gas companies. The analysis is based on statistical tests and the use of linear regression models.
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Marold, Juliane, Ruth Wagner, Markus Schöbel, and Dietrich Manzey. Decision-making in groups under uncertainty. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/361udm.
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The authors have studied daily decision-making processes in groups under uncertainty, with an exploratory field study in the medical domain. The work follows the tradition of naturalistic decision-making (NDM) research. It aims to understand how groups in this high reliability context conceptualize and internalize uncertainties, and how they handle them in order to achieve effective decision-making in their everyday activities. Analysis of the survey data shows that uncertainty is thought of in terms of issues and sources (as identified by previous research), but also (possibly a domain-specific observation) as a lack of personal knowledge or skill. Uncertainty is accompanied by emotions of fear and shame. It arises during the diagnostic process, the treatment process and the outcome of medical decision making. The most frequently cited sources of uncertainty are partly lacking information and inadequate understanding owing to instability of information. Descriptions of typical group decisions reveal that the individual himself is a source of uncertainty when a lack of knowledge, skills and expertise is perceived. The group can serve as a source of uncertainty if divergent opinions in the decision making group exist. Three different situations of group decisions are identified: Interdisciplinary regular meetings (e.g. tumor conferences), formal ward meetings and ad hoc consultations. In all healthcare units concerned by the study, only little use of structured decision making procedures and processes is reported. Strategies used to handle uncertainty include attempts to reduce uncertainty by collecting additional information, delaying action until more information is available or by soliciting advice from other physicians. The factors which ultimately determine group decisions are hierarchy (the opinion of more senior medical staff carries more weight than that of junior staff), patients’ interest and professional competence. Important attributes of poor group decisions are the absence of consensus and the use of hierarchy as the predominant decision criterion. On the other hand, decisions judged to be effective are marked by a sufficient information base, a positive discussion culture and consensus. The authors identify four possible obstacles to effective decision making: a steep hierarchy gradient, a poor discussion culture, a strong need for consensus, and insufficient structure and guidance of group decision making processes. A number of intervention techniques which have been shown in other industries to be effective in improving some of these obstacles are presented.
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Mohammadian, Abolfazl, Mohammad Miralinaghi, Alireza Talebpour, Sajad Askari, and Sanaz Kazemzadehazad. State Department of Transportation Support for Operationalizing Transit Signal Priority. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/25-005.
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Transit signal priority (TSP) systems have become an integral part of regional intelligent transportation systems integration. They modify signal operations to facilitate faster transit through intersections, improve transit service reliability, reduce delays, and enhance overall transit operational efficiency. Agencies are planning and implementing next-generation TSP systems. However, multifaceted challenges complicate TSP implementation, particularly in urban regions with high traffic density and multiple stakeholders. Exploring these challenges can help develop more efficient deployment strategies and improve system performance. This study’s researchers, therefore, examined TSP implementation challenges in the metropolitan Chicago area and interviewed stakeholders and experts from Illinois and other states to identify successes and obstacles in TSP deployment. They applied a thematic analysis and a non-negative matrix factorization method to identify key barriers. To prioritize these challenges, they developed a survey using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process framework and had experts directly involved in TSP operations in the Chicago region participate in this survey. Study findings indicated that organizational factors—such as interagency coordination issues and labor shortages—are significant challenges. Regulatory and policy constraints, including the absence of standardized regional guidelines and concerns over equipment compatibility, further hinder TSP deployment. Financial constraints, particularly the reliance on fragmented funding sources, create uncertainty in project execution. Technological limitations, such as integration difficulties with legacy traffic control systems and the high costs of infrastructure upgrades, also impede implementation.
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FDG-PET/CT SUV for Response to Cancer Therapy, Clinically Feasible Profile. Chair Nathan Hall and Jeffrey Yap. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) / Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/qiba/20230615.
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This QIBA Profile documents specifications and requirements to provide comparability and consistency for quantitative FDG-PET across scanners in oncology. It can be applied to both clinical trial use as well as individual patient management. This document organizes acquisition, reconstruction and post-processing, analysis and interpretation as steps in a pipeline that transforms data to information to knowledge. The document, developed through the efforts of the QIBA FDG-PET Biomarker Committee, has shared content with the FDG-PET UPICT protocol, as well as additional material focused on the devices used to acquire and analyze the FDG-PET data. The QIBA acquisition protocol is largely derived from the FDG-PET UPICT protocol for FDG-PET imaging in clinical trials. In the UPICT protocol, there is a carefully developed hierarchy with tiered levels of protocol compliance. This reflects the recognition that there are valid reasons to perform trials using different levels of rigor, even for the same disease/intervention combination. For example, a high level of image measurement precision may be needed in small, early-phase trials whereas a less rigorous level of precision may be acceptable in large, late-phase trials of the same drug in the same disease setting. This Profile defines the behavioral performance levels and quality control specifications for whole-body FDG-PET/CT scans used in single- and multi-center clinical trials of oncologic therapies. While the emphasis is on clinical trials, this process is also intended to apply for clinical practice. The specific claims for accuracy are detailed in the Claims section. A motivation for the development of this Profile is that while a typical PET/CT scanner measurement system (including all supporting devices) may be stable over days or weeks, this stability cannot be expected over the time that it takes to complete a clinical trial. In addition, there are well known differences between scanners and or the operation of the same type of scanner at different imaging sites. The intended audiences of this document include: Technical staff of software and device manufacturers who create products for this purpose Biopharmaceutical companies, oncologists, and clinical trial scientists designing trials with imaging endpoints Clinical research professionals Radiologists, nuclear medicine physicists, technologists, physicists and administrators at healthcare institutions (1) considering specifications for procuring new PET/CT equipment, (2) designing PET/CT acquisition protocols, (3) making quantitative measurements from PET/CT images Regulators, nuclear medicine physicians, oncologists, and others making decisions based on quantitative image measurements
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping: Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.
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The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project: Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.
Full textAbstract:
The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.