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Fahey, Liam. "Invented competitors: a new competitor analysis methodology." Strategy & Leadership 30, no. 6 (December 2002): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570210697964.
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Guo, Liang, Ruchi Sharma, Lei Yin, Ruodan Lu, and Ke Rong. "Automated competitor analysis using big data analytics." Business Process Management Journal 23, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 735–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-05-2015-0065.
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Purpose Competitor analysis is a key component in operations management. Most business decisions are rooted in the analysis of rival products inferred from market structure. Relative to more traditional competitor analysis methods, the purpose of this paper is to provide operations managers with an innovative tool to monitor a firm’s market position and competitors in real time at higher resolution and lower cost than more traditional competitor analysis methods. Design/methodology/approach The authors combine the techniques of Web Crawler, Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning algorithms with data visualization to develop a big data competitor-analysis system that informs operations managers about competitors and meaningful relationships among them. The authors illustrate the approach using the fitness mobile app business. Findings The study shows that the system supports operational decision making both descriptively and prescriptively. In particular, the innovative probabilistic topic modeling algorithm combined with conventional multidimensional scaling, product feature comparison and market structure analyses reveal an app’s position in relation to its peers. The authors also develop a user segment overlapping index based on user’s social media data. The authors combine this new index with the product functionality similarity index to map indirect and direct competitors with and without user lock-in. Originality/value The approach improves on previous approaches by fully automating information extraction from multiple online sources. The authors believe this is the first system of its kind. With limited human intervention, the methodology can easily be adapted to different settings, giving quicker, more reliable real-time results. The approach is also cost effective for market analysis projects covering different data sources.
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T. C. Whitaker and J. Hill. "Non-completing horses within the cross country phase of selected advanced level Eventing competitions: the effect of rider gender and ‘course toughness’." BSAP Occasional Publication 35 (2006): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00042798.
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Non-completion of equestrian competition by competitors may occur for a variety of reasons. However, limited work has been conducted to establish the likely factors causing non-completion. Non-completion by a competitor needs to be carefully considered within any overall analysis of competition data. Non-completing competitors within sporting competitions are potential complicating and confounding factors in the analysis of performance data (Whitaker and Hill, in press). Within a population it is important to establish if there are systematic or nonrandom reasons for non completion; or whether non-completion is entirely a random event (Little and Rubin 1987). If systematic or nonrandom effects are occurring in competition they need to be considered carefully in the wider analysis of the whole population. This will include the application of appropriate statistical methods to the data sets. These may include such techniques as Regression Analysis, Approximate Bayesian Bootstrap, Hot Deck Method or Summary of Single Input Method (ibid).
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Baker, Rose. "New order-statistics-based ranking models and faster computation of outcome probabilities." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 31, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpz001.
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Abstract In sport, order-statistics-based models such as Henery’s gamma model and the Thurstone–Mosteller type V model are useful in estimating competitor strengths from observed performance of players in competitions between two or more players. They can also be applied in many other areas, such as analysis of consumer preference data, which would be useful to marketing management. Two new families of such models derived from the exponentiated exponential, and Pareto distributions are introduced. Use of order-statistics-based models when there are more than two competitors has been hampered by lack of an efficient method of computation of outcome probabilities as a function of competitor strengths, and a fast method of computation of outcome probabilities is presented, which exploits the fact that the integral to be evaluated is an iterated integral.
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Albayrak, Tahir. "The inclusion of competitor information in the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 1924–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-03-2018-0239.
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PurposeThe three-factor theory of customer satisfaction suggests that product attributes may have an asymmetric effect on customer satisfaction. Although this relationship has been demonstrated in many different settings, the main drawback of previous research is the lack of information about competitors. This study aims to propose asymmetric impact competitor analysis (AICA) for addressing this shortcoming.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method is conducted by using both impact asymmetry index and relative performance value of each product attribute. While the former is derived by penalty-reward contrast analysis, the latter is obtained by the comparison of the focal company’s performance with competitor’s performance.FindingsThe paper shows the application of AICA by using data belonging to two competing hotels. Results offered different strategies for each hotel attribute.Originality/valueAICA considers both asymmetric effects of attributes on customer satisfaction and competitor information related to same attributes. The proposed method also suggests the strategies for each attribute depending on the quadrant it is located.
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Cygler, Joanna, and Katarzyna Dębkowska. "Coopetition Effect Determinants: Competitor’s Size, Geographical Scope, Market and Technological Positions." Organizacija 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orga-2015-0019.
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Abstract Background and Goal: The article is aimed at conducting an empirical analysis of the value and significance of coopetitors’ attributes thanks to which coopetition, which is a combination of cooperation and competition between competitors, generates a substantial corporate profit. Four major competitors’ attributes have been analysed: its size, geographical scope, market and technological position. The research also includes the Porter’s value chain. Design/ Methodology/Approach: The survey has been conducted on a sample of 235 high- tech companies operating in Poland and involved in coopetition. The sample is representative. The data have been collected at interviews with company top executives or owners. The research applies the method of classification trees, which, thanks to diagrams, sequentially divides the examined data space into classes (spaces) of similar properties. The assessment of the effect of coopetition, including its variants, made by the examined company served as a dependent qualitative variable. Four coopetitor’s attributes and their variants were assumed as explanatory variables (predictors) affecting the assessment of cooperation. Results: The results of research indicated the necessity for an accurate competitor’s profile selection. The significance of each of the four attributes may be different depending on the undertaken areas of cooperation with a competitor. The value of all the attributes of competitors is also diverse depending on the area of cooperation. A selected competitor’s profile with regard to the four analysed attributes may become a stimulant to generate benefits in one area, while in another area it may become an inhibitor. Conclusions: So far, the selection of a coopetition partner has been treated universally, without scrutinizing on some specific needs in relation to the area of cooperation. The selection of an appropriate coopetitor’s profile will allow for the cost reduction in search of appropriate candidates for cooperation and in relations management.
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Kruszewski, Artur, Stanisław Kuźmicki, Marek Kruszewski, and Władysław Jagiełło. "Trends in Technical and Tactical Modifications Among Competitors of Various Nationalities Based on Research Conducted During the 2009 World Youth Championship in Greco-Roman Style Wrestling in Turkey." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 19, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10197-012-0012-3.
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AbstractIntroduction. This paper discusses the relationship between the technique implemented during competition and the end result including an attempt to evaluate the technical and tactical preparation of different nationality competitors in Greco- Roman wrestling. The research was conducted during the 2009 Junior World Cup in Turkey. Material and methods. The research material included a video recording posted by the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) on their website. The material contained recordings of 240 matches. An analysis of 212 matches with competitors from 49 countries was conducted; each team selected one competitor in each weight category (up to 8 competitors in total). Results and conclusions. During the competition there was strong correlation between victory and the execution of the roll-through and the combat zone and result defence, also in the ground position. Competitors from Russia and Iran, who were most successful, winning 6 and 4 medals respectively, obtained an average of 3.18 technical points in each match. Among the sample analysed this was the lowest score, indicating the optimal use of technical and tactical skills by the competitors resulting in a victory.
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Aldiera, Tara, Sari Wulandari, and Ima Normalia Kusmayanti. "Cotton.Go’s Electronic Service Quality Improvement Using Importance Performance Competitor Analysis Approach." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 5, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v5i01.103.
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The number of competitors that have sprung up in the field of fashion especially in men's clothing, has caused Cotton.Go need to evaluate its e-commerce services to compete with them. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the attributes of Cotton.Go’s e-commerce services by integrating the dimensions of Electronic Service Quality and Importance Performance Competitor Analysis (IPCA) method. According to research result, seven attributes of services in Cotton.Go’s e-commerce is needed for further research, which are web design, reliability, efficiency, responsiveness, security, flexibility, and fulfillment. This research produced that all of the attributes need urgent action to improve by looking at the negative performance differences value with its competitor. All attributes that need to be improved indicated that the performances are considered to be lower compared to the competitor and need immediate action to improve.
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Kraus, Sascha, Patrycja Klimas, Johanna Gast, and Tobias Stephan. "Sleeping with competitors." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-09-2017-0356.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the specific types of coopetition between small and medium-sized craft breweries and related businesses, as well as its drivers and outcomes.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research was carried out using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 18 different small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) combined with site visits and secondary data analysis.FindingsThe results reveal that craft breweries are engaging in coopetition in several different ways. Mutual benefit, trust, commitment, and sympathy are the crucial drivers for coopetition; whereas innovation development, market reach and marketing, as well as firm growth represent the key shared outcomes of coopetition.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suffers from two main limitations, including the focus on coopetition of craft breweries operating in German-speaking countries only and the risk of subjectivity in analysis and interpretation due to the qualitative, explorative nature of the research.Originality/valueThe findings reveal insights into the uniqueness of SMEs – specifically craft brewers – regarding coopetition, which is currently of strong cooperative nature. This study completes prior coopetition knowledge by revealing the importance of coopetition for small, micro and resource-constrained firms operating in dynamic and innovative but traditional (here craft) industries; presenting the cooperation-based type of coopetition as a good competition strategy under fierce competition from large, more established and global business rivals; and identifying sympathy as an important coopetition driver.
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Radville, Laura, Liahna Gonda-King, Sara Gómez, Ian Kaplan, and Evan L. Preisser. "Are exotic herbivores better competitors? A meta-analysis." Ecology 95, no. 1 (January 2014): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0728.1.
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Pratama, Nanda Bagus, Shanty Kusuma Dewi, and Teguh Baroto. "Analisis Persaingan Dan Kepuasan Konsumen Dengan Menggunakan Metode Correspondance Analysis Dan Importance Performance Analysis." Jurnal Teknik Industri 16, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol16.no2.74-82.
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Epic Culinary is a cafe and a restaurant that established in January 2015. According to a survey conducted at the beginning of Epic Culinary it can be seen that the problems faced by the existence of a complaint to the problem places, products, facilities, and price. In addition, as a company that is growing and developing Epic Culinary do not have characteristics of companies that made the difference with existing competitors. Of the problems faced by the company companies also need to consider existing competitors, both in terms of strengths and weaknesse. In addition to analyzing the company's existing competitors should also strive to realize the expectations of consumers. Correspondence Analysis (CA) is the method used to pay attention to competitors, namely in terms of strengths and weaknesses of the company which will then be made as input in designing a strategy. After that to determine the extent of quality of service the company has done to the satisfaction of customer dan to increase consumer loyalty is by using importance performance analysis (IPA). Application of the method both methods above will do the deployment questionnaire using 7P concept of product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence and process used as an attribute in making the questions.
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Alboiu, Cornelia-Florentina, Dan-Marius Voicilas, and Iuliana Ionel. "The Expansion of the Main EU Competitors' Supply Chains." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 3, no. 2 (April 2014): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2014040103.
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The objective of the article is to make an in-depth analysis of the main Brazilian agri-food supply chains, including a country overview, having given the fact that in recent years Brazil has become one of the most important competitors of the European Union (EU). The subject is challenging due to the fact that EU must take into consideration the evolution of the most important competitors in order to adapt its policies and to create the economic framework for a stable and long run growing main supply chains. The article presents a brief country overview including its infrastructure, the importance of agri-food chain in Brazil, the evolution of the main supply chains (beef, poultry and pork), and makes a brief analysis of the governance structures and discuss the economic relationships. The analysis is accompanied by some facts regarding the country's specific political, social and cultural influences on the chain's performance. The article concludes that Brazil has become one of the most important competitors of the EU ranking with its supply chains as a major competitor for the EU supply chains. The analysis will help in the formulation of adequate public policies regarding the EU regulations and to increase EU competitiveness.
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Zlatković, Matea. "Tourism Destination Benchmarking Analysis." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i1.p283-293.
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Modern society is characterized by constant changes that are rapidly taking place and that are difficult to follow. Management of the company is forced to constantly adapt to changes, to systematically and continuously measures and compares their performance with business results of its competitors. A key condition for survival in the market is to achieve quality. Consequently, it is necessary to estimate their own competitive position and meet with examples of best practice in their own field of work, with the aim of an independent perspective for future development. Benchmarking is the process of defining own areas of business and the identification and understanding of business activities its competitors, in order to determine their own advantages and disadvantages. The objective of the company is to implement the perceived advantages of competitors in its business activities and thereby achieve a better market position. The results of the best practice analysis for the chosen destination indicate the direction which this destination should follow through creative copying an already successful and proven management and marketing models.
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Raciti, Maria M. "Can an Index Approach Improve Social Marketing Competitor Analysis?" Social Marketing Quarterly 27, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15245004211031872.
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Background: Competitive forces influence social marketing efforts. Indeed, social marketers often find themselves “shadow boxing” various forms of competition throughout their interventions. Despite the seminal role of competition as a threat to social marketing intervention efficacy, few empirical studies have undertaken competitive analysis or compared the usefulness of competitive typologies. Thus, this paper proposes an index approach to categorize competitive typologies relevant to a specific social marketing intervention in terms of their ease of use, intuitiveness and generalisability to the broader social cause domain. The proposed index approach is illustrated with empirical data, undertaking a competitive analysis of forces obstructing efforts to address educational inequality in Australia, then comparing the ease of use, intuitiveness and generalisability of 15 competitive typologies noted in the social marketing literature to produce a competitor analysis index. Research Question: Which competitive typologies most effectively frame forces that inhibit educational equality social marketing efforts in Australia? Methods: Via interviews and focus groups, qualitative data were collected from 46 students from low socioeconomic status (LSES) backgrounds at six universities and sought to understand the influence of their home residence’s geographical remoteness on their university participation. The analysis revealed eight participant-identified differential competitors experienced by students from regional, rural and remote settings (LSES-R, n = 25, 54.4%) that were not experienced by those from metropolitan areas (LSES-M, n = 21, 45.6%). Fifteen competitive typologies were identified in the social marketing literature, and their capacity to frame these eight differential forces in terms of their ease of use, intuitiveness and generalisability was critiqued. Findings: Unlike their metropolitan counterparts, LSES-R participants experienced situational (n = 3), dispositional (n = 3) and goal pursuit (n = 2) competitive forces. The most effective competition typologies comprised two classification options that were distinctly different and could classify both the unfriendly and friendly competition that exists in social marketing. Five competitor typologies were identified as easy to use, intuitive and generalizable to the broader educational inequality domain. Together, these five competitor typologies form a competitor analysis index for educational inequality researchers and practitioners to enhance their intervention efficacy. Recommendations: Despite widespread agreement as to the importance of competitor analysis in social marketing, the efficacy of various typologies has received little attention. Social marketers are encouraged to critique competitor typologies before selecting those which enable effective decision-making. Furthermore, it is recommended that social marketers use a competitor analysis index comprised of multiple typologies to better capture the nebulous nature of the many different types of competitors that exist in a specific social marketing context. Limitations: The educational inequalities cause and qualitative method may constrain generalisability, but they exemplify the importance of competition typology choice and model how competitor analysis indexes can be developed.
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Santos, Bielinski M., Thomas A. Bewick, William M. Stall, and Donn G. Shilling. "Competitive interactions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and nutsedges (Cyperusspp.)." Weed Science 45, no. 2 (April 1997): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092766.
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Replacement series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate effects of population densities and proportions on the intraspecific and interspecific interference of either purple nutsedge or yellow nutsedge with tomato cv. Sunny, under nonlimiting conditions of water and nutrients. When grown with either nutsedge species for 40 d, tomato dry weight per plant increased and dry weight per plant of nutsedge decreased as their relative proportions decreased in mixture. Relative yield analysis indicated tomato is a stronger competitor than either nutsedge species. Both nutsedges appeared to be weak interspecific competitors but strong intraspecific competitors. Attenuated light on a purple nutsedge canopy showed that tomato additions can reduce light received by the weed compared to pure nutsedge stands.
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Vyas, Vishal, Ankur Roy, and Sonika Raitani. "Do the competitors affect cross-buying decisions?" International Journal of Bank Marketing 36, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-06-2016-0085.
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Purpose Understanding the effect of competitor’s marketing activities as well as analyzing the impact of one’s own marketing activities is equally important. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of competing bank’s marketing activities (i.e. competitor’s price and product variety) and main bank’s characteristics (bank’s reputation and expertise) in the cross-buying intentions of customers by studying the interrelationships among these. Design/methodology/approach This study has adopted a hybrid model of confirmatory factor analysis and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory. Data were gathered from two different samples of bank customers and bank experts, using closed-ended questionnaire. Findings The results revealed that competitor’s price influences the cross-buying intentions of customers more than the reputation and expertise of primary bank. Bank’s reputation, expertise and competitor’s price were found causing factors. The remaining two factors, namely competitor’s product variety and cross-buying intentions, were belonging to the effect group. Practical implications For practice, this study guides banking institutions for resource allocation. Continuous and extensive staff training should be provided to sales staff. Bank should realize customers that they are getting much more value in return of what they are paying. Originality/value This study is one of few studies in marketing literature which investigates the effect of competitors on cross-buying.
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Palomo-Duarte, Manuel, Antonio García-Domínguez, and Antonio Balderas. "Assessment in Software Development for Competitive Environments: An AI Strategy Development Case Study." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131566.
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Competitions are being widely used to motivate students in diverse learning processes, including those in computer programming. This paper presents a methodology for designing and assessing competitive learning scenarios that allow students to develop three different coding skills: the ability to compete against unknown competitors, the ability to compete against known competitors and the ability to compete against refined versions of known competitors. The proposal is based on peer code review, implemented as an improvement cycle after the dissemination of the code among participants. A case study evaluating the methodology was conducted with two cohorts of students in an undergraduate course. The analysis of the obtained grades suggests that while performance after our assistance was improved, students could still fail or succeed independently of the assistance. Complementary data from student questionnaires and supervisor observations are aligned with this finding. As a conclusion, the evidence supports the validity of the methodology. Additionally, several guidelines based on the experience are provided to transfer the proposal to other environments.
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Rahaman, Aminur. "ANALYSIS OF HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES AMONG COMPETITORS IN VARIOUS GAMES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 5 (June 12, 2021): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i5.2021.3969.
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Hematological factors may be useful in determining the best physical performance of various game participants. It also indicates the athletes’ health and physical condition. This study deals with the analysis of hematological variables-red blood cells, white blood cells (, eosinophil, lymphocytes, ), and platelet among university men basketball, volleyball, and cricket players. Fourteen (14) active players (basketball-5, volleyball-5, and cricket-4) were taken as samples and age range years. All players were actively competing at Inter-University levels in their respected they voluntarily participated in this study. Blood samples were collected in the morning session with fasting. Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet counts were criterion measures in this study. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the help of SPSS software and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. As per the statistical analysis, insignificant differences were found among the three different game players. In summary, the study found that the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet counts are similar in the three groups.
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Campbell, Favor, Timothy Haverda, and John P. Bartkowski. "Rival Bodies: Negotiating Gender and Embodiment in Women’s Bikini and Figure Competitions." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020064.
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Women’s bodybuilding has attracted attention from gender researchers. However, increasingly popular fitness shows that feature different competitive tracks—bikini and figure—have garnered very limited scholarly consideration. This study draws on interview data from twenty bikini and figure competitors as well as ethnographic research conducted at several prominent bodybuilding shows in Texas with fitness competition tracks. Our investigation provides a comparative analysis of women’s participation in bikini versus figure fitness competitions as an embodied gender practice. Participation in this relatively new sport underscores the interconnections between gender and variegated forms of embodiment that we call athletic, aesthetic, erotic, and everyday bodies. Pre-competition regimens pose challenges for women’s management of their bodies due to dietary deprivation, rigorous workouts, and the specter of track-specific judging criteria. Pre-competition strains are often evident in primary relationships as women’s bodies are prepared for aesthetic presentation in a way that, for bikini and especially figure competitors, can undermine physical functionality and social capabilities. Competitions themselves reveal relationships marked by a mix of camaraderie and hierarchy among competitors, with those in the figure track often viewed as more “serious” athletes but less conventionally “feminine” than their bikini counterparts. Post-competition, women often struggle to accept the return of their “normal” everyday body. This study reveals the agency of women and their bodies in the context of a fast-growing sport while considering the broader social implications of fitness competitions given their tracking of women’s bodies.
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Ulkhaq, M. Mujiya, Samuel H. Pandiangan, Elieser L. Tarigan, Abdi R. Silalahi, and Septina G. Lumbantobing. "Assessing Customer Satisfaction: A Case in Logistics Service Company." Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia 21, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/jmi.v21i2.2662.
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This study aims to assess customer satisfaction of a logistics service company in Indonesia. Several researches employed the classical importance-performance analysis (IPA) to accomplish the objective; instead, this research used importance performance competitor analysis (IPCA). IPCA is considered as a remedy for IPA since the later has been criticized for several reasons, e.g., the relative structure of IPA and its lack of competitors’ consideration. A case study has been conducted to show the applicability of IPCA. Result shows that several service attributes have to be improved since they have lower performance than the competitor. Recommendations that can be done as a part to continuous improvement were provided. Finally, we also show that using IPA—without considering the competitor—would bring the management to a misleading interpretation.
Keywords—Customer satisfaction; importance performance competitor analysis; logistics service
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Vener, Tanya, Malin Nygren, AnnaLena Andersson, Mathias Uhlén, Jan Albert, and Joakim Lundeberg. "Use of Multiple Competitors for Quantification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 7 (1998): 1864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.7.1864-1870.1998.
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Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma has rapidly become an important tool in basic HIV research and in the clinical care of infected individuals. Here, a quantitative HIV assay based on competitive reverse transcription-PCR with multiple competitors was developed. Four RNA competitors containing identical PCR primer binding sequences as the viral HIV-1 RNA target were constructed. One of the PCR primers was fluorescently labeled, which facilitated discrimination between the viral RNA and competitor amplicons by fragment analysis with conventional automated sequencers. The coamplification of known amounts of the RNA competitors provided the means to establish internal calibration curves for the individual reactions resulting in exclusion of tube-to-tube variations. Calibration curves were created from the peak areas, which were proportional to the starting amount of each competitor. The fluorescence detection format was expanded to provide a dynamic range of more than 5 log units. This quantitative assay allowed for reproducible analysis of samples containing as few as 40 viral copies of HIV-1 RNA per reaction. The within- and between-run coefficients of variation were <24% (range, 10 to 24) and <36% (range, 27 to 36), respectively. The high reproducibility (standard deviation, <0.13 log) of the overall procedure for quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, including sample preparation, amplification, and detection variations, allowed reliable detection of a 0.5-log change in RNA viral load. The assay could be a useful tool for monitoring HIV-1 disease progression and antiviral treatment and can easily be adapted to the quantification of other pathogens.
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selvi M, Muthu, Angeline Ranjitha Mani, and Abinaya V. "Personality Prediction using through CV Analysis." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100220.
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This Human Resource Management is obviously bolstered by and gave more open doors by the improvement of Job Characteristics Model (JCM) which thusly depends on the idea of present day occupation plan. Luckily, the advancement in present day data framework, computerized innovations, the general access of electronic innovation and web prompted the tendency of the worldwide Human Resource. The board improvement and make the framework more pertinent. Following the pattern, the proposed framework attempts to structure an arrangement to coordinate Job Characteristics Model into E-HR framework to scan for another model of proficient activity on Human Resource Management in the Internet Age. In this venture, we present a lot of strategies that makes the entirety enlistment process increasingly viable and productive. We have executed a framework that positions the competitors dependent on weight-age arrangement just as a bent test. Today there is a developing enthusiasm for the character attributes of an up-and-comer by the association to more readily look at and comprehend the competitor's reaction to comparable conditions. Along these lines, the framework directs a character expectation test to decide the character attributes of the applicant. At long last, it shows the consequences of the contender to the selection representative who assesses the top competitors and waitlists the applicant. This system can used in many business sectors that may require expert candidate. This system will reduce workload of the human resources. This system will help the human resource to select right candidate for desired job profile, which in turn provide expert workforce for the organization. Admin can easily shortlist a candidate based on their online test marks and select the appropriate candidate for particular job profile. This will enable a more effective way to short list submitted candidate CVs from a large number of applicants providing aconsistent and fair CV ranking policy, which can be legally justified
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Haruyama, Shigeyuki, Kenji Miyake, Tomohisa Kimura, and Ken Kaminishi. "A Study of Technology Trends Analysis Using Patent Search Systems." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2014): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2014v5i2p18-35.
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Patent information is effective in clarifying the research policy and strategy of acompany and its competitors through the analysis of technological trends. In this study, wedevised a patent analysis system that incorporates one patent search system, YUPASS (YamaguchiUniversity Patent Search System), and patent mapping software. In order to confirm theeffectiveness of this analysis system, we focused on the differences in technological features ofexposure equipment of Canon, Nikon and ASML for use in semiconductor manufacturing andtheir market share, and attempted to infer the technological reason for the changes in eachcompany’s market share through the analysis of patent maps. The analysis result correlatedwell with the market share investigation report, and we have found that it is a useful analyticaltool in clarifying a company’s or its competitor’s research strategy and policy.
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Viviano, Andrea, Emiliano Mori, Niccolò Fattorini, Giuseppe Mazza, Lorenzo Lazzeri, Alessandra Panichi, Luigi Strianese, and Walid Fathy Mohamed. "Spatiotemporal Overlap between the European Brown Hare and Its Potential Predators and Competitors." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020562.
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Analysis of spatiotemporal partitioning is pivotal to shed light on interspecific coexistence. Most research effort has involved large-sized carnivores and their prey, whereas little attention has been devoted to lagomorphs. We assessed spatiotemporal overlap among the European brown hare Lepus europaeus and its potential competitors and predators through camera-trapping in an area in Central Italy. We estimated the interspecific patterns of the spatiotemporal activity rhythms of brown hares, its potential predators (the red fox Vulpes vulpes, the pine marten Martes martes, the domestic cat Felis catus, and the domestic dog Canis familiaris), and a competitor, the roe deer Capreolus capreolus. Brown hare activity was studied in natural conditions as well as in a fenced area that excluded terrestrial predators and competitors. Free-ranging hares developed a more nocturnal behavior to avoid diurnal predators (i.e., domestic carnivores and martens). Although high temporal overlap was observed between free-ranging brown hares and both red foxes (82%) and roe deer (81%), hares avoided fox by being more active on darkest nights, as well as avoided roe deer through spatial partitioning. We suggest that hares may adapt their spatiotemporal behavior to avoid potential predators and competitors.
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Cánovas, Jose S. "Reducing competitors in a Cournot–Theocharis oligopoly model." Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 15, no. 2 (February 2009): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236190802006415.
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Ogunnowo, Babatunde Enitan, and Salami Suberu Sule. "Measurement of Customer Perceptions of Logistics Service Quality." Jurnal Teknik Industri 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol22.no1.43-56.
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Currently, logistics service providers experience a high increase in activity. It makes logistics service providers compete with each other in service quality. To be able to compete, logistics service providers need to measure customer perceptions on logistics service satisfaction. The results of measuring customer perceptions can be used to improve the quality of logistics services. This study attempted to measure customer perceptions of third-party logistics (3PL) service users by considering competitor performance factors. This study integrated the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method and the Competitive Zone of Tolerance based Importance Performance Analysis (CZIPA) method to measure customer perceptions and determine the priority attributes for improvement account competitors' performance factors. Based on the research, the CSI method was proven to measure customer perceptions of 3PL service users. CZIPA can determine the attributes that were prioritized for improvement based on the performance of competitors.
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Broadbent, Simon. "Single source - a new analysis." Market Research Society. Journal. 39, no. 2 (March 1997): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147078539703900208.
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More information is available from single source panels than is often realised. This includes descriptions of the category, of the brand, the associations between brand share and price, demographics, weight of viewing and recent viewing. Data can be aggregated into weeks and normal time series modelling compared with the disaggregate findings; the latter seem to be the more sensitive. Reasons for the brand choice at each purchase occasion can be studied by multivariate regression. These include the shopper's loyalty to the brand, its relative price, a trend term and recent advertising for the brand and for its competitors measured by adstock. Short-term advertising effects have been seen at two to 28 days half life for various brands; no effects have been found for some others. Competitors' adverse effects may be larger or smaller than ours. Diminishing returns to higher current advertising pressure can also be measured and are usually slight. A minority of occasions are under high pressure and most of these are for heavy viewers who are also affected by competitors' activities and often have untypical brand shares. Any bivariate relation between recent advertising exposure and brand choice is potentially affected by purchase/viewing bias which often occurs and by other confounding factors such as price. Such relationships can give misleading indications of advertising effects.
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Flanagan, David J., Douglas A. Lepisto, and Laurel F. Ofstein. "Coopetition among nascent craft breweries: a value chain analysis." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-05-2017-0173.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to employ an inductive approach to explore how small, nascent, firms in the craft brewing industry use cooperative behaviours with direct competitors to achieve their goals. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from interviews with the founders of seven small, newly established, craft brewers in a Midwestern city in the USA for this exploratory study. Data analysis followed the general tenants of inductive coding. Porter’s value chain model was used as a framework to organise and conceptualise the coopetitive behaviour uncovered. Findings The firms engage in cooperative behaviours with their direct competitors in areas such as process technology development, procurement, inbound logistics and marketing. A particularly interesting and common collaborative activity was breweries recommending/promoting competing breweries to their own customers. Practical implications This study provides clear examples of how relationship building with competitors could be advantageous and help small, nascent firms overcome the liabilities of newness and smallness. Originality/value Research on coopetition has called for a greater understanding of the nature of cooperative behaviours in small firms, start-ups and firms outside of high-technology industries. Moreover, research has called for finer-grained approaches to conceptualising coopetition. This paper fills these gaps and shows how Porter’s value chain is a useful tool for organising the types of collaborative behaviours that can be part of coopetition. The findings enhance understanding and facilitate future research by illustrating a broad array of cooperative activities that occur between direct competitors.
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Syukron, Miftahus, and Slamet Slamet. "INTELIJENSI PEMASARAN DALAM UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF." IQTISHODUNA 9, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/iq.v9i2.3564.
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ne" Marketing intelligence is very important for a company to maintain its competitive advantage inorder to face industrial competition. So, if it is done optimally, the information about competitors data can thenbe achieved and the company can make a decision related to the information. In reality great scale company,which is the object of the research, implement marketing inteligence based on intelligence activities, sources,and factors. Therefore, the company has to adopt the marketing intelligence system to face existing industrialcompetition and be able to apply it as the procedure. The result shows that: 1) The marketing intelligenceemployed by great scale companies uses competitive advantage planning and customer value analysis inobserving its competitor. 2) The marketing intelligence source employed by great scale companies uses twosources, company environment (internal) and outside environment of the company (external). 3) Marketingintelligence factor employed by great scale companies uses 3 factors. First, the observation of 6 main competitordata including competitor’s products, price, promotion, strategy, sale, and other data.Second, competitiveadvantage factor emphasizing on information processing related to competitor’s innovation such as productquality. Third, the salesman factor who employs person in the company to do marketing intelligence in whichthe company ability is very important in these factors application.
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Qiong, Xu. "Analysis of Influencing Factors on Performance of Rhythmic Gymnasts." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.512.
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The competition result of a rhythmic gymnast is dependent on the assessment of referees based on the athletic level of athlete at scene (including the difficulty, choreography, and quality of movements), and final ranking after comparing with the scores of other competitors. The paper proposes several factors which can affect the performances of rhythmic gymnasts including: the subjective factors such as scoring of referees, and also the objective factors such as athletic level of athletes at scene, competition conditions, competitors' conditions, etc.; and the paper also proposes the related countermeasures for above issues.
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Buchwald, Adam, Robert A. Felty, and David B. Pisoni. "Neighbors as competitors: Phonological analysis of spoken word recognition errors." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2933824.
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Gómez-Landero, Luis Arturo, and Juan Miguel Frías-Menacho. "Analysis of Morphofunctional Variables Associated with Performance in Crossfit® Competitors." Journal of Human Kinetics 73, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0134.
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AbstractCrossFit® is a competitive sport and fitness modality characterized by multiple physical capabilities and multi-joint movements. This study aimed to analyse and classify variables related to CrossFit® competitors’ specific performance. Fifteen male CrossFit® competitors were selected (n = 15; 30.57 ± 5.5 years; 1.76 ± 0.06 m; 78.55 ± 9.12 kg). Mean values were obtained for body mass index (25.3 ± 2.14 kg/m2), 4 skinfolds, 1 repetition maximum in the squat (137.60 ± 19.65 kg) and the bench press (101.67 ± 10.64 kg), maximum pull-ups (18.87 ± 5.05), sit-ups in 60 s (46.60 ± 4.22), peak power in the countermovement jump (3908.04 ± 423.68 W), VO2max with a shuttle run test (47.70 ± 4.79 ml kg-1·min-1), and time in the Workout of the Day (WOD) “Fran” (337.13 ± 119.19 s) and “Donkey Kong” (417.47 ± 98.44 s) components. Principal component analysis was conducted to classify variables and to select those most related to each new component (“strength and muscle mass”, “adiposity” and “aerobic capacity”). The correlation matrix was analysed, indicating significant correlations between “Donkey Kong” and VO2max (r = -.675; p “ .01), suprailiac skinfold (r = .713; p “ .01) and sit-ups (r = -.563; p “ .05); and between “Fran” and squat (r = -.528; p “ .05). Three important components characterizing CrossFit® competitors were identified: “strength and muscle mass”, low “adiposity” and “aerobic capacity”. Significant relationships between morphofunctional variables and Crossfit® performance were found in Crossfit® competitors.
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Brüggemann, Gert-Peter, Michael Morlock, and Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky. "Analysis of the Bobsled and Men’s Luge Events at the XVII Olympic Winter Games in Lillehammer." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 13, no. 1 (February 1997): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.13.1.98.
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Performance in bobsled and luge events is influenced by several environmental, material/equipment, and team-related factors. This study concentrated on the influences of equipment and athlete on overall performance and compared the luge, 2-man bobsled, and 4-man bobsled competitions at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympic Games. Start time and overall acceleration in the analyzed straight section showed significant correlations with the final time. It was concluded that for the top teams in bobsled and luge, fast start time and high speed at the end of the start section were prerequisites for an excellent overall performance. Driving capacities in the most difficult sections of the track were more statistically important among the top 15 competitors, especially in the luge. The influence of the runners could not be identified in either bobsled or luge competitions.
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Ram, Jiwat, and Changyu Zhang. "Examining the Role of Social Media Analytics in Providing Competitive Intelligence." Journal of Global Information Management 29, no. 6 (November 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.20211101.oa15.
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This study examines the role of social media analytics (SMA) in providing competitive intelligence (CI). Building on CI theory, the data from qualitative semi-structured interviews with respondents belonging to social media, manufacturing, telecommunication, IT and service industries were analyzed using Nvivo coding and matrix queries. The results show that SMA provides an expanded CI beyond the previous limits of customers/markets and competitors, including insights on supply chains, costs and information-flow. Moreover, SMA-driven CI can provide visibility to supply chain uncertainties enabling improvements in demand planning and inventory management. SMA can provide CI about competitors’ strengths and weaknesses and customers’ dynamics; however, the bi-directional nature of CI could be determinantal if SM-linked customers are not educated/kept informed. Matrix query results illuminate the differences/similarities in respondents’ views. Academically, the study shows that SMA provides expanded CI to businesses beyond previously known scope of competitor analysis.
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Snyder, Amanda L., Cay Anderson-Hanley, and Paul J. Arciero. "Virtual and Live Social Facilitation While Exergaming: Competitiveness Moderates Exercise Intensity." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 34, no. 2 (April 2012): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.2.252.
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Grounded in social facilitation theory, this study compared the impact on exercise intensity of a virtual versus a live competitor, when riding a virtual reality-enhanced stationary bike (“cybercycle”). It was hypothesized that competitiveness would moderate effects. Twenty-three female college students were exposed to three conditions on a cybercycle: solo training, virtual competitor, and live competitor. After training without a competitor (solo condition for familiarization with equipment), participants competed against a virtual avatar or live rider (random order of presentation). A repeated-measures analysis revealed a significant condition (virtual/live) by competitiveness (high/low) interaction for exercise intensity (watts). More competitive participants exhibited significantly greater exercise intensity when competing against a live versus virtual competitor. The implication is that live competitors can have an added social facilitation effect and influence exercise intensity, although competitiveness moderates this effect.
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Arfi, Yonathan, Anthony Levasseur, and Eric Record. "Differential Gene Expression in Pycnoporus coccineus during Interspecific Mycelial Interactions with Different Competitors." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 21 (August 23, 2013): 6626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02316-13.
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ABSTRACTFungi compete against each other for environmental resources. These interspecific combative interactions encompass a wide range of mechanisms. In this study, we highlight the ability of the white-rot fungusPycnoporus coccineusto quickly overgrow or replace a wide range of competitor fungi, including the gray-mold fungusBotrytis cinereaand the brown-rot fungusConiophora puteana. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms deployed byP. coccineusto compete against other fungi and to assess whether common pathways are used to interact with different competitors, differential gene expression inP. coccineusduring cocultivation was assessed by transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of a set of 15 representative genes. Compared with the pure culture, 1,343 transcripts were differentially expressed in the interaction withC. puteanaand 4,253 were differentially expressed in the interaction withB. cinerea, but only 197 transcripts were overexpressed in both interactions. Overall, the results suggest that a broad array of functions is necessary forP. coccineusto replace its competitors and that different responses are elicited by the two competitors, although a portion of the mechanism is common to both. However, the functions elicited by the expression of specific transcripts appear to converge toward a limited set of roles, including detoxification of secondary metabolites.
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Maheshwari, Vaibhav, Xia Tao, Stephan Thijssen, and Peter Kotanko. "Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Using Binding Competitors in Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review." Toxins 13, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090622.
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Removal of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) during conventional dialysis is insufficient. PBUTs are associated with comorbidities and mortality in dialysis patients. Albumin is the primary carrier for PBUTs and only a small free fraction of PBUTs are dialyzable. In the past, we proposed a novel method where a binding competitor is infused upstream of a dialyzer into an extracorporeal circuit. The competitor competes with PBUTs for their binding sites on albumin and increases the free PBUT fraction. Essentially, binding competitor-augmented hemodialysis is a reactive membrane separation technique and is a paradigm shift from conventional dialysis therapies. The proposed method has been tested in silico, ex vivo, and in vivo, and has proven to be very effective in all scenarios. In an ex vivo study and a proof-of-concept clinical study with 18 patients, ibuprofen was used as a binding competitor; however, chronic ibuprofen infusion may affect residual kidney function. Binding competition with free fatty acids significantly improved PBUT removal in pre-clinical rat models. Based on in silico analysis, tryptophan can also be used as a binding competitor; importantly, fatty acids or tryptophan may have salutary effects in HD patients. More chemoinformatics research, pre-clinical, and clinical studies are required to identify ideal binding competitors before routine clinical use.
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Pletzer, Jan Luca, Daniel Balliet, Jeff Joireman, D. Michael Kuhlman, Sven C. Voelpel, Paul A. M. Van Lange, and Mitja Back. "Social Value Orientation, Expectations, and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas: A Meta–Analysis." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 1 (January 2018): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2139.
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Interdependent situations are pervasive in human life. In these situations, it is essential to form expectations about the others’ behaviour to adapt one's own behaviour to increase mutual outcomes and avoid exploitation. Social value orientation, which describes the dispositional weights individuals attach to their own and to another person's outcome, predicts these expectations of cooperation in social dilemmas—an interdependent situation involving a conflict of interests. Yet, scientific evidence is inconclusive about the exact differences in expectations between prosocials, individualists, and competitors. The present meta–analytic results show that, relative to proselfs (individualists and competitors), prosocials expect more cooperation from others in social dilemmas, whereas individualists and competitors do not significantly differ in their expectations. The importance of these expectations in the decision process is further highlighted by the finding that they partially mediate the well–established relation between social value orientation and cooperative behaviour in social dilemmas. In fact, even proselfs are more likely to cooperate when they expect their partner to cooperate. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology
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M. Mampana, Kgwadi, Solly M. Seeletse, and Enoch M. Sithole. "Optimized consortium formation through cluster analysis." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(1).2016.13.
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Some problems cannot be solved optimally and compromises become necessary. In some cases obtaining an optimal solution may require combining algorithms and iterations. This often occurs when the problem is complex and a single procedure does not reach optimality. This paper shows a conglomerate of algorithms iterated in tasks to form an optimal consortium using cluster analysis. Hierarchical methods and distance measures lead the process. Few companies are desirable in optimal consortium formation. However, this study shows that optimization cannot be predetermined based on a specific fixed number of companies. The experiential exercise forms an optimal consortium of four companies from six shortlisted competitors
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de Vries, Jan, and Hendrik Spruyt. "The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no. 3 (1997): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205921.
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Jóna, György. "A Hungarian and Ukrainian Competitors’ Network: A Spatial Network Analysis Perspective." Urban Science 2, no. 4 (September 25, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2040099.
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In this paper, the spatial dimensions of a transboundary, coopetitive (coopetition: cooperation of rivals) network, established by restaurant owners, are scrutinized empirically by applying advanced toolkits of spatial network analysis (SpNA). The paper emphasizes that the coopetitive network has geographical extensions, and on the other hand, interactions between vertices generate network space. The new type of economic network could thus be analyzed by SpNA to understand the spatial characteristics of a rivals’ network at transboundary level. The paper may be referred to as cutting-edge research, because on one hand, it dissects a new type of economic network (coopetitive networks) and on the other hand, a new method is utilized (SpNA) to study the geographical parameters of inter-firm relationships. This approach emerges as a novel method. As a result, the paper provides significant, fruitful and new findings in both network science and urban economics as well. By employing metrics of SpNA, the main spatial traits of the coopetitive network can be mapped, such as the circumference, spatial structure, diameter, spatial density, spatial small world phenomenon, and global connectivity of the network. The results show that the coopetitive network possesses hub-and spoke spatial framework, in which the hub is localized far from the cluster of players. Moreover, the coopetitive interaction does not require face-to-face nexus, because the focal firm communicates with them via IT devices. The coopetitive activities contribute significantly to the urban economic growth. The main agent (the hub) ought to be supported by the regional development policy at the local and inter-urban geographical scale as well.
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Harkleroad, David. "Sustainable growth rate analysis: Evaluating worldwide competitors' ability to grow profitably." Competitive Intelligence Review 4, no. 2-3 (1993): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cir.3880040209.
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Lin, Yi Chuan, Bin Yu, and Sang Bing Tsai. "High-Tech Manufacturing Enterprises’ Competitive Strategies – The Case of Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 3050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.3050.
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In such competitive industry environment, if the companies will obtain continuous profits, they must surpass their competitors and enhance their enterprise competitiveness in order to win further customer orders. As to understand the market competitive conditions, Simultaneous Importance-Performance Analysis (SIPA) is able to provide simultaneous analysis of three fundamental concepts – the importance of the competitive character, the performance and the performance of the competitors. This study is based on the electronic materials manufacturing companies in Taiwan. Fourteen items from Order-winners and Qualifiers Criteria as the character assessment are taken for the case analysis of the company and its competitors’ competitive conditions and strategies.
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Parker, G. A. "Scramble in behaviour and ecology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1403 (November 29, 2000): 1637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0726.
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Nicholson's distinction between ‘scramble’ and ‘contest’ modes of competition has received widespread attention in ecology and in behaviour, though the emphasis has been different between the two disciplines. In ecology the focus has been on the effects on population; in behavioural ecology the focus has been on the consequences at the individual level. This paper reviews and develops a theory of scramble competition at the individual level, deriving a general evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for individual scramble expenditure in a patchy habitat in which individuals compete in local groups for available resources, and examines two population consequences. The critical parameter determining the relationship between individual scramble expenditure and the number of competitors in a patch is the expected resource per capita. If resource input, R , to a patch is constant and independent of the number of competitors, n , then as the number of competitors increases, the per–capita resources declines as R / n , and the ESS scramble level declines (in proportion to ( n −1)/ n 2 ). However, if the resource input to a patch is positively related to the number of competitors in the patch, scramble expenditure may increase with the number of competitors. In the case where the per–capita resource input stays constant (i.e. R ( n ) = Rn ), the scramble level increases with competitor number (in proportion to ( n −1)/ n ). There are plausible ecological reasons why either of these extreme limits may be approached in nature, making it important to ascertain the relationship between R and n before predicting individual scramble expenditure. For example, resource input may be constant when groups of competitors are constrained to remain together in given patches, and constant per–capita resources may be approached when ideal–free foraging rules apply. However, in the latter case, scramble expenditure must be accounted for in determining the idealfree distribution. An analysis shows that this leads to ‘undermatching’, i.e. the ratio of numbers of competitors for good/bad patches becomes progressively less than the ratio of input rates for good/bad patches as the difference between the good and bad patches increases. A second population consequence of the scramble ESS relates to the fact that scrambles may dramatically affect fitness. The per–capita gain in energy can be reduced by a factor of up to 1/ n as a result of scramble expenditure, potentially reducing realized population size to as little as the square root of the maximum potential carrying capacity, though reasons are given why such large reductions are unlikely.
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Wilde, Stephanie, and Susan James Relly. "WorldSkills UK Training Managers: Midas Touch or Fool's Gold?" International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2015): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.2.2.1.
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This article focuses on the role of training managers (TMs) in UK participation in WorldSkills Competitions (WSC). The TM role is outlined, according to the perceptions of the TMs, and there is analysis of the benefits to them of participation, as well as the barriers they face, and the benefits and barriers available to participating further education colleges and employers. The article is based on analysis of semi-structured interviews with almost the full cohort of UK TMs preparing competitors for WorldSkills Brazil 2015, and concludes with reflections on the vision and purposes of UK WorldSkills participation.
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Nurlansa, Osiany, and Handaru Jati. "Analysis Porter’s Five forces Model on Airbnb." Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education) 1, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v1i2.12457.
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This paper discusses about Airbnb. Airbnb is a company website that allows ordinary people to rent their residence as tourist accommodation. Anyone can rent rooms to suit their budget. The company established in 2008, and eight years later by a very rapid growth, the company reaches a turnover of millions of rooms per year. Airbnb analyzed using Porter's Five Forces Model. According to Porter, the competitive nature of the industry could be seen as a combination of top five strengths, namely Rivalry Among Existing Competitors, Threat of New Entrants, Threat of substitude Products or Services, Bargaining Power of Suppliers, Bargaining Power of Buyers. Data were processed using descriptive analysis. Analysis Airbnb terms of Porter's Five Forces Model concluded that from the fifth models of Porter, Rivalry Among Existing Competitors system, Threat of New Entrants, Threat of substitude Products or Services, Bargaining Power of Buyers robust system and one student Bargaining Power of Suppliers found to be very weakKeywords: porter's five forces model, airbnb, ecommerce
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Tálas, Dorisz, and Andrea Rózsa. "Financial competitiveness analysis in the Hungarian dairy industry." Competitiveness Review 25, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 426–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-03-2015-0016.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse time-series change of the competitiveness of leading companies of the sector based on their financial position regarding the period of financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach – First, high level of revenue concentration was proved; consequently, strong competitive situation among few competitors was realised. Corporations having three common features (high amount of equity, high revenue and diversified product structure) were included in the sample. As the methodological background financial parameters were assigned to the definition of corporate competitiveness, and then comparative and comprehensive financial analysis of competitors was accomplished. Using relevant studies, liquidity based on balance sheets and cash flow statements, working capital processes, conventional and cash-flow based profitability were analysed. Findings – It was proved that sample companies continuously improved the efficiency of working capital management indicated by the decrease of the average cash conversion cycle from 45 to 23 days. It was realised that there is a Hungarian-owned firm having outstanding financial performance; consequently, it has significant position among competitors. This company has further opportunity to increase its market share and competitiveness in the future. Finally, important characteristics of the sector were identified concerning the low level of technological improvements (the average ratio was below 3 per cent of the revenue), and unfavourable profitability processes. Originality/value – In this paper, a separate analytic framework is established in view of the application of financial indicators to analyse competitiveness. This kind of analysis was not executed before in this sector.
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Išoraite, Margarita. "BENCHMARKING METHODOLOGY IN A TRANSPORT SECTOR." TRANSPORT 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2004): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2004.9637986.
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The article analyses the following issues: 1) Definitions of benchmarking. Benchmarking as a management tool that has long been succefully used both in the private and public sectors to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of products and processes; 2) Benefits of transport benchmarking. Benchmarking can help transport enterprise to: locate its strengths, pinpoint weaknesses, measure its performance against its competitors, discover what it is possible to achieve; 3) Different types of benchmarking. Different types of benchmarking processes can be distinguished into performance benchmarking, process benchmarking, strategic benchmarking, competitor benchmarking, functional benchmarking, generic benchmarking; 4) Transport benchmarking methodology. The basic transport benchmarking principles ‐ planning, analysis, integration, action and recycle are equally valid for transport policy benchmarking; 5) Key performance indicators in a transport sector.
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Tho, Nguyen Dinh. "Strategic orientations and firm innovativeness: a necessary condition analysis." Baltic Journal of Management 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-07-2018-0280.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to decipher the levels of three strategic orientations – learning orientation, entrepreneurial orientation (proactiveness and risk taking) and marketing orientation (responsiveness to customers, responsiveness to competitors, responsiveness to the macro-environment and business relationship quality) – that are necessary for firm innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a sample of 316 firms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was employed to examine the net effects of seven factors (learning orientation, proactiveness, risk taking, responsiveness to customers, responsiveness to competitors, responsiveness to changes in the macro-environment and business relationship quality) on firm innovativeness. Necessary condition analysis (NCA) was then employed to discover the level of these factors as necessary conditions for firm innovativeness. Findings The results produced by MRA show that learning orientation, proactiveness, responsiveness to customers and responsiveness to competitors have positive effects on firm innovativeness. The results from the NCA reveal that six out of seven conditions exhibit varying necessary levels for firm innovativeness. Practical implications The findings are relevant to senior managers and suggest that the levels of strategic orientations necessary for firm innovativeness vary. Firms therefore should pay attention not only to the net effects (beta weights) but also to their necessary levels. Based on their resources and capabilities, firms should take into account the necessary level of each strategic orientation in order to achieve their innovativeness goal. Originality/value This study is among the first to decipher the levels of three strategic orientations (learning orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and marketing orientation) that are necessary for firm innovativeness.
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Arnold, Benjamin. "The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change.Hendrik Spruyt." Speculum 71, no. 3 (July 1996): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865849.
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