Journal articles: 'Analysis of disagreement'

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Mueller, Mary-Rose, Linda Hill, John Fontanesi, and David Kopald. "Disagreement on Immunization Recommendations: An Analysis of Lay-Clinician Interaction." Journal of Applied Social Science 1, no. 2 (September 2007): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193672440700100206.

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Although the health benefits of vaccines have been well established, immunization rates among adults at risk for complications of viral and bacterial infections falls far short of federal recommendations. Various factors have been attributed to this problem. In this paper we consider an understudied factor, that of clinician-lay interactions on and disagreements over immunizations. We draw on data collected as part of a larger study of vaccine uptake among chronically ill adults. Qualitative methods were used to analyze transcripts of audio recordings of lay-clinician interactions made during health visits of patients eligible for influenza and or pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines. Our analysis revealed that lay expressions of discord over immunization recommendations centered on vaccine delivery, health beliefs, and personal experiences. Strategies used to quell disagreements included posing questions, providing information, and giving advice. Impediments to bringing about agreement over vaccines involved organizational policies and lack of clinician engagement with patient resistance. Settled disagreements resulted in immunization delivery; patients were not immunized under conditions of unresolved disagreement. We suggest that clinicians may wish to remain alert to sources of disagreement and seek to resolve discord in the service of increasing immunization rates and preventing illness in high-risk adults.

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Gius, Evelyn, and Janina Jacke. "The Hermeneutic Profit of Annotation: On Preventing and Fostering Disagreement in Literary Analysis." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 11, no. 2 (October 2017): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2017.0194.

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Interpretation is widely regarded as the core activity of literary studies. Still, the appropriate balance between the plurality and the limitation of possible interpretations is a non-trivial issue. Whereas it is sensible to accept that literary texts can generally have various meanings, it should not be possible to attribute any kind of meaning to a text. Therefore, while interpreters must be allowed to disagree in their analyses, it must at the same time be possible to review whether a disagreement is actually based on adequate reasons like, for example, textual ambiguity or polyvalence. In this paper, we propose a best practice model as one effective means to review disagreement in accordance with literary studies principles. The model has been developed during the collaborative, computer-assisted annotation of literary texts in a project in which short stories have been analyzed narratologically. The examination of inconsistently annotated text passages revealed four types of reasons for disagreement: misinterpretations, deficient definitions of the categories of analysis, dependencies of the relevant categories on preliminary analyses, and textual ambiguity/polyvalence. We argue that only disagreements based on textual ambiguity are considered legitimate or valuable cases of disagreement, whereas the other three types of disagreement can be resolved in a systematic way.

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Zuolo, Federico, and Giulia Bistagnino. "Disagreement, Peerhood, and Compromise." Social Theory and Practice 44, no. 4 (2018): 593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201891848.

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This paper addresses the problem of pluralism in democratic societies, by exploiting some insights from the debate about the epistemology of disagreement. First, by focusing on the permissibility of experiments on nonhuman animals for research purposes, we provide an epistemic analysis of deep normative disagreements. We understand that to mean disagreements in which epistemic peers disagree about both the substantive content of an ethical issue and the correct justificatory reasons for their contrary claims. Second, we argue for a compromise solution in which the reasons for reaching it are not prudential but grounded on the recognition of epistemic peerhood.

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Knipscheer, Kees, and Anton Bevers. "Older Parents and their Middle-Aged Children: Symmetry or Asymmetry in their Relationship." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 4, no. 3 (September 1985): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s071498080001597x.

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ABSTRACTThis study focussed on aspects of the relationship between older parents and their middle aged children. Interviews with 74 parents and with one of their children informed us about topics and perceptions relevant in this intergenerational relationship. Data were analysed in terms of agreements and disagreements between parent and child, and of perceived agreements and disagreements. Four items were selected for closer analysis as they exhibited both a high amount of disagreement and a low amount of perceived disagreement. These findings are discussed in terms of the developmental stake theory, a metaorientation and assymmetry in the parent-child relationship.

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Dovern, Jonas. "A multivariate analysis of forecast disagreement: Confronting models of disagreement with survey data." European Economic Review 80 (November 2015): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.08.009.

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Edward Freeman, R., and Mark E. Haskins. "A step-by-step process for transforming contentious disagreements into creative collaboration." Strategy & Leadership 42, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-03-2014-0020.

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Purpose – The authors propose that “root cause analysis,” coupled with critical thinking, is applicable to understanding and resolving contentious disagreements that arise from time to time within management teams. By subjecting the disagreement to a step-by-step analytical process, a rich array of considerations often surfaces, a more expansive discussion ensues, and the decided course of action is likely to be more wholeheartedly embraced. Design/methodology/approach – The authors demonstrate how leaders can resolve conflicts productively by creating a culture of candor and methodically exploring the root cause underlying critical management team disagreements. They have organized the process into three parts. Findings – When a management team acknowledges and addresses “[…]the disagreement and they start to look for the real issue and separate the symptoms from the causes,” that is when the potential for positive outcomes arises and disagreement recedes. Practical implications – The authors show that a guided, analytical root-cause process for resolving disagreements is a worthy addition to every strategic leader’s tool kit. Originality/value – This step-by-step process is easy for a leaders at all levels to internalize and practice.

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Pallitto, Nahuel. "Desacuerdo entre pares epistémicos en el debate naturaleza-cultura." Principia: an international journal of epistemology 22, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2018v22n3p485.

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Scientific disagreements constitute valuable resources for reflecting on epistemic peer disagreements. In this essay I engage in the debate whether epistemic peers who disagree should be conciliatory or steadfast by examining how scientists actually react in the so called nature-nurture debate. The main conclusion of the analysis is that, when taking into consideration concrete epistemic practices with peers responding to different epistemic perspectives, scientists have good reasons to be steadfast. At the same time, the theoretical conceptualizations of the epistemology of peer disagreement illuminates certain aspects of the nature-nurture debate, such as its long persistence. Therefore, this article contributes both to the debate over the epistemology of disagreement and to the understanding of a never-ending controversy in the life sciences.

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Dr. D. Rajalakshmi and R. Ramya. "Analysis Of Emotional Intelligence Among Kabaddi And Handball Players." GIS Business 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i1.18792.

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Emotional intelligence (EI) describes the ability, capacity, skill or case of the trait EI models, a self- perceived grand ability to identify, assess, manage and control the emotions of one’s self, of others and groups. Different models have been proposed for the definition of EI and disagreement exists as to how the term should be used. Despite these disagreements, which are often highly support in the ability EI and trait but not the mixed models enjoy support in the literature and have successful applications in different domains.

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Tai, Tsui-o., and Janeen Baxter. "Perceptions of Fairness and Housework Disagreement: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 8 (February 19, 2018): 2461–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18758346.

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This article uses data from couples in 29 nations to investigate the associations between household divisions of labor, perceptions of housework fairness, and frequency of housework disagreement. We extend previous studies by hypothesizing that perceptions of fairness mediate the relationship between household division of labor and housework disagreement. We also hypothesize that the association between perceptions of fairness and housework disagreement will be stronger for women than men and will be influenced by both individual characteristics and macro-level context. The results support our hypotheses, showing that individuals’ relative resources and macro-level factors such as the female–male earned income ratio strengthen the relationship between perceptions of fairness and housework disagreement. We conclude that relative economic resources between genders at the micro- and macro-level shape the extent to which subjective perceptions of fairness are associated with housework disagreement.

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Federiuk, Carol S., and Kerth O'Brien. "Sources of Disagreement Among Public and Private Agency Paramedics." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 2 (June 1995): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041789.

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AbstractIntroduction:The purpose of the study was to document the occurrence and causes of disagreements between paramedics in a tiered-response emergency medical services (EMS) system.Methods:This cohort analysis of disagreements between paramedics sampled 63 male public agency, 90 male private agency, and 41 female private agency paramedics. Paramedics responded to Likert-type items and one open-ended item concerning the occurrence of conflict between paramedics.Results:On-scene conflict between EMS personnel from public and private agencies was reported by 70% of the respondents. Conflicts that interfered with patient care were reported to occur more frequently between paramedics from different types of agencies. The most commonly mentioned subject of disagreement was patient treatment, followed by patient transport, interpersonal and interagency conflicts, and patient assessment.Conclusion:A majority of paramedics have experienced on-scene disagreements with other paramedics. Disagreements occur more frequently between paramedics from different agencies and encompass a wide range of issues concerning patient care and interpersonal relationships.

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Fernández-Amaya, Lucía. "Disagreement and (im)politeness in a Spanish family members’ WhatsApp group." Russian Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 1065–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-1065-1087.

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The present paper explores disagreement and impoliteness in a WhatsApp interaction within a Spanish family that took place during the 2018 International Women’s Day. The conversation is linguistically examined using categories of disagreement strategies proposed by previous authors (Pomerantz 1984, Brown and Levinson 1987, Rees-Miller 2000, Locher 2004, Kreutel 2007, Malamed 2010, Shum and Lee 2013). Furthermore, multimodal analysis (Dresner and Herring 2010, 2013, Jewitt 2013, Bourlai and Herring 2014; Herring 2015) is used to consider not only participants’ linguistic strategies for expressing disagreement, but also the function of multimedia elements and emojis (Dresner and Herring 2010, 2013, Yus 2014, 2017, Sampietro 2016a, 2016b, Aull 2019). The analysis is followed by an interview to better understand the participants’ communicative intentions towards disagreements in relation to (im)politeness. A total of 427 instances of disagreement are identified, with the most common strategies being giving opposite opinions and emotional or personal reasons. This is to be expected since the group is divided from the very beginning into detractors and supporters of feminism, and they are also defending their opposite viewpoints by giving examples from their own life experience. Based on the participants’ opinions, the most significant result is the fact that, although disagreement may lead to face-threat, and thus impoliteness in other contexts (Langlotz and Locher 2012, Sifianou 2012, Shum and Lee 2013), in this WhatsApp interaction, the Spanish family members did not consider it to be impolite, and it is even evaluated in positive terms by some of the participants (Angouri and Locher 2012).

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A. Sharqawi, Mushtaq, and Elizabeth M. Anthony. "ANALYZING THE SPEECH ACT OF DISAGREEMENT PRODUCED BY IRAQI EFL LEARNERS: A GENDER STUDY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7213.

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Purpose of study: This is a pragmatic study dealing with the speech act of disagreement at the production level. The aim of the study is to investigate whether gender (the independent variable) affects the production of disagreement strategies (dependent variables) used by Iraqi EFL learners. The study is meant to help educators through diagnosing the learners’ pragmatic abilities which were reported by Iraqi scholars as weak and underdeveloped. The study also intends to enrich the speech act literature which lacks gender consideration in the Iraqi context. Methodology: The study is limited to the analysis of the pragmatic strategies of disagreement within the theory of speech act in relation to gender. The study adopts a descriptive quantitative approach usinga written discourse completion task (WDCT) as a tool for collecting data. The tool consists of 10 open-ended situations to elicit data from80fourth-yearIraqi English as a foreign language (EFL) learners who equally were split into 40 males and 40 females. The study utilized MS Excel 2016 for statistical analysis of directness strategies with their dependent explicitness strategies. Results: It is revealedthat both males and females employ the similar amount of explicit disagreement strategies but as far as the indirect strategies are concerned,females significantly use more indirect disagreement strategies than their male counterparts. Novelty/Originality: The current studyis gender-based deals with the speech act of disagreement at the directness and explicitness levels at the Iraqi EFL learners context. Itreveals the leaners’ current state of affair in terms of their pragmatic ability inthe production of disagreements. It acts as a call for educators and syllabus designers to consider the teachability of the indirectaspect inherent in the act under study.

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Song, Panha. "Disagreement: a speech act analysis and classroom implications." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, no. 6 (October 17, 2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n6.1009.

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Disagreement has been widely regarded as one of the most interesting speech acts in EFL context since the way the speaker expresses her or his opposing view can affect the addressee’s self-image and view of the addressor. This article attempted to identify various strategies native speakers of English realized this speech act through a qualitative method by analyzing two sets of authentic data from two half-hour interviews. Next, it investigated the lack of emphasis on disagreement in EFL materials before offering possible suggestions to equip non-native learners of English with pragmatic competence to disagree effectively. The findings and recommendations had implications for EFL teachers, course designers, and materials developers in how and why speech acts and pragmatic competence should be emphasized in order to ensure that nonnative speakers of English could communicate effectively without being perceived as pragmatically inferior.

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Uzelgun, Mehmet Ali, Dima Mohammed, Marcin Lewiński, and Paula Castro. "Managing disagreement throughyes, but… constructions: An argumentative analysis." Discourse Studies 17, no. 4 (August 2015): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445615578965.

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van Eemeren, Frans H., and Peter Houtlosser. "Managing Disagreement: Rhetorical Analysis Within a Dialectical Framework." Argumentation and Advocacy 37, no. 3 (January 2001): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028533.2001.11951666.

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Hyndman, Kyle. "Disagreement in bargaining: An empirical analysis of OPEC." International Journal of Industrial Organization 26, no. 3 (May 2008): 811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2007.06.003.

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Downing, F. Gerald. "Revelation, Disagreement and Obscurity." Religious Studies 21, no. 2 (June 1985): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500017200.

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‘Revelation’ has not appeared at all frequently in the titles of contributions to this journal (nor, from memory, has it at all often been their unannounced subject matter). On the other hand, neither does it seem to have been formally banished. The term is occasionally used, still, without any obvious sign of unease. Perhaps the majority of contributors have tacitly abandoned it, as incompatible with a broadly phenomenological approach to religions. It is possible to describe expressions of religion (including claims to ‘revelation’) and analyse their doctrinal statements (including assertions that they contain a given knowledge of deity); but to use the term in description or analysis might seem to concede too much. If there is a revealed religion, the others might hardly seem worth describing or dissecting.

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Luke, Dillon M., and Bertram Gawronski. "Political Ideology and Moral Dilemma Judgments: An Analysis Using the CNI Model." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 47, no. 10 (February 22, 2021): 1520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167220987990.

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Many real-world dilemmas involve disagreement about whether decisions should follow moral norms in an unconditional manner ( deontology) or be based on the consequences for the greater good ( utilitarianism). To examine how political ideology may account for some of these disagreements, the current research used a formal modeling approach to investigate the associations between political ideology and (a) sensitivity to consequences, (b) sensitivity to moral norms, and (c) general preference for inaction versus action in responses to moral dilemmas. Across three studies ( N = 996) with samples from the United States (Studies 1 and 3) and the United Kingdom (Study 2), conservatives were less influenced by overall consequences for the greater good in comparison with liberals. Political ideology was not significantly associated with sensitivity to moral norms and general action tendencies. The findings provide more nuanced insights into how political ideology may contribute to disagreements on real-world moral dilemmas.

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Naar, Jill Juris, and Shelbie Turner. "LEISURE, LONGITUDINALLY: PARTNER DISAGREEMENTS ABOUT LEISURE DECREASE OVER THE LIFE COURSE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2557.

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Abstract Leisure is a major context within which older couples interact, and researchers have recently called for more longitudinal data analysis exploring how leisure-related couple interactions change over the life course. Several waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study include a single-item question asking respondents how much they disagree with their spouse or partner about leisure activities. Given the longitudinal nature of MIDUS, the variable offers great utility to explore shifts in leisure-related couple interactions over the life course. Utilizing longitudinal data from Wave 1 (1995-1997), 2 (2004-2006), and 3 (2013-2015) of the MIDUS study, we explored how leisure-related partner disagreement changed with increased age (age range = 20-93). We first ran an unconditional multilevel model, which revealed that 68% of the variation in leisure-related spousal disagreement was attributed to within-person differences over time, justifying our analysis of longitudinal within-person change. An age-based growth curve model then revealed that leisure-related partner disagreements decreased linearly over the life course (Estimate = -0.01, SE = 0.001, p<.0001). Men reported more leisure-related partner disagreements than women at age 20 (p = 0.002). But men’s reported disagreements decreased over the life course at a faster rate than did women’s reported disagreements (p = 0.03), so that from ages 70-93, men reported less disagreements than women. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to explore leisure-related couple disagreements over an extended period of time (20 years). The significance of our results sheds light on the value of longitudinal research on leisure.

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Fasth, Tobias, Aron Larsson, and Maria Kalinina. "Disagreement Constrained Action Selection in Participatory Portfolio Decision Analysis." International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology 7, no. 1 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijimt.2016.7.1.636.

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Tedik Basaran, Semiha, Gunes Karabulut Kurt, Gulay Oke Gunel, Anke Schmeink, Gerd Ascheid, and Guido Dartmann. "The Safety Analysis: Disagreement of Wireless Communication-Based Consensus." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 7, no. 6 (December 2018): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2844162.

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Franci, Alessio, Anastasia Bizyaeva, Shinkyu Park, and Naomi Ehrich Leonard. "Analysis and control of agreement and disagreement opinion cascades." Swarm Intelligence 15, no. 1-2 (May 21, 2021): 47–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11721-021-00190-w.

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Zhang, Huiyu, Junxiang Zhao, and Yicheng Wu. "Disagreement and mitigation in power-asymmetrical venture capital reality TV shows: a comparative case study of Shark Tank in the US and Dragon’s Den in China." Intercultural Pragmatics 18, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2021-2004.

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Abstract This paper examines the relationships among cultural variation, power, disagreement, and mitigation devices. Based on a multi-modal analysis of original data from two TV shows (Shark Tank in the US and Dragon’s Den in China), it is found that investors’ linguistic performance shows greater frequency and variation in both disagreement and its mitigation, influenced by power and politeness. Regarding the role of cultural variation, this study challenges some stereotypical conceptions of culture with the finding that Chinese participants use negation more often than their US counterparts. Meanwhile, Chinese and American participants choose different disagreement-mitigation formats: In the US Shark Tank investors tend to initiate disagreements by enforcing explicitness and entrepreneurs tend to mitigate them by offering explanations, while in the Chinese Dragon’s Den investors tend to utter negations and then mitigate them with qualifiers or alternative statements. Moreover, the American show also contains cases where the pre-set power-asymmetrical relationship changes during the course of presentation, and entrepreneurs with increasing power start to challenge investors by asking them various questions. However, this alteration of power relationships appears to be more difficult in the Chinese context.

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KENYON, TIM. "Peer Idealization and Internal Examples in the Epistemology of Disagreement." Dialogue 59, no. 1 (March 2020): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217319000374.

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The epistemology of disagreement has developed around a highly idealized notion of epistemic peers. The analysis of examples in the literature has somewhat entrenched this idealization, when using cases of extant philosophical disputes between named interlocutors. These examples make it hard to emphasize the ordinary ways in which discussants, as disciplinary colleagues, may be wrong. Overlooking these possibilities is probably made easier by widespread attitudes in philosophy about the importance of genius or raw intelligence in doing philosophy. The use of such internal examples needlessly limits consideration of the full range of epistemically relevant features of disagreements.

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Okem, Ahmad Febrianto, and Ni Ketut Mirahayuni. "APPLYING THE STRATEGIES OF DISAGREEMENT EXPRESSION IN THE MOVIE OF AARON SORKINâ€™S A FEW GOOD MEN." ANAPHORA: Journal of Language, Literary and Cultural Studies 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v1i2.2092.

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This study talks about the forms and strategies of disagreement expressions used by the characters in in Movie Script Aaron Sorkinâ€™s A Few Good Men. The aims of this research are to find out the forms and types of disagreement strategies. The descriptive qualitative was used in this research and the data were the conversation among the characters. The analysis was based on Muntigl and Turnbullâ€™s (1998) for the types of disagreement strategies in disagreement expressionÂ andÂ for theÂ typesÂ ofÂ theÂ form basedÂ on Liuâ€™s (2004). The study involves thirty (30) data taken from drama plays. The study found that (1) disagreement expression can be identified by the form to describe the type of the sentence, they are declarative form involvesÂ twenty three (23) data of disagreement expression which is found in all types of disagreement strategy, (2) Interrogative form involves four (4) data of disagreement expression which is found in challenge and counterclaims strategy. (3) Imperative form involves two (2) data of disagreement expression which is found in challenge strategy (4) Exclamative form involves one (1) data of disagreement expression which is found in contradict strategy. Second, the result of the analysis also shows that there are four types of disagreement strategies usually used by the characters: Irrelevancy Claims involves four (4) data, Challenge involves nine (9) data, Contradict involves nine (9) and Counterclaims involves eight (8) data.

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Huang, Chiungjung. "Cross-Informant Agreement on the Child Behavior Checklist for Youths: A Meta-Analysis." Psychological Reports 120, no. 6 (July 4, 2017): 1096–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294117717733.

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This meta-analysis of 169 studies examines the rank-order and mean-level agreements for the Child Behavior Checklist. The correlations between parents and teachers (.18–.35) and those between teachers and youths (.19–.32) were from small to moderate and generally moderate for those between parents and youths (.33–.40). The mean-level disagreements between parents and youths were small, while those between parents and teachers and those between teachers and youths varied. The rank-order agreement estimates were global, unlike those at mean level. The magnitude of mean-level disagreement was related to youth characteristics, parent characteristics, assessment contexts, and scale measured. Further research is needed on the agreement between teachers and youths, for which relatively few studies have been conducted.

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Patra, Kshiptimayee, Sampreety Gogoi, and Jinamoni Saikia. "Disagreement between Parents and Adolescents for Use of Social Media- A Critical Analysis." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2178.

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Adolescents spend most of their time on social media for which they started ignoring other important activities and interacts less in their real surroundings. They think that social media has given them the opportunity and the platform for improving their social skills, and sharing their creativity. Whereas parents feel that their children are wasting their precious time on social media. As the perceptions of parents and adolescents are different from each other regarding the use of social media, there starts a disagreement between parents and adolescents regarding the use of social media. The present study was an attempt to find out the reasons for disagreement between parents and adolescents for use of social media. By using a multi-stage sampling procedure, a sample of 118 numbers of adolescents and their respective parents, (236 samples) were selected from five schools of the Jorhat block of Assam. A self-constructed questionnaire was prepared to collect the required information from the respondents. The results revealed that there was disagreement in the areas of academic performance and socialization between parents and adolescents for use of social media, while no disagreement was present in the area of health.

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Argaman, Einav. "Signaling equality: On humor and other semiotic resources that serve disagreement and display horizontal hierarchy." Semiotica 2015, no. 205 (June 1, 2015): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0002.

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AbstractThis paper studies the public display of horizontal hierarchies. Drawing on a naturalistic paradigm, audio- and videotaped presentations of college students were investigated. The students presented in class before their peers. Excerpts that comprise disagreement between equals were selected for analysis. The primary assumption was that disagreements can serve as a potential risk to horizontal hierarchies. Hence, they serve as an interesting source for exploring if and how colleagueship is sustained. The analysis shows the use of various verbal and nonverbal semiotic resources (including humor), which display the shift students make between assuming power and signaling equality. The sequential organization of disagreements (detailed in the paper) pertains to the building blocks (i.e., a contest and a retreat from confrontational positions) that comprise horizontal hierarchy. These building blocks are exhibited in different turns and within turn-constructional components.

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Fernández García, Francisco, and Carmen María Sánchez Morillas. "Spanish vs. English disagreement: An analysis of cultural and situational variation." ELUA, no. 35 (May 4, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/elua2021.35.5.

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This paper highlights the results of an intercultural study within the theoretical frame of (im)politeness about the way in which Spanish and English speakers manage situations of disagreement. However, in order not to ignore the internal variation that in each culture exists, cultural contrasts are analysed while simultaneously taking into account situational variation. This study is based upon a questionnaire carried out among 240 informants. Using open questions, both qualitative and quantitative methodology is employed. As regards (im)politeness, the rapport management theory by Spencer-Oatey (2002, 2008) is the model employed for reference. The replies of the informants are analysed regarding their possible reaction to a situation of disagreement in different contextual frames. It is observed whether the speaker does or does not express disagreement, as well as the way it is expressed (mitigated, open or boosted) and the kind of strategies that are employed.

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Vuletic, Milos. "Gradable adjectives and disagreement about personal taste." Theoria, Beograd 59, no. 2 (2016): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1602017v.

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Contextualism and Relativism offer competing semantic accounts of personal taste predicates. I argue in this paper that Michael Glanzberg?s defense of contextualism from one relativist argument-the Lost Disagreement Argument-is not successful. I show that Glanzberg?s scalar analysis of the adjectives from which personal taste predicates are built fails to capture the characteristic subjectivity of these predicates. I propose an alternative analysis according to whicheach personal taste adjective denotes multiple functions from a set of objects to an ordered scale of measurement of the appropriate dimensional property. This analysis succeeds where Glanzberg?s fails and it favors a relativist treatment of personal taste predicates.

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Schaekermann, Mike, Graeme Beaton, Minahz Habib, Andrew Lim, Kate Larson, and Edith Law. "Understanding Expert Disagreement in Medical Data Analysis through Structured Adjudication." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (November 7, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3359178.

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Arima, Yoshiko. "Effect of Group Means on the Probability of Consensus." Psychological Reports 110, no. 2 (April 2012): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/01.11.17.21.pr0.110.2.607-623.

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In this study, groups who could not reach a consensus were investigated using the group polarization paradigm. The purpose was to explore the conditions leading to intragroup disagreement and attitude change following disagreement among 269 participants. Analysis indicated that the probability of consensus was low when the group means differed from the grand mean of the entire sample. When small differences among group members were found, depolarization (reverse direction of polarization) followed disagreement. These results suggested the groups which deviated most from the population tendency were the most likely to cause within-group disagreement, while within-group variances determined the direction of attitude change following disagreement within the group.

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Yang, Yike. "Disagreement Strategies on Chinese Forums: Comparing Data From Hong Kong and Mainland China." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211036879.

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Prior research on disagreement has mainly focused on its negative impact, suggesting that disagreement should be avoided in communication. Consequently, disagreement is rarely studied in computer-mediated communication, particularly in the Chinese context. Adopting the interactional approach, this project pioneers the investigation of disagreement strategies on online forums in Hong Kong and mainland China, in hopes of providing insights into a better understanding of disagreement in the Chinese online context and shedding light on politeness theory in intercultural communication among Chinese people. Two threads on a similar topic were selected, from which 400 comments were collected and annotated for further analysis. Our results showed that, instead of being a face-threatening act, disagreement maintained and enhanced the interlocutors’ face and advanced the communication of information within each thread. Moreover, although the distribution of the five disagreement strategies was similar in the two sites, there were notably more disagreement tokens and negative comments on the Hong Kong forum. The observed divergence has been attributed to the different degrees of collectivism–individualism in the two regions, the internet censorship in mainland China and the nature of the two forums selected, which remain to be confirmed in future studies.

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Latifa, Rena, Abdul Rahman Shaleh, and Melanie Nyhof. "Indonesian Muslims’ Cognitive Pattern on Social Media During Political Disagreements." Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jki.2018.1.1.1-18.

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The 2017 Jakarta governor election had encouraged polarization among Muslims, including among media social users: those who agreed and those who disagreed with voting for Basuki Ahok Tjahaja Purnama since he was prosecuted for allegedly committing blasphemy. This study has examined the cognitive pattern amongst disputants: whether cognitive pattern and religiosity contribute to political disagreements or not. Participants were Indonesia’s Muslim social media users (N=300). Using multiple regression analysis, the findings have demonstrated that analytical thinking produces higher disagreement than holistic thinking. In addition, higher level of religiosity produces higher disagreement.

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Latifa, Rena, Abdul Rahman Shaleh, and Melanie Nyhof. "Indonesian Muslims’ Cognitive Pattern on Social Media During Political Disagreements." Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jki.2018.8.1.1-18.

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The 2017 Jakarta governor election had encouraged polarization among Muslims, including among media social users: those who agreed and those who disagreed with voting for Basuki Ahok Tjahaja Purnama since he was prosecuted for allegedly committing blasphemy. This study has examined the cognitive pattern amongst disputants: whether cognitive pattern and religiosity contribute to political disagreements or not. Participants were Indonesia’s Muslim social media users (N=300). Using multiple regression analysis, the findings have demonstrated that analytical thinking produces higher disagreement than holistic thinking. In addition, higher level of religiosity produces higher disagreement.

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Zhu Hua, Wei, and Diana Boxer. "Strong disagreement in Mandarin and ELFP." Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2013): 194–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlac.1.2.04zhu.

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This paper calls for the integration of first order and second order approaches in (im)politeness studies. Most previous research on the (im)politeness of Chinese speech behavior has been based on researchers’ interpretations and second order investigations. However, this study included a first order approach by examining Chinese participants’ lay conceptualizations of the appropriateness of the strong disagreement behavior that appeared in spontaneous mundane conversations. A close analysis of both the participants’ responses to strong disagreement in ongoing conversations and follow-up interviews revealed that the participants’ strong disagreement was perceived as politic and acceptable within their communities of practice. This challenges the general belief of strong disagreement as impolite and that of Chinese native speakers being indirect in communication. The finding indicates the importance of embracing first order investigation of the conventional views/norms that might cause communication misunderstanding in cross-cultural contact.

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Low, David. "University-Community Engagement: A grid-group analysis." Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 1 (September 29, 2008): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v1i0.445.

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University-community engagement involves complex issues, entangling multiple and interacting points of view, all of which operate in a wider dynamic evolving social environment. For this reason, there is often disagreement about why engagement is necessary or desirable, and whether there is one optimal method to practice it. To address this issue, I argue that university-community engagement can be examined as a form of enquiry. In this view, engagement is viewed as a system that arises through the recognition of the dissent it embodies. As such, enquiry functions to process disagreements into diverse methods of communication. Most of the disagreements utilised by universities are derived from external sources, thus university-based enquiry must necessarily involve a dialogue with a broader community or environment. In this sense, university-community engagement can be viewed most generally as a method that processes disagreements into shared understandings through enquiry. To demonstrate how university-community engagement functions from an enquiry point of view, I use Mary Douglas’ grid-group diagramming method to develop a critical typology for classifying university-community engagement. My modified grid-group diagram provides a structured typological space within which four distinct methods of university-community engagement can be identified and discussed – both in relation to their internal communicational characteristics, and in relation to each other. The university-engagement grid-group diagram is constructed by locating each of Douglas’ four quadrants within Charles Peirce’s four methods of enquiry. Peirce’s work is introduced because each of his four methods of enquiry deals specifically with how disagreements are processed and resolved. When Peirce’s methods for fixing belief are located in Douglas’ grid-group diagram, they create a sense-making framework for university-community engagement. It is argued that the model offers a heuristic structure through which to view the diversity of university-community engagement and create shared understandings of the appropriateness of a wide range of possible engagement methods.

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Koczogh, Helga Vanda. "The Role of Gender in Verbal Disagreement: A Study of Disagreement Strategies Employed by Hungarian Undergraduate Students." Gender Studies 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10320-012-0042-5.

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Abstract The aim of the paper is to present the results of a study on the interplay of gender and disagreement strategies employed by Hungarian undergraduate students. The data for analysis is a corpus of oral face-to-face dyadic interactions; the methodology makes use of both qualitative and quantitative tools and involves identifying disagreement strategies on the basis of previous research as well as patterns emerging from the corpus. The results of the study contradict previous claims that in comparison to men, women disagree less frequently and, when they do disagree, they employ less direct strategies

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Testa, Maria Rita, and Danilo Bolano. "When partners’ disagreement prevents childbearing: A couple-level analysis in Australia." Demographic Research 44 (April 13, 2021): 811–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2021.44.33.

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Özdemir, Esin, and Tuna Tasan-Kok. "Planners’ role in accommodating citizen disagreement: The case of Dutch urban planning." Urban Studies 56, no. 4 (October 25, 2017): 741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017726738.

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Citizen disagreement on urban policies and planning decisions is both ubiquitous and fundamental to democracy. Post-political debates debunk the ‘consensus approach’, which is grounded in Habermasian communication theory, for circumventing disagreement. This article presents a counter argument. Our analysis of the highly institutionalised and consensus-oriented Dutch planning framework shows that this system does not necessarily prevent effective voicing of disagreement. The empirical material demonstrates that consensus is not a pre-defined and static outcome but a dynamic and sensitive process in which urban planning is an instrument. We conclude that planners could facilitate consensus through accommodative roles that address disagreement by taking an adaptive, proactive and more human stance.

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Nauman, Saima. "Relationship of Tolerance for Disagreement with Conflict Management Styles." Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS) 3, no. 2 (January 5, 2018): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32879/pjpbs.2017.3.2.145-164.

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between tolerance for disagreement and conflict management styles. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship between levels of tolerance for disagreement and conflict management style. Another assumption was that there would be a significant difference between tolerance for disagreement of males and females. The sample comprised of 170 employed young adults within the age range of 19 to 40 years out of which 54.71 % were males and 45.29% were females. Convenience sampling was used to obtain the data from employees that fulfilled the criteria. Responses were recorded through online form and manually on paper. Measures used to assess the participants were following: consent form, demographic form, Tolerance for disagreement Scale and Rahim’s organizational conflict inventory-II. Statistical analysis through Chi-square test of association revealed that tolerance for disagreement was significantly associated with collaborating, accommodating and avoiding style of conflict management. Independent samples t- test showed that males had a higher tolerance for disagreement than women. Implications for organizational settings have been discussed.

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Bratic, G., D. Oxoli, and M. A. Brovelli. "INTER-COMPARISON OF THE GLOBAL LAND COVER MAPS IN AFRICA SUPPLEMENTED BY SPATIAL ASSOCIATION OF ERRORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W14 (August 23, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019.

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Abstract. Recent advances in Earth Observations supported development of high-resolution land cover (LC) maps on a large-scale. This is an important step forward, especially for developing countries, which experienced problems in the past due to absence of reliable LC information. Nevertheless, increasing number of LC products is imposing additional validation workload to confirm their quality. In this paper inter-comparison of two recent LC products (GlobeLand30 and S2 prototype LC 20m map of Africa) for country of Rwanda in Africa was done. It is a way to facilitate validation by identifying the areas with higher probability of error. Specific approach of comparison of single pixel of one map with multiple pixels of another map provided confusion matrix and sub-pixel agreement table. In this work, accuracy indexes based on the confusion matrix were computed as a measure of similarity between the two maps. Furthermore, Moran’s I index was computed for estimation of spatial association of the pixels in disagreement. Also, total disagreement, as well as disagreement of particularly confused classes was visualised to analyse their spatial distribution. The results are showing that similarity of the two maps is about 66%. Disagreements are spatially associated and the most evident in the eastern and north-western part of the area of interest. This coincides also with the distribution of the two most confused classes Wetland and Shrubland. The results delineate areas of inconsistency between the two maps, and therefore areas where careful accuracy analysis are needed.

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Plunkett, David, and Timothy Sundell. "DWORKIN'S INTERPRETIVISM AND THE PRAGMATICS OF LEGAL DISPUTES." Legal Theory 19, no. 3 (September 2013): 242–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325213000165.

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One of Ronald Dworkin's most distinctive claims in legal philosophy is thatlawis aninterpretative concept, a special kind of concept whose correct application depends neither on fixed criteria nor on an instance-identifying decision procedure but rather on the normative or evaluative facts that best justify the total set of practices in which that concept is used. The main argument that Dworkin gives for interpretivism about some concept—law, among many others—is a disagreement-based argument. We argue here that Dworkin's disagreement-based argument relies on a mistaken premise about the nature of disagreement. We propose an alternative analysis of the type of dispute—what we call “seeming variation cases”—that Dworkin uses to motivate the idea of interpretative concepts. We begin by observing that genuine disagreements can be expressed via a range of linguistic mechanisms, many of which do not require that speakers literally assert and deny one and the same proposition. We focus in particular on what we call “metalinguistic negotiations,” disputes in which speakers do not express the same concepts by their words but rather negotiate how words should be used and thereby negotiate which of a range of competing concepts should be used in that context. We claim that this view has quite general theoretical advantages over Dworkin's interpretivism about seeming variation cases and about the relevant class of legal disputes in particular. This paper thus has two interlocking goals: (1) to undermine one of Dworkin's core arguments for interpretivism, and (2) to provide the foundations for a noninterpretivist alternative account of an important class of legal disputes.

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Hoang, Thi Hanh, and Juliana De Nooy. "Direct disagreement in Vietnamese students’ EFL group work discussion." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 42, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.17032.hoa.

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Abstract Disagreement has been traditionally viewed as a dispreferred response, which speakers tend to avoid or mitigate due to its presumed face threatening effects. However, more recent studies argue that disagreement is not inherently dispreferred or marked, but needs to be contextualized. This article examines the interactions of Vietnamese EFL students in the context of a collaborative task in English. Somewhat surprisingly, given the common portrayal of the Vietnamese as favoring indirect communication, it finds a high incidence of direct disagreement, characterized by the use of ‘no’. The study explores how direct ‘no’ is used in disagreement and the impact it has on the sequence of the interaction as well as the harmony of the group. In the majority of cases, and in contrast with the stated beliefs of the participants regarding disagreement, almost none of the direct uses of ‘no’ have negative consequences on the interaction. The analysis of instances of ‘no’ that impact negatively on the interaction suggests contextually interactional rules underlying its appropriate use. Group work in EFL among Vietnamese students, therefore, is another context in which disagreement is expected and does not necessarily detract from the harmony of the group.

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Myers, Greg. "Displaying opinions: Topics and disagreement in focus groups." Language in Society 27, no. 1 (March 1998): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019734.

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ABSTRACTFocus group discussions are now widely used for gathering data, in social science as well as in commercial marketing and public opinion research. One appeal of focus groups is that in some ways they seem like everyday talk, but their effectiveness depends on a tension between the moderator's constraints and participants' interaction. The moderator introduces and defines topics, but participants can shift, close, and interpret them. The moderator elicits disagreement in a way specific to focus groups, but participants manage their disagreement. Thus we see not simple control by the moderator, but a complex collaborative project operating under the shared assumption that the purpose of the discussion is to display opinions to the moderator. These findings extend the analysis of conversation in institutional settings and contribute to a methodological critique of the reification of attitudes and opinions in some social science research. (Focus group techniques, conversation, discourse analysis, interaction, agreement, topic, laughter, environment.)

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Maynou, Laia, and John Cairns. "Disagreement on cancer drug decisions in Europe." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 3 (June 2020): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646232000032x.

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ObjectivesDespite the efforts of the European Union (EU) to promote voluntary cooperation among Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies, different reimbursement decisions for the same drug are made across European countries. The aim of this paper is to compare the agreement of cancer drug reimbursement decisions using inter-rater reliability measures.MethodsThis study is based on primary data on 161 cancer drug reimbursement decisions from nine European countries from 2002 to 2014. To achieve our goal, we use two measures to analyze agreement, in other words, congruency: (i) percentage of agreement and (ii) the κ score.ResultsOne main conclusion can be drawn from the analysis. There is a weak to medium agreement among cancer drug decisions in the European countries analyzed (based on the percentage of agreement and the κ score). England and Scotland show the highest consistency between the two measures, showing a medium agreement. These results are in line with previous literature on the congruency of HTA decisions.ConclusionsThis paper contributes to the HTA literature, by highlighting the extent of weak to medium agreement among cancer decisions in Europe.

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Alonso-Benito, Alfonso, Lara A. Arroyo, Manuel Arbelo, Pedro Hernández-Leal, and Alejandro González-Calvo. "Pixel and object-based classification approaches for mapping forest fuel types in Tenerife Island from ASTER data." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 3 (2013): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11068.

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Four classification algorithms have been assessed and compared with mapped forest fuel types from Terra-ASTER sensor images in a representative area of Tenerife Island (Canary Islands, Spain). A BEHAVE fuel-type map from 2002, together with field data also obtained in 2002 during the Third Spanish National Forest Inventory, was used as reference data. The BEHAVE fuel types of the reference dataset were first converted into the Fire Behaviour Fuel Types described by Scott and Burgan, taking into account the vegetation of the study area. Then, three pixel-based algorithms (Maximum Likelihood, Neural Network and Support Vector Machine) and an Object-Based Image Analysis were applied to classify the Scott and Burgan fire behaviour fuel types from an ASTER image from 3 March 2003. The performance of the algorithms tested was assessed and compared in terms of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement. Within the pixel-based classifications, the best results were obtained from the Support Vector Machine algorithm, which showed an overall accuracy of 83%; 14% of disagreement was due to allocation and 3% to quantity disagreement. The Object-Based Image Analysis approach produced the most accurate maps, with an overall accuracy of 95%; 4% disagreement was due to allocation and 1% to quantity disagreement. The object-based classification achieved thus an overall accuracy of 12% above the best results obtained for the pixel-based algorithms tested. The incorporation of context information to the object-based classification allowed better identification of fuel types with similar spectral behaviour.

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Farashaiyan, Atieh, and Paramasivam Muthusamy. "A Descriptive Analysis of Disagreement Strategies: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 5 (October 31, 2016): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i5.10254.

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The purpose of this research was to describe the L2 pragmatic knowledge of Iranian EFL learners by producing the speech act of disagreement in English in different situations. One hundred and twenty Iranian EFL learners took part in this study. The required data were accumulated through a Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT). The results showed that most participants tended to make use of more indirect strategies (44.85%) to disagree with another speaker’s statement either with higher or lower power or within different social distance. The respondents’ most frequent strategy use refers to counterclaims with 44.8%. On the other hand, challenges with 8.8% and Irrelevancy of claims with 3.2% were respectively among the least frequent strategies used in all situations. The results showed that learners almost utilized the same strategies in different disagreement situations with the same frequency. Therefore, it indicates that they did not notice the situational variables of social power, distance and imposition to vary their choice of strategy. In other words, they did not have the contextual understanding of the mentioned factors. Therefore, the results can suggest that the learners lack sufficient pragmatic knowledge in performing the studied speech act. The implication of this study is for Iranian language instructors, materials writers and curriculum developers.

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Deputatova, Natal’ya Anatol’evna, and Liya Faridovna Shangaraeva. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISAGREEMENT EXPRESSION MEANS IN THE ENGLISH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 2 (February 2019): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.2.28.

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Goodman, M., N. K. Steenland, M. L. Almon, J. S. Liff, C. K. Dilorio, S. O. Butler, D. U. Ekwueme, et al. "Prostate cancer treatment ascertained from several sources: analysis of disagreement and error." Annals of Oncology 23, no. 1 (January 2012): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr040.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Analysis of disagreement'

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