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Lahlali, El Mustapha. "Morroccan classroom discourse and critical discourse analysis : the impact of social and cultural practice." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/451/.
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The aim of this study is to display the important contribution which a critical analysis makes to our understanding of students/teachers relationship through the analysis of their discursive practices. The work focuses specifically on interaction within Moroccan classrooms at the secondary school level, involving students aged between 12-14 years old. The data source consists of transcripts of audio-recordings of classroom lessons in which both teachers and students are engaged in the interaction, which is supplemented by interviews with teachers. In order to examine power relations between teachers and students, this research presents a detailed analysis of the linguistic features used by teachers. Such discourse features are IRF patterns, modality, politeness, Q/A and interruption. Although the analysis of the discoursal features of such interactions is of interest, it alone does not explain the nature of the relationship between pupils/ teachers. For this to be achieved, one may go further to conduct a structured interview analysis to explain such relations and establish a dialectic relationship between institutional practice and social practice (Fairclough 1992b). The effects which are traceable in the discourse of participants are not only related to the teacher/student relationship but also reflect the social order of which the educational institution is a part. The social order has impact on the educational institution which in turn affects the student/teacher relationship. This relationship in turn confirms the social order (Candlin 1997). The research provides a detailed analysis of the discursive practice and describes specific ways in which teachers dominate students' interaction. It traces teachers' control and dominance of the classroom practices to the overwhelming social beliefs of the participants. It concludes that specific social practices on the part of students and teachers produce particular discourse practices in the classroom. These discourse practices hinder the ongoing interaction. Both students' and teachers', assumptions and social beliefs of the classroom practices contribute to creating an atmosphere of control and dominance in the classroom. This research provides suggestions to overcome this crisis. It believes that a change in the classroom practice requires a change in the social practice and vice versa.
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Goddard, Sharon. "Speaking the subject : a discourse analysis of undergraduate seminar practice." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49361/.
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This dissertation explores talk in an undergraduate seminar context. Research design was informed by an interpretive, ethnomethodological approach to understanding talk as a situated activity. A series of <i>student-led seminars</i> were audio recorded; students and staff were interviewed and post-seminar group debriefing sessions were held. The data was subsequently transcribed and analysed using a functional systemic linguistics and discourse analysis approach. Analysis identified structural and linguistic elements of seminar talk and links between language, identity, power and status was explored through an analysis of the discursive processes at work in the seminar events. An heuristic model of the seminar as a socio-pedagogic space, a site of hegemonic struggle, was used to aid concept development. A number of issues emerged within an interpretative framework of the cognitive, interpersonal and textual elements of seminar talk. In the analysis of the textual meta-function of seminars, how complexity is achieved and how conversational moves are patterned, seminars appear to constitute a hybrid talk variety, a highly unusual textual form in which participants need to learn how to participate. Tensions were found between the social and the cognitive elements of seminars. Student participants tend to use the seminar to achieve social effects, identifying and maintaining interpersonal relationships. The collaborative discourse strategies they employ constrain other opportunities for achieving educational outcomes. The learning which does take place is more likely to be related to personal and skills development than to learning about the academic subject. Students deployed a range of heteroglossic discursive strategies to practice their skills in forming ideas, marshalling evidence and constructing argument. The discursive practices of seminar events foreground tensions between socially situated identities. The research identifies a number of areas for improving practice including: enhanced specification of seminar processes and outcomes; embedding opportunities for preparation and critical reflection; teaching the subject of communication and foregrounding understandings of the discursive practices at work in seminars so as to empower individual learners.
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Gravets, Oksana. "Bereavement practitionersd accounts of grief in clinical practice a discourse analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536615.
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Wagg, Catherine Anne, and cathy wagg@rmit edu au. "Finding meaning: differentiating the multiple discourses of the Potter farmland plan." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091112.121423.
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This study explores the meanings that people attributed to their involvement in a participatory on-farm practice change project. Three techniques of discourse analysis were used. The first two identify the diversity among narratives of the participants and explores the origin of these differences. The third technique examined differences and tensions within and across the narratives to identify the discourses that were operating. Participation was found to be mediated through discourse as agents created and reproduced some discourses through their many social acts. For example, some participants recalled incidences of feeling excluded when they presented an alternative understanding of the project. As a result, these people tended to reduced their involvement rather than explore the differences. The project's discourses therefore routinised the participatory experience and tended to lock the narrative in time despite over two decades of rapid social change. Thi s meant the project discourse mediated a favoured type of participation, one that met a symbolic character rather than the particular farming practices it promoted. The discourses reveal different patterns of sense making among participants involved in the same event. Uneven participation is comprehended from the multiple patterns as a consequence of the participants' discursive practices. Articulating differences in discursive design will assist to create conditions useful for an authentic communication among participants engaged in change programs.
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Solty, Lara. "Between Discourse and Practice : A Critical Analysis of the EU Migration Regime." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43329.
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This thesis investigates how migration is framed in the public discourse of the European Union (EU) and in how far the discourse corresponds with the EU’s actions in the Mediterranean. A content analysis and critical discourse analysis of speeches and policy documents produced by the EU, identify that the discourse on migration is heavily focused on externalization and depoliticization. Migration is presented as a state of exception which allows for extraordinary measures. Biopolitics and Thanatopolitics are used as theoretical frameworks to argue that irregular migrants are places in a zone of indistinction and thus become bare life. While the EU emphasizes high human rights standards in its discourse, it fails to live up to these standards as illustrated by the EU’s alleged involvement in human rights violations in the Mediterranean.
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Collins, Farrah. "Notions of 'difference' in counselling psychology : a discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/notions-of-difference-in-counselling-psychology(e1978762-0e73-4e6c-bf99-fc14b8036dd0).html.
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This thesis critiques and describes the prevalent discourses regarding notions of 'difference' in counselling psychologist's talk. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants and were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed. Participants were asked to speak about notions of 'difference' in their counselling psychology practice. Transcripts were then coded and analysed using a critical discursive psychological approach which looked for prevalent interpretive repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. This critical discursive psychology approach seeks to employ a twin focus of discourse analysis, attending to both the micro and macro levels of interactions and constructions. The prevalent discourses were described and critiqued by the researcher. Analysis of transcripts provided a rich range of possible constructions of 'difference' and were then grouped into headings and subheadings and presented to the reader. These notions of 'difference' are explored in relation to counselling psychology practice and the impact that they may have on therapeutic relationships. Interpretive repertoires included constructions of where 'differences' originate, how dimensions of 'difference' were constructed, positive and negative constructions of 'difference', 'difference' in relation to notions of power and prejudice and finally professional discourses on 'difference'. This thesis addresses how important it is for counselling psychologist's to analyse the discourses and constructions available to them so that their clients' are facilitated in the therapeutic encounter and so that practitioners' constructions of 'difference' do not hinder therapy. This study contributes to highlighting the need for counselling psychology's continued commitment to anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practices.
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Marthinus, Leilani. "Semiotic remediation and resemiotisation as discourse practice in Isidingo: a multi-semiotic analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4658.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>The problem explored relates to the dearth in studies exploring semiotic resources other than language in the study of mediated discourses in the media; public broadcasting in particular. Gilje (2010) laments that although manipulation of different genres and modalities has accelerated in the production of movies, documentaries and soapies due to developments in media technologies, there have been very few studies on the subject. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the Isidingo producers use new technologies and editing tools to merge and/or manipulate different semiotic material in the production of Isidingo. I investigated how different stories and narratives are infused into the storylines and how the producers are re-figuring socio-cultural-histories as semiotic resources in the production of Isidingo. This involved a determination of how storylines and other semiotic resources are transformed in Isidingo for aesthetic and communicative effect. The idea was to explore the socio-historical trajectory as semiotic material in time and space. In addition, I explored how the producers draw on and manipulate different genres (e.g. politics, advertisements, legal drama) which are often infused in the storylines in the production of the soap opera. The focus here was on the blurring of generic boundaries as Isidingo producers’ use of multiple genres within the soap opera for aesthetic and communicative effect. I also explored how local and international topical issues are re-contextualised, intertextualised and resemiotised in the local Isidingo storylines. The idea was to do a multi-semiotic analysis of Isidingo as a soap opera, focusing on the reproduction of semiotic material. This entailed an ethnographic approach to data collection and analysis, which included nine randomly selected aired episodes of the soap opera. I found that this soap opera heavily depends on societal discourses such as sociocultural- histories, language-in-use and popular culture as its resource for composing believable plotlines. These everyday discourses are strategically used by the producers to recreate reality into the fictional world by demonstrating semiotic remediation and resemiotisation as discourse practices. I conclude that the producers recycle issues from the real world and recontextualise them into the fictional world in order to evoke viewer involvement (transparent immediacy) and to infuse multiple media (hypermediacy) for extended meanings. In addition to this, technology such as gadgetry, social networks and software are reconstructed in order to subliminally advertise these products to the viewers. I also conclude that the producers of Isidingo treat language in the soap opera as social practice. This makes it possible for the producers to create characters with multiple identities to depict different social roles and voices. By bringing in real life aspects, the soap opera serves as both fiction and reality.
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Rönnbäck, Calle, and Niklas Johansson. "200 hamburgare = minus 34 kilo : En kritisk diskursanalys av den kroppsliga hälsans konstruktion i svensk skriven nyhetsmedia." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11505.
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Den här studien är en kritisk diskursanalys av ämnet kroppslig hälsa i skriftlig media. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur fenomenet kroppslig hälsa framställs i skriftlig media genom språket och dess användning. Analysmodellen vi använt oss av är formulerad av Norman Fairclough och det datamaterial vi använt oss av är av empirisk karaktär och insamlat från svensk skriven media i form av både rikstäckande press och lokalpress. I studien finns även ett avsnitt där vi presenterar tidigare forskning inom ämnet hälsa och diskursanalys. Forskningen presenteras genom fem teman: biopolitik, livsstil, individens ansvar, klass och könsskillnad utifrån ett hälsoperspektiv samt experthjälp. Den teori vi utgått ifrån för studien är främst den för den kritiska diskursanalysen, vi har även använt oss av Foucaults biopolitik vilken främst ges uttryck i diskussionsdelen. Resultatet för studien presenteras i två delar utifrån Fairclouchs analysmodell; text samt diskursiv praktik. Resultatet redogör vi för med en rad olika teman vi formulerat utifrån den analys som gjorts. De teman som vi formulerat är: hotspråk, den stratifierade hälsan, anvisningar & imperativ, superlativ, vetenskapligt språk och den reella exemplifieringen (del ett). De huvudsakliga diskurser vi funnit i materialet är: den ohälsosamma diskursen, den hälsosamma diskursen, den vetenskapliga diskursen samt den utbildande diskursen (del två).
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Ryan, Lucy. "Counselling psychologists' talk of 'authenticity' : exploring the implications of 'authenticity' discourse for ethical practice." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/counselling-psychologists-talk-of-authenticity-exploring-the-implications-of-authenticity-discourse-for-ethical-practice(ecccff77-190f-4c46-96e5-9eaebc2da074).html.
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This research explores how ‘authenticity’ is constructed in counselling psychology and asks what the ethical implications of this commonly taken-for-granted value might be. A discourse analytic approach known as ‘critical discursive psychology’ was used to examine eight counselling psychologists’ talk of ‘authenticity’ in semi-structured interviews. The analysis suggested that counselling psychologists may draw on a number of interpretative repertoires regarding ‘authenticity’, using them to establish their identity and negotiate their relationships with clients. However, taken together these repertoires might be said to form an ‘authenticity ideal’, which often functions to position the therapist as authentic and the client as inauthentic. Furthermore, in drawing upon various psychotherapeutic and humanistic discourses, the participants in this study appeared to be distanced from their power in positioning clients as inauthentic, although they demonstrated a problematizing of their own ‘authenticity’ in relation to the need for professional boundaries. This research suggests that talk of ‘authenticity’ tends to locate therapeutic action within a humanistic moral discourse of self-unity. This is of concern because the emphasis on individualism may lead therapists to underestimate the social and relational context of their clients’ difficulties. It should be noted that this critique falls not on the individuals involved in this research, for their answers were consistent with a range of accepted theoretical guidelines; but instead upon the reification of authenticity within counselling psychology and Western society in general. The participants in this study further problematized ‘authenticity’ in terms of needing to balance it with the demands of training and employment organisations. It was found that ii both institutional power and individual embodiment may act as ‘extra-discursive’ influences and constraints upon ‘authenticity’ discourse; however, the methodological feasibility of a critical-realist epistemology within discursive research is questioned. The limitations of the research findings and their relevance for reflexive practice are considered.
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Hjalmarson, Linnea, and Magdalena Högberg. "Circular Migration between Senegal and the EU? : a Discourse Analysis of Migration Practice(s)." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19603.
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<p>This thesis investigates the preconditions for a new type of migration among the highly skilled between Senegal and the EU, namely <em>circular migration</em>. The three most prominent actors in the shaping of the future migration pattern –the EU (administration), the Senegalese government and the future highly skilled migrants i.e. Senegalese university students –are studied by a combination of <em>social constructivism</em> and <em>critical discourse analysis</em>. The discourses are derived from official EU and Senegalese documents and from a survey as well as from semi-structured interviews with students at the two largest universities in Senegal. The analysis of the discourses shows three factors that point towards a change of the migration practice in favour of circular migration: first, an <em>interdiscursivity</em> between the migration, development and economic growth discourses; second, a <em>resemblance</em> between the three actors discourses on migration; and third, a <em>willingness</em> among all three actors to act for a mobility of knowledge and experience. Consequently, there are preconditions for circular migration between Senegal and the EU.</p>
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Robertson, Margaret Elizabeth. "A discourse analysis of the nature of shared decision-making in general practice consultations." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2004. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d9adb44c-38ff-41da-9d68-521c677c7579.
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This study explores the nature of shared decision-making (SDM) in general practice consultations. It has been claimed that patient involvement in their own health and healthcare improves concordance, patient satisfaction and outcomes. Although this approach to treatment decision-making is widely advocated the process of sharing decisions has, to date, been little understood. Cognitivist or intra-psychic assumptions about decision-making have underpinned the traditional methods of investigation into the doctor-patient consultation and as a result interactional dynamics have not taken centre stage. Participants' motivations and emotions have been 'read' as enduring entities rather than as discursive constructions attending to interactional matters. As a consequence most of the work into the medical encounter has tended to be one-sided and addresses only one participant at a time. Thus, one half of the interaction may be neglected. Therefore, only a partial picture of the nature of interaction is provided. In summary therefore, traditional approaches have not considered the medical encounter as a process of joint-production and decision-making as an emergent property of the interaction. In contrast this study adopts a discourse analytic approach that allows for a fine-grained examination of what might be described as the minutiae of the interactional flow and trajectory of consultation. An examination of the content and form of the consultation-as-interaction has been undertaken in order to identify and describe a variety of discursive devices and resources that participants deploy to accomplish particular activities. As a result, the analysis provides an insight into the actual processes of the SDM consultation and how treatment decisions are arrived at. The primary data source was audio-recorded consultations having been initially identified from a questionnaire survey and patient interviews. Three analytic themes that are key aspects of the SDM consultation are examined. These are, the generation of patient involvement using first-person pronouns; the construction of direct, successful and unsuccessful requests from patients; the rhetorical construction of risk and evidence, with attention to the locating of agency. The analytic conclusions illuminate the complexities arising within the medical encounter and highlight problem aspects which impact on the theoretical and philosophical foundations SDM. Notably, SDM does not happen with the ease implied by current models and may work to maintain a biomedical GP as 'expert' approach rather one in which the patient is truly involved in partnership. In short, new information is available on the consultation process. This information has implications for health care practice and communication skills training and existing models of SDM may need to be re-evaluated.
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Haegert, Sandy. "A critical analysis of the concept 'care' in the practice and discourse of nursing." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26596.
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This research sought to answer the question: " What meanings has the nursing profession given to the concept 'caring'"? This was achieved by means of a three-fold approach: interpretive phenomenology combined with linguistic analysis [Wittgenstein's as interpreted by Bowden], and, a conceptual philosophical framework. Narratives, from registered nurses working in hospices and oncology/haematology units, were obtained and analyzed through juxtaposing them with selected theorists, and each other, to construct 'family resemblances' and 'layers of understanding'. Their meanings, obtained by requesting them to draw on memories of being cared-for or caring, resulted in descriptive understandings of their use of the concept 'care'; and, to a relational ethic enabling the construal of a normative ethic: one allegedly embedded in the practice and experience of these practitioners. The findings show it is not possible to give a simple definition to explain the concept 'caring'. The meanings, contained in the collected narratives, reveal strong 'family resemblances' in their usage of the term, verifying the Wittgensteinian observation: that no single meaning, no singular essence captures every cultural, individualized use of the term. The findings pointed to these 'meanings' being 'private' but not in the sense of being 'false'. Within the research one becomes aware that the term 'care' is not an ethical notion. To be ethical care is dependent upon context and responsible attitudes and actions. The discourses comprise the personal 'passion', an ethical ideal, held by most respondents; but, their ideal was not always the caring they were enabled to give. Institutionalized care whether hospice or not fell below the ideal because of socio-economic constraints and concerns. The original thesis question was from O'Malley: "[W]hether in encounter man himself makes his own meaning or is made by the meaning made of and for him ...". This research led to the assertion that the reality of the practice setting shapes the 'public' meaning of caring these practitioners act upon, but, they shape their own 'private' meanings and implement it on a micro level. It is at the macro-level of care/caring that there should also be concern. Although not true of all respondents, a possible reason for this less-than-ideal-type caring is the possibility that in institutions there are nurses who for some reason(s) fail to 'grow' - to develop in a fully integrated way that includes the freedom to exercise one's spirituality and to become morally caring not merely on a micro [one-to-one] basis but on a macro level [whole unit basis].
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Eriksson, [Engvall] Gunilla. "The intelligence discourse : the Swedish military intelligence (MUST) as a producer of knowledge." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-32022.
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The Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Directorate (MUST) is a producer of knowledge, a knowledge that is fundamental for decisionmaking in foreign and security policy. The intelligence knowledge production is often held as objective, value neutral, and with the intention of ‘speaking truth onto power’. However, this study holds that such a perspective on intelligence knowledge production calls for a revision. Hence, the overall purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of knowledge in intelligence analysis and also to investigate how that knowledge is affected by the social context of its production, the military intelligence service. The source material is of three kinds; first texts and documents, second interviews with intelligence analysts and managers, and third observations of seminars and meetings during the production process of estimates. The results are that there is a strong presence of an implicit interpretive framework that continuously influences and guides the knowledge production and thereby makes the knowledge dependent on one specific perspective contrary to the intentional objectivity within the intelligence service. Further, the study reveals that the social and discursive practices for intelligence knowledge production include a ‘logic of appropriateness’ suggesting the presence of a structured Denkkollektiv with a structured Denkstil. The actions and choices of the individuals are transformed to create conformity to the norms within the social discursive practices. Thus, the inherited frame of interpretation, as well as the socialised norm of staying within the existing accepted frames ofthinking and acting ends up to the stability and duration of the not always accurate and fruitful Denkstil. At the core of political science resides the question of how policy is shaped. Even though this study has focused merely on one organisation in a specific policy field in one country it brings insights to the knowledge and policy nexus.
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Proctor, Elspeth. "Talking democracy in Grade 7 : a discourse analysis of SRC practice in a primary school." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7882.
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Bibliography: leaves 111-117.<br>My research set out to clarify to what extent democracy education is an identifiable and teachable concept in Curriculum 2005 and to find pedagogically useful ways of conceptualising and teaching active democratic participation. I chose a two-staged explorative qualitative research framework, informed by the New Literacy Studies and Critical Discourse Analysis, with Grade 7 learners in a primary school. I identified school Student Representative Councils (SRC's) as a potential site for 'democracy education-in-action'.
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Adams, Joanne. "Therapists' constructions of practice in relation to women experiencing orgasm difficulty : a Foucauldian discourse analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5393/.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore how clinicians construct their practice with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm, by adopting a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA). In the first part, a critical review of the literature is presented, which illustrates the socio-historical constructions of female orgasm in relation to three distinct temporal periods; classical, modern and contemporary. The discursive constructions of orgasm within these epochs are considered in relation to research and treatment development. The thesis then presents the analysis which used semi-structured interviews to explore how six clinical psychologists and two psychosexual therapists make sense of the work they do with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm. The transcripts were analysed using a FDA. A critical realist social constructionist epistemological position was adopted in this research to facilitate the exploration of the constructed nature of orgasm, both at the local level of the text and the wider institutional level, to explore contextual and social factors and their implications for subjectivity. The analysis identified that clinicians construct their understanding of therapy with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm in three main ways. They constructed their practice in terms of pursuing expert knowledge to secure professional power. They constructed the women with whom they work as ‘problematic’ yet ‘untreatable’ in the context of dominant biomedical discourses. Finally, they constructed the broader service context as regulating the ways in which they are able to conceptualise and ‘treat’ this presentation, thus perpetuating a pathologising construction. This thesis recommends that clinicians should focus on interventions that promote a strength-based and systemic approach, which adopt a preventative stance towards addressing this phenomenon, involving social action and community development. Finally, supervision and reflective practice is recommended to increase awareness of the impact of social discourses on the subjectivity of the women who present for ‘treatment’.
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Winges-Yanez, Nick. "A Foucaultian Discourse Analysis of Person-Centered Practice Using a Genealogical Framework of Intellectual Disability." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4505.
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A genealogical framework highlights the important role sexuality has played in constructing the current label of intellectual disability (ID). The genealogical framework is meant to replace the social, medical, and/or rights-based model(s) that have dominated social work and social services working in the disability field. With this framework, or perspective, I use a Foucaultian discourse analysis to read through seminal texts regarding person-centered practice.
Person-centered practice is the foremost intervention used in social work, and other disciplines, to work with people labeled with intellectual disability. My research questions focus on what is revealed about ID in PCP through a genealogical framework and what implications do these discoveries hold for sexuality education and social services, including social workers?
Predetermined concepts taken from the genealogical framework are used in the Foucaultian discourse analysis. These concepts (subject, government, biopower, and normalization) provide insight into how ID has been constructed and maintained through the practice of person-centered processes. Paradoxes emerge throughout the analysis, providing space for productive resistance by professionals working in sexuality education and social services to improve equity for people labeled with intellectual disability, specifically regarding their sexuality and healthy expression of it.
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Källén, Malin, and Cecilia Andersson. ""Stress är både hur man har det och hur man tar det" : En kritisk diskursanalys av stress i dokument om arbetsmiljöarbete." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15029.
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I denna uppsats redogörs för en kritisk diskursanalytisk studie om konstruktionen av stress, vars syfte är att undersöka hur stress språkligt konstrueras i olika dokument om arbetsmiljöarbete. Vid analysförfarandet användes diskursanalytikern Norman Faircloughs tredimensionella analysmodell för lingvistisk och sociologisk forskning. Dennes kritiskt diskursanalytiska tankar utgör även studiens teoretiska referensram. Det analyserade materialet består av dokument om arbetsmiljöarbete mot stress, som Arbetsmiljöverket och Prevent har producerat. Uppsatsen innefattar en kartläggning över fältet för arbetsmiljöarbete och fenomenet stress, samt en presentation kring den tidigare forskning som studerats i studiens initierande fas. Denna forskning framställs genom de tre temana diskursiv påverkan, den normaliserande diskursen och individuella faktorer. Studiens resultat presenteras i de två delarna text och diskursiv praktik från Faircloughs analysmodell. Sammantaget innefattar den första resultatdelen text de fyra temana typ av text, modalitet, hyponymer och antonymer samt transitivitet. Under den andra resultatdelen diskursiv praktik återfinns de fyra diskurserna den utbildande diskursen, den arbetsrättsliga diskursen, den ohälsosamma diskursen och den vetenskapliga diskursen.
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Blackburn, Maxine. "An identification and critical analysis of barriers to raising the topic of weight in general practice." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687306.
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In light of the increasing prevalence of obesity in the UK, health professionals working within general practice are urged to initiate discussion about weight with overweight and obese patients. Despite such appeals, evidence suggests that only a minority of health professionals routinely talk to patients about weight loss. To understand more about the barriers to raising the topic of weight in general practice, three empirical studies guided by qualitative research design were carried out. The first two studies draw on psychological theory to identify barriers to raising the topic of weight. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 GPs and 17 primary care nurses. The third study conducted with 20 GPs is underpinned by discourse analysis and uses trigger film interviews to capture and critically analyse the discursive production of, and macro-discourses shaping, barriers. In study 1 and 2, three main themes summarise barriers identified from GP and primary care nurse perspectives: limited understanding about obesity care, concern about negative consequences and limited time to raise a sensitive topic. In study 3, four discursive frameworks were identified as underpinning constructions about the barriers to broaching discussion about obesity: medical-reductionist, medical-holistic, moral and ethical. Findings extend understanding about the ways in which obesity is constructed as both a medical and non-medical issue. The findings have implications for health professional education, policy and research including the need to expose and challenge dominant understandings of obesity as a behavioural problem, to address barriers operating at the socio-cultural as well as the individual-level, and to enhance understanding about the socially embedded and pernicious effects of obesity stigma in the consultation and beyond.
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Hilsdon, John. "The significance of the field of practice 'Learning Development' in UK higher education." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10604.
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This thesis analyses Learning Development (LD), a field of practice designed to support students’ learning, and explores what this relatively new field can tell us about certain aspects of higher education in the UK. Theoretical work deriving from Foucault underpins the research. The empirical data is constructed from interviews, observation and reflexive autoethnographic sources, and the analytical thrust employs sociolinguistic tools from critical discourse analysis. The result is a case study of identity, offering unique insights into the field of LD itself and, through the ‘lens’ of LD, an original focus upon the production of relationships and their effects, as policies are enacted, within HE in the UK in the early 21st century. Although previous studies have examined the identities and practices of different university workers in terms of concepts such as ‘tribes’ and ‘territories’, and the impact of neoliberalism, this thesis takes a more relational approach. By combining a problematising theoretical framework with discourse analysis, it sheds light upon the mutual construction of relations between LDs, academics, students and university managers, as HE policy is produced, interpreted and enacted through practice at institutional levels. These insights also contribute to an understanding of the operation of ‘governmentality’ within universities. The LD lens brings into focus: i) the continuing drive towards commodification of all aspects of HE, including approaches to learning, under neoliberal economic and political conditions ii) the lack of preparation on the part of UK universities for some aspects of ‘diversity’ and the failure to fulfil the broad mission to widen participation commonly expressed by successive government policies since the 1990s iii) the persistence of traditional approaches to HE practices (particularly the privileging of ‘essayist’ literacy) iv) the tendency to limit student subject positions in respect of how HE is conceived and delivered The thesis concludes by offering some suggestions for further research and practice that may be useful for Learning Developers (LDs), academics and policy-makers in addressing these issues.
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Smith, Joseph. "A critical discourse analysis of history teacher responses to the February 2013 draft National Curriculum for History." Thesis, Keele University, 2015. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2344/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to explore history teacher engagement in debates surrounding the 2013 draft National Curriculum for History and locates these in the wider context of English history teacher identity. The 2013 draft curriculum, which was announced in February, was withdrawn in August 2013 following complaints of political bias (see Smith, 2014). This “curriculum war” might be interpreted – as others have been (e.g. Crawford, 1998; Taylor & Guyver, 2011) - as an attempt by both the left and right to frame a curriculum which furthered their political metanarrative, but this research shows that such views are oversimplifications. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight history teachers in the north-west of England who actively opposed the draft curriculum and their responses were analysed using van Dijk’s (2009) sociocognitive approach to critical discourse analysis. These responses uncover a complex nexus of motivations in which political opposition is only a small strand. Instead, the strongest motivation was a deep loyalty to the epistemological and methodological underpinnings of their subject (Bernstein, 1999). In opposition to the narrow nationalist conception of school history, the interviews indicated strongly the existence of a social realist (Young, 2008) counter-hegemonic discourse which informs and underpins a vibrant history teaching community. This shared discourse argues that historical knowledge is constructed and contested, and that it should be taught as such (Lee, 1991). In this paradigm, the draft curriculum was opposed not because it advanced a rightist narrative, but because the concept of a single narrative was itself considered inherently unhistorical. The epistemological unity of the history teaching community contributes to a project-identity of resistance (Castells, 1997) which is further bolstered by the research activities of the Schools History Project and the Historical Association. A Gramscian (1971) analysis is used throughout, but history teachers are not found to be, in the main, Marxists. Gramsci’s work instead provides the framework for understanding the nature of the history-teaching community and the mechanics of its resistance.
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Mohamed, Hashim Issa. "Academic writing as social practice: a critical discourse analysis of student writing in higher education in Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis was a critical analysis of students academic second language writing at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Student writing in English as a second language in higher education has excited much interest in the English as a Second Language writing research and discussion in Tanzania. The interest was motivated by frequent criticisms from examiners regarding students literacy performance in the English as a Second Language writing in the post primary and higher education where the language of instruction is English as is configured in the Tanzanian language policy.
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Barbousas, Joanna Art History & Art Education College of Fine Arts UNSW. "The formation of visual as concept and practice in art education." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Art History & Art Education, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44357.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates the formation of visual as discursive practice. Discourses that celebrate, denigrate and omit visual are examined with a particular focus on discourses of the child and technology in art education. This thesis applies poststructural methodologies of discourse analysis to disrupt traditional accounts of discipline configurations determined in histories of art education. With a particular focus on Michel Foucault's methods of history, archaeology and genealogy, art education as discipline is mapped through an investigation of visual as concept and practice. This research contends that the emergence of current practices in visual culture, as configured within the constraints of art education amplifies the conditions of visual to define art education as a field. It examines the mobilisation of discourse, verified by discipline formations in art education, and the way in which such formations distribute and categorise knowledge that is sequenced within power structures. Therefore, visual, as a discursive practice is one way through which to trace the conditions of the field, including the structure of discipline as knowledge and subject in art education.
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Sommerville, Kathryn R. "The Human Right to Food as a Socio-Discursive Practice." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30956.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, human rights have often been studied as philosophical or legal concepts. In this thesis, Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis is adopted to examine them as social practices, specifically focusing on the human right to food. This is done through a discursive analysis of a corpus of documents drawn from FIAN International, a human rights organization advocating for the human right to food, and La Via Campesina, an international peasant organization which also aims to realize the right to food but is not itself a human rights organization. Findings highlight how each of the organizations define the right to food, and show that these differences are tied to the structure of the organizations themselves. This suggests that human rights organizations such as FIAN are more constrained by their need to balance legitimacy and programmatic visions than are other types of organizations in the struggle for meaningful social change.
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Collins, Ronan. "'Client choice' : how some CBT therapists construct collaboration : implications for CBT and counselling psychology practice." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/client-choice-how-some-cbt-therapists-construct-collaboration--implications-for-cbt-and-counselling-psychology-practice(db45cd83-20bf-4c12-a917-256c04221ed1).html.
Full textAbstract:
Collaboration between therapist and client has been put forward as a core element of successful therapeutic encounters. There has been debate as to the nature of collaboration in cognitive behavioural therapy. In the UK this debate has intensified since the introduction of Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) in 2008 as CBT is the favoured therapeutic modality within IAPT. Collaboration in CBT has been conceptualised in dichotomous ways. From one perspective it is constructed in positivistic terms, in which the therapist implements manualised protocols with little consideration for the therapeutic relationship; from the other perspective collaboration is constructed in dialogic terms, in which therapist and client use CBT interventions to consider new meanings that the client deems to be relevant. The current study used a discourse analytic methodology to investigate how CBT therapists construct collaboration in their therapeutic practices. The aim was to explicate interpretive repertories that participants used in the construction of collaboration. Semi-structured interviews were used with 8 CBT therapists. Questions related to the arguments for and against the nature of collaboration in CBT. A client choice interpretive repertoire was used by all participants. It was constructed in various ways in line with either positivistic or dialogic perspectives or elements of both. Individual participants constructed client choice from both perspectives suggesting that the dichotomy in perspectives on collaboration in CBT may not be clear-cut. There is an implication for counselling psychology practitioners to reflect on their use of dichotomous perspectives to conceptualise their professional identities.
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Sandaran, Shanti Chandran. "Compassion and war : a critical discourse analysis of the social practice of voluntary community service in contemporary America." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55783/.
Full textAbstract:
This study undertakes a critical investigation of the ideology underpinning the social practice of voluntary community service (VCS) in contemporary America. VCS is described as a hegemonic practice promoted by the Bush government, with the aim of social regulation and control of the people. The study combines Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) with Michel Foucault's theorising of the practices of modern government, for its methodological and analytical procedures. It incorporates Wodak's Discourse Historical Approach and Van Leeuwen's discourse analytical approach, i.e. recontextualisation, representation of social actors and social action, and legitimation. Two sets of data are analysed: political discourse which comprise four key speeches by G.W. Bush between 2001 and 2002, and data from an ethnographic study of a group of grassroots practitioners of VCS in the state of Oklahoma. The analyses of Bush's speeches centre on his attempts to mobilise the American people in VCS through the launching of a national service program - 'the USA Freedom Corps'. The thesis compares Bush's 2001 Inaugural Address and the 2002 State of the Union Address, of which only the latter appears to have succeeded in getting more people to volunteer. The analyses reveal a discursive shift in Bush's strategy from the pre- and post- September 11 period, whereby the latter speech appeals not only to the nation's patriotic feelings but also represents VCS as a 'wartime effort' in connection with the September 11 attacks and the subsequent 'War On Terror'. The analyses show the discursive deployment of the right-wing Christian ideology underpinning Bush's service initiative that is part of his political philosophy -'compassionate conservatism', and its policy for welfare reform - the Faith Based Initiative. The ethnographic study of the grassroots level practice of VCS demonstrates how this dominant ideology is adopted and naturalised amongst the VCS practitioners. The USA Freedom Corps and the Faith Based Initiative are discussed as programs of conduct that steer its practitioners (the American people) to adopt the preferred attitudes, beliefs, practices and lifestyles. It is argued that the social practice of voluntary community service in contemporary America has become a hegemonic practice that aims for moral regulation and social control.
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Challis, Elizabeth. "What can and cannot be said : discourses of spirituality and religion in clinical psychology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29000.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To examine the discourses used by trainee and qualified clinical psychologists from the South West of England to manage discussions of spirituality and religion as they relate to clinical practice. Methods: Four focus groups were carried out with a total of 25 qualified and trainee clinical psychologists. Transcripts were analysed using discourse analysis. Results: Three key discourses were identified, giving insight into how cohorts of qualified and trainee clinical psychologists manage discussions of these difficult topics. These were: balancing medical and therapeutic discourses, particularly when discussing psychosis and religious or spiritual beliefs; positioning and the Other, including religion and spirituality as a proxy for talking about race; and negotiating what can or cannot be said, principally when sharing personal views. Conclusion: Ensuring that clinical psychologists have an awareness of the different discourses in use within the profession and how these may impact practice is important. Explicit discussion of the medical and therapeutic discourses likely to arise across different settings should be encouraged, including how these can constrain discussions around difficult topics such as spirituality and religion, race, and sexuality. Training should equip psychologists to have an awareness of othering, particularly in relation to religion or spirituality and race, and the potential effects this could have on power and engagement in therapy and broader work.
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Sunderland, Naomi Louise. "Biotechnology as Media: A Critical Study of the Movement of Meanings Associated with Contemporary Biotechnology." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16705/1/Naomi_Sunderland_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis purports to make two contributions to understandings of biotechnology. First, it presents a novel framework through which to view biotechnology as a complex series of fundamentally social and politically economic mediations rather than a decontextualised collection of technical and scientific phenomena. Second, the thesis presents a method for analysing contemporary discourses about biotechnology within this framework. The framework presented in the first content chapter of the thesis identifies what I see to be the four primary mediating "movements" that are central to seeing Biotechnology as Media: Alienation, Translation, Recontextualisation, and Absorption. The next chapter explicates these movements more fully using a combination of social practice and discourse theory. Using these four movements and the mediation framework as a guide, I then critically analyse a corpus of seventy two exemplary texts (approximately 700,000 words) about contemporary biotechnology.
Mediation, in the sense I use it here, is not concerned with one particular media form or technology. Rather, it focuses on the process of mediation as the movement of meanings (Silverstone, 1999). I argue that seeing biotechnologies as mediations can provide a deeper and more critical understanding of how ways of seeing, being, acting, and describing (discourses) associated with contemporary biotechnology are moved from micro- and macro-biological and scientific contexts into the everyday lives of citizens and ecosystems. In particular, such a view highlights the forces and voices that currently determine the path and substance of political-economic movements in biotechnology and, consequently, how everyday perceptions of biotechnology are shaped or silenced in processes of mediation.
A core assumption of the thesis is that processes of mediation are not neutral. Rather, they are always inherently interpretive, politically economic, and ethically significant. Any mediation involves "filtering" processes via which "content" is transformed into a form that is appropriate for a given medium by persons who have control over the medium, and by the nature of the medium itself. This applies as much in laboratory and scientific contexts as it does in the contexts of mass consumption, whether in newspapers, policy papers, movies (such as Gattaca), or consumer goods. The same is true in the mediation of biotechnology: there are technological and discursive restrictions on what and who can "contribute to" and "come out" of biotechnology and also what is construed as being a valuable and desirable outcome of biotechnology research and development.
The three central analysis chapters of the thesis outline firstly how biotechnology can function as a time-based medium for the reproduction of already powerful discourses on, for example, the role of technology in human development and the consumer market as the moral medium between generators of new technologies and their "consumers". I identify exemplars of how the history of biotechnology and mediation (movement) is expressed in the corpus. This is followed by a more concentrated analysis of the ethical and social significance of the key "official" mediations presented in the corpus. I focus in particular on how the predominant policy evaluations of biotechnological mediations expressed in state, national, and international policy documents construct a "virtuous cycle" of product development that will ostensibly "deliver the benefits" of biotechnology to all citizens who, in the corpus, are framed predominantly as "consumers".
The final chapter of the thesis reflects on the significance of biotechnology at the macro level of social practices and systems. Apart from its direct function as a technical medium for alienating hitherto inalienable aspects of life, such as configurations of DNA, and turning them into products for sale, I argue that, as a suite of mediating movements, biotechnology has the potential to effectively, and for the most part invisibly, mediate our more general understandings and experiences of ourselves, of other species, and of the world we live in. More specifically, I argue that biotechnological mediations actively, and often forcefully, promote a narrowing of the range of evaluative resources on offer to the general community, and indeed to biotechnologists themselves. Biotechnological mediations can therefore be described as part of a broader movement away from conditions of heteroglossia or dialogue (multi language, multi voice) toward conditions of monologia (one language, one voice).
The thesis concludes with an important question: if we can identify these narrowing effects or mediations of biotechnology by using techniques such as Critical Discourse Analysis and by seeing biotechnology in a mediation framework, what can we do to interrupt them and generate movements that are more generative of heteroglossic and socially responsive ways of seeing, being, and acting? I offer a number of responses to the question in the conclusion.
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Sunderland, Naomi Louise. "Biotechnology as Media: A Critical Study of the Movement of Meanings Associated with Contemporary Biotechnology." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16705/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis purports to make two contributions to understandings of biotechnology. First, it presents a novel framework through which to view biotechnology as a complex series of fundamentally social and politically economic mediations rather than a decontextualised collection of technical and scientific phenomena. Second, the thesis presents a method for analysing contemporary discourses about biotechnology within this framework. The framework presented in the first content chapter of the thesis identifies what I see to be the four primary mediating "movements" that are central to seeing Biotechnology as Media: Alienation, Translation, Recontextualisation, and Absorption. The next chapter explicates these movements more fully using a combination of social practice and discourse theory. Using these four movements and the mediation framework as a guide, I then critically analyse a corpus of seventy two exemplary texts (approximately 700,000 words) about contemporary biotechnology. Mediation, in the sense I use it here, is not concerned with one particular media form or technology. Rather, it focuses on the process of mediation as the movement of meanings (Silverstone, 1999). I argue that seeing biotechnologies as mediations can provide a deeper and more critical understanding of how ways of seeing, being, acting, and describing (discourses) associated with contemporary biotechnology are moved from micro- and macro-biological and scientific contexts into the everyday lives of citizens and ecosystems. In particular, such a view highlights the forces and voices that currently determine the path and substance of political-economic movements in biotechnology and, consequently, how everyday perceptions of biotechnology are shaped or silenced in processes of mediation. A core assumption of the thesis is that processes of mediation are not neutral. Rather, they are always inherently interpretive, politically economic, and ethically significant. Any mediation involves "filtering" processes via which "content" is transformed into a form that is appropriate for a given medium by persons who have control over the medium, and by the nature of the medium itself. This applies as much in laboratory and scientific contexts as it does in the contexts of mass consumption, whether in newspapers, policy papers, movies (such as Gattaca), or consumer goods. The same is true in the mediation of biotechnology: there are technological and discursive restrictions on what and who can "contribute to" and "come out" of biotechnology and also what is construed as being a valuable and desirable outcome of biotechnology research and development. The three central analysis chapters of the thesis outline firstly how biotechnology can function as a time-based medium for the reproduction of already powerful discourses on, for example, the role of technology in human development and the consumer market as the moral medium between generators of new technologies and their "consumers". I identify exemplars of how the history of biotechnology and mediation (movement) is expressed in the corpus. This is followed by a more concentrated analysis of the ethical and social significance of the key "official" mediations presented in the corpus. I focus in particular on how the predominant policy evaluations of biotechnological mediations expressed in state, national, and international policy documents construct a "virtuous cycle" of product development that will ostensibly "deliver the benefits" of biotechnology to all citizens who, in the corpus, are framed predominantly as "consumers". The final chapter of the thesis reflects on the significance of biotechnology at the macro level of social practices and systems. Apart from its direct function as a technical medium for alienating hitherto inalienable aspects of life, such as configurations of DNA, and turning them into products for sale, I argue that, as a suite of mediating movements, biotechnology has the potential to effectively, and for the most part invisibly, mediate our more general understandings and experiences of ourselves, of other species, and of the world we live in. More specifically, I argue that biotechnological mediations actively, and often forcefully, promote a narrowing of the range of evaluative resources on offer to the general community, and indeed to biotechnologists themselves. Biotechnological mediations can therefore be described as part of a broader movement away from conditions of heteroglossia or dialogue (multi language, multi voice) toward conditions of monologia (one language, one voice). The thesis concludes with an important question: if we can identify these narrowing effects or mediations of biotechnology by using techniques such as Critical Discourse Analysis and by seeing biotechnology in a mediation framework, what can we do to interrupt them and generate movements that are more generative of heteroglossic and socially responsive ways of seeing, being, and acting? I offer a number of responses to the question in the conclusion.
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Jones, Tamiryn. "Linguistic strategies used in the construction of performance assessment discourse in the South African workplace." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80171.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the construction of Performance Assessment Discourses in three
companies in the Western Cape, South Africa. The specific interest of is in how Performance
Assessment Interviews (PAIs) are performed in terms of content, form, structure and social
practice, and how managers and employees experience and make sense of this organizational
practice. The study further investigates how individuals express their membership to
communities of practice (CofPs) within the workplace, and seeks to identify obstacles
(boundaries) in terms of acquiring and maintaining membership. This study is conducted
within the broader framework of discourse analysis (DA) and employs genre theory and
small story analysis as analytical tools.
The 31 participants in this study are managers and employees of three participating
companies in the Western Cape. They are L1 speakers of Afrikaans, English, isiXhosa and
isiZulu, and are representative of a wide range of employment levels (lower-level employees
to top management). Each individual participated in either a one-on-one interview or in a
focus group discussion, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. During these interviews
and discussion groups, individuals frequently resorted telling small stories in order to
explicate their feelings, perceptions and positions on certain matters. The data confirms that
several generic features of PAIs are identifiable and across all three companies, but that some
unique features are also reported. Furthermore, the analysis shows that Performance
Assessments are sites of struggles as dominant and competing discourses emerge from the
data. Additionally, the study reveals that acquiring membership to CofPs in a diverse
workplace is a complex endeavour and that language plays a determining role in acquiring
membership, as well as in the construction of workplace identities.
In conclusion, this study argues for further linguistic research within professional setting in
South Africa, and suggests that CofP theory be revised and further developed to be more
descriptive of diverse communities.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe Prestasiebestuur (PB) diskoerse in drie maatskappye in die
Wes-Kaap gekonstrueer word. Die studie stel spesifiek belang in hoe prestasiebestuur
gesprekke (PBG) uitgevoer word in terme van inhoud, vorm, struktuur en die sosiale
praktyke wat daarmee saamhang. Verder word die manier waarop bestuurders en werkers
PBGs ervaar en interpreteer ondersoek. Die studie ondersoek ook hoe individue hul
lidmaatskap tot praktyk gemeenskappe (verskeie groeperinge wat praktyke deel) binne die
werksplek beskryf en die struikelblokke identifiseer wat hulle verhoed om lidmaatskap te
verwerf en te behou. Hierdie studie is uitgevoer binne die breër raamwerk van diskoersanalise
(DA) en gebruik genre analise en klein verhaal analise as ontledingsmetodes.
Die 31 deelnemers in die studie is bestuurders en werkers van drie deelnemende maatskappye
in die Wes-Kaap. Hulle is eerstetaalsprekers van Afrikaans, Engels, Xhosa en Zoeloe en is
verteenwoordigend van ʼn wye reeks posisies (vanaf junior posisies tot topbestuur). Elke
individu het deelgeneem aan óf ʼn individuele onderhoud óf ʼn groepsbespreking. Hierdie
onderhoude en besprekings is opgeneem en getranskribeer. Tydens die onderhoude en
besprekings het die deelnemers telkens van ‘klein verhale’ gebruik gemaak om hul ervaringe
en gevoelens te verwoord. Die data bevestig dat verskeie generiese eienskappe in PBGs
geïdentifiseer kan word in al drie maatskappye maar dat daar wel sommige unieke
eienskappe voorkom. Verder wys die analise uit dat binne PBs daar baie teenstellings bestaan
en dat daar dominante en mededingende diskoerse in die data geïdentifiseer kan word. Die
studie wys ook dat lidmaatskap tot ʼn praktykgemeenskap in ʼn diverse werksomgewing ʼn
komplekse onderneming is. Dit blyk ook dat taal ʼn bepalende rol speel in die verwerwing van
lidmaatskap, sowel as die manier waarop professionele identiteit gekonstrueer word. Verdere navorsing in professionele kontekste binne ʼn linguistiese raamwerk word aanbeveel.
Die waarde van klein verhaal analise om diskoerse in professionele kontekste te ondersoek
word beklemtoon en voorstelle word gemaak oor hoe die konsep ‘praktykgemeenskappe’
verder ontwikkel kan word om dit meer relevant te maak in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks.<br>The ADA for funding this study
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Olson, Travis Heath. "The Governmentalities of Globalism: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of Study Abroad Practices." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436909222.
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Wachter, Lisa Katharina. "J. K. Rowling’s tweets following and regarding the Parkland School Shooting – A Critical Discourse Analysis." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21505.
Full textAbstract:
The Parkland School Shooting in February 2018 caused a flood of empathy, grief, and anger on Twitter. Having gained popularity and a reputation for her political commentary on US American events on the social media platform, the British author J. K. Rowling published a variety of intriguing tweets following and regarding the Shooting. The pur-pose of this study is to characterise Rowling’s tweets, to relate them to the discursive Twitter practice, and to look for correspondences with the concept of celebrity advocacy. To do so, this thesis offers an adaption of critical discourse analysis in order to examine the structures, meanings, and stances behind Rowling’s tweets following and regarding the Shooting. To grasp the underlying ideologies and motives, theory of discourse, repre-sentation, celebrity advocacy, spectatorship of suffering, and othering is consulted. The study brings to light that Rowling’s tweets are characterized by dialogue, exploitation of voices, othering, and discursive constructions of distance and proximity. Moreover, the findings stress Rowling’s tweets in the light of self-presentation and performance of altru-ism. Ultimately, the study reveals that Rowling’s tweets exhibit a highly mediated form of celebrity advocacy empowered by the practical circumstances of Twitter as social media platform.
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Clarke, Joanne M. "The political nature of conflict: Mediation as a discursive practice in family dispute resolution." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/135970/1/Joanne_Clarke_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the ways the dominant discourses of conflict resolution, legal rationality and parenting in family law shape the practice of mediation in family dispute resolution (FDR). A feminist post-structural analysis identifies contradictions and gaps in practice, particularly those arising when working with families with a history of domestic violence. This research challenges the notions of objectivity, neutrality and participant self-determination and argues instead for a reconceptualisation of mediation to take account of power relations and adopt critical postmodern understandings of power in order to navigate some of the challenges inherent in the practice of mediation.
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Dallyn, S. E. H. "Co-optation and empowerment : A multi-level analysis of the discourse and practice of social development at the world bank." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510497.
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Berglund, Tobias. "Understanding Prostitution : A political discourse analysis on prostitution in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21588.
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Ronan, James Patrick. "Nursing, Society, and Health Promotion--Healing Practices: A Constructionist Historical Discourse Analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194502.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this discourse analysis of health promotion and healing practices was to describe their functioning historically through practices of governance and risk in the context of neoliberal society. The results portray a constructed subjectivity (identity) among citizens and residents of contemporary society who enact expected health promotion and healing behaviors.Two series of texts were analyzed from a Foucauldian perspective: the Healthy People series from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; and the series on Uninsurance published by the Institute of Medicine. The findings generated five themes that comprise the reality of current illness care system rationalities:First, the U.S. illness care system, functioning through technology of insurance or wealth extraction, is dysfunctional as a comprehensive illness care delivery system.Second, health promotion and healing have been subsumed under illness care--if they are addressed it is only as discrete indices that comprise compliance monitoring.Third, micro determinants of health (such as behavioral patterns, genetic predispositions, social circumstances, shortfalls in medical care, and environmental exposures), while important, continue to be the single focus of illness care in the U.S. Conversely, macro determinants of health, contingent on macro-level economic and political structures, remain unrecognized as having any bearing on health outcomes. Macro determinants of health frame the configuration of the social infrastructure in which micro determinants of health unfold.Fourth, neoliberal ideology in the U.S. continues to be the status quo for illness care.Fifth, constructed health promotion and healing identity for individuals is one of health anomie, a new prudentialism where access to health promotion and healing has to be acquired from outside the venue of illness care.How can we become different from what we have become? While acknowledging the limitations inherent in this current discourse of heath promotion and healing, other alternatives must be explored for betterment of human health and wellbeing--such as a shift toward "care of the self" or "self care" that encompasses an embodiment of an arché health, a health that moves beyond contemporary illness discourses of mind-body, one that defies society's inscription of our subjectivity.
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Sherington, Lynette Gai. "A Case Study of Teachers’ Work to Implement the Australian Curriculum: History." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367375.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years Australian schools entered a period of significant curriculum change with the phased implementation of a national curriculum. This research focuses on the work of teachers as they enact the official curriculum; their role in curriculum change is critical (Brady & Kennedy, 2003; Clandinin & Connolly, 1990; Smith & Lovat, 2003). History was one of the subjects included in the first phase of the Australian curriculum development. Teachers’ understanding of the discipline, purpose and appropriate pedagogies is essential to student success in history (Taylor, 2008; Yilmaz, 2008). As an education officer working in curriculum support with history teachers across Queensland, a large state with considerable remote rural areas, I was interested in understanding the particular challenges of curriculum implementation for teachers in rural schools. The research reported in this thesis is a single-site educational case study that examines the experiences of one team of teachers as they planned for the implementation of the new curriculum, in the learning area of history, in a rural secondary school in Queensland. I locate my research at the intersection of four fields of inquiry: curriculum change, history curriculum, rural schooling and teachers’ work as mediators of the curriculum.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Education and Professional Studies<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Delagrange, Susan Heckman. "Technologies of wonder (re)mediating rhetorical practice /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1132693298.
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Johnson, Martin Joseph. "Examiner feedback and learning : what are the characteristics of effective remote feedback in a hierarchic, professional context?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274870.
Full textAbstract:
My study explores the characteristics of remote performance feedback that professional examiners working in the Oxford, Cambridge & RSA (OCR) awarding body communicate to each other. Drawing on sociocultural theories, I argue that this interaction possesses learning potential because between-professional communication supports the development of participants’ reasoning through the alignment of culturally appropriate collective thinking. My data consists of 991 feedback messages that were captured during two examination sessions (between May and July 2014, and between May and July 2015). These remote interactions (either email or telephone) involved three senior examiners and 27 examiners. These feedback interactions have an important quality assurance function as they help to ensure that the examiners carry out marking practices to an agreed standard. My research explores two interlinked research questions: ‘What are the characteristics of examiner feedback?’ and ‘What are the characteristics of effective examiner feedback?’ For the first research question I develop a methodology that extends the Sociocultural Discourse Analysis (SCDA) approach developed by Neil Mercer; I call this approach Augmented Sociocultural Discourse Analysis (ASCDA). My methodology allows me to investigate the features of interaction at both a particular and a general level, and clusters my analysis into four specific feedback discourse themes: feedback content, the development of discourse over time, evidence of joint intellectual action within feedback, and the impact of feedback. In order to address the second question I hypothesise that effectiveness relates to how feedback features support or undermine examiners’ common ground building. I synthesise the findings from these analyses to consider the lessons for examiner practice in particular, and for other professional feedback practices more generally. Taken together, these analyses suggest that feedback-giving is an intellectually challenging process. My analyses also suggest that this complexity involves the participants establishing and maintaining an Intermental Development Zone through their feedback communication, and that this entails them manipulating discourse features whilst simultaneously attending to a variety of contextual features of the professional environment.
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Beckwith, J. S. "Uncovering complexity in everyday practice : a post modern study of community nursing assessment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4757.
Full textAbstract:
Much skilled nursing practice is described by words which at face value appear low-tech and self-explanatory. Despite being acknowledged as intrinsic to practice “nursing assessment” has few operational definitions. This thesis critiques and reviews the methodological assumptions that underpin research and the frameworks commonly used to facilitate Concept Analysis (CA). Despite the apparent plethora of approaches to CA, the majority of them used (or adapted without justification or critique) the work of one author, and this was found to be simplistic and ontologically flawed. A review of the contemporary nursing literature was undertaken to identify uses of the term assessment. The subsequent Glasarian Grounded Theory Analysis revealed the Judicial as the core of seven overlapping categories. Evidence of the everyday use of the term assessment was obtained through observation and audio recording of nursing assessment practice. Following Foucault, Critical Discourse Analysis of the data recorded in the study’s field work phase was undertaken. This revealed social power and dominance facilitated through subject/object conflations and the discourses of discrimination, surveillance, repression, natural science, resistance and institutional power, and in contrast, examples of empowering practice. This thesis will argue that the process of nursing asssessment is skilled and complex, and that in order to measure and demonstrate the quality of nursing practice within an arena dominated by the hegemonic power of medicine, it requires articulation and understanding. Nurses use a matrix of approaches to build rapport and assess patients during all interactions. Their work involves integrating intuitive, predictive and logical reasoning within an empathetic and authentic communication with patients and their carers. Hierarchies of nursing practice, government policies, inter-professional agendas and dissonaces between the policy rhetoric of placing patients at the heart of assessment and actual everyday practice, produce barriers to meaningful assessments.
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Beckenham, Annabel, and n/a. "A woman's place in cyberspace : a critical analysis of discourse, purpose and practice with regard to women and new communication technologies." University of Canberra. Information Management &Tourism, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060607.173021.
Full textAbstract:
New information and communication technologies have excited considerable
popular and expert attention over the last decades of the twentieth century.
Predictions about their social effects range along a continuum from visions of
heaven; where people slip the surly bonds of time and space, to glimpses of hell;
where such slippage enables new manifestations of dominance and control. Along
the continuum there is a basic determinist premise evident, that the technologies
have developed in a marginal sphere, and will now bring a new way of life, or at
least provide materials for a new way of life, whether this be for good or evil. The
notion of cyberspace as a new communicative domain has in particular engaged
this kind of attention.
This thesis is concerned with the ways in which the rhetoric of cyberspace sheds
light on deeper social preoccupations and relations. It is an attempt to move
beyond discussion of particular technologies and their possible effects to examine
the ways in which habitual social intercourse is reconstructed in and around
cyberspace. As a feminist scholar of communication I am particularly interested
in the ways in which existing gender relations are maintained in discursive
constructions of women in cyberspace, and the ways in which feminist theorists
may respond to the new domain.
Because I seek to elude simple determinism, I have sought to contextualise the
space by some focus on the known social needs, purposes and practices to which
the development of cyberspace technologies has been central. Although I
acknowledge the power of discourse to maintain extant social relations, I seek to
elude discursive determinism by some focus on the ways in which women have
creatively appropriated new technologies; on the disjunctions of discourse and
practice.
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Duffy, Deirdre. "Beyond good and bad practice : disrupting power and discourse at "Urban Youth" : a Foucauldian analysis of the possibilities of youth work." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14558/.
Full textAbstract:
Youth work, as a form of engaging young people "in which the participation of young people is voluntary and the aims are broadly educational" (Harrison and Wise (eds.), 2009: 1) has been positioned as an inherently ethical practice (see: Sercombe, 1998; National Youth Agency, 1999). However, what makes youth work ethical and what constitutes ethical youth work is currently the subject of some debate. At present, two broad, overlapping schools of thought exist: that youth work is made ethical by the fact that the procedures within it are more equitable and fairer (Young, 1999; NYA, 1999); or that youth work is made ethical by the fact that it holds the young person as its primary constituent, receiving its 'mandate' directly from them (Sercombe, 1998; 2010). To this debate I would like to provide an alternative model of ethics which focuses on the potential to disrupt unequal relations of power and unsettle discourse. In doing so I will be able to highlight the existent possibilities for and limitations on the production of an ethical youth work practice. This model is drawn from a Foucauldian reading of ethics. Foucauldian ethics focuses on the capacity of the subject to disrupt discourse and challenge power relations. Applying this Foucauldian ethics, the thesis explores what about youth work creates openings for the subject to disrupt discourse. These openings, I argue, are rooted in the ambiguity of the discourse of youth work. This ambiguity is the result of the production of youth work discourse by multiple, contradictory understandings of youth, adulthood and 'good' youth-adult relations. These manifest in the varying sub-discourses of positive youth work co-existent within the overarching youth work discourse. Using evidence from policy textwork and ethnographic fieldwork at a youth club in Nottingham (Urban Youth) I illustrate how the co-existence of these understandings renders the subject-positions and subject-functions of youth workers and young people in youth work discourse ambiguous. As such what constitutes positive youth work, a 'good' youth worker and the dimensions of positive youth worker-young person relationships is unclear. Because of this ambiguity, openings for critical reflection and disassembling of the subject (what Foucault considers as the epitome of being ethical) emerge.
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Lima, Barreto Vitor Hugo. "Discourse analysis of general practice in medical education : a comparative study of undergraduate medical education policy in the UK and Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10058801/.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Despite increasing research on medical education, the field of medical education policy, including general practice teaching, has been overlooked. Discourse analysis has recently been introduced to investigate education policy in medical education. This research analyses general practice development in undergraduate medical education policy in both the UK and Brazil. In the UK, general practice is consolidated as an academic field of medical knowledge, whilst in Brazil, it is being established. The historical context of the specialty in each country and the participation of general practitioners in medical schools are considered. Two main dimensions of medical education are emphasized: the alignment with health care systems and the outlook for medical care workforce. The aim of this research was to depict the discursive continuities and discontinuities characterizing general practice knowledge in undergraduate medical education policy in two distinctive contexts. Method: Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to investigate the representation of general practice as a field of medical knowledge in undergraduate medical education policy in a comparative study design. This research method offers a critical perspective of power relations in policy documents by exploring what is made thinkable and legitimate. It supports the analysis of the assumptions of truth that delineate the frontiers of general practice. Results: General practice knowledge holds a discursively fragile position in both countries, a consequence of the differences in discursive polarities. The polarities consisted of (a) academic and non-academic knowledge and (b) specialist and non-specialist knowledge in the UK; and (a) public and private health care and (b) generalist and specialist knowledge in Brazil. The similarities included a close relationship between medical education and national health systems. In the UK, the biomedical discourse directs the portrayal of general practice, whereas in Brazil, the counter-discursive element opposed to this biomedical discourse predominates. Conclusion: The predominant discourses in medical education policy places general practice knowledge in a fragile position compared to other medical fields. A policy focused on the reflexive cycle between academy and practice and between general and specific knowledge could help strengthen general practice knowledge in undergraduate medical education. This could produce stronger, more stable and authoritative thinking in this area of medical science.
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Mcabride, Ruair-Santiago. "Risk and recovery in an era of convergence : a critical discourse analysis of personality disorder policy and practice in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678938.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on the relationship between discourse, power/knowledge, policy, institutions, and people. Utilising the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA) I examine these phenomena through the contested and controversial lens of 'personality disorder'; a psychiatric diagnosis used to categorise people assessed to exhibit impairments of the 'self and dysfunctions in 'interpersonal functioning'. Through an analysis of UK Government policy documents I show how since the turn of the 21 st century 'personality disorder' has become a signature of modern British governance. Influencing this development I show is risk-centric penal policies, recovery oriented mental health practice and the increasing convergence between the institutions of Health and Justice. This analysis reveals 'personality disorder' to be a diagnostic technology through which questions of modern forms of social regulation can be probed. Drawing on semi-structured interview data and documentary data I consider how 'personality disorder' policy developments, which have occurred across the UK, have been experienced locally in Northern Ireland. In so doing I examine how 'personality disorder' is related to other 21 st century shifts in social regulation, including legislative developments and prison health care reforms. I question what these broad changes in modern forms of governance mean both conceptually and practically for people diagnosed with a 'personality disorder.' In this way this thesis draws links between 'personality disorder' as a tool of social control (used to manage people who disrupt the moral order) as well as a technology of the self (used as a form of self-management).
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Abitbol, Eric. "Hydropolitical peacebuilding : Israeli-Palestinian water relations and the transformation of asymmetric conflict in the Middle East." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6255.
Full textAbstract:
Recognising water as a central relational location of the asymmetric Israel- Palestinian conflict, this study critically analyses the peacebuilding significance of Israeli, transboundary water and peace practitioner discourses. Anchored in a theoretically-constructed framework of hydropolitical peacebuilding, it discursively analyses the historical, officially-sanctioned, as well as academic and civil society water and peace relations of Israelis and Palestinians. It responds to the question: How are Israeli water and peace practitioners discursively practicing hydropolitical peacebuilding in the Middle East? In doing so, this study has drawn upon a methodology of interpretive practice, combining ethnography, foucauldian discourse analysis and narrative inquiry. This study discursively traces Israel's development into a hydrohegemonic state in the Jordan River Basin, from the late-19th century to 2011. Recognising conflict as a power-laden social system, it makes visible the construction, production and circulation of Israel's power in the basin. It examines key narrative elements invoked by Israel to justify its evolving asymmetric, hydrohegemonic relations. Leveraging the hydropolitical peacebuilding framework, itself constituted of equality, partnership, equity and shared ii sustainability, this study also examines the discursive practices of Israeli transboundary water and peace practitioners in relationship with Palestinians. In so doing, it makes visible their hydrohegemony, hydropolitical peacebuilding, and hydrohegemonic residues. This study's conclusions re-affirm earlier findings, notably that environmental and hydropolitical cooperation neither inherently nor necessarily constitute peacebuilding practice. This work also suggests that hydropolitical peacebuilding may discursively be recognised in water and peace practices that engage, critique, resist, desist from, and practice alternative relational formations to hydrohegemony in asymmetric conflicts.
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McDonald, Cherelle Dione Almena. "Language and teaching in multilingual schools : a Foucauldian discourse analysis of primary school teachers' talk about their teaching practice in multilingual schools." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5362/.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores discourses in teachers’ talk about their teaching practice in multilingual schools, with a focus on discourses relating to language. The study adopts a Foucauldian approach to discourse and views social structures and institutions as formed in discourse specific to a social and historical context. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with teachers in schools where a high proportion of pupils spoke a first language other than English. Eight teachers were interviewed, and the data were analysed using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis. The findings indicate that in the teachers’ talk there are discourses of a monolingual education system where other languages are used to support pupils to transition to using English and for recognising culture in non-curricular activities. The discourse is contradictory, as the structures of teaching are described as suitable for all, yet as inaccessible and disadvantageous to pupils learning EAL. The discourse also excludes a number of alternative discourses including the regular use of first languages during curricular activities. Disciplinary powers are identified in the standard curriculum structures, and they are discussed in relation to how they constrain practice in multilingual schools. Lastly, there is a discussion of implications for educational psychology practice and ideas for future research.
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Reid, Katherine. "Power and knowledge in dyadic discursive therapy: Complexity and contradictions in Australian policy and practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211477/1/Katherine_Reid_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research makes visible the ways power operates in the therapeutic interaction, to support and/or constrain the co-production of children’s knowledge regarding their mental health experiences. Enacting Fairclough’s (2003) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and a Foucauldian conceptualisation of power (1991), a three-phase research program was designed. In phase one, mental health policy and discursive therapy texts from the macro-domain were investigated. In phase two, therapy transcripts drawn from the micro-context were analysed. Finally, in phase three, therapist interviews were also reviewed. The findings show the complexity and contradiction of competing discourses in the therapeutic encounter. This research makes a significant contribution to the child and youth mental health therapy field. Key practice implications point to the importance of a reflexive and deconstructive stance on the part of the therapist, to navigate the complex matrix of power relations in the therapy room.
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Banaga, Abdelgadir. "The development of the role of the external auditor and audit practice : empirical analysis and a 'discourse experiment' in an Islamic setting." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334091.
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Sato, Tetsuya. "Social Asymmetries in Online Personal Ads in Japanese: Discursive Construction of Desirable Personae, Bodies, and Practices." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194627.
Full textAbstract:
The Internet is increasingly becoming a key medium through which people establish social contacts and form interpersonal relationships. In particular, online dating websites are gaining popularity and rapidly expanding around the world. This study explores the discourse that constitutes the practices of the deai-kee-saito 'encounter-oriented sites' in Japanese, as observed in three major personal ad websites, namely 1) Ekisaito furenzu 'Excite Friends', 2) Match.com, and 3) Yahoo!Japan paasonaruzu 'Yahoo!Japan Personals'. It focuses on the ways that self-advertisers express their socio-sexual desires and describe their ideal partners and relationships, and analyzes them with respect to the reproduction of social asymmetries.More specifically, it examines the discursive construction of the kinds of personae (personality characteristics) and bodies (physical features) that advertisers aged 20-29 wish in their future partners, as well as the kinds of practices (activities and actions) they wish to engage in with their partners, what they wish to do for their partners, and/or wish the partners to do for them in their envisioned interactions. Out of the 1200 ads collected from these websites, a total of 463 ads are identified as target-gender-explicit and analyzed at lexical, morphosyntactic, phrasal, clausal, sentential and discourse levels. It pays close attention to the linguistic resources utilized in the articulation of socio-sexual desires and desirability, and the textual formation of the addresser(advertiser)-addressee(ad reader) relationships, including adjectives, nouns, verbal phrases, person references, desideratives, conditionals, and the formula yoroshiku/o-negai shimasu 'Thank you in advance'. It also analyzes para-linguistic resources, such as emoticons, symbols, and unique use of hiragana/katakana syllabaries. These discursive processes involve prioritization, or hierarchization, of personal attributes and consequently of the owners of those attributes. It argues that socio-sexual desirability is reflective of the hegemonic ideologies of gender and sexuality in today's Japanese-speaking communities.In addition, it examines explicit and implicit language related to race, class, and similar constructs. It also investigates the functions of style-shift that advertisers use in expressing desire. This study shows that individuals' 'innocuous' expression of socio-sexual desires through personal ads is a locus for the reproduction and contestation of the hegemonic order of gender, sexuality, race and class.
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Joly, Cédrine. "Pratique(s) de marketing stratégique en contexte de financiarisation : étude du discours des directeurs marketing du CAC40." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10046/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail doctoral s'intéresse aux conséquences de la financiarisation sur la conduite des stratégies marketing dans les grands groupes français. Au sein de ces entreprises, engagées dans la course au leadership mondial et qui s'adressent aux marchés boursiers pour financer leur croissance, l'accroissement de la rentabilité pour l'actionnaire est devenu un objectif stratégique majeur. Au même moment, les consommateurs sont décrits comme de plus en plus difficiles à comprendre avec les grilles de lecture traditionnelles, ce qui semble appeler un investissement marketing accru de la part des organisations vers leur base de clients.La mise en discussion des approches de management basées sur le modèle de la shareholder value, d'une part, et des principes de l'orientation marché, d'autre part, montre que leurs fondements conceptuels ne sont pas toujours conciliables. Articuler les logiques client et actionnaire devient un enjeu que les professionnels du marketing sont amenés à relever, et il s'agit de comprendre comment ils le font dans la pratique.Cette problématique, issue à la fois du terrain et de la littérature, fait appel à la grounded theory, positionnement dans lequel s'inscrit la démarche académique employée pour y répondre. Les méthodes qualitatives sont privilégiées sous un angle nouveau en recherche marketing : la perspective pratique. L'étude des discours d'experts et des cadres dirigeants en marketing stratégique de la moitié des entreprises cotées au CAC40 met au jour les tensions de la financiarisation au sein des pratiques de marketing stratégique<br>This work deals with the consequences of financialisation on french corporations' marketing strategies. These groups participate to the global leadership comptetition and rely on stock exchange to finance their growth, therefore shareholder value maximisation has become a major strategic objective. At the same time, consumers are described as more and more difficult to understand with the traditionnal marketing tools. This trend calls for a rise in marketing efforts from the organisations toward their customers base.A discussion between the management literature based on shareholder value framework on one hand and the marketing orientation principles on the other hand, leads to identify potential discrepancies within their conceptuel fundations. Balancing client and shareholder orientation represents an issue that marketing professionnals have to face. It is important to understand how they do that in practice.This research question both issued from the empirical and academical field refers to the Grounded Theory. This approach has therefore been adopted in this research wich rely on qualitative methodology with a new perspective in marketing research : the "as practice" field. The discourse study of experts and half of the CAC40 corporations' Marketing Directors enlights the consequences of financialisation on strategic marketing practices
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Lemire, Diane M. "The body in Western and Chinese medicine : discourses and practices." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33297.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about the body and about how medical discourses conceptualise the body in health and in illness. However, any inquisitiveness about the body is determined by historical, social and political environment that nurtures the discursive formations of knowledge. I focus particularly on the conceptualisation of the body in the two distinct medical traditions of Western and Chinese medicine. I examine Michel Foucault's analysis on the medical gaze and on the external technologies of power deployed on the body of the individual and on the social body. The knowledge generated from the medical gaze is articulated through a normalising and prescriptive discourse. The gaze of Chinese medicine that looks at the workings of the cosmos to define the truth about the body generates similar authoritative knowledge that targets the individual and the social body. However, this effect of power, although it never disappears entirely, undergoes significant transformations when it enters the arena of human activities and the potential for improvisation in the behaviour of the human actor. There is always a gap between the text and the practice.