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1
Weir, Diarmid J. G. "Money and production : a pluralist analysis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1141.
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The purpose of this thesis is to argue that the core of a monetary economy is a network of triangular contracts between banks, firms, workers and capital goods suppliers. Not only does this network give rise to the creation and valuation of money but it is the organising feature of modern economies, giving rise to both episodes of stability and crises. In constructing this argument I consider both orthodox and heterodox points of view. We analyse equilibrium models of money, and find that while money can exist in sequence economies with frictions, models of this type give no justification for its creation, valuation or holding for any significant duration, either theoretically or experimentally. Models that introduce dated goods and trading frictions to motivate the issue of risk-spreading ‘bundled’ debt are more promising for money creation, although they still cannot explain the the holding and valuation of money. Using the concept of team-production of Alchian and Demsetz and that of ‘hostage-taking’ in contracts owing to Williamson, we demonstrate how the issue of a token of generalised purchasing power from a team-production contract can enhance output and consumption. This conclusion motivates an original monetary theory of production that integrates the insights of Post-Keynesian monetary theory and the triangular contracts of the Circulation Approach and expresses them in a way that shows consistent asset and liability matching through a balance sheet approach. The creation and valuation of money and the determination of interest are embedded within the central processes of this economy. The features of the monetary production economy we analyse are in contrast to the mainstream proposition that the economy as a whole is rendered coherent by the existence of a unique and stable equilibrium determined by the utility-maximisation of households and the profit maximisation of firms. Apart from their inability to describe the economy in aggregate, such models treat money as an afterthought that is in no way core to their conception. We set the triangular contracts within a rigorous stock-flow framework of the type developed by Godley and Lavoie and argue that the shifting of the level of impact of uncertainty and failed expectations induced by money leads to specific patterns of economic disruption. These patterns are independent of the specific behavioural characteristics of households and firms and so are robust to policy changes that leave the institutions of the monetary production economy intact. We briefly assess current monetary policy and alternatives in the light of these findings.
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Kayhan, Mehmet. "Analysis Of Safety Stock For Production - Inventory Problem Of A Company Under Multiplicative Form Of Forecast Evolution." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1094077/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we focus on integration issue of manufacturing and sales functions from the perspective of aggregate production planning. The manufacturing function and sales function are performed by separate affiliated companies of the same business group, which operate as an integrated supplier-buyer system. In particular, this study provides theoretical and practical insight into the use of forecast volatility measure to better match supply with demand so as to reduce the costs of inventory and stock-outs in the manufacturer-buyer relationship under described master production-scheduling environment. Nature of forecast modifications provided by the buyer lays the foundation for the study. We modify the existing aggregate production planning model to accommodate a measure of historical forecast evolution. The overall objective of the thesis is to provide management with aforecast evolution-modeling framework to examine performance characteristics of the manufacturer-buyer interaction.
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Cahen-Fourot, Louison, Emanuele Campiglio, Elena Dawkins, Antoine Godin, and Eric Kemp-Benedict. "Capital stranding cascades: The impact of decarbonisation on productive asset utilisation." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6854/1/WP_18_final.pdf.
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This article develops a novel methodological framework to investigate the exposure of eco-
nomic systems to the risk of physical capital stranding. Combining Input-Output (IO) and
network theory, we define measures to identify both the sectors likely to trigger relevant capital
stranding cascades and those most exposed to capital stranding risk. We show how, in a sample
of ten European countries, mining is among the sectors with the highest external asset strand-
ing multipliers. The sectors most affected by capital stranding triggered by decarbonisation
include electricity and gas; coke and refined petroleum products; basic metals; and transporta-
tion. From these sectors, stranding would frequently cascade down to chemicals; metal products;
motor vehicles water and waste services; wholesale and retail trade; and public administration.
Finally, we provide an estimate for the lower-bound amount of assets at risk of transition-related
stranding, which is in the range of 0.6-8.2% of the overall productive capital stock for our sample
of countries, mainly concentrated in the electricity and gas sector, manufacturing, and mining.
These results confirm the systemic relevance of transition-related risks on European societies.Series: Ecological Economic Papers
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Chen, Tao, and 陳濤. "The impact of ownership structure on financial analysts' information production: the case of Hong Kongcompanies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227211.
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Ajagbe, Stephen Mayowa. "An analysis of the long run comovements between financial system development and mining production in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002689.
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This study examines the nature of the relationship which exists between mining sector production and development of the financial systems in South Africa. This is particularly important in that the mining sector is considered to be one of the major contributors to the country’s overall economic growth. South Africa is also considered to have a very well developed financial system, to the point where the dominance of one over the other is difficult to identify. Therefore offering insight into the nature of this relationship will assist policy makers in identifying the most effective policies in order to ensure that the developments within the financial systems impact appropriately on the mining sector, and ultimately on the economy. In addition to using the conventional proxies of financial system development, this study utilises the principal component analysis (PCA) to construct an index for the entire financial system. The multivariate cointegration approach as proposed by Johansen (1988) and Johansen and Juselius (1990) was then used to estimate the relationship between the development of the financial systems and the mining sector production for the period 1988-2008. The study reveals mixed results for different measures of financial system development. Those involving the banking system show that a negative relationship exists between total mining production and total credit extended to the private sector, while liquid liabilities has a positive relationship. Similarly, with the stock market system, mixed results are also obtained which reveal a negative relationship between total mining production and stock market capitalisation, while a positive relationship is found with secondary market turnover. Of all the financial system variables, only that of stock market capitalisation was found to be significant. The result with the financial development index reveals that a significant negative relationship exists between financial system development and total mining sector production. Results on the other variables controlled in the estimation show that positive and significant relationships exist between total mining production and both nominal exchange rate and political stability respectively. Increased mining production therefore takes place in periods of appreciating exchange rates, and similarly in the post-apartheid era. On the other hand, negative relationships were found for both trade openness and inflation control variables. The impulse response and variance decomposition analyses showed that total mining production explains the largest amount of shocks within itself. Overall, the study reveals that the mining sector might not have benefited much from the development in the South African financial system.
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Hedberg, Elisabeth. "A study of factors relevant for the generation of new technology in OECD countries : A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between stock of knowledge, research effort, competition and knowledge accumulation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-25267.
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This thesis investigates, at the country level, the relationship between innovation output or generation of new technology and input factors such as stock of knowledge, research effort and institutional factors such as competition and intellectual property rights. It is shown that variations in generation of new technology reflect differences in knowledge stock, research effort, product market competition and other institutional factors of OECD countries. The available stock of knowledge and the research effort was shown to have a linear and positive effect on technology generation. It was also shown that the degree of product market competition has a nonlinear effect on technology growth, thereby confirming on a country-level an inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation. Generation of new knowledge was examined using a knowledge production function with annual and accumulated knowledge measured with a patent indicator based on a worldwide count of patent priority filings. A cross-sectional linear regression model was used with secondary data. Independent variables included were the main variables accumulated stock of patent priority filings, the number of FTE researchers in R&D and the Product Market Regulation Index. Institutional bias was accounted for by including the independent variables Index of Patent Rights, administrative patenting fees and a Global Competitiveness Index. The Global Competitiveness index was found to have positive effect on patent productivity and the administrative patenting fees relationship was found to be negative. The results are consistent with theories and empirical findings. The results also highlight the importance of innovation policies that keep costs of patenting low and of adjusting the competition policy of a country to the type of economy in question.
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Li, Jie Xie Xiaolan. "Evaluation et optimisation des performances des systèmes de production distribution." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2006/Li.Jie.SMZ0610.pdf.
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Wong, Hon-wang, and 黃漢宏. "Technical analysis of Hong Kong stocks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263938.
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Gustafsson, Marcus, and Robert Ferm. "Flödesanalys hos Anders Karhner AB." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-409.
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Denna rapport har utförts hos Anders Krahner AB i Skillingaryd som ingår i koncernen Proton Group AB. År 2005 omsatte Proton Group 920 mkr med 730 anställda medan Anders Krahner omsatte 160 mkr med 90 anställda. Anders Krahners kunder finns främst inom fordonsindustrin.
Syftet med rapporten är att studera om möjlighet finns att optimera produktionsflödet för två artiklar i befintliga lokaler. Genom att studera vad som påverkar genomloppstiden för artiklarna negativt kunna ge förslag på hur detta kan förbättras. Frågan är om detta kan ske i dagens lokaler eller är nybyggnation enda sättet att effektivisera produktionsflödet. Studien har skett från råvarulager till det att slutartikeln levereras till kund.
All data i rapporten är hämtad ur Anders Krahners MPS system och baseras på ett års underlag. Ur dessa data har genomsnittstiderna för processtider och lagertider beräknats. Likaså har de planerade tiderna för operationerna erhållits ur MPS systemet. För att få förståelse för materialflödet i produktionen har layoutflödesscheman skapats. Genom analys av dessa har de totala interntransportsträckorna beräknats.
I resultatet framgår det att de planerade operationstiderna stämmer väl överens med de verkliga tiderna. Detta visar på att operationerna fungerar väl ur ett tidsperspektiv, dock finns det vissa kvalitetsbrister. Det som påverkar genomloppstiden mest i negativ riktning är tiden för råvaru- och mellanlager. Ytterligare en bidragande orsak till den långa genomloppstiden är de komplicerade interntransporterna. Vidare orsaker till den komplexa interntransporten är att närhet mellan olika operationsmoment saknas idag. En del av de operationer som utförs för att färdigställa artiklarna sker på legoproduktion. Dessa tillverkningsmoment skapar en del av de komplicerade interntransporterna.
För att skapa närhet mellan de olika operationerna har nya layouter skapats i den befintliga lokalen. En del av de operationer som sker på outsourcing har tagits hem för att ske i egen regi. Detta för att erhålla större kontroll över det totala flödet och öka kvalitén. Den skillnad som uppstår mellan layouterna i den befintliga lokalen jämfört med ny anses vara små då det finns potential i den nuvarande.
This report has been performed at Anders Krahner AB in Skillingaryd which is a part of Proton Group AB. Year 2005 Proton Group had a turnover of 920 smkr with 730 employees while Anders Krahners turnover was 160 smkr with 90 employees. Anders Krahners customers are mostly within the automobile industry.
The aim of this report is to study the possibility to optimize the production flow for two articles in the existing premises. By studying the factors that have a negative impact on the throughput time give proposal of how this can overcome. The question is if this can be done in existing premises or if a new premise is required. The study has been made from raw material stock until the delivery of the end product to the customer.
All the facts have been required from Anders Krahners MPS system and are based on one year’s basis. The average time for the processes and the stock has been calculated from this data. The planed times for the operations has also been collected from their MPS system. To gain an understanding for the production a layout flowchart has been made. Throughout analysis of these the total internal transport stretch has been calculated.
It is shown in the result that the planed operation times equal the actual operation times quite well. This interpret that the operations works well out of a time perspective, but there is a lack of quality at the products. A thing that influences the throughput time negative is the time for raw material- and middle material stock. More reasons to the complex internal transport today are the lack of nearness between operations. A part of the operations that are made in the process in completing the articles are made external. These operations create some of the complicated internal logistics.
To create the wanted nearness between the operations new layouts have been created in the existing premises. Some of the operations that are made external before have been suggested to be made in house. Due to this a greater control over the entire flow is received and higher product quality. The main difference between the suggested layout in the existing premises and a new one is considered to be small.
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Baratou, Paul. "Gestion réactive de stocks intermédiaires d'un flux de production automobile." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-379.pdf.
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Pour repondre aux besoins de la clientele, les constructeurs automobiles ont ete obliges de s'adapter a une diversite grandissante de leur fabrication. Cette fabrication sur les lignes de montage automobile s'apparente a des lignes d'assemblage a modeles melanges qui permettent de produire differents produits a la fois. Pour une utilisation efficace de ces lignes il est necessaire de resoudre deux problemes : l'equilibrage de la ligne et le sequencement des vehicules sur cette ligne. Dans cette these, nous etudions les problemes lies au sequencement des vehicules. Nous proposons des outils pour juger de la qualite des sequences (indicateurs et metriques evaluatives) prenant en compte les problemes de repartition des produits, de ratio de production et de dates ou de positions. Puis nous etudions les differentes approches pour optimiser des sequences. Pour le sequencement predictif, nous proposons une nouvelle procedure combinant des optimisations partielles puis globales qui permet d'obtenir, en limitant le temps de calcul, un flux de bonne qualite et robuste. Cet ordonnancement predictif ne peut etre maintenu au long du processus de fabrication a cause des differents aleas de production. Des stocks intermediaires permettent alors de remettre en sequence le flux. Nous proposons pour ces stocks un algorithme de cadencement (sequencement dynamique des vehicules en respectant la cadence de la ligne) qui optimise la sequence, mais dans un environnement plus critique : une succession de decisions locales (enlignement de chaque vehicule) a valider sur la journee complete, respect du temps cycle de la ligne et vision limitee de l'algorithme au voisinage direct du stock.
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Libosvar, Camille. "Hierarchical production management : the flow-control layer." Metz, 1988. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1988/Libosvar.Camille.SMZ8822.pdf.
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La gestion de production s'intéresse à une classe de décisions à prendre dans une entreprise de production de façon à lui faire atteindre son objectif. Comme le problème à résoudre est très vaste, il faut l'aborder au moyen d'une approche hiérarchisée. Les sytèmes de gestion hiérarchiques se caractérisent par plusieurs niveaux de décision coordonnés. Concevoir de tels systèmes suppose de définir les modèles à utiliser à chaque niveau (enntités, objectif, horizon), et une procédure de coordination. Les modèles étudiés dans ce mémoire sont destinés au niveau haut d'un système hiérarchique; l'outil de production est représenté comme un réseau de sous-systèmes à capacités finies et l'objectif à atteindre est la production à flux tendus de familles de produits. On démontre que pour certaines structures de coûts de stockage, il existe un algorithme très simple pour résoudre ce problème d'optimisation déterministe. On montre également qu'il est possible de relaxer cette contrainte et d'utiliser la programmation dynamique, mais le volume de calcul requis s'en trouve considérablement augmentéProduction Management is concerned with a class of decisions to be made in a manufacturing firm in order to gear it towards its objective. Since this decision making problem is very large, it must be approached hierarchically. Hierarchical production management systems are characterized by several decision levels operating in a coordinated fashion. Designing such systems means defining the models to be used at each level (entities, objective, horizon), and a coordination procedure. The models studied in this work are devised for the higher levels of a hierarchy ; the production system is represented as a network of subsystems with limited capacity and the objective sought is to minimize the flow time of product families. It is proved that under certain assumptions concerning the inventory holding costs, a very simple algorithm exists to solve this deterministic optimization problem. It is then shown that it is possible to relax this assumption by using dynamic programming but the amount of computations required increases dramatically
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Tayibov, Khayyam. "Pricing options on defaultable stocks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och tillämpad matematik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175467.
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Bahroun, Zied. "Contribution à la planification et à la gestion dynamique des systèmes de production cyclique." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2021.
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Les exigences de plus en plus strictes en matières de qualité, de respect de délais et de réactivité ont catalysé l'émergence de nouveaux paradigmes commerciaux qui ont modifié la relation client-fournisseur. La commande contrat à caractère cyclique (cycle périodique de livraisons et quantité prévisionnelle moyenne pour chaque livraison variant dans une plage déterminée) est en train, ainsi, de remplacer la commande classique pour certains types de produits (grande distribution, équipements automobiles, etc. . . ). Ce type de commande impose des exigences fortes en matière de respect des engagements et conduit impérativement à prévoir les moyens d'un ajustement à court terme de la capacité par rapport à la chargeStrong quality and delay requirements have catalysed the emergence of new commercial paradigms which have strongly modified the customer-supplied relationship. Companies frequently moved from the classical order between a customer and a supplier to the notion of a "contract-order" in wich the supplier is linked with the customer through a cyclic delivery schedule with a forecasted quantity for each delivery for certain kinds of products
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Jiang, Xin. "Risk Analysis of Wind Energy Company Stocks." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik (MA), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98039.
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In this thesis, probability theory and risk analysis are used to determine the riskof wind energy stocks. Three stocks of wind energy companies and three stocksof technology companies are gathered and risks are compared. Three difffferent riskmeasures: variance, value at risk, and conditional value at risk are used in this thesis.Conclusions which has been drawn, are that wind energy company stock risks arenot signifificantly lower than the stocks of other companies. Furthermore, optimalportfolios should include short positions of one or two of the energy companies forthe studied time period and under the difffferent risk measures.
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Ellis, Timothy Roberts. "Production and mortality of early life stages of flatfishes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386805.
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Plankton sampling established the presence of a plaice spawning ground off the west coast of the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea. The total production of stage I plaice eggs from this spawning ground in 1993 was estimated at 7.6 x 101 • Theoretically this spawning ground could supply the local nurseries with plaice larvae. Spawning was most intense in March, before the peak in the plankton bloom in the Irish Sea. Predation on plaice eggs by clupeids was studied in March in an area of high plaice egg density to the east of the Isle of Man. Fish eggs formed the bulk of the stomach contents of sprat and herring due to the lack of alternative zooplankton food at this time of year. The later developmental stages of plaice eggs were more vulnerable to predation. This was thought to be due to the increase in pigmentation with embryonic development increasing the contrast between the egg and the water to predators that detect prey visually. Sprat and herring >80 mm showed a strong selection for plaice eggs over smaller pelagic fish eggs. However, the large eggs of plaice had a refuge in size from predation by sprat <80 mm. Smaller clupeids were feeding more actively than larger clupeids, as indicated by stomach fullness and the total number of fish eggs in stomachs. Stomach content data was combined with published biomass estimates and the daily instantaneous mortality rate of plaice eggs due to predation was estimated at 0.023 for sprat and 0.001 for herring. Sprat were therefore an important predator of plaice eggs in the Irish sea, whereas herring seemed of limited significance. Predation by fishes on O-group flatfishes was studied on a Scottish nursery ground by stomach content analysis. Fish predation was shown to be a significant source of mortality and I-group grey gurnards and gadoids were the major predators. Flounder suffered higher predation rates than plaice or dab due to the smaller size at settlement. Predation on plaice and dab was size-selective, concentrated on the smaller individuals. Smaller flatfishes were vulnerable to a greater size range and greater taxonomic range of predators. Predation by O-group cod on O-group dab was limited by the sizes of predator and prey. It was hypothesised that the times of recruitment of flatfishes and their predators to nurseries, and relative growth rates, would affect predation and hence mortality. The handling time of O-group flatfishes by O-group cod in laboratory experiments was positively related to flatfish size and negatively related to cod size. The handling time of plaice was longer than for dab of a similar size due to the difference in body shape. Profitability of flatfishes (wet weight gained per unit handling time) decreased monotonically with flatfish size over the range of prey and predator sizes used. It was therefore predicted that when O-group cod forage in the field the smallest O-group flatfishes would be the most profitable and would be behaviourally selected for. However, the selection of prey by cod was suggested to be determined by both behavioural and physical processes. There was evidence that behavioural selection of prey occurred at the ingestion stage of feeding. The current evidence for density-dependent processes in the juvenile stage of plaice was reviewed. Both the data in support of, and the processes thought to cause, density-dependent mortality in the juvenile phase were equivocal. It was hypothesised that density-dependent mortality occurs in the early egg stages of plaice and evidence, and the rationale for a potential predatory process resulting in such mortality, were presented.
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Truong, Van Vinh. "Carbon stocks and fluxes in tropical mangrove (Southern Vietnam)." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NCAL0002.
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Les forêts de mangrove contribuent de manière significative au flux d'énergie, au cycle des nutriments et du carbone dans l'océan côtier, étant un puits pour le CO2 atmosphérique. Les forêts de mangroves sont très productives et stockent une quantité élevée de carbone à la fois dans leurs sols et dans leur biomasse.Au cours de la décomposition de la litière, les nutriments et le carbone peuvent être recyclés ou exportés vers les écosystèmes adjacents par l'action des marées. La mangrove de Can Gio (Ho Chi Minh Ville, Vietnam), dégradée par l'épandage de défoliants pendant la guerre du Vietnam, a pu être restaurée grâce à la replantation et à la régénération naturelle. À ce jour, la forêt de mangrove de Can Gio est la plus grande forêt de mangrove contiguë au Vietnam, et est devenue la première réserve biosphère UNESCO dans ce pays. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était de caractériser le cycle du carbone dans la forêt de mangrove tropicale.Les résultats de cette thèse ont permis de:- Développer des équations allométriques permettant d’estimer la biomasse aérienne de la forêt plantée de mangroves de l’espèceRhizophora apiculatadans le sud du Vietnam;- Calculer les stocks de carbone totaux dans différents peuplements de mangrove se développant sous le climat tropical du sud du Vietnam;- Caractériser les taux de décomposition de la litière et évaluer la dynamique des nutriments et des métaux traces au cours des processus de dégradation de la litière, ainsi que l'évolution de δ13C pendant la décomposition;- Déterminer la variabilité saisonnière des flux de CO2 à différentes interfaces: sol-air, eau-air et tronc-air, et caractériser les profils de concentration en CO2 dans la canopéeMangrove forests significantly contribute to energy flow, nutrient and carbon cycling in the coastal ocean, being a sink for atmospheric CO2. Mangroves forests are highly productive and store high amount of carbon both in their soils and in their biomass. During leaf litter decomposition, nutrients and carbon can be recycled or exported to adjacent ecosystems by the tidal action. Can Gio mangrove, degraded by the spraying of defoliants during the Vietnam War, successfully recovered through replantation and natural regeneration after 40 years. To date, the Can Gio mangrove forest is the largest contiguous mangrove forest in Vietnam, and became the first Mangrove Biosphere Reserve in this country. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to characterize carbon cycling within the Can Gio mangrove forest, which is a tropical one.The results of this PhD thesis allowed to: - Develop allometric equations and to estimate the aboveground biomass of Rhizophora apiculata Blume planted mangroves forest in Southern Vietnam; - Calculate the total carbon stocks in different mangrove stands developing under the tropical climate of Southern Vietnam; - Characterize the leaf litter decomposition rates, and assess nutrients and trace metals dynamics during litter decay processes, as well as the evolution of δ13C during decay; - Determine the seasonal variability CO2 fluxes at different interfaces: soil-air, water-air and trunk-air, and to characterize CO2 concentrations profiles in the canopy
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Hadj, Youssef Khaled. "Pilotage des systèmes de production à flux mixtes : production à la commande et production par anticipation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0951.
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Dans le cas d'une production à la commande (Make To Order), l'ordre de production n'est passé à l'exécution qu'après la réception d'une commande ferme. Dans le cas d'une production par anticipation (Make To Stock), les produits sont fabriqués par anticipation des demandes futures et placés dans un stock à partir duquel les demandes seront directement satisfaites. Il est assez fréquent de combiner ces deux modes fondamentaux (MTO et MTS) ; en particulier dans les secteurs industriels où l'activité de l'entreprise se partage en deux grandes activités. Une activité de base, associée à un nombre réduit de références produites régulièrement en grandes quantités (the High Volume products), et une activité complémentaire, associée à la production irrégulière en faible quantité d'un grand nombre de références différentes (the Low Volume products). Dans une telle situation, l'activité de base (HV) est généralement gérée en MTS tandis que l'activité complémentaire (LV) est gérée en MTO. L'approche la plus simple pour piloter ces flux consiste à utiliser une politique " premier arrivé premier sorti " (First-In-First-Out). Les demandes seront donc traitées selon leur ordre d'arrivée indépendamment du fait qu'ils soient HV ou LV. Une approche alternative consiste à donner une priorité aux produits LV (the PRiority policy). L'idée est de donner une réactivité maximale pour ces produits, permettant ainsi de les fabriquer à la commande tout en leur assurant encore une bonne réactivité par rapport aux clients. L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier l'intérêt de cette deuxième approche (le mode PR), en terme de coût et aussi en terme d'impact sur le choix optimal des modes MTO et/ou MTS.
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Foo, Yong Ning. "A diagnostic analysis of retail out-of-stocks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41734.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 101).
In the highly competitive retail industry, merchandise out-of-stock (OOS) is a significant and pertinent problem. This thesis performs a diagnostic analysis on retail out-of-stocks using empirical data from a major retailer. In this thesis, we establish the empirical relationship of OOS rate with the amount of safety stock carried, the time between orders and the forecast error, providing insights to the effects of these three factors on the probability of OOS occurrences. The root causes of OOS are also examined in the thesis. We find that up to 34% of OOS can be attributed to forecast error while up to 22% can be attributed to delay in order replenishment. For the OOSs that were associated with order delay, we can trace 60% of these to out-of-stock at the store's distribution center (DC). The thesis also examines a peculiarity in the occurrence of OOSs. We found that the OOS rate of Class C items is significantly higher in stores with higher sales volume. We can attribute much of this phenomenon to three factors: stores with higher sales volume hold less safety stock for Class C items, have a shorter time between orders and have relatively larger forecast errors.
by Yong Ning Foo.
S.M.
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Vercraene, Samuel. "Gestion des stocks et de la production intégrant des retours de produits." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789181.
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De nombreux retours de produits dus au recyclage et à la réutilisation des déchets se développent dans le but de préserver les ressources naturelles limitées de notre planète. Ces nouveaux flux interagissant avec les flux de production traditionnels, il est important de les piloter de façon à satisfaire au mieux les demandes des clients et minimiser l'encours dans la chaîne logistique. Nos travaux s'inscrivent dans cette démarche. Nous nous plaçons dans un contexte où la capacité de production est limitée et nous considérons un problème opérationnel de gestion des stocks et de la production intégrant des flux de retours. Nous modélisons trois problèmes de production et de stockage à temps continu, avec des capacités de production limitées, des délais aléatoires et des coûts linéaires. Le premier prenant en compte la probabilité qu'un produit puisse être réutilisé comme produit fini ou seulement comme produit semi-fini (par partie), le deuxième présentant un problème où la réutilisation d'un retour comme produit fini nécessite une étape de remise à neuf et le troisième modélisant un système où les clients préviennent à l'avance du renvoi potentiel de leurs produits. Outre la caractérisation des politiques optimales de gestion, une part importante de nos contributions réside dans l'évaluation des performances de différentes politiques heuristiques et l'étude de l'impact de la capacité de production sur celles-ci. Enfin, nous nous servons dans tout ce document d'outils permettant la caractérisation des politiques optimales. La dernière partie de ce document vise à développer ces outils et à permettre l'étude de l'effet des paramètres d'un système formulé en processus de décision Markovien sur la politique optimale de celui-ci.
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Tam, Hon Keung. "Estimation risk, information asymmetry and information production in public equity offerings /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?FINA%202004%20TAM.
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Karalli, Serge Michael. "THE MULTI-FAMILY ECONOMIC LOT SCHEDULING PROBLEM WITH SAFETY STOCKS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1094323177.
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Camisullis, Carole. "Les déterminants de la capacité d’une chaîne logistique amont." Paris 9, 2008. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/handle/123456789/15423.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux déterminants de la capacité d’une chaîne logistique-amont dont le dernier maillon est une ligne d’assemblage permettant une production de masse de produits fortement diversifiés. La définition de la capacité d’une unité de production élémentaire est relativement aisée dans le cas d’une production homogène. Notre recherche met progressivement en évidence les facteurs qui conditionnent la capacité d’une unité de production de plus en plus complexe, en supposant qu’il ne puisse y avoir de rupture de charge ni de rupture d’approvisionnement. La capacité d’un ensemble constitué de deux maillons successifs de la chaîne logistique correspond à la plus faible des capacités de chacun de ces maillons, à condition que le maillon amont ne travaille que pour le maillon aval et que les règles de pilotage des flux assurent l’indépendance de gestion de chaque maillon. Ces règles sont explorées, avec la mise en évidence de l’intérêt d’une utilisation judicieuse des informations certaines et irréversibles de l’aval, combinées avec les informations de structure au-delà. De plus, nos travaux analysent l’impact du lotissement des approvisionnements qui oblige à détenir un stock de sécurité, même en univers certain. Des études comparatives sont conduites pour montrer la supériorité des règles proposées par rapport à celles utilisées par le constructeur automobile commanditaire de cette recherche. Nous évoquons enfin des situations plus complexes caractérisées par le partage de l’approvisionnement de composants alternatifs entre plusieurs fournisseurs et le cas d’un fournisseur ayant plusieurs clients n’appartenant pas nécessairement à la même chaîne logistiqueThis thesis is interested in capacity determinants of an upstream supply chain, in which the last entity is an assembly line allowing a mass production of customized products. Capacity definition of an elementary production unit is almost easy in the case of an homogeneous production. Our research work progressively highlights the factors that determine the capacity of a more and more complex production unit, assuming that there are no work shortage and no stock-out. The capacity of a group formed by two successive entities of a supply chain is the lowest capacity of these units, under the condition that the supplier works for the industrial customer and the control rules guarantee the management independence for each entity. These rules are explored, to put in evidence good utilization interest of sure and unmoved information from the industrial customer, in addition to structural information for following periods. In addition, our works analyze supplying lot-sizing impact, which leads to have a safety stock even in deterministic universe. Different comparative studies were done to show superiority of the proposed rules, in comparison to those used by the automotive constructor, who is at the origin of this research. We finally handle more complex situations, characterized by alternate components supplying sharing between several suppliers and the case of one supplier providing several industrial customers who don’t necessarily belong to the same supply chain
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Cheaitou, Ali. "Stochastic models for production-Inventory planning : application to short life-cycle products." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1066.
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Dans le domaine du « Supply Chain Management » la source principale d’incertitude est la demande future. L’impact de l’incertitude de lademande sur les performances de la « Supply Chain » est important: par exemple, le taux mondial de rupture de stock, dans l’industrie dedistribution était en 2007 de 8. 3%. De l’autre côté, le taux mondial de produits invendus, dans la grande distribution, était en 2003 de 1%. Ces deux types de coûts, qui sont dus essentiellement à l’incertitude de la demande, représentent des pertes significatives pour lesdifférents acteurs de la « Supply Chain ». Dans cette thèse, on s’intéresse au développement de modèles mathématiques de planification de production et de gestion de stock, quiprennent en compte ce phénomène d’incertitude sur la demande, essentiellement pour de produits à court cycle de vie. On proposeplusieurs modèles de planification de production, à petit horizon de planification, qui prennent en compte les différents aspects de notreproblématique, telles que la remise à jour des prévisions de la demande et les options de retour « Payback » des produits. On souligne,dans ces modèles, un aspect important qui prend de l’ampleur à cause de la mondialisation, et qui est lié à la différence entre les coûtsde production des différents fournisseurs. . On propose à la fin de la thèse, un modèle généralisé qui pourrait être appliqué à des produitsà long cycle de vie, et qui exploite quelques résultats obtenus pour les produits à court cycle de vie. Tous ces modèles sont résolusanalytiquement ou bien numériquement en utilisant la programmation dynamique stochastiqueIn the Supply Chain Management domain, the main source of randomness is the future demand. The influence of this demand variabilityon the performance of the Supply Chain is very important: for example, in 2007 the global inventory shortage rate in the retail industrywere around 8. 3%. On the other hand, in 2003 the global Unsaleable products cost around 1% in the grocery industry. These two types ofcosts, which are mainly caused by the uncertainty of the future demand, represent important lost for the whole Supply Chain actors. This Ph. D. Dissertation aims at developing mathematical production planning and inventory management models, which take intoconsideration the randomness of the future demand in order to reduce its economic negative impact, essentially for short life cycleproducts. We provide many planning models that consider the main issues of the planning problems, such as the production capacities,the information updating processes, the supply contracts and the advanced capacity reservation in a total costs minimization context. Weconsider in these models some aspects that are not considered in the literature, such as the “Payback” or the return options. Weemphasize also on an important issue that characterize the globalization of the industry, which may be resumed in the difference betweenthe procurement costs of the different suppliers. This issue is considered in the most chapters presenting models for short life cycleproducts and in the last chapter it is generalized to a long life cycle products setting. All the presented models are solved eitheranalytically or numerically using the dynamic stochastic programming
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Gaujour, Etienne. "Evaluation des sources d'espèces et des déterminants de la diversité végétale des parcelles agricoles : interchamps, stock semencier, pratiques agricoles et paysage de l'Installation Expérimentale Inra ASTER Mirecourt." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL020N/document.
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L'un des moyens pour faire face à la réduction de l'utilisation d'intrants de synthèse est de favoriser durablement les services agro-écologiques de la diversité végétale. Pour cela, l'agriculteur devra adapter ses modes de gestion. Ma thèse s'inscrit dans l'objectif finalisé d'apporter à l'agriculteur, de l'aide à la gestion de cette diversité végétale sur le territoire de son exploitation. Je me suis fixé 2 objectifs de recherche : i) vérifier si les interchamps et le stock semencier constituent des sources d'espèces pour le centre des parcelles agricoles et ii) quantifier l'influence de la dynamique de deux grands groupes de facteurs, représentée sous la forme de trajectoires de parcelles, sur la diversité végétale : les pratiques agricoles et les caractéristiques de la mosaïque paysagère.J'ai mené ce travail sur l'ensemble du parcellaire de l'Installation Expérimentale de l'Inra ASTER Mirecourt, dont les systèmes de production (polyculture-élevage bovin laitier) sont convertis à l'agriculture biologique depuis 2004. J'ai caractérisé la végétation - en place dans les interchamps et au centre des parcelles, et dans le stock semencier - des parcelles en prairies permanentes et en champs cultivés selon deux approches complémentaires : taxonomique au rang de l'espèce et fonctionnelle à partir de sept propriétés rendant compte de la dissémination, de l'établissement et de la survie des espèces végétales. J'ai caractérisé les trajectoires des parcelles, sur une durée de neuf ans, soit à partir des pratiques agricoles mises en œuvre chaque année, soit à partir des caractéristiques annuelles de la mosaïque paysagère. Cette mosaïque correspond aux différentes occupations du sol obtenues à partir de relevés de terrain ou d'enquêtes auprès des exploitants.Je montre que le stock semencier et les interchamps ne constituent pas des sources potentielles d'espèces végétales pour le centre des parcelles, champs cultivés ou prairies permanentes. En revanche, ce sont des refuges importants pour une grande partie des espèces prairiales. Au vu de mes résultats, je fais l'hypothèse que les interchamps sont des puits d'espèces adventices en champs cultivés. J'ai également mis en évidence que le gradient fonctionnel de la végétation prairiale entre la bordure et le centre s'étend jusqu'à 2 m seulement.Enfin, la diversité végétale des parcelles étudiées est principalement influencée par la trajectoire des parcelles selon les caractéristiques de la mosaïque paysagère et par les pratiques agricoles mises en œuvre durant l'année en cours. Les caractéristiques du sol ont un rôle très minoritaire. Ces trois groupes de facteurs expliquent à eux seuls plus des trois quarts de la variabilité de la composition fonctionnelle de la végétation.La gestion de la diversité végétale des parcelles agricoles d'une exploitation peut donc être menée en partie par l'agriculteur. Cependant, compte-tenu des effets de la trajectoire des parcelles selon les caractéristiques paysagères, il est nécessaire de mettre aussi en place une gestion collective de la végétation entre les différents acteurs partageant le territoireOne of the means to offset the decrease of pesticide use is to favour agro-ecological services of plant diversity. In this aim, farmer will have to adapt its farming management. My work partly answers to the following applied objective: to bring to the farmer some advices for the management of plant diversity on the farm territory. I have two scientific objectives: i) to verify if field boundaries and soil seed bank are potential sources of plant species for field centres; ii) to quantify the relative influence of dynamics of two factor groups, characterized as field paths, on plant diversity: farming practices and characteristics of landscape mosaïc.I have carried out this study on the experimental farm of INRA ASTER Mirecourt. Its farming systems (mixed crop-dairy systems) have been converted to organic farming since 2004. I have characterized vegetation - established vegetation in field boundaries and in field centres, and vegetation in the soil seed bank - of permanent grasslands and arable fields with complementary approaches: taxonomical approach based on the species, and functional approach based on seven functional properties about dispersal, establishment and persistence of plant species. I have characterized field paths, along nine years, either from farming practices set up on field, either from annual characteristics of landscape mosaïc. I have represented this landscape mosaïc as a mosaïc of distinct land-uses. All of them and their spatialization have been determined from farmer surveys or landscape observations.My results show that soil seed bank and field bboundaries are not potential sources of plant species for field centres, in both permanent grasslands and arable fields. On the other hand, they are efficient refuges for a large part of grassland species. According to my results, I hypothesize that field boudaries are species sinks in arable fields. I also highlight that functional gradient of grassland vegetation in the field edge, between field margins and field centres, is spread until 2 m only.Finally, plant diversity in studied fields is mainly influenced by field path according landscape mosaïc and by farming practices set up the same year of vegetation sampling. Soil characteristics have a minor influence. These three groups of influent factors explain more than 75 % of the functional composition variability of the vegetation in field centres.The management of plant diversity in agricultural fields of a given farm can be partly reach by the farmer. However, according to the effects of field paths about landscape mosaïc, it is necessary to set up a collective management of plant diversity with all actors sharing the studied territory
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Zerhouni, Mohamed Hichem. "Intégration des flux inverses dans la gestion des stocks et de la production." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999267.
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Le recyclage des produits et matériaux est en plein essor depuis quelques années, non plus seulement pour des raisons économiques mais aussi pour des raisons écologiques. Les législations ayant été mises en place obligent les industriels à recycler leurs produits. Ainsi sommes-nous en train de passer d'une société industrielle fortement dissipatrice en matières premières à une société basée sur le recyclage (Mathieux, 2002). En termes logistiques, cette évolution sociétale donne lieu à un flux grandissant de matières du consommateur au producteur : les flux inverses. Nous voulons nous intéresser au cas où le producteur est confronté à un retour de ses propres produits, en quantités variables. Ce flux retour, en s'ajoutant au flux de production initial, perturbe et complique la gestion classique des stocks (stocks en excès) et de la production (DeCroix et al., 2005). L'objectif de cette thèse est alors de proposer des modèles de gestion des stocks qui intègrent des flux inverses. Sur ces modèles, nous rechercherons des stratégies performantes d'approvisionnement des stocks qui prennent en compte les flux inverses (aléatoires), et ce a¯n de réduire le coût global du système. Par ailleurs, et au delà de la recherche de ces stratégies d'approvisionnement, une part importante de nos contributions réside dans les études numériques qui seront menées sur nos modèles a¯n de tester la validité, l'utilité ou la pertinence de certaines hypothèses.
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Zani, Caio Fernandes. "Evaluation of soil carbon stocks in response to management changes in sugarcane production." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-24082015-143738/.
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Brazilian commodities, such as ethanol, are looking for sustainable production to suit the international market demands. An important parameter for assessing sustainability is the carbon (C) footprint calculation of the product. Thus, studies of the variations in soil C stocks on the ethanol production are essential. Studies in relation to land use change are already been developed; however information about parameters of management changes on the sugarcane production is needed. The aim of this research was to evaluate the soil C stock in response to two main management changes in sugarcane production: i) no vinasse to vinasse application (NV-V), ii) burned to unburned harvesting system (B-UB). We also evaluated soil C stock changes in a chronosequence irrigation practices (native vegetation (NV), sugarcane irrigated 4 years (I4) and 6 years (I6), a new management in semi-arid and drought regions in Brazil which also aims high yields. Modelling approaches in order to assess long-term effects were also analysed. The NV-V transition showed higher soil C stock for V regime for topsoil layers 0-40 cm depth mainly due to the addition of organic compounds to the soil. Vinasse can also enhance biomass production and crop yield. The B-UB transition showed higher soil C stock in the UB regime from 20 to 60 cm depth due to higher organic matter accumulation from the maintenance of the straw to the field. The cumulative soil C stock for 1 metre depth had an increase of 1.1 and 0.75 Mg C ha-1 y-1 in the NV-V and B-UB transitions, respectively. From modelling was observed that V and UB sites had an increase of soil C stock by 2150, being a difference of 2.8 and 23 Mg ha-1 in the equilibrium state between NV-V and B-UB regimes, respectively. In the irrigation practices, the I4 showed higher soil C stock than NV in the 20 to 40 cm; while I6 was lower than NV in the 50 to 100 cm depth. Simulated long-term analyses showed increase of topsoil C stock of 12 and 13 Mg ha-1 for I6 and I4 area, respectively, compared to NV on 2100. The results in this study are pioneers in relation to soil C stock studies in the management transitions and irrigation practices. This information may be used as a basis for public policies decision which dealing of the land use and global warmingCommodities brasileiras, como o etanol, estão à procura de uma produção sustentável para atender às exigências do mercado internacional. Um parâmetro importante para avaliar a sustentabilidade é o cálculo da pegada de carbono (C) do produto. Assim, os estudos sobre as variações nos estoques de carbono do solo (ECS) sobre a produção de etanol são essenciais. Estudos em relação à mudança no uso da terra já estão sendo desenvolvidos; no entanto informações sobre parâmetros de mudanças de manejo na produção de cana de açúcar são necessárias. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o ECS em resposta a duas principais mudanças de manejo: i) não vinhaça para aplicação de vinhaça (NV-V), ii) sistema queimado para não queimado (B-UB). Mudanças de ECS também foram avaliadas em sistemas de irrigação em cronoseqüência: vegetação nativa (NV), cana de açúcar irrigada por 4 anos (I4) e por 6 anos (I6). Modelagem matemática para avaliar o efeito a longo prazo também foi analisada. A transição NV-V apresentou maior ECS para o regime V em 40 cm de profundidade, devido principalmente à adição de compostos orgânicos ao solo. A vinhaça também pode aumentar a produção de biomassa e rendimento da cultura. A transição B-UB apresentou maior ECS no regime UB em 20-60 cm de profundidade devido ao acúmulo de matéria orgânica a partir da manutenção da palha no campo. O ECS acumulado para 1 metro de profundidade obteve um aumento de 1,1 e 0,75 Mg C ha-1 y-1 nas transições NV-V e B-UB, respectivamente. A partir de modelagem foi observado que os regimes V e UB obteve um aumento de ECS em 2150, sendo uma diferença de 2,8 e 23 Mg ha-1 no estado de equilíbrio para os regimes NV-V e B-UB, respectivamente. Nas práticas de irrigação, o I4 foi superior ao NV nos 20 a 40 cm; enquanto que I6 foi inferior a NV na profundidade de 50 a 100 cm. As análises de simulação a longo prazo mostraram um aumento de ECS de 12 e 13 Mg ha-1 para as áreas I6 e I4, respectivamente, em comparação com NV em 2100. Os resultados deste estudo são pioneiros em relação aos estudos de ECS nas mudanças de manejo e práticas de irrigação. Esta informação pode ser usada como base para a decisão de políticas públicas que lidam com o uso da terra e do aquecimento global
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Smith, Neale R. "An integrated solution methodology for two-stage manufacturing operations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25096.
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Yam, Hon-chuen. "Statistical analysis of some technical trading rules in financial markets /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17390138.
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Lion, Majed, and Daniel Ramström. "Production Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222274.
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Ha, Kong-kuen. "A study on the relationship between stock price and turnover in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1232579X.
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Mendy, Bilek Gisèle. "Apport de la production synchrone dans l'amélioration du pilotage de la production sur une chaine logistique." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090018.
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Dans un environnement de production de masse fortement diversifiée où l'information de la demande peut être transmise à l'avance dans un ordre prédéterminé, la question de la meilleure utilisation de cette information se pose sur une chaîne logistique. Cette situation amène l'auteur à analyser la performance des techniques de pilotage de la production existantes et à proposer de nouvelles règles plus efficientes permettant la production synchrone sur une chaîne logistique. Cette nouvelle politique, développée dans le cadre d'un contrat de recherche dans l'industrie automobile, évite les ruptures de stock et diminue nettement les stocks de sécurité. La performance relative de ces techniques dépend de leurs caractéristiques intrinsèques mais aussi de celles liées à la partie étudiée de cette chaîne logistique. L'auteur va plus loin dans sa démarche et propose une prise en compte simultanée de ces différents facteurs de contingence pour déterminer le choix à opérer
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Belmansour, Ahmed-Tidjani. "Évaluation de l'efficacité de lignes de production avec machines multi-états et stocks intermédiaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28247/28247.pdf.
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Boissière, Julien. "Gestion des stocks dans une chaîne logistique de distribution en coordination avec la production." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0129.
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La gestion des stocks est un problème clé pour l'entreprise notamment dans les chaînes de distribution de produits. Classiquement les études concernant la gestion des stocks se font dans des systèmes complexes mais sous des hypothèses que nous trouvons fortes. La première est que le site le plus amont du système peut disposer de n'importe quelle quantité de produits immédiatement : son fournisseur est parfait. La seconde hypothèse est que les coûts de stockage des produits croissent au fil des sites logistiques. Si cela est clairement vrai en production, c'est moins évident en distribution. Nous faisons ce constat dans le premier chapitre du mémoire. Aussi, nous avons étudié ce qu'il se passe si on lève ces hypothèses dans une chaîne de distribution en série : un producteur livre une chaîne de sites logistiques pour satisfaire une demande constante et continue. Dans le second chapitre de notre travail, nous montrons que dans un système composé de 3 sites (producteur, site logistique, détaillant) la constitution de tailles de lots multiples est très performante : elle coûte moins de 1,51% plus cher que les tailles de lots optimales. Nous proposons également une amélioration de cette garantie à 0. 5%. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous construisons des heuristiques permettant d'obtenir une politique de taille de lot performante dans un système de N sites en série. Si nos résultats sont en moyenne intéressants, leur robustesse est limitée. Dans le dernier chapitre nous étudions l'intérêt d'une coordination entre production et distribution sur un système composé de 3 sites en série. Nous y identifions les paramètres influents et l'impact des périmètres d'influence des acteursInventory management is of major interest for competitiveness in distribution chains. Classical inventory management and lot-sizing studies are done for complex systems but with some strong assumptions. The first of these is that the first logistic stage may obtain whatever quantity immediately from its supplier: we say that this supplier is a perfect supplier. The second assumption is that holding costs are supposed to be non-decreasing as products flow along the chain. This last assumption is clearly true in production systems, but not obviously in distribution systems. This result arises in the first chapter of the thesis. Based on this, we studied serial distribution systems in which we added a supplier and with no assumption on holding costs: a supplier fills a continuous and constant demand through some logistics sites. In the second chapter, we show that in such a system with 3 stages (production-logistics-retailer) integer ratio lot-sizing is very efficient: it is guaranted to be less than 1. 51% more expensive than the optimal lot-sizing. We also propose an upgrade of this guarantee to 0. 5%. In the third chapter, we build up heuristics for getting some lot-sizing policies in a N-stages serial chain. Our results are quite good on average but show a lack of robustness. In the last chapter we investigate the importance of coordination between production and distribution in a 3-levels system. We spot major parameters and study different influence areas of actors
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Liu, Qun. "Some aspects of the population analysis of commercial fish stocks." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280464.
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Bjärkby, Sarah, and Sofia Grägg. "A Cluster Analysis of Stocks to Define an Investment Strategy." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252746.
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This thesis investigates the possibilities of creating an investment strategy by performing a cluster analysis on stock returns. This to provide a diversified portfolio, which has multiple advantages, for instance that the risk of the investment decreases. The cluster analysis was performed using various methods – Average linkage, Centroid and Ward's method, for the purpose of determining a preferable method. Ward's method was the most appropriate method to use according to the results, since it was the only method providing an analysable result. The investment strategy was therefore based on the result of Ward's method. This resulted in a portfolio consisting of eight stocks from four different clusters, with the eight stocks representing four sectors. Most of the results were not interpretable and some of the decision making regarding the number of clusters and the appropriate portfolio composition was not entirely scientific. Therefore, this thesis should be considered as a first indication of the adequacy of using cluster analysis for the purpose of creating an investment strategy.Rapporten undersöker möjligheterna att formulera en investeringsstrategi genom att utföra en klusteranalys av aktiers avkastning. En klusteranalys används i detta syfte för att skapa en diversifierad portfölj, vilket bland annat kan minska risken med investeringar. De metoder som tillämpades i klusteranalysen var Average linkage-, Centroid- and Ward's metod. Metoderna jämfördes med syfte att hitta den mest gynnsamma metoden. Enligt resultaten är Ward’s metod att föredra då det var den enda metod som gav ett användbart resultat. Därför baserades investeringsstrategin på Ward's metod vilket resulterade i en portfölj med åtta aktier från fyra olika kluster. De åtta aktierna representerade fyra olika sektorer. Flertalet av resultaten erhållna från metoderna var inte möjliga att analysera och valet av antalet kluster samt konstruktionen av portföljen utfördes inte på vetenskapliga grunder. Därför ska denna rapport endast betraktas som en första indikation på lämpligheten att ta fram en investeringsanalys baserat på en klusteranalys.
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Kuai, Jiaqi. "Who stocks the shelf? : an analysis of retail replenishment strategies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40103.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55).
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the trade-offs of two retail replenishment strategies, DSD (Direct Store Delivery) model and Traditional model. Conceptual and cost models are set up to analyze the trade-offs, and numerous interviews were conducted to obtain insights from academic scholars and industry practitioners. Retail products, retailers and suppliers are categorized according to their synthesized attributes. Based on such categories, retail replenishment strategies are tested to determine which categories are more suitable for DSD or traditional strategies. Besides qualitative analysis on tradeoffs of alternatives, quantitative cost models are built to quantify the tradeoffs between alternatives.
by Jiaqi (Philip) Kuai
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Dudouet, Claude. "Une méthode de gestion de production en flux tirés à flexibilités paramétrables : application au cas de l'automobile." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0425.
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La problématique retenue est la production sur commandes à délais courts concernant des produits finis assembles, définis dans des catalogues offrant une diversité élevée: automobiles, ordinateurs, avions, mobiliers de cuisine, véhicules motorises à deux roues, etc. Une solution, encore peu pratiquée même dans l'automobile, consiste à piloter tous les flux, fournisseurs inclus, à partir des commandes de produits finis des clients en utilisant des mécanismes appropriés ; parmi ceux-ci, le remplacement des consommations réelles (ou Kanban du groupe japonais Toyota) ; ces mécanismes intègrent un paramétrage des flexibilités, d'origine commerciale, qui contribue au dimensionnement des ressources industrielles, dont des stocks conçus comme réserves de flexibilités. Les coûts industriels de cette flexibilité sont largement compensés par les économies réalisables dans les dépenses de distribution commerciale. Une telle approche favorise la décentralisation du rôle de donneur d'ordres au niveau des agents de production et de manutention eux-mêmes, contribuant ainsi à un meilleur équilibre des responsabilités dans la vie industrielle courante. Cette méthode complète, grâce à ses spécificités, les systèmes de gestion des flux déjà connus qui privilégient en général le pilotage des flux par des programmes ou des plans directeurs ; un système de flux tirés à flexibilités paramétrables ne convient pas dans le cas de matières périssables mais intéresse les entreprises qui ont besoin d'une gestion des flux nettement orientée vers le client tout en restant simple et conviviale en production, fournisseurs inclus
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Li, Jie. "Évaluation et optimisation des performances des systèmes de production distribution." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Li.Jie.SMZ0610.pdf.
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Nous considérons un système de production-distribution composé d’un ensemble d’unités de production et d’entrepôts disposées en série et connectés par des facilités de transport. Chaque entrepôt est contrôlé par une politique donnée de gestion de stock et il est approvisionnée par une unité de production amont de capacité finie. On considère un seul type de produit fini. Le problème à résoudre est de déterminer le meilleur paramétrage de la politique de gestion de stock sur l’ensemble du système tout en prenant en compte les contraintes sur la capacité de production, le taux de service client souhaité et les délais de transport. Nos travaux de recherche ont permit le développement d’une méthodologie d’optimisation des paramètres de gestion du stock basée sur la simulation, qui permet de trouver les paramètres de la politique de gestion du stock qui minimisent le coût sur l’ensemble du système de production-distribution. L’efficacité de l’approche proposée a été vérifiée par des expérimentes numériquesThis thesis considers a production-distribution system made up of a set of production sites and distribution centers connected by the transport facilities. Each distribution center is managed by a given stock management policy. The aim is to find the best parameters setting of the stock management policy through the whole network in order to optimize the overall performances of the production-distribution system while taking into account the finite production capacity, the customer service requirement, the transport time, and the random customer demand. The results obtained during this PhD thesis allowed to develop a methodology of optimization for the parameter setting of inventory control policies management in the production-distribution systems. Thus, we proposed a simulation based optimization approach which computes the setting that minimizes the overall inventory cost of the production-distribution system, while taking into account fill rate constraints. The approach iss validated by a large number of numerical experiments
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Pu, Hansong. "An Analysis of Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative Stock." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277588/.
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This dissertation examines whether Percs, Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative Stocks, are properly priced regarding to the relevant securities, such as the underlying common stock, the long-term call option of the stock, and so on. Test results indicate that Percs were overpriced with respect to the equivalent packages composed of the relevant securities. Further tests on arbitrage restrictions show that transaction costs would prevent arbitrage profits. This dissertation also examines the market reactions to Percs offerings. Test results reveal that the market reactions to the announcement of Percs offering and the actual issuance are both significantly negative. Compared to the market reaction on common stock offering announcement, the market reaction on Percs offering announcement is weaker. The overpricing of Percs and the weaker reaction of the market suggest that Percs may have advantages in transaction costs, taxes and some corporate finance issues.
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Schmidt, Brian A. "Determining the Habitat Limitations of Maumee River Walleye Production to Western Lake Erie Fish Stocks." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1463067261.
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Кузьміна, Г. С. "Управління виробничими запасами підприємства (на прикладі ТОВ «Телекарт-Прилад»)." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Kuzmina.pdf.
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У роботі розглянуто сутність виробничих запасів на підприємстві, класифікацію та облік запасів на підприємстві, основи управління виробничими запасами підприємства.
Наведена загальна характеристика підприємства ТОВ «Телекарт-Прилад», виконано аналіз фінансово-економічного стану підприємства, проведено аналіз ефективності управління виробничими запасами підприємства ТОВ «Телекарт-Прилад».
Запропоновано підвищити ефективність використання виробничих запасів за рахунок впровадження ERP системи управління виробництвом та запасами та за рахунок нормування обсягу поставки.The essence of production stocks at the enterprise, classification and accounting of stocks at the enterprise, bases of management of production stocks of the enterprise are considered in the work. The general characteristic of the enterprise of LLC Telekart-Prilad is resulted, the analysis of a financial and economic condition of the enterprise is executed, the analysis of efficiency of management of production stocks of the enterprise of LLC Telekart-Prilad is carried out. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of the use of inventories through the introduction of ERP production and inventory management system and through the rationing of the volume of supply.
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Wong, Michael C. S. "Technical analysis and market inefficiency a study of the Hong Kong stock market /." online access from ProQuest databases, 1997. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/pqdiss.pl?9907800.
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Kawawa, Dennis. "Inflation hedging with South African common stocks: a JSE sectoral analysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71526.
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Inflation risk erodes purchasing power, redistributes wealth from lenders to borrowers and threatens investor’s long-term objectives, which are often specified in real terms; financial market volatility presents an additional risk for investors and portfolio managers concerned with not only real returns but also absolute returns. Understanding key investment risks, of which inflation is one, is crucial for investment managers in order to design effective hedging strategies to preserve wealth over the long run. Empirical tests of the Fisher hypothesis in South Africa have shown that common stocks are a good hedge against inflation. However, empirical evidence from developed countries has also shown that the relationship between common stocks and inflation is heterogeneous across the sectors and industries. This paper analysed the sectoral differences in the hedging ability of South African common stocks to test for this heterogeneity. The paper presents disaggregated sector models to test heterogeneity across the eight sectors of the JSE securities exchange. Understanding which of these sectors offers the best hedge against inflation is important to investors, allowing them to place money where the value will be best preserved during times of higher inflation. The disaggregated sectors tested included the Basic Materials price index, Industrials price index, Consumer Goods price index, Health Care price index, Consumer Services price index, Telecommunications price index, Financials price index, and Technology price index. Johansen Cointegration techniques were employed to empirically test the Fisher hypothesis for the South African market. For the Fisher hypothesis to hold, this paper was required to find evidence of cointegration between the share indices and CPI, as well as a positive slope coefficient for the cointegrating regression. The results of the cointegration test showed that the All Share index and each of disaggregated sector indices were cointegrated with CPI. This implied that a long run relationship exists between common stocks and inflation. Two techniques were used to estimate the cointegrating regressions for each model, a standard long-run cointegrating regression normalizing on the share index and a Vector error correction model (VECM). For all the models both techniques reveal a positive relationship between common stock and CPI with the coefficients for the long run cointegrating regression derived from the various models ranging between 1.41 – 3.62 while the coefficients from the VECM ranged from 1.42 - 4.85. The varying coefficients provide evidence of the heterogeneity of the hedging ability of common stocks. Overall the evidence from the long run cointegration regression suggests that in times of high inflation investors are most compensated for changes in inflation in common stocks relating to the Consumer Services and Health Care sectors, but that in general all sectors of the JSE provide some hedge for inflation. The results suggest that investors are compensated for changes in inflation if they invest in specific industries rather than in the All Share index, thus diversifying portfolios could provide a better hedge for inflation. Although positive coefficients were found the weak exogeneity test revealed only technology Index was caused by changes in CPI. The Paper concluded that in the long run all sectors provided protection against inflation during the period of study, but the evidence only fully supports the Fisher hypothesis for the Technology index, due to the results of the weak exogeneity test that revealed that CPI is weakly exogenous only in the equation of the Technology index.
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Rasool, Asif. "Investing in Agribusiness Stocks and Farmland: A Boom or Bust Analysis." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7162.
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As intelligent investors, we should always consider holding assets of different classes. Investing in assets from various classes allows us to minimize portfolio risks. In this paper, we recommend a better way of devoting money, especially for the investors who are interested in the agricultural sector. Historically fund managers use Markowitz framework to create financial portfolios. However, that framework has some fundamental limitations. A copula is a modern approach that counters the disadvantages of the Markowitz framework, to deal with portfolio construction. Copula also identifies the downside risk (the maximum amount of money you can lose) of a portfolio.
We found that farmland is the best asset to have in an agricultural portfolio. However, farmland is scarce. So, we introduce copula, which can be used to find alternative assets. We also found that the portfolio composition does not change during agricultural boom or bust. Currently, the US agricultural sector is going through a slump period. Funds invested in a portfolio during the good seasons (given it was correctly invested) should not be altered during the bad times.
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Cheng, Wei. "Factor Analysis for Stock Performance." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050405-180040/.
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Liu, Xiao. "Modèles et algorithmes pour des problèmes d'approvisionnement dans l'industrie pétro-chimique." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0018.
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Dans cette thèse, nous développons des approches pour résoudre des problèmes de regroupement des besoins (ou de constitution de lots) en mono-produit et à capacité limitée rencontrés en particulier dans les industries pétrochimiques. Nous définissons et généralisons d’abord des modèles de regroupement de besoins aux cas les plus généraux avec des fonctions coût les plus générales. Nous avons démontré une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour que le problème admette une solution réalisable. Lorsqu’une solution réalisable existe, nous proposons des méthodes de programmation dynamique pseudo-polynomiales pour le résoudre. La complexité temporelle et la complexité spatiale ont été analysées. Puis, un modèle avec capacité de stockage et ventes perdues et avec coûts linéaires est considéré. Nous avons proposé des méthodes polynomiales pour le cas « stockout » et le cas conservation. Ces résultats sont ensuite généralisés aux fonctions coût concaves. Un algorithme polynomial basé sur des nouvelles propriétés est développé pour le modèle de stockout. Enfin, en analysant la planification d’approvisionnement en pétrole brut pour la chaîne logistique distribuée avec fournisseurs multiples et raffineries (clients) multiples, nous avons établi un modèle multi-objectif de planification. Les résultats numériques montrent que l’approche proposée est efficace, qui peut non seulement planifier l’approvisionnement de manière efficace, minimiser le temps de cycle de la chaîne logistique mais aussi choisir les fournisseurs et optimiser la configuration des ressourcesThis thesis develops and investigates approaches to solve classical and practical single item capacitated lot sizing problems in petrochemical industries. We first define and extend single item capacitated lot sizing models to the most general cases, where both backlogging and lost sales are permitted. The model with the most general cost functions is formulated. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for there to be a feasible solution and how that this condition can be checked in polynomial time to compute actual bounds on inventory and backlogging levels. If feasible solutions exist, we develop pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming methods. Theoretical analyses in computational complexity and memory complexity are given. Then, a single item dynamic lot sizing model with bounded inventory and lost sales is examined. Polynomial time approaches are proposed both for stockout model and conservation model with computational results. Subsequently, we extend a concave cost single item economic lot sizing model with bounded inventory and lot sales. A strongly polynomial algorithm is developed based on new properties for the stockout model. Finally, by analysing the crude oil procurement planning for distributed supply chain with multi-suppliers and multi-refineries, a multi-objective procurement planning model is established. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the approach proposed is efficient and applicable, which can not only make effective procurement planning, minimize the cycle time of the supply chain, but also choose the suppliers and optimize the configuration of resources
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Mehrabikoushki, Ali. "Partage d'information dans la chaîne logistique : évaluation des impacts sur la performance d'une chaîne logistique des modes de collaboration mis en oeuvre entre les partenaires et des informations échangées." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0066/these.pdf.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’examen de la valeur d'information relative au délai d’approvisionnement dans les centres de distribution. Nous avons proposé une démarche de résolution en six étapes et ensuite nous avons développé un premier modèle de simulation paramétrable qui s’appuie sur cette démarche de résolution proposée. Ce modèle de simulation nous a permis de réaliser une première analyse numérique s’appuyant sur une structure de dépôt. Dans la suite de cette recherche, nous avons étudié un entrepôt avec plusieurs détaillants. Pour ce problème, nous avons d’abord formulé un modèle de stockage avec délai d’approvisionnement aléatoire. En appliquant successivement deux politiques de stockage, nous avons distingué deux modèles de base : un premier modèle dans le cas de partage d’information et un second pour le cas de non partage d’information. Nous avons programmé les deux modèles dans l’environnement LINGO. Les résultats de ces deux études théoriques montrent : - Le partage d’information de délai a des impacts importants ; - Des relations importantes entre la valeur du partage d’information et plusieurs d’autres éléments : le mode de coopération, le contexte du marché, le comportement clientèle, le coût unitaire de rupture, la structure de réseau et les caractéristiques du délai ; - Le comportement clientèle ressort comme étant le facteur le plus important en termes de sensibilité sur la valeur du partage et aussi sur l’effet des autres paramètres ; A la fin, pour valider les résultats issus des études théoriques, on a modélisé et étudié l'effet du partage d’information dans une chaîne logistique pharmaceutique avalIn this thesis, we are interesting to analyse the value of leadtime information sharing in the distribution centres. We proposed a resolution framework and then we developed a first simulation model which leans on this proposed framework. This simulation model allowed us to realize a first numerical analysis on a depot structure. During this research, we studied also a warehouse with several retailers. For this problem, we formulated, at first, an inventory model with stochastic leadtime. By applying successively two inventory policies, we distinguished two basic models: a first model for information sharing situation and the second for no information sharing situation. We programmed and solved both models by LINGO. The results of these two theoretical studies show: - In every studied situation, leadtime information sharing has important benefits; - Important relations exist between the value of information sharing and some of other parameters, such as: the mode of cooperation, the context of market, the behaviour of clients, the unit cost of shortage, the structure of network and the characteristics of leadtime; - The behaviour of clients goes out as being the most important factor in terms of the sensibility and also on the effect of the other parameters on the value of leadtime information sharing; At the end, to validate the results of these theoretical studies, we modelled and studied the leadtime information sharing in a downstream pharmaceutical supply chain
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Chahdi, El Ouazzani Redouan. "Modélisation et analyse des performances des systèmes de production utilisant des stocks tampons à capacités finies." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24544/24544.pdf.
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El, Ouazzani Redouan Chahdi. "Modélisation et analyse des performances des systèmes de production utilisant des stocks tampons à capacités finies." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19025.
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CHO, CHING-MING, and 卓慶銘. "An Analysis of KD Technical Index Investment Performance : The Case Study on Electronic, Financial, and Production Stocks in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vpjap8.
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碩士明道大學
企業高階管理碩士班
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This study aims to find a reliable technical indicator for investors in the stock market which seems to be always unpredictable. In this study, the KD technical indexes is used to verify the investment performance of the electronic, financial and production stocks in the Taiwan stock market. The research collected data containing how the KD technical indexes trading strategy is used for the simulated transaction of the listed stocks from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. The results show that 1) the average profit is higher than the average loss 2)the times of profit is more frequent than that of the loss, and 3)the total rate of return is positive is higher than the bank's deposit interest rate, but lower than the buy-and-hold, which fails to prove that the Taiwan securities market have weak efficiency. The study concludes that when KD technical indexes is applied to financial stocks, they have higher returns and stability, indicating that KD technical indexes have their application value.