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1
Bello, Abdulrahman. "Analysis of Peasant Farmers in Rabbit Production in Sokoto State, Nigeria." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000198.
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The study evaluated the analysis of peasant farmers in rabbit production in Sokoto south local government area in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The procedure involved multi stage sampling t echniques of the sample size and the use of questionnaire was employed. The entire respondents were rabbit farmers. This study examined current trend on small and ultra - small - holder rabbits units in Sokoto south of Sokoto state Nigeria. The methodology com bined questionnaire survey with on - farm monitoring and recording of data in relations to socio - economic characteristics of rabbits keepers, management, constraints and marketing outlets .the result obtained was presented in frequency and percentage table. The study shows that 70% were male while 30% were female. The study also review that 44%, 36%, 12% and 8%represent the ages of rabbits farmers of 25 - 35years, 36 - 45years, 46 - 45years and 56years and above respectively within the study area, it was also revie w that 64%, 20%, and 16% represent the marital status which includes that of single married and widow. the distributions of years of farmers experience in rabbits production is also represented by 20%, 40%, 10%, and 30% of 1 - 6years, 7 - 12years and 19 years and above of experience respectively. It also reveals that the source of breeding stocks by the farmers, i.e. from own stock, other farmers, market and research institutions which was represented by 40%, 20%, 36% and 4% respectively. And with respect to ho using many farmer place their cage outside the house (70%) and also the major disease experience by the farmer is manage (52%) which serves as one of constrains facing the rabbit farmer meanwhile mating of does follows seasonal pattern due to seasonal heat stress. About (52%) farmer noted that does perceptivity and conception rates were markedly low during the dry season. From this study it highly recommended that the farmer should put down the use of personal experience in putting the animal and the extens ion agent should reach out to the rabbit farmers for proper and adequate information and the farmer should make used of stocks from the research institute for stocks replacement/breeding.
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Bobyl, Volodymyr, Olena Pikulina, and Maryna Movchan. "Modern methods of analysis and management of production inventories." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2021-3-311-318.
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. The state and efficiency of production inventory management are the main conditions for the successful operation of an enterprise in a market economy. The main purpose of the enterprises' activities is to maximize profits, which can be achieved, inter alia, by increasing the turnover of stocks, when with a smaller warehouse area and lower inventory maintenance costs, the previous volume of sales increases or remains. The authors of the article analyzed modern methods of inventory analysis and management. Each of the considered methods has both advantages and disadvantages, so the use of a certain technique depends on the scope of the enterprise. Inventory management at the enterprise requires a rational inventory movement accounting system. The company should have a system for registering the acquisition and use of stocks. In addition, periodic checks of compliance with the actual availability of inventory and accounting data are required. Based on the conducted research, the main tasks in solving the problems of inventory management are identified: systematization of approaches to inventory management; reduction of costs for their acquisition and storage in warehouses of enterprises; increasing the efficiency of control in solving the tasks facing the enterprise. The existing structure of supplies of production stocks at railway transport enterprises does not allow for the full use of inventory management methods. In such conditions, it is necessary to create a managed system that will enable the use of various methods of management and optimization of production stocks. This system should include efficient logistics and management accounting of production stocks. It is advisable to introduce a system of standard (regulatory) costs in individual structural divisions. The use of combinations of methods for optimizing production stocks at railway transport enterprises will minimize operational costs through effective management of them.
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Yin, Kedong, Zhe Liu, Chong Huang, and Peide Liu. "TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S NEW ENERGY STOCK MARKET: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DATA NETWORK PERSPECTIVE." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 26, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 1030–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2020.12723.
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In this paper, we apply an RV coefficient network to investigate the topological structure of China’s new energy stock market via daily prices of 60 component stocks of CSI (China Stock Index) New Energy Index spanning the period January 4, 2012 to March 29, 2019. Compared with the Pearson correlation coefficient, RV coefficient can better reflect the similarity between stocks from the perspective of multi-dimensional data. The empirical result indicates that (1) the scale-free characteristics of China’s new energy stock market are not significant; (2) the new energy storage is the leading sub-sector of the new energy sector and the new energy interactive equipment plays a connecting role between renewable energy production and new energy storage; (3) the most influential stock in the network is Group DMEGC Magnetics Co., Ltd., Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. and GEM Co., Ltd. play an important role in the network connection. These findings are of great significance to understand the interaction between Chinese new energy stocks and the pricing mechanism of stocks. The authority should pay more attention to the new energy storage industry. Investor’s portfolios can be optimized according to the influence assessment of stocks and sub-sectors.
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Bunda and Vityuk. "Audit of production enterprises inventories." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 23 (April 10, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.23.2020.9.
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The purpose of the article is to generalize and improve the organizational and methodological aspects of the audit of production enterprise inventories. The re- search methodology is to use the following methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, modeling, formalization. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the substantiation of the algorithm of decisions during the audit of stocks in the information environment of the production enterprise. Conclusions. The application of the algorithm of decisions in the audit of stocks in the information environment of the production enterprise will significantly increase the efficiency of the stocks usage at the production enterprise, which will directly affect the results of financial and economic activities of the enterprise. The proposed plan and program of audit of stocks of the production enterprise will allow to carry out qualitative and detailed audit of stocks of the production enterprise, to form the audit conclusion and to give recommendations concerning stocks of the production enterprise.
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Klychova, Guzaliya, Alsu Zakirova, Amina Husainova, Angelina Dyatlova, and Igor' Nikitenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR INTERNAL CONTROL OF RESERVE MOVEMENT." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-135-141.
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One of the factors for the effective development of enterprises is the rational management of stocks, the state of which affects its production and financial activities. For the rational management of stocks, their effective control should be organized, taking into account the specifics, scale and features of production technology. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodological support of internal control over the movement of stocks. In the course of the study, the main stages of internal control of the movement and the efficiency of using stocks, consisting in planning and carrying out control measures, were considered. In order to comply with the principles of rationality, priority and consistency in the conduct of internal control, it was proposed to use the working document “The program for internal control of the movement and efficiency of inventory use”. Checking the correctness of the estimate of stocks when they are received, procured, or purchased is possible using the internal control working document “Checking the correctness of stock estimates”. It makes it possible to identify errors in the assessment of stocks and the formation of their actual cost, which affects production costs and the final financial result. For the analysis of the movement of stocks, we can recommend the internal control working paper “Analysis of the movement of stocks”. It allows you to control the compliance of the actual size of stocks of the most important types of raw materials and materials with the normative ones. By comparing the incoming and outgoing stocks on the basis of this document, it is possible to identify excessive and unclaimed material resources in the production and financial activities of the enterprise, to establish stocks for which there is a shortage, to prevent a decrease in the quality of products, a decrease in production volumes, a decrease in profits
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Fuentes, Fernanda, and Rodrigo Herrera. "Dynamics of Connectedness in Clean Energy Stocks." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2020): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143705.
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This paper examines the dynamics of connectedness among the realized volatility indices of 16 clean energy stocks belonging to the SPGCE and the implied volatility indices of two important stock markets—the S&P 500 and the STOXX50—and two commodities markets—the crude oil and gold markets. The empirical results show a unidirectional connectedness from the implied volatility indices to the clean energy stocks. Our analysis further reveals similar volatility connectedness behaviors among companies in the same energy production subsector. However, there exists heterogeneous behavior between different energy production subsectors over time. Further, we identify pairwise directional connectedness clusters among related companies, indicating that there are few possibilities for portfolio diversification within the energy production subsectors. Finally, through an impulse–response analysis, we confirm that the expectation of future market volatility of the S&P 500 index and the gold price plays a leading role in volatility connectedness with clean energy stocks.
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Mann, K. H., and K. F. Drinkwater. "Environmental influences on fish and shellfish production in the Northwest Atlantic." Environmental Reviews 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a94-002.
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Evidence is reviewed, linking physical oceanographic processes in the marine environment to changes in fish and shellfish stocks in the Northwest Atlantic. A case history study of the cod (Gadus morhua) stock of the northern Grand Banks and Labrador Shelf indicates a long slow amelioration of the environment between about 1945 and 1965, followed by a deterioration in the period 1965–1992. The most important environmental factors for the cod stocks appear to have been salinity and temperature. The trends can be traced back to climatic factors involving the Icelandic Low and the Azores–Bermuda High. When the atmospheric pressure difference in winter tended to be high, there was a progressive increase in the area of sea ice off Labrador and in the volume of cold water at depth. These factors have been shown to affect temperature and salinity conditions on the Grand Banks in spring and summer and are associated with poor growth and recruitment in the cod stocks. A similar case study of lobster (Homarus americanus) stocks indicates that temperature and river discharge are important environmental correlates, but neither can be shown to fully account for the recent trends in the stocks. Evidence is reviewed to show that physical environmental processes also influence recruitment and distribution of stocks of haddock, capelin, and squid. Some of the problems with correlational analysis are also discussed. It is recognized that factors other than the environment are influencing the stocks. Fishing mortality (detailed consideration of which is not included in this review) has clearly been important. Interactions between environmental factors and fishing mortality are probably of major importance.Key words: ocean environment, fish production, recruitment, northern cod, American lobster.
8
Hnatiuk, O. M., and O. I. Bala. "National and Foreign Experience of Stocks Management: The Accounting Aspect." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-244-249.
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The publication defines the economic content of the concept of «stocks»; a comparative analysis of interpretation of this category in view of the content is carried out; the approaches to the interpretation of constituent elements of the enterprise’s stocks are analyzed; the peculiarities of accounting and analytical management along with reflection of stocks in the balance sheet of the enterprise in accordance with normative legislative acts are determined. Also the peculiarities of foreign practice of stock accounting are explored and analyzed. An overview of stock management in economically developed countries comparing with national practice is carried out. The peculiarities of attribution of certain types of assets to stocks, both in Ukraine and abroad, are determined. Both the common and the distinctive features of stock management of either the national or the foreign accounting are identified. A study of the main provisions of the national (standard) of accountance 9 «Stocks» and the international standard of accounting 2 «Stocks» is carried out. The economic content of the category of «stocks» is defined in accordance with both above mentioned standards. A comparative analysis of the stock accounting methods according to IAS and PSBO is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods are determined. The possibilities and expediency of consolidation of the provisions of the national regulation (standard) of accounting with international accounting are considered. Proposals have been formed to improve the process of stock accounting on the basis of the provisions (standard) of national accounting and in accordance with the norms of the international accounting standard 2 «Stocks». It is proved that the harmonization of the typical provisions of the PSBO and IAS, especially for entities engaged in international economic activity, will facilitate to manage the condition and quality of stocks, which is the key to effective production and economic cooperation. At this, the authors recommend the following: improve the accounting of stocks regarding their content and classification; improve the financial, accounting and management display of stocks; improve economic analysis, control and audit on the efficiency of application; automate accounting processes.
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Hilborn, Ray, Daniel J. Hively, Olaf P. Jensen, and Trevor A. Branch. "The dynamics of fish populations at low abundance and prospects for rebuilding and recovery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 8 (March 30, 2014): 2141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu035.
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Abstract Previous meta-analysis of spawner–recruit relationships suggested that depensatory behaviour is uncommon, and stocks pushed to low abundance are unlikely to suffer decreases in recruitment more severe than would be expected based on the decline in spawning stock. Using an updated database that has over 100 stocks that were depleted to less than 20% of their maximum observed stock size, we tested for depensatory behaviour in both total surplus production and recruitment and we also examined the probability of stock increase as a function of stock size and fishing pressure. The number of stocks that showed a significant improvement with depensatory models was less than that expected by chance. Hierarchical meta-analysis showed that the majority of the evidence was for no depensatory behaviour but could not rule out depensation at very low stock sizes. Stocks that are depleted to low abundance are expected to rebuild when fishing pressure is reduced if the environment has not changed but there is considerable evidence that the majority of fish stocks are impacted by changes in productivity regimes. Nevertheless, if stocks are very heavily depleted and fishing pressure is not reduced to quite low levels, the expected recovery time is both uncertain and long. Very low abundance should clearly be avoided for many reasons and the range of abundance where depensation cannot be ruled out is well below commonly adopted limit reference points.
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Gavriluță, Ana. "Analyses of Production Line Controlled with Kanban Methode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1432.
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The challenges of choosing methods of material flow control are bigger due to the fact that they authorize the quantity of production in each processing stage so that the products get to the customer at the right moment and in the quantity wanted, while minimizing the costs and stocks of the production system. For this reason, the objective of the research performed in this paper is to determine the impact of Kanban control methods on the performance indicators, total cost and interoperation stock of a production system, given the fact that many system parameters are variable. The main conclusion drawn from the results is that when the input parameters vary within certain limits the control method with the best performance indicators for a production line can be established following the methodology used in this paper. Methodology is a useful tool in the hand of those who design production systems because it allows the choice of the control method which provides the best performances, at least from the viewpoint of two indicators: costs and stocks.
11
Xuan, Yanni, and Qiang Yue. "Retrospective and Prospective Analysis on the Trends of China’s Steel Production." Journal of Systems Science and Information 4, no. 4 (August 25, 2016): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2016-291-16.
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AbstractEconomic development has contributed to the rapid expansion of China's steel industry during the past two decades, which has resulted in numerous problems including increased energy consumption and excessive environmental pollution. This study examines changes in crude steel production, steel scrap consumption, energy consumption, CO2emissions and steel stocks per capita from 2000 to 2014. Scenario analysis based on QGT equation is provided to accurately assess China's steel demand. Under three different scenarios, the peak of steel production and the variation trend of energy consumption, CO2emissions, steel stocks per capita and steel scrap are analyzed from 2010 to 2030. Based on Chinese situation, the most reasonable variation trend of China's steel production is proposed, which will increase from 626.7 Mt in 2010 to approximately 914 Mt in 2020, then gradually decrease to about 870 Mt in 2030. Steel stocks per capita will increase from 3.8 t/cap in 2010 to 8.09 t/cap in 2020 (the inferior limit of completing industrialization), then reach 11.46 t/cap in 2030 and stabilize. The peaks of energy consumption and CO2emissions in steel industry are expected to reach 505.37 Mtce and 1444.1 Mt in 2020, respectively. The scrap ratio is expected to reach 0.36 by 2030, when steel scrap resources will be relatively sufficient. This paper can provide corresponding theoretical basis for the government to make decision-making of macro-control.
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Zezekalo, Ivan, Svetlana Bukhkalo, and Iryna Ivanytska. "PRODUCTION REDUCTION ANALYSIS AND WELL OPERATION ANALYSIS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Innovation researches in students’ scientific work, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2220-4784.2021.02.12.
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The method of Arps fall curve as an effective method that allows reliable and efficient prediction of well flow, a necessary parameter for optimal and correct choice of well operation is considered in the article. Forecasting the flow rate of wells in fields with high-viscosity oil stocks is one of the most difficult tasks in the development of oil fields. It is proved that the use of the Arps method simplifies this task, as it gives the correct results quickly and easily. The importance of the choice of well operation methods is analyzed. It has been proven that the analysis of reduced production is a means of identifying productivity problems in wells to assess their future productivity and expected service life. The use of the Harmony Enterprise platform is designed to analyze the performance of oil and gas wells and inventory assessment, to create common corporate work processes, use technical knowledge and exchange interpretations, which allows you to identify promising assets, evaluation and development strategy. The results of this work are very important and necessary for further research and analysis of the fall in production and analysis of the well.
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Dutil, J. D., M. Castonguay, D. Gilbert, and D. Gascon. "Growth, condition, and environmental relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and implications for management strategies in the Northwest Atlantic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1818–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-140.
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Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is one of several stocks that collapsed in eastern Canada following a long period of intensive exploitation. Surplus and net production per capita became nil or negative in the mid-1980s so that any level of exploitation would have caused a decline of the stock. This was partly explained by a marked decline in growth production and is consistent with smaller sizes-at-age but also lower condition factor values during the same period. Correlations between size-at-age and temperature were not significant when corrected for autocorrelation, but slopes were always positive, suggesting higher growth rates at higher temperatures. Smaller sizes-at-age in the 1980s were not associated with changes in the fishery or increased fishing mortality, nor were they consistent with the density-dependence hypothesis. Lengths at age 8 decreased by more than 10 cm as the stock decreased 10-fold in abundance. While size-at-age and temperature covary in cod when all stocks are examined, size-temperature relationships are not as clear if the analysis is restricted to cold-water stocks, possibly because of differences in food availability. Biological production varies from year to year and among stocks and should be taken into consideration when managing fisheries in variable or extreme environments.
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Suleymanov, Q. S., S. G. Salimova, and J. K. Kuliyev. "A methodic approach to the solution of problem of main stock usage effictiveness." SOCAR Proceedings, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp20200300455.
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The article offers a methodic approach to the solution of the issue of main stock usage effectiveness index definition. Traditionally the main stock usage effectiveness calculation is carried out by balance and residual values. This approach in whole ignores (except for two coefficients) the wearing-out of main stocks and tortures the real view of their actual condition. In connection with this, in some oil-gas production boards (OGPB) of «Azneft» PU was conducted a comparative analysis of index system of usage effectiveness of main stocks that have been calculated by balance and residue values. The investigations have a great theoretical significance and in practice may be applied by OGPB in the analysis of enterprise industry activity.
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Szabó, Virag. "THE RELATION BETWEEN FARM SIZE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN HUNGARIAN EGG PRODUCTION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7241.
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The economic efficiency of cage and deep-litter farms of different sizes with a cost and income analysis based was examined on the 2004-2014 Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data provided by the Hungarian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (AKI). It was found that the differences in efficiency experienced in previous years continued to increase years after the cage changes in both types of hen keeping appeared. It has been shown that deep-litter farmers typically keep smaller stocks and 36% of stocks are supplied in the framework of family work, whose wages are not recorded as personal expenses. It was also found that both unit cost and average sales price per egg decrease in the case of the cage and the deep-litter method with the increase in farm size. While the second biggest decline in average sales price occurs in the case of cage farmers with a stock of over 25,000, in the case of deep-litter farmers it already comes about at a stock of over 10,000.
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Britten, Gregory L., Michael Dowd, and Boris Worm. "Changing recruitment capacity in global fish stocks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504709112.
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Marine fish and invertebrates are shifting their regional and global distributions in response to climate change, but it is unclear whether their productivity is being affected as well. Here we tested for time-varying trends in biological productivity parameters across 262 fish stocks of 127 species in 39 large marine ecosystems and high-seas areas (hereafter LMEs). This global meta-analysis revealed widespread changes in the relationship between spawning stock size and the production of juvenile offspring (recruitment), suggesting fundamental biological change in fish stock productivity at early life stages. Across regions, we estimate that average recruitment capacity has declined at a rate approximately equal to 3% of the historical maximum per decade. However, we observed large variability among stocks and regions; for example, highly negative trends in the North Atlantic contrast with more neutral patterns in the North Pacific. The extent of biological change in each LME was significantly related to observed changes in phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration and the intensity of historical overfishing in that ecosystem. We conclude that both environmental changes and chronic overfishing have already affected the productive capacity of many stocks at the recruitment stage of the life cycle. These results provide a baseline for ecosystem-based fisheries management and may help adjust expectations for future food production from the oceans.
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Yang, Dan Pin, Feng Gao, Bo Xue Sun, and Xian Zheng Gong. "Materials Flow Analysis of Metallic Titanium in China." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2446.
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The materials flow quantity, direction, structure and characteristics of metallic titanium resources in China were illustrated by the Stocks and Flows (STAF) model with time series. The indices such as the metallic titanium resource efficiency, the import-export, the consumption and the social stocks were calculated. From the point of view of the overall resources flow, China titanium industry has entered a stable growth period from the development and expanding period during the recent decade. The resources self-support rate of metallic titanium production and manufacturing increased from 44% and 60% to 66% and 78%, respectively. The titanium ore grade is the main factor affecting the utilization efficiency of titanium element. Considering the titanium utilization rate were increased by 1%, the ore consumption of titanium sponge production would be reduced by 57.8kg/t. The production and consumption ratio of metallic titanium products was increased by 57%, which showed the trend from short supply to self-sufficiency and gaining the net exports of Chinese metallic titanium products. However it appears to the trend of surplus production capacity presently, and the high quality products still rely on import. The recycling of metallic titanium wastes is mainly from the manufacturing process, of which the recovery rate is still lower in the use stage. It is expected that China will face the peak of metallic titanium scraps in 2033 by calculating the amount of social stocks of metallic titanium resources.
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Kádár, Szilárd. "Material stocks and flows of extensive cattle production." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 6, no. 1-2 (July 11, 2018): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2017.1-2.101-107.
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The current climate change and population boom is the result of the technical developments that aroused by the industrial revolution and the Second Word War. The food shortage arising from that steadily increase poses several problem for agriculture which is exacerbated by the ineffectual operation of the food processing industry. To cover the required amount of food leads higher greenhouse gas emission than CO2 like CH4 and N2O. Considering this fact I kept it important to find a solution that can be inserted in our countries facility and which is independent from soil usage.
The importance of the cattle breeding sector is that it doesn’t require those agricultural lands which could also serve human’s need.
I will examine the impact of the extensive cattle with material flow analysis, which is able to show the flows of the specific materials in a given place and in a given time. This calculation is not used count with the pollution and economic factors of the materials.
According to my survey the results show that the examined farms needs 4,72; 4,64; 0,24 kg of material stock per one kg of meat to maintain the production. This production needs average 10-13 kg of dry matter input, of which major content is grass. As an unintended emission CO2 emission is also generated: The generated amount of CO2 depends on the Farm structure: in average 11,32; 16,02; 16,76 kg CO2 / meat kg.
To make comparable results it demands weighted averages. That means to make material flow analysis result like feed intake and CO2 emission needs to be weighted with the time which is needed for the production.
It can be claimed that the total CO2 emission of an adult cattle is over 30 kg per one kg of meat, and there are no methods to decrease it. But on the other hand the usage of stocks can be reduced by different methods.
The first is the number of the livestock could be increased because it will also increase the efficiency of natural resource usage. On the other hand we can help the farms to co-operate with each other. It allows them to share their stocks. And the last solution is to make multifunctional farms which can produce plants and animals at the same time.
Despite of the high rate of productions’ CO2 emission it is still competitive against intensive cattle, owing to the low rate of natural resource requirements
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SVYDLO, Hanna. "Use of statistical tools in accounting inventories of the enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12/1 (December 29, 2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.12(1).6.
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The paper is devoted to the search for tools for optimizing approaches to the analysis of inventories of the enterprise. Efficient use of stocks is a prerequisite for profitable operation of the enterprise, and their provision is a condition for the implementation of works and services. The study of approaches to the analysis and evaluation of inventories of the enterprise makes it possible to identify certain shortcomings and strengths of each approach in order to further combine them. The basis for the study was the search for ways to improve approaches to the analysis of inventories of the enterprise taking into account the dynamically changing environment. The main purpose of the paper is to improve approaches to accounting and analysis of stocks of enterprises through the use of statistical tools. The methodological and informational basis of the work is scientific works, materials of periodicals, Internet resources and regulations. The study used methods of structural and dynamic analysis, comparison and generalization of data from literature sources. The paper reveals that to assess the company's inventory it is necessary to analyze their composition and structure, take into account that they must be optimal, compare the actual ratio of fixed and current assets with their optimal value. That is, it is important to calculate the company's need for stocks, as well as the intensity of use of production stocks, which will achieve a high level of production and prevent its decline. As part of the study, it is proposed to use operational analysis of stocks using statistical tools that will allow to have information about the current state of stocks and determine their forecast value in future periods. The analysis of volumes and structure of stocks is carried out by means of calculation of absolute and relative sizes. To identify trends in the structure of stocks, it is advisable to use the analytical equation of linear regression noted the need and importance of internal control of stocks and possible ways to improve the efficiency of production stocks at the enterprise.
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Javed, Sarfaraz, Baaeth Atallah Aldalaien, Uvesh Husain, and Mohammed Shahfaraz Khan. "Impact of Federal Funds Rate on Monthly Stocks Return of United States of America." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 9 (August 5, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n9p105.
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This study examines the impact of federal funds rate on monthly stocks return of the United States of America. The study made use of secondary data from 31st January 1980 to 31st December 2009 gotten from Fred Economic Data and Economic Research Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and the Ordinary Least Square Method was applied to perform the analysis using Eviews 9.0. The findings of this study reveal that before the crisis, the rate of interest significantly predicted monthly stock return while during the crisis; the rate of interest did not significantly predict monthly stock return. In addition, the growth rate of industrial production significantly predicted monthly stock return with while FFR did not significantly predict monthly stock return. Likewise, change in FFR significantly predicted monthly stock return while the growth rate of industrial production did not significantly predict monthly stock return.
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Merezhko, O. E., A. A. Borisova, and E. V. Aminova. "Comparative study of apple plantations on seed and clonal stocks in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-3-50-56.
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In recent years, Russian gardeners have become interested in apple seed stocks, since they are indispensable for growing planting material of the highest quality categories for the purpose of setting up mother-cuttings, nurseries of clonal stocks and intensive orchards intended for obtaining organic products. The advantage of apple seed stocks is not only in a powerful root system and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, but also in the absence of a harmful viral infection from which almost all clonal stocks in Russia suffer. The opinion that trees are more vigorous on seed stocks, and orchards later enter in the fruiting period is erroneous, since there are developed technologies that make it possible the establishment of intensive apple tree plantations that enter the fruiting period 2 years after grafting. Among the apple clonal stocks, the intensively propagated form 54-118 is characterized by good anchoring and winter hardiness. Due to the lack of scientific data on the comparative study of seed and clonal stocks in the context of scion/stock combinations, we have begun a long-term study in order to identify the most promising of them in terms of early fruitfulness and high productivity. Long-term studies were carried out on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery from 2000 to 2020. The analysis of the results of the tests carried out shows that all the plantings on stocks 54-118 and 64-143 turned out to be early fruitfulness, and the stocks were suitable for intensive gardening, since the varieties grafted on them have a restrained growth force and a compact crown. The smallest height from 1.9 to 2.8 m was noted in trees on the 54-118 stock, on the 64-143 stock this parameter, depending on the variety, varied from 3.2 to 3.8 m. The largest crown diameter (over 3.0 m) and the largest projection area of the crown had plantings of all varieties on the seed stock of Purple Ranetka. The yield of apple tree plantations on stock 54-118 varied from 10.4 (Serebryanoe Kopitce variety) to 14.1 t/ha (Chudnoe variety), and revenue from the sale of products from 1 ha ranged from 263.1 to 356.7 thousand rubles. The highest profitability on clonal stock 54-118 was distinguished by perennial plantations of the Chudnoe variety (83.8 %). On stock 64-143, the yield of plantings varied from 10.2 t / ha (Serebryanoe Kopitce variety) to 13.5 t / ha (Chudnoe variety), the proceeds from the sale of products per hectare also varied from 258.1 thousand rubles. up to 341.5 thousand rubles. The highest profitability of production was noted in the plantations on the stock 64-143 of the variety Mechtatelnitsa (82.2 %). The average yield of apple varieties grafted on the seed stock of Purple Ranetka ranged from 8.2 (variety Letnee Polosatoe (K) to 9.3 t / ha (variety Serebryanoe Kopitce); high profitability of production was distinguished by plantings of the variety Mechtatelnitsa on ranetka purpurovaya (16.3 %).
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BAKLAEVA, N. M. "APPLICATION OF THE PDCA MODEL AND MODIFICATIONS OF THE ABC-XYZ ANALYSIS IN PRODUCTION INVENTORY MANAGEMENT." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4, no. 5 (2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.05.04.002.
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The article discusses the possibility of using a process approach in managing the company's inventory based on the Shewhart-Deming cycle (PDCA model), as well as identifies modern problems of using ABC-analysis and XYZ-analysis models in practice, and proposes the introduction of a modified ABC-XYZ analysis model. The results of the study showed that the development of an inventory management policy in a company based on the PDCA model with the use of the proposed modification of the ABC-XYZ analysis will make it possible to systematize the processes of warehousing and supply of stocks using the «Just-in-Time» method, minimize warehouse costs by reducing the volume of stock, reduce the volume of illiquid inventory, improve customer satisfaction, accelerate inventory turnover.
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Rubtsov, Anatoliy E., Elena V. Ushakova, and Tamara V. Chirkova. "Peculiarities of solving the problems of modern logistics in high-rise construction and industrial production." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303076.
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Basing on the analysis of the enterprise (construction organization) structure and infrastructure of the entire logistics system in which this enterprise (construction organization) operates, this article proposes an approach to solve the problems of structural optimization and a set of calculation tasks, based on customer orders as well as on the required levels of insurance stocks, transit stocks and other types of stocks in the distribution network, modes of operation of the in-company transport and storage complex and a number of other factors.
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Brodziak, Jon, and Christopher M. Legault. "Model averaging to estimate rebuilding targets for overfished stocks." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 544–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-199.
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Reducing overfishing and recovering overfished fish stocks is a challenging and important global problem. Rebuilding targets are essential ingredients for guiding overfished stocks to recovery. Having robust estimates of rebuilding targets is likely a necessary condition for effective long-term management of fishery resources. In this paper, we show how Bayesian model averaging can be applied to estimate rebuilding targets under alternative hypotheses about stockrecruitment dynamics. Using alternative hypotheses about stockrecruitment dynamics and environmental variation is important because using only a single hypothesis can lead to substantially different reference points and policy implications. The alternative hypotheses are augmented with prior information collected from meta-analyses of stockrecruitment data to construct a set of age-structured production models. We illustrate our approach using three overfished New England groundfish stocks. We fit alternative model likelihoods to observed data using Bayesian inference techniques. The Schwarz goodness-of-fit criterion was used to calculate model probabilities. Bayesian model averaging was used to estimate rebuilding targets that were robust to model selection uncertainty. Model-averaged estimates suggested that rebuilding targets for overfished stocks can be reasonably well determined if adequate prior information on stock productivity is available. Nonetheless, results had wide confidence intervals that reflected the underlying uncertainty in rebuilding targets.
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Sparholt, Henrik, and Robin M. Cook. "Sustainable exploitation of temperate fish stocks." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 9, 2009): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0516.
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The theory of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) underpins many fishery management regimes and is applied principally as a single species concept. Using a simple dynamic biomass production model we show that MSY can be identified from a long time series of multi-stock data at a regional scale in the presence of species interactions and environmental change. It suggests that MSY is robust and calculable in a multispecies environment, offering a realistic reference point for fishery management. Furthermore, the demonstration of the existence of MSY shows that it is more than a purely theoretical concept. There has been an improvement in the status of stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, but our analysis suggests further reductions in fishing effort would improve long-term yields.
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Zhenina, V. V. "Assessment of Production Stocks of Agricultural Organization: Accounting and Tax Practice." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 1 (January 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-1-49-53.
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The article discusses methods for assessing reserves, determines the degree of development of the issue of accounting and analysis of production reserves among the works of domestic authors. Comparative characteristics of international and Russian standards for their accounting are presented. Also, a comparison of inventories in accounting and tax accounting was carried out. The estimation of reserves is considered on the example of an agricultural enterprise.
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Michielsens, Catherine G. J., Murdoch K. McAllister, Sakari Kuikka, Samu Mäntyniemi, Atso Romakkaniemi, Tapani Pakarinen, Lars Karlsson, and Laura Uusitalo. "Combining multiple Bayesian data analyses in a sequential framework for quantitative fisheries stock assessment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 962–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-015.
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This paper presents a sequential Bayesian framework for quantitative fisheries stock assessment that relies on a wide range of fisheries-dependent and -independent data and information. The presented methodology combines information from multiple Bayesian data analyses through the incorporation of the joint posterior probability density functions (pdfs) in subsequent analyses, either as informative prior pdfs or as additional likelihood contributions. Different practical strategies are presented for minimising any loss of information between analyses. Using this methodology, the final stock assessment model used for the provision of the management advice can be kept relatively simple, despite the dependence on a large variety of data and other information. This methodology is illustrated for the assessment of the mixed-stock fishery for four wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks in the northern Baltic Sea. The incorporation of different data and information results in a considerable update of previously available smolt abundance and smolt production capacity estimates by substantially reducing the associated uncertainty. The methodology also allows, for the first time, the estimation of stock–recruit functions for the different salmon stocks.
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Kimball, Jennifer A., M. Carolina Zuleta, Matthew C. Martin, Kevin E. Kenworthy, Ambika Chandra, and Susana R. Milla-Lewis. "Assessment of Molecular Variation within ‘Raleigh’ St. Augustinegrass using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers." HortScience 47, no. 7 (July 2012): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.7.839.
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St. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a popular turfgrass in the southern United States as a result of its superior shade tolerance and relatively low input requirements. However, it is the least cold-tolerant of commonly used warm-season turfgrass species. ‘Raleigh’, released in 1980, has superior cold tolerance and is adapted and widely used in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 8 to 9. More than 25 years after its release, ‘Raleigh’ is still the industry’s standard in terms of cold tolerance. However, the original foundation and breeder stock fields of the cultivar have been lost, placing the integrity of the cultivar at risk. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether current ‘Raleigh’ production fields across the southern United States are true to the original source. In this study, 15 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations were used to assess levels of genetic variability among three original stocks of ‘Raleigh’ and 46 samples obtained from sod farms and universities in six states. Genetic similarities among the original stocks were Sij = 1, whereas similarities between this group and all other samples ranged from 0.24 to 1.0. Results based on cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed separation between original stocks of ‘Raleigh’ and some commercial samples. Results from this study offer further evidence that molecular markers provide a useful and powerful technique for identity preservation of clonally propagated cultivars and the detection of genetic variants in sod production fields and turfgrass breeding programs.
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Aalto, Emilius A., E. J. Dick, and Alec D. MacCall. "Separating recruitment and mortality time lags for a delay-difference production model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 2 (February 2015): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0415.
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Many fishery production models implicitly incorporate a single time lag for both recruitment and mortality despite the fact that in populations of breeding adults, deaths occur yearly while the entry of new adults comes from juveniles born potentially many years prior to adulthood. Models that do not account for this difference in timing will overestimate abundance for a decreasing stock and underestimate increases during a recovery period. We investigated the effect of incorporating unequal recruitment and mortality time lags into depletion-based stock reduction analysis (DB-SRA), a stock assessment method for data-poor species. Using both simulated data and catch series of Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.), we found that for declining stocks with no mortality delay and a recruitment time lag equal to age-at-maturity, estimated overfishing limits were up to 40% lower than those from the model with both time lags equal to age-at-maturity. Deviation between the two models’ predictions increases with age-at-maturity and natural mortality rate, suggesting that time lag separation is most important for long-lived species. We propose a correction factor for net production models that eliminates stock overestimation due to implicitly equal time lags.
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Zakirova, Alsou, Guzaliya Klychova, Ludmila Tarasova, Nadezhda Pimenova, and Olga Yu Abasheva. "Development of methodological basics of internal control of stocks at the agricultural enterprise." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125812010.
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Stocks are one of the key factors that ensure consistency and continuity of reproduction. In this regard, internal control of stocks is an essential element of enterprise management of the enterprise. The aim of the article is to improve the methodological support of internal control of stocks. The article establishes the peculiarities of internal control of availability and safety of stocks in the conditions of development of digital economy. In order to improve control procedures, working documents of internal control of availability and safety of Stocks were developed. In the course of the study, the main stages of internal control over the flow and efficiency of the use of Stocks have been considered. In order to comply with the principles of rationality, priority and consistency in the conduct of internal control, it was proposed to use a working document of internal control «Program for internal control of the movement and efficiency of Stock use». To verify the correctness of the assessment of Stocks during their receipt, procurement, purchase it is proposed to use a working document of internal control «Checking the correctness of the estimate of reserves when they arrive”. This document allows you to identify errors in the evaluation of Stocks, the formation of their actual cost, which affects the cost of production and the final financial result. To increase informativeness and sufficiency of working documents at the analysis of movement of stocks we recommend to use working documents of the internal control containing planned (standard) indicators, similar data of the last periods, indicators on an accrual basis since the beginning of the controlled period. Comparing the controlled indicators with planned values it is possible to estimate their fulfillment and to find out the reasons of discrepancies that can appear as a result of thefts, abuses and violations.
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Marshall, C. Tara, and Kenneth T. Frank. "The effect of interannual variation in growth and condition on haddock recruitment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-019.
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The relationship between recruitment and spawner biomass assumes that estimates of spawner biomass are proportional to total egg production by the stock. The validity of this assumption is in question for long-lived gadoid stocks; however, estimating total egg production independently of spawner biomass is seldom feasible. An alternative approach is to examine correlations between recruitment and variables likely to be proxies for total egg production by the stock. This indirect approach was used for haddock on the Scotian Shelf. Indices of growth (mean length at age-4) and condition (weight at 50 cm) were used as proxies for the reproductive potential of individual spawners. Both variables were positively correlated with recruitment over a 3-decade period (1964-1995). During the same time period, there was no relationship between recruitment and spawner biomass estimated by Virtual Population Analysis (VPA). This is further evidence that VPA-based spawner biomass is a poor index of the true reproductive potential of the stock. The results highlight the need to develop more accurate/precise measures of total egg production for use in recruitment research.
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Gu, Lei, Yufeng Zhou, Tingting Mei, Guomo Zhou, and Lin Xu. "Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products." Forests 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010051.
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Bamboo forest is characterized by large carbon sequestration capability and it plays an important role in mitigating climate change and global carbon cycling. Previous studies have mostly focused on carbon cycling and carbon stocks in bamboo forest ecosystems, whereas the carbon footprints of bamboo products have not received attention. China is the largest exporting country of bamboo flooring in the world. Estimating the carbon footprint of bamboo flooring is of essential importance for the involved enterprises and consumers to evaluate their own carbon footprints. In this study, we investigated the production processes of bamboo scrimber flooring for outdoor use, a typical bamboo flooring in China. Based on business-to-business (B2B) evaluation method, we assessed CO2 emission and carbon transfer ratio in each step of the production process, including transporting bamboo culms and producing and packing the products. We found that to produce 1 m3 of bamboo scrimber flooring, direct carbon emissions from fossil fuels during transporting raw materials/semi-finished products, from power consumptions during production, and indirect emissions from applying additives were 30.94 kg CO2 eq, 143.37 kg CO2 eq, and 78.34 kg CO2 eq, respectively. After subtracting the 267.54 kg CO2 eq carbon stocks in the product from the 252.65 kg CO2 eq carbon emissions derived within the defined boundary, we found that the carbon footprint of 1 m3 bamboo scrimber flooring was −14.89 kg CO2 eq. Our results indicated that the bamboo scrimber flooring is a negative carbon-emission product. Finally, we discussed factors that influence the carbon footprint of the bamboo flooring and gave suggestions on carbon emission reduction during production processes. This study provided a scientific basis for estimating carbon stocks and carbon footprints of bamboo products and further expanded knowledge on carbon cycling and lifespan of carbon in the bamboo forest ecosystem.
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Gohin, Alexandre, and Jean Cordier. "Agricultural price volatility and speculation by commodity index funds: a theoretical analysis." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-03-2016-0016.
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Purpose The role that speculation in futures markets plays during food price spikes is a subject of lively dispute. This issue is often addressed with empirical analyses. They suffer from data limitations and focus on the short-term impacts. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a theoretical model to explain the behaviour of speculators and producers in futures and cash markets. Compared to the only two theoretical analyses by Vercammen and Doroudian where informational externalities are excluded and by Fishe et al. where production responses are excluded, the authors introduce both informational externalities and lagged production responses. Findings The authors find that the expanded net long positions of commodity index funds (CIF) are inconsistent with lower stock levels that typically prevail before the price spikes. These positions stimulate production, hence stocks, before the price spikes. Thus they contribute to soften the price volatility. Practical implications The simulation results indicate that before imposing new regulations on financial markets, such as position limits on index funds, their beneficial medium-term effect as a hedging instrument for commercial participants should not be omitted or underestimated. Originality/value Because the authors develop a second-best theoretical framework, the authors find that CIF are not a systematic cause of medium-term market swings.
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Ramondo, Natalia, Andrés Rodríguez-Clare, and Felix Tintelnot. "Multinational Production: Data and Stylized Facts." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151046.
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We present a comprehensive data set on the bilateral activity of multinational firms, with focus on two variables: affiliate revenues and the number of affiliates across country pairs. Our basic data are from UNCTAD and include 59 countries, an average over 1996-2001. We implement an extrapolation procedure that fills in missing values using, alternately, FDI stocks and the bilateral number of M&A transactions. Our dataset allows for the analysis of new patterns of multinational production activities across countries, by taking into account firm rather than balance of payment variables, and both the intensive and extensive margins of multinational activities.
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Suleiman, Rashid, and Kurt Rosentrater. "Techno-economic Analysis (TEA) of Extruded Aquafeeds." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 5 (July 11, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n5p57.
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The worldwide decline and overexploitation of ocean fisheries stocks had provided an incentive for the rapid growth of aquaculture. The aquaculture industry has been recognized as the fastest-growing food production system globally, with a 10% increase in production per year and is one of the most reliable and sustainable growth markets for manufactured feeds. Extrusion technology has been extensively used in the modern aquatic feed manufacturing, due to nutritional, physical properties improvements and cost effectiveness of feeds. Cost related to aquatic feed remains the biggest challenge, especially for small-scale producers. In order to understand costs and potential breakeven points, a single screw extruder and three different production scenarios (0.2, 2 and 20 t/day) throughput were used to develop techno-economic models for small-scale producers of extruded aquatic feeds. The results show annualized capital costs decreased as production capacity increased. Thus, aquatic feed producers could use this tool to evaluate annual costs and benefits to determine processing economics. Producers will have to consider the ingredients used, though, as raw ingredients constitute the greatest cost for the production of feeds.
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Gupta, R. B., and K. W. Shepherd. "Production of multiple wheat-rye 1RS translocation stocks and genetic analysis of LMW subunits of glutenin and gliadins in wheats using these stocks." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 85-85, no. 6-7 (February 1993): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00225011.
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Doubleday, W. G. "Managing Herring Fisheries Under Uncertainty." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, S1 (December 19, 1985): s245—s257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-278.
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The implications of the biological characteristics of the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) on fishery management strategies are examined. Growth patterns and recruitment fluctuations limit opportunities to stabilize catches and stock biomasses without substantial loss of yield-per-recruit. The dynamics of herring stocks are much more dependent on recruitment than growth. Potential effectiveness of fishery management is also constrained by tendencies of herring populations to school, reducing self-regulatory possibilities by allowing catch rates to remain high when abundance is low, and to mix, complicating the estimation of catch-at-age and abundance indices. Given the vulnerability of herring to exploitation and the imprecision of abundance indices, achievement of relative stability of spawning stocks and catches requires adoption of fishing mortality rates near or below 0.2 in adult herring fisheries. Fisheries on immature herring reduce, and may destabilize, recruitment to spawning stocks and give lower yield-per-recruit than fisheries on mature herring although product prices may be higher. A simple stochastic model of the dynamics of an exploited herring population is examined. Analysis of this model demonstrated behaviour qualitatively similar to that observed in earlier studies of general production models subject to stochastic noise.
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Li, Jingdong, Weidong Liu, and Zhouying Song. "Sustainability of the Adjustment Schemes in China’s Grain Price Support Policy—An Empirical Analysis Based on the Partial Equilibrium Model of Wheat." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 6447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166447.
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The minimum purchase price policy for wheat and rice implemented by the Chinese government has achieved the fundamental goals of stabilizing grain prices, promoting production, and ensuring food security. This policy has also had negative impacts such as domestic and foreign price spreads and continuous increases in stocks and imports, which are not conducive to China’s grain security development and thus unsustainable. Therefore, this paper builds a partial equilibrium model of China’s grain market by simulating the effects of canceling or reducing the minimum purchase price on the market price, production, consumption, stock, and net import of wheat and then evaluates the sustainability of various adjustment programs. The research results show that first, lowering the minimum purchase price of wheat can reduce the domestic and foreign price spread, stock, and imports to a certain extent; however, it cannot fundamentally solve the negative impact of this policy. Second, cancellation of the minimum wheat purchase price policy can significantly reduce domestic and foreign price spread, stock, and imports; however, it will also significantly reduce wheat production and threaten China’s grain security. Third, cancellation of the minimum wheat purchase price and the increase in agricultural production subsidies can solve the negative impact of the minimum purchase price policy and reduce the impact of the cancellation of the minimum purchase price policy on grain supply security. This policy adjustment is more sustainable than China’s current policy. Finally, this paper asserts that China’s grain price policy reform will influence and have implications for stakeholders in the global grain industry.
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Madaleno, Mara, and Carlos Pinho. "Evidence of Macroeconomic Policy Effects over Company-Sector Stock Returns." Revista de Estudos Sociais 16, no. 31 (November 11, 2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19093/res.v16i31.1977.
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Given that stock markets may act as an economy mirror, it is explored the sensitivity of company-sector-specific stock returns to macroeconomic news reflecting different economic environments for the UK, US, Germany, Japan and Australian markets between March 1993 and February 2013 using monthly data. Results seem to indicate that portfolio investors need to be aware that movements in the market index is the best predictor to forecast stock returns of individual companies and sectors in developed economies. Sentiment influences individual company’s returns of the utilities sector, even if these are considered of limited growth and stable earnings, for UK, USA and Australia, turning investor confidence a relevant variable to be included. Information increases about industrial production have no influence on company and sector stocks, thus not affecting investor’s decision in developed countries. As for Japan, results seem to indicate that the higher the need of oil imports of a country, the higher will be the positive impact of oil price changes over company returns. Finally, the riskless interest rate has no effect on sector stock returns independently of the country under analysis. For developed economies, we confirm the finding that stocks cannot be used as a hedge against inflation.
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Embke, Holly S., Andrew L. Rypel, Stephen R. Carpenter, Greg G. Sass, Derek Ogle, Thomas Cichosz, Joseph Hennessy, Timothy E. Essington, and M. Jake Vander Zanden. "Production dynamics reveal hidden overharvest of inland recreational fisheries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (November 20, 2019): 24676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913196116.
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Recreational fisheries are valued at $190B globally and constitute the predominant way in which people use wild fish stocks in developed countries, with inland systems contributing the main fraction of recreational fisheries. Although inland recreational fisheries are thought to be highly resilient and self-regulating, the rapid pace of environmental change is increasing the vulnerability of these fisheries to overharvest and collapse. Here we directly evaluate angler harvest relative to the biomass production of individual stocks for a major inland recreational fishery. Using an extensive 28-y dataset of the walleye (Sander vitreus) fisheries in northern Wisconsin, United States, we compare empirical biomass harvest (Y) and calculated production (P) and biomass (B) for 390 lake year combinations. Production overharvest occurs when harvest exceeds production in that year. Biomass and biomass turnover (P/B) declined by ∼30 and ∼20%, respectively, over time, while biomass harvest did not change, causing overharvest to increase. Our analysis revealed that ∼40% of populations were production-overharvested, a rate >10× higher than estimates based on population thresholds often used by fisheries managers. Our study highlights the need to adapt harvest to changes in production due to environmental change.
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Hubarieva, I., and V. Rudyka. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND TRENDS OF THE WORLD AND UKRAINE OIL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.1-11.
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The article assesses the state and defines the main tendencies of the development of the world and Ukrainian oil markets. Analysis of trends in the development of the world and domestic oil markets was carried out on the basis of data describing both stocks and production, and consumption of oil, as well as production from it and consumption of petroleum products, taking into account foreign economic relations of the country. The regional structure of world production, consumption, export and import of oil is estimated. The assessment of the state and trends of the world and Ukrainian oil markets is the basis for choosing the priority directions of ensuring Ukraine's energy security. Key words: oil, oil market, fuel and energy resources, regional structure, development
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Marshall, C. Tara, Olav Sigurd Kjesbu, Nathalia A. Yaragina, Per Solemdal, and Øyvind Ulltang. "Is spawner biomass a sensitive measure of the reproductive and recruitment potential of Northeast Arctic cod?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 1766–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-062.
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The assumption that spawner biomass is directly proportional to total egg production by fish stocks underlies most spawner-recruit relationships. Despite its importance, this assumption is largely untested. Data describing the reproductive potential of Northeast Arctic (NEA) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were used to test the proportionality assumption for a period showing strong variation in condition and abundance of spawners. At the individual scale, relative fecundity varied with length and condition. This decreases the likelihood that the proportionality assumption is valid. At the stock level, total egg production was estimated (1985-1996) using acoustic estimates of total abundance and demographic information from trawl sampling in combination with year-specific fecundity-length relationships. For NEA cod, spawner biomass estimated by virtual population analysis (VPA) was not proportional to total egg production. Compared with VPA-based estimates of spawner biomass, total egg production is an improved index of recruitment potential because (i) the magnitude of variation observed in total egg production was closer to that observed in recruitment and (ii) the relationship between recruitment at age 1 and total egg production approaches the origin. The results suggest that further progress in explaining recruitment variation will be achieved using more sensitive measures of the true reproductive potential of the stock.
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Thompson, Keith R., and Fred H. Page. "Detecting Synchrony of Recruitment using Short, Autocorrelated Time Series." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-230.
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Synchrony of recruitment to distinct fish stocks is difficult to detect because the available time series are generally short and autocorrelated. The recent introduction of more sophisticated statistical techniques has not been particularly helpful; several contradictory interpretations of similar data sets are discussed in the paper. To help resolve the continuing controversy surrounding the question of synchrony, we review three statistical tests of independence and determine their power using simulated data. The tests are then applied to recruitment data for six cod (Gadus morhua) and three haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stocks of the northwest Atlantic. Prior to analysis each series was first-differenced to reduce autocorrelation and hence increase statistical reliability in the results. The cod stocks are shown to fluctuate independently of the haddock stocks. There is, however, evidence of synchrony for stocks of the same species; the more widely separated cod stocks have a lower mean correlation [Formula: see text] than the haddock [Formula: see text] but both correlations are significant at the 1% level. The within-species synchrony is not due to fluctuations in our index of egg production and it appears that environmental forcing is probably important.
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van Damme, Cindy J. G., Loes J. Bolle, Clive J. Fox, Petter Fossum, Gerd Kraus, Peter Munk, Norbert Rohlf, Peter R. Witthames, and Mark Dickey-Collas. "A reanalysis of North Sea plaice spawning-stock biomass using the annual egg production method." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 9 (June 20, 2009): 1999–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp169.
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Abstract van Damme, C. J. G., Bolle, L. J., Fox, C. J., Fossum, P., Kraus, G., Munk, P., Rohlf, N., Witthames, P. R., and Dickey-Collas, M. 2009. A reanalysis of North Sea plaice spawning-stock biomass using the annual egg production method. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1999–2011. Uncertainty about the quality of current virtual population analysis-based stock assessment for North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) has led to various abundance indices. We compared biomass estimates from the annual egg production (AEP) method with current stock assessments based on catch-at-age to validate the current and historical perception of exploitation. The AEP method was also used to investigate the dynamics of the spatial components of plaice in the North Sea. We corrected for fecundity down-regulation and changes in sex ratio. Estimates from both methods were similar in trend and absolute biomass. On the Dogger Bank, there was a dramatic decline in biomass from 1948 and 1950 to 2004, and in the Southern Bight, the stock appeared to increase from 1987 and 1988 to 2004, although not reaching the historically high levels of 1948 or 1950. The timing of spawning of North Sea plaice does not appear to have changed throughout the period of high exploitation. We conclude that the AEP method is a useful way to hindcast the spatial dynamics of heavily exploited flatfish stocks.
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Schnute, Jon T., Al Cass, and Laura J. Richards. "A Bayesian decision analysis to set escapement goals for Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 962–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-017.
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This paper illustrates a complete Bayesian decision analysis for evaluating multistock harvest goals in the fishery on Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). We identify four key steps necessary to assess a resource production system. Each step entails choices that can alter the perceived consequences of management decisions. A Markov chain Monte Carlo sample captures uncertainty in the population dynamics. The Bayesian formalism then translates this uncertainty into uncertain policy outcomes. We examine a relatively simple control law, designed to protect stocks at low abundance. We restrict our attention to retrospective policy analysis by investigating what might have happened to sockeye stocks if management had proceeded differently during years for which historical data are available. A formal objective function quantifies societal values associated with a range of policy options. To confine the paper to manageable scope, we consider only relatively simple assumptions. Our analytical framework offers an iterative route to policy design, where managers play an active role in formulating policy options and evaluating their consequences.
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Černíková, Renata, and Pavel Žufan. "Analysis of the wine production sector in the Czech Republic and Germany." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 6 (2004): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452060019.
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The paper analyzes the current situation and the development in the wine production sector in the Germany and compares it with the situation in the wine production sector in the Czech Republic. The aim is to find identical trends and differences in the production and consumption of wine and foreign trade with wine in the both countries. The aim also is to define the main opportunities and threats for German wine producers in the Czech market and for Czech wineries in the German market.The domestic production is not able to cover the domestic consumption of wine in the both analyzed countries that is why wine is necessary to import. The domestic production covered only 52% of the domestic consumption in the Germany and only 41% of the domestic consumption in the Czech Republic in the analyzed years on average. The proportion in the production of red and white wine is identical in the Germany and in the Czech Republic as well (in the Germany in 2002 white wine 65%, red wine 35%; in the CR white wine 72%, red wine 28%). There is also the unbalanced foreign trade with wine in the both countries.The main difference of the Germany and the Czech wine market is possible to find in the size of the both markets. The German wine market is twelve times bigger according to the total consumption volume; the average annual consumption of wine varied about 24 litres per inhabitant. In the Czech Republic the wine consumption was increasing in the last 10 years, though the average year consumption of wine was only 14 litres per inhabitant in 2002.In contrast to the Czech Republic the Germany has very high stocks of wine (in 2001/2002 the wine stock was 14765 thousand hectolitres; 74% of domestic consumption), and very high share (94% in 2002) of the merging wine on the total production as well.The paper is a part of solution of the grant awarded by the Ministry of agriculture (NAZV) No. QF 3276 and it focuses on environmental analysis of the wine-production industry in the Czech Republic.
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Berta, Attila, and Béla Béri. "Evaluation of Origin and Conformation of Excellent Cows with Long Productive Lives." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 16 (December 6, 2005): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3282.
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In the last few decades a new intensive milking stock has developed as a result of breed-converter crossing in Hungary. Beside this reproduction biology of the population was affected adversely by the keeping-, and feeding technology. Serviceable lifetime has shortened and service period has lenghtened. Whereas profitable milk production needs cows with longer productive life, larger life-time production. In our work we analysed the productivity-, and reputation parameters of the 200 highest lifetime-productivity cows of Hungary. We found that inheritance has not got important role in the serviceable lifetime. Adaptability and good constitution of Holstein-friesian is proved by the fact that cows with large life-time production are reared in large plants, some of them in large stocks, industrial environment. We found during the analysis of reputation parameters that these prominent cows mostly have deeper body, higher dairy form, higher rear udder, smaller foot angle. We found some weak connection between the milk production and the reputation. Loose correlations between useful material content and some linear traits were found.
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Benghali, Sofiane Mohamed el Amine, and Ali Kherraz. "Assessment of the biological reference point F0.1 of Greater Forkbeard, in the bay of Mostaganem west Algeria." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(1).p8-14.
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The Biological Reference Points are values of the level of fishing mortality or of the biomass of the stock which seek a long-term sustainable exploitation of the stocks, with the best possible catch. Von Bertalanffy's growth parameters: L∞ = 39.64 (cm), K = 0.36 (year-1), t0 = -0.22 (year), W∞ = 454.85 (g), and the monthly monitoring of size frequencies, allowed to identify the size of first sexual maturity L50, total mortality (Z = 2.11), natural mortality (M = 0.57) and fishing mortality (F = 1.54), all these values were evaluated in the objective to estimate the biological reference points. The assessment was performed using length cohort analysis (LCA) and biomass and yield per recruit’s analyses as implemented in VIT4Win software, the program reconstructs the population using mortality vectors and the production per recruit analysis is based on fishing mortality (F). The values of mortality determined seem concentrated on individuals with a size between 22 and 26 cm Lt, Maximum Sustainable Yield MSY 43.25g,the total balanced biomass was estimated at 3.84 t and the yield per recruit analysis (Y/R = 27.87 g) based on current fishing effort showed that the stock is at its minimum operating limit.
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Jóvér, János, Károly Antal, and László Éri. "Caliometric characterisation of crop production byproducts." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 55 (February 25, 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/55/1909.
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By the decreasing tendency of the fossil energy resources more emphasis put on the usage of renewable energy resources. The consideration of environmental protection and the efforts of the European Union make current the widespread usage of renewable energy within biomass energy. One of the determinative trends of biomass energy is the direct combustion of biomass. Characteristically woody stocks are produced for this aim, but there is a considerable potential in several byproducts of growing herbaceous plants or of other processes.
In our study three byproducts of plant production have been investigated which appeared at the harvest. The Higher Heating Values of wheat, maize and sunflower byproducts have been determined by an IKA C2000 Basic adiabatic calorimeter. According to the statistical analysis of the measured data the HHV of the byproducts are different, and these values are in a negative correlation with the amount of ash in % (R2=0.873) appeared by the combustion.
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Johansson, Per-Olov, and Bengt Kriström. "On the Social Cost of Water-Related Disasters." Water Economics and Policy 01, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x15500150.
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This paper is devoted to some important welfare economic issues related to natural disasters, in particular those connected with floods and storms. Our analysis of the social cost of a natural disaster is different from (most) existing analyses, in that we focus sharply on the welfare effects of a disaster. We derive a simple dynamic general equilibrium cost–benefit rule, which captures loss in production of private and public goods, as well as the value of (statistical) lives lost; it also clarifies the role played by changes in stocks and flows, respectively. Standard analysis of losses typically only includes damages to market-priced stocks and flows, thus our model paints a different picture of social cost. This difference is particularly striking for disaster that results in many deaths, but has relatively low (reported) costs. We take our model to the data by using EM-DAT, one of the several prominent databases in this literature, focusing on water-related disasters in the US.