Relevant bibliographies by topics / Analysis of sales costs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Analysis of sales costs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Analysis of sales costs"

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Listiawati, Karta Negara Salam, Retno Wulansari, and Pramudi Harsono. "Promotion Costs Analysis To Increased Volume Sales In The Convection Companies." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 5 (2021): 1542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i5.300.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical data about whether or not there is a relationship between sales promotion costs and sales volume and how much influence the promotion costs have on sales volume at the company. In this study, the documentation method was used in data collection, then proceeded to the analysis process using correlation and regression analysis.The population in this study is the total cost of sales promotion and sales volume at the company. Due to the limitations of time, cost, manpower, and so on, the researchers took samples, namely sales promotion costs, and co
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Stoenoiu, Carmen-Elena. "Comparative analysis for estimating production costs." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818404004.

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The analysis of the cost of production is a complex problem, being very useful in the planning and control process as well as in production and sales. In this study, this was done using three methods: accounting analysis, high-low and regression analysis that allowed cost elements to be identified through a cost equation that can be used in planning and control analysis or in sales activity. At the same time, the evolution of the cost elements was achieved using two estimates used by the accounting method. The High-Low method allowed the determination of the minimum and maximum activity level
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Dian Sandalayuk, Dwibin Kannapadang, and Ade Lisa Matasik. "Pengaruh Biaya Produksi Terhadap Omset Penjualan Kopi Toraja." Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 3, no. 3 (2023): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jebaku.v3i3.2857.

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This study used a questionnaire distributed to employees at Kopi Salu Sopai, North Toraja Regency with a total sample of 16 respondents. Sampling using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. From the test results it is known that raw material costs have a significant effect on sales turnover. Labor costs have a significant effect on sales turnover. Factory overhead costs have a significant effect on sales turnover. Simultaneously show so that raw material costs, labor costs and factory overhead costs simultaneously affect sales turnover.
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Hayati, Sri, and Henny Andriyani Wirananda. "Pengaruh Biaya Operasional terhadap Laba Bersih Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2020-2022." Jurnal EMT KITA 9, no. 1 (2025): 278–86. https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v9i1.3568.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the partial and simultaneous effects of production costs, sales costs and other costs on net profit in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. This research is a quantitative study. The research sample used a saturated sampling method with a total of 33 samples. The data analysis technique for this study used the classical assumption test method, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the partial test value of production costs tcount 13.608> ttable
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Salim, Edy. "PERANAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI DAN BIAYA PERSONAL SELLING TERHADAP PENJUALAN PADA TOKO ERA KERAMIKA PEMATANGSIANTAR." SULTANIST: Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37403/sultanist.v7i1.131.

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The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze 1. The Description of distribution costs, personal selling costs, and sales at Keramika Pematangsiantar Era Store. 2. The role of distribution cost and personal selling costs on sales the Pematangsiantar Era Keramika Store both simultaneously and partially.Based on the results of the analysis through the trend formlula for 1. Distribution cost, it can be interpreted that the distribution cost are interpreted that the distribution costs are positively proportional to sales, where when X is raised one unit is predicted to increase sales. The tr
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Salim, Edy, Darwin Lie, Marisi Butarbutar, and Julyanthry Julyanthry. "PERANAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI DAN BIAYA PERSONAL SELLING TERHADAP PENJUALAN PADA TOKO ERA KERAMIKA PEMATANGSIANTAR." SULTANIST: Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37403/sultanist.v7i1.132.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine and analyze 1. The Description of distribution costs, personal selling costs, and sales at Keramika Pematangsiantar Era Store. 2. The role of distribution cost and personal selling costs on sales the Pematangsiantar Era Keramika Store both simultaneously and partially.Based on the results of the analysis through the trend formlula for 1. Distribution cost, it can be interpreted that the distribution cost are interpreted that the distribution costs are positively proportional to sales, where when X is raised one unit is predicted to increase sales
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Suwarna, Roy Adi, Miguna Astuti, Ivan Yulivan, and Diana Triwardhani. "Analysis of Sales Volume Through Purchase Intention Considering the Influence of Price, Discounts, and Shipping Costs." Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting 6, no. 1 (2025): 253–69. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v6i1.4151.

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This study analyzes the influence of price, discounts, and shipping costs on sales volume through purchase intention at an authorized Daikin AC dealer in Banten. Data were collected via questionnaires from 173 respondents and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. The findings indicate that price, discounts, and shipping costs significantly affect sales volume both directly and through purchase intention. Hypothesis testing results reveal that price, discounts, and shipping costs have a positive effect on sales volume, with t-statistics of 5.43, 4.67, and 3.95, respectively. Moreover, purchase intention
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Suselo, Dedi, and Miftahur Rohmah. "THE EFFECT OF PRODUCTION COSTS, OPERATIONAL COSTS, MARKETING COSTS AND PROMOTIONAL COSTS ON NET PROFIT WITH SALES VOLUME AS INTERVENING VARIABLES IN PT GUDANG GARAM TBK 2015-2019." BALANCE: JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC ACCOUNTING 2, no. 02 (2022): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/balance.v2i02.5376.

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Net income is a component for measuring the success of a company. Several factors that affect net income are the amount of production costs, operational costs, marketing costs and promotional costs incurred by the company. The purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of independent variables on production costs, operational costs, marketing costs and promotional costs on net income through sales volume as an intervening variable with the research object at PT Gudang Garam Tbk for the period 2015 to 2019. Analysis of the data used in This study uses the classical assumption test, multiple
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Eka Dian Puspita, Ilvi Nur Widiana, Rofiatul Adwiyah Mufidah, M. Maulana Nasir, and M.Aldi Al Fauji. "Pengaruh Biaya Produksi Dan Biaya Operasional Terhadap Laba Bersih Melalui Volume Penjualan Di UD. Gajah Tempur." Student Scientific Creativity Journal 1, no. 5 (2023): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/sscj-amik.v1i5.1931.

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This research aims to examine the relationship between production costs and net profit, sales volume, operational costs and net profit, sales volume, as well as the relationship between net profit and sales volume. This research utilizes a quantitative approach using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The population in this research is the sales data at UD. Gajah Tempur, and the sample in this research adopts a non-probability sampling design with a saturated sample of 39 respondents. The analysis techniques employed in this research are descriptive analysis and inferential statistical ana
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Yunike Ameliasari and Ahmad Dwi Nurdiyanto. "Pengaruh Biaya Produksi dan Harga Jual terhadap Omset Penjualan Telur." Prosiding Seminar Nasional Manajemen dan Ekonomi 1, no. 2 (2022): 260–69. https://doi.org/10.59024/semnas.v1i2.635.

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The purpose of this study: 1). To determine the effect of production costs on sales turnover, 2). To determine the effect of selling prices on sales turnover, 3). To determine the simultaneous effect of production costs and selling prices on sales turnover. This study was conducted by sampling, with purposive sampling technique, with saturated sampling. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression, descriptive statistical methods, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study can be concluded that: 1). Production costs have a significant ef
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Analysis of sales costs"

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Власюк, О. В. "Вдосконалення збутової діяльності підприємства". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Vlasiuk.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти ефективного збуту на підприємстві ТОВ «Телекарт-Прилад» Проаналізовано ефективність збутової діяльності на прикладі ТОВ «Телекарт-Прилад»; позитивні і негативні сторони в діючій системі збуту. Запропоновано практичні рекомендації щодо усунення виявлених недоліків у системі збуту на підприємстві і підвищення ефективності цього аспекту<br>Tesis deals with theoretical aspects of effective sales at the enterprise LLC "Telecard-Device" Autor analysis effici
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Дармакука, Д. І. "Облік, аудит та аналіз витрат операційної діяльності торговельного підприємства (на прикладі ТОВ «ТАВРІЯ В»)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/1.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>Кваліфікаційна робота бакалавра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – система бухгалтерського обліку, аналізу та аудиту витрат операційної діяльності на підприємстві. У роботі розглядаються питання щодо сутності, класифікації, оцінки та умов визнання витрат операційної діяльності. Проаналізовано діючу практику обліку та внутрішнього контролю витрат операційної діяльності в ТОВ «ТАВРІЯ В». Запропоновано комплекс заходів, направлених на удосконалення системи обліку та аудиту витрат
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Murtha, Brian Robert. "Zigzagging across the boundary examining the interplay of marketing activities within and between firms /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24701.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Co-Chair: Goutam Challagalla; Committee Co-Chair: Sundar Bharadwaj; Committee Member: Ajay Kohli; Committee Member: Alka Citrin; Committee Member: Koert van Ittersum
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Řezníček, Jaroslav. "Návrh na zlepšení ekonomické situace podniku s využitím produkční funkce a BEP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222357.

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This Master’s thesis is concerned with analysis of production function and analysis of Break Even Point in the company called XY s.r.o. On the basis of BEP analysis in relation with production function I will compose the improvement suggestion of economic situation in the company. Implementation of whole the improvement suggestion will take effect in expansion of profit of the company.
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Dingus, Rebecca. "Recognizing uncertainty and managing appropriately| How should sales managers do it?" Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618901.

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<p> This dissertation explores the effects of sales managers' behaviors on sales force performance, given various situations that sales forces face. Using a structure-conduct-performance framework, the most appropriate behaviors that sales managers should engage in are determined by assessing performance relative to sales managers' conduct in the presence of varied structural factors. </p><p> Assuming that a sales manager's conduct varies based on the structural (i.e., situational) variables facing a sales force, a framework of transaction cost economics is used to identify the structural va
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Řezníčková, Soňa. "Návrh na zlepšení ekonomické situace podniku s využitím analýzy bodu zvratu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221809.

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This Master’s thesis is concerned with analysis of Break Even Point in the company called XY s.r.o. On the basis of BEP analysis in relation to evaluation of economic situation by financial analysis I will compose the improvement suggestion of economic situation in the company. Implementation of whole the improvement suggestion will take effect in reduction of company indebtedness, expansion of surplus and prestige of the company.
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Gryč, Matěj. "Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje společnosti GREEN SPEDITION s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377958.

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The aim of this work is to evaluate the current situation of Green Spedition s.r.o. and to formulate the business plan for further development. The theoretical basis forms the basis for further exploration. The current state has been assessed by using strategic and financial analysis methods and other indicators used to manage the company. The results are the basis for the formulation of recommendations to ensure the future development of the company.
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Hubáček, Petr. "Návrh finančního plánu stavební společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402079.

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The objective of this diploma thesis is to create a financial plan for a selected company. The first part deals with theoretical knowledge which is necessary for the formation of the financial plan. The second part focuses on the presentation of the selected company, and creating a strategical and financial analysis. Based on all the gathered information, two options of a financial plan will be created. The last part presents an overall evaluation of the plan.
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Іванова, Д. С. "Організаційно – методичні аспекти обліку та контролю витрат операційної діяльності (на прикладі ТОВ фірма «Торгтехніка»)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Ivanova0.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти сутності та класифікації витрат, теоретико-методичні та практичні аспекти обліку витрат операційної діяльності з урахуванням вимог національних стандартів обліку, проблематику обліку витрат в підприємствах. Проаналізовано основні економічні показники розвитку підприємства, діючу систему обліку та методику проведення контролю витрат операційної діяльності на підприємстві. Запропоновано напрямки поліпшення облікового забезпечення систематизації витрат опе
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Buršová, Eva. "Návrh finančního plánu vybraného podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377950.

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This diploma thesis deals with the preparation of the financial plan proposal for the selected company. The first part focuses on the theoretical basis, followed by the analytical part, where the analyzed company is presented, the strategic financial analysis of the company is made on the basis of which a financial plan is proposed in two variants. Following is the evaluation of the plan and the draft recommendation.
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Books on the topic "Analysis of sales costs"

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P, Murthy D. N., ed. Warranty cost analysis. M. Dekker, 1994.

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G, Schuster Ervin. Below-cost timber sales: Analysis of a forest policy issue. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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Schuster, Ervin G. Below-cost timber sales: Analysis of a forest policy issue. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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G, Schuster Ervin. Below-cost timber sales: Analysis of a forest policy issue. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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Schuster, Ervin G. Below-cost timber sales: Analysis of a forest policy issue. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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Schuster, Ervin G. Below-cost timber sales: Analysis of a forest policy issue. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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G, Schuster Ervin. Below-cost timber sales: Analysis of a forest policy issue. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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Askerov, Pulat, and Hetag Kibirov. Analysis of financial and economic activity of the enterprise. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2162835.

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The textbook contains an overview of the general theory and methodology of economic analysis, production results, the use of material and labor resources, as well as fixed assets, production and sales costs, and an assessment of the effectiveness of an enterprise. Self-study questions and test material for each chapter are presented. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education. It is intended for students, postgraduates, teachers of economic universities, managers, students of advanced training courses and business schools.
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Sigidov, Yuriy, Galina Yasmenko, Elena Oksanich, et al. Accounting and analysis. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1867627.

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The textbook outlines the most important aspects of accounting and analysis of assets, liabilities and capital of the organization. The presented material consists of two parts. The first part sets out the concept, tasks and functions of accounting, regulatory regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation, ethical requirements for an accountant; describes the subject and method of accounting, types and structure of accounting accounts and rules for the formation of correspondence accounts; organizational and methodological foundations of economic analysis are considered.&#x0D; The second
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Chernysheva, Yuliya. Analysis and diagnostics of financial-economic activity of enterprise(organization). INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24681.

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The textbook contains the main elements of the methodology for diagnostics and analysis of financial and economic activities of the organization. The chapters of the textbook consider the role, significance, types, methods of analysis of financial and economic activities of the organization, its mathematical tools, the history and new directions of analysis of the organization's activities in Russian and foreign analytical practice, as well as methods for analyzing the volume of production, sales and cost of production, the analysis of security and use of material and labor resources, fixed as
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Book chapters on the topic "Analysis of sales costs"

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Johnston, Mark W., and Greg W. Marshall. "Cost Analysis." In Sales Force Management. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003134688-12.

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Johnston, Mark W., Greg W. Marshall, and Jessica L. Ogilvie. "Cost Analysis." In Sales Force Management, 14th ed. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032692807-15.

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Briciu, Arabela, Victor-Alexandru Briciu, Claudiu Vasile Cogean, and Ana-Maria Gulpe. "Online Marketing Strategies Used in the Promotion of Dietary Supplements in Romania." In Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51038-0_45.

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AbstractThe sale of dietary supplements in Romania has become increasingly important, competition is high and the online environment is an important channel for communication, promotion and sales. With the growth of online sales of dietary supplements, the increase in the number of users on social media platforms and mobile applications, there has been a significant increase in the number of companies that have chosen to promote their products online. Apart from that, there are other reasons for intensive online promotion: low cost, control and sorting of the target audience, analysis of the r
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Petersen, Glen S. "Costs and Justification." In High-Impact Sales Force Automation. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429271496-12.

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Stapleton, Andrew Hubert Melendrez. "A Transaction Cost Analysis of the Impact of Stack Trains on Steamship Lines’ Sales Force Governance Decisions." In Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11885-7_79.

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Hu, Ming. "Data analysis." In Green Building Costs. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316855-7.

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Hu, Ming. "Meta-analysis findings." In Green Building Costs. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316855-4.

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Castro-Zuluaga, Carlos A., and Mariana Arboleda. "Sales Forecasting Difficulties’ Analysis on Colombian Direct Sales Companies." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49370-7_12.

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Mukherjee, Shyama Prasad. "Analysis of Quality Costs." In India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1271-7_7.

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Schalock, Robert L., and Craig V. D. Thornton. "Analysis of Program Costs." In Program Evaluation. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3508-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Analysis of sales costs"

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Menzies, T. R. "National Cost of Motor Vehicle Corrosion from Deicing Salts." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91399.

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Abstract In 1989 Congress and the Federal Highway Administration asked the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Research Council to assemble a special committee to study the full economic costs of using salt for highway deicing. The purpose of this paper is to identify some of the important issues related to motor vehicle corrosion, and to discuss some of the cost estimates that have been proposed to the committee. Estimates are provided for two categories of cost: corrosion prevention and corrosion damage. Prevention costs, which involve the many rust-resistant designs, materia
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Zyder, Vaclav, Jakub Chlopecky, Jaroslav Hubacek, David Rokosz, and Matej Hrouda. "ECONOMIC BALANCE OF THE SORTING LINE FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE PROCESSING." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.63.

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The contribution focuses on the optimization of the economic balance of the sorting line for the processing of municipal waste with the aim of increasing the efficiency and sustainability of waste management. This abstract provides an overview of the key economic aspects that affect sorting line operations, including cost, revenue and financial return analysis. Major cost items include investment in modern sorting line technology, installation and commissioning costs, and operating costs associated with maintenance, energy and labor. On the revenue side, the income from the sale of sorted mate
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Noyce, Paul A., and Alvan L. Hite. "Selection of Corrosion Mitigation System for Two Reinforced Concrete Natural Draft Hyperbolic Cooling Towers in a Marine Environment." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10126.

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Abstract A decision to install Impressed Current Cathodic Protection on two 436 feet high cooling towers with a surface area of 385,000 square feet each was proven to be the right corrosion mitigation choice when all other electrochemical methods and repair techniques were assessed. The selection process for the use of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection included a series of testing and evaluation methods that are used to determine the most affective approach. Due to the ever increasing test methods and long term repair solutions being offered by the market, owners are often in a difficult p
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Eisenhauer, Nicci. "Industrial Marketing & Sales in a Digital Age." In SSPC 2012 Greencoat. SSPC, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2012-00012.

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Abstract The participation of sales, technical and marketing personnel in the development and implementation of an internet-based communications strategy that represents the company’s expertise in the format of education and information-sharing via various web-based tools will yield brand awareness, brand credibility and brand loyalty, while potentially shortening sales cycles. Using a balanced mix of traditional marketing tactics employed more effectively to drive traffic to informational venues such as blogs, forums and the corporate website for information in the spirit of furthering the in
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Bäßler, Ralph, Andreas Burkert, Thomas Frølund, and Oskar Klinghoffer. "Usage of GPM-Portable Equipment for Determination of Corrosion Stage of Concrete Structures." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03388.

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Abstract During a Brite/Euram Project several European partners developed and produced an integrated monitoring system. So the inspection and maintenance costs and the traffic impairments can be reduced. One part of this project was concerned with evaluation of portable techniques for evaluation of reinforcement corrosion. During this work a newly developed, hand held, easily to handle, portable equipment based on the galvanostatic pulse method (GPM) was developed. This paper deals with the results and analysis of the GPM measurements performed on a highwaybridge exposed to de-icing salts as w
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Macdonald, Ruaridh, and Dharik S. Mallapragada. "Integrated Design and Scheduling Optimization of Multi-product processes � case study of Nuclear-Based Hydrogen and Electricity Co-Production." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.158610.

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Increasing wind and solar electricity generation in power systems increases temporal variability in electricity prices which incentivizes the development of flexible processes for electricity generation and electricity-based fuels/chemicals production. Here, we develop a computational framework for the integrated design and optimization of multi-product processes interacting with the grid under time-varying electricity prices. Our analysis focuses on the case study of nuclear-based hydrogen (H2) and electricity generation, involving nuclear power plants (NPP) producing high temperature heat an
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Kazmer, David, and Christoph Roser. "Analysis of Design for Global Manufacturing Guidelines." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34282.

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Globalization is motivated by the potential for cost reduction through access to lower labor costs, as well as by the potential for increased sales through access to new markets. A review of cost data indicates the potential savings related to labor as compared to the potential additional costs related to raw materials, shipping, and tariffs. A logistics cost model is then presented that considers purchase cost, shipping cost, inventory holding cost, order cost, and stock out cost subject to demand uncertainty. Four different design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) guidelines are then ana
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Lukic, Radojko. "Analysis of Trade Margins in Serbia." In 29th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-428-9_373.

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Research into the size and structure of the margin in trade is a continuous, relevant, and complex issue. Margin is one of the significant performance indicators of trade. In this study, starting from that, the size and structure of the trade margin of the European Union are analyzed, with special reference to Serbia. The research results show the following: In the trade of the European Union, the margin rate ranges from 7.02% ( Luxembourg) to 22.05% (Ireland). In the leading countries of the European Union, the trade margin rate is Germany at 15.15%, France at 16.48%, and Italy at 13.48%. In
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Hawryluk, Andrew M., Gilbert Shelden, and Patrick Troccolo. "EUVL Reticle Factory Model and Reticle Cost Analysis." In Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/eul.1996.r54.

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The key issues in reticle manufacturing are cost and delivery time, both of which are dependent upon the yield of the process line. To estimate the cost and delivery time for EUVL reticles in commercial manufacturing, we have developed the first model for an EUV reticle factory which includes all the tools required for a presumed EUVL reticle fabrication process. This model includes the building, support tools and sufficient “in-line” process tools for the manufacture of (more than) 2500 reticles per year. Industry specifications for the tool performance are used to determine the number of too
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Nikolaeva, Ekaterina, Dmitri Pletnev, and Stanislav Lushnikov. "Transaction Costs of Large and Mid-sized Corporations in Russia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00913.

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In the times of economic instability in most developed countries, a decrease is experienced in the effectiveness of many large public corporations. Such corporations are facing high expenditures (transaction costs mostly) and extremely low return on invested capital. Medium-sized businesses, on the contrary, prove to be more efficient: they show an acceptable level of profitability and total cost savings. The purpose of the present study is to calculate and analyse transaction costs of medium and large corporations and identify an impact of these costs on the performance of companies. Within t
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Reports on the topic "Analysis of sales costs"

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Grijalva, Diego F., Carlos Uribe-Terán, and Iván Gachet. The Contractionary Effects of Protectionist Trade Policy in a Dollarized Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005501.

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This study analyzes the firm-level impacts of temporary safeguard import tariffs implemented in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, we explore the policy's effects on a unique dataset combining firm- and product-level data. We focus on the direct effects on importing firms and indirect effects through the value chain. The analysis shows that, while the safeguards significantly reduced imports, they also resulted in short-run negative scale effects on firms. These include reduced sales, employment, labor costs, and material costs, without positive impac
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Sheldon, Tamara, and Rubal Dua. The Dynamic Role of Subsidies in Promoting Global Electric Vehicle Sales. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp02.

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We offer the most comprehensive analysis to date of global plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) subsidies. We accomplish this by estimating vehicle choice models for 23 countries using 2010–2019 sales data and using counterfactual simulations to assess the cost-effectiveness of PEV incentives.
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Zhang, Jiayi. Mepsy Methodology: Model and Approach for Climate Impact Analysis. CLASP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70098/ouan6240.

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Mepsy is CLASP’s appliance and equipment climate impact calculator. It’s designed for policymakers, researchers, and other industry stakeholders to model different policy scenarios and measure their impact. Mepsy uses a “bottom-up” accounting approach, considering the number of appliances in use in a country, the energy performance of representative products, the climate-intensity of the local power grid, and other variables to analyze the electricity use, carbon dioxide emissions, and consumer energy costs associated with a given policy scenario. Wherever possible, the calculator references p
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Patalinghug, Epictetus, Aubrey Tabuga, Madeleine Louise Baiño, Mark Gerard Ruiz, Ma Kristina Ortiz, and Danika Astilla-Magoncia. Philippine Retirement Authority Policy Development with Impact Assessment. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.13.

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This study's third phase evaluates the regulatory impact analysis (RIA) of policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the Philippine Retirement Authority's (PRA) retirement program, focusing on competitiveness and sustainability. Utilizing methodologies such as benefit-cost analysis, breakeven analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and regression analysis, the study compares targeting foreign retirees aged 40 and above with those aged 50 and above, assesses the cost-effectiveness of current PRA policies, and determines breakeven volumes. Findings reveal that lowering the minimum retirement age
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Lee, Richard, David Reinke, Christopher Ferrell, Charles Rivasplata, John Eells, and Luana Chen. The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Transit in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2025.2313.

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This report presents the findings from our study for the California State Assembly Transportation Committee on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Bay Area Transit. The study consisted of a review of the literature on the effects of the pandemic on transit in the US, a detailed look at changes in ridership and economics for Bay Area transit agencies, comparisons of Bay Area transit ridership changes to those in similar US metropolitan areas, and analysis of possible remedies to restore the financial health of Bay Area transit agencies. Bay Area transit ridership has recovered somewhat from
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Wiggins, Steve, Marco Carreras, and Amrita Saha. Returns to Commercialisation: Gross Margins of Commercial Crops Grown by Smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.013.

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What are the returns to smallholders when they grow commercial crops for sale in rural Africa? The gross value of production per hectare is sometimes reported, with some recent estimates ranging from as much as US$10,000/ha for irrigated vegetables in Zimbabwe to as little as US$250 for sunflower grown on semi-arid land without irrigation in central Tanzania. Gross value, however, takes no account of the costs farmers incur in growing their crops. In this paper, we use gross margin (GM) analysis to take account of those costs and give a truer estimate of the returns to farmers.
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Mendez-Curbelo, Pablo, and Malcolm Moncheur de Rieudotte. Photovoltaic and Cost Analysis for Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. https://doi.org/10.2172/2505055.

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Lang, Larry, Annette Poulsen, and Rene Stulz. Asset Sales, Firm Performance, and the Agency Costs of Managerial Discretion. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4654.

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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.

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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agr
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Besley, Timothy, and Harvey Rosen. Sales Taxes and Prices: An Empirical Analysis. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6667.

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