Relevant bibliographies by topics / Analysis profitability

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Academic literature on the topic 'Analysis profitability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Analysis profitability"

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Garanča, Biruta. "ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 4 (June 23, 2012): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2012vol1.4.1826.

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In order to make a deeper analysis of the influencing factors of profitability on the basis of the data from annual reports, in a situation when there is a possibility of choosing between the profit or loss calculation methods, there is a need of another profitability index – profitability of the basic activity. Calculation formulas of the profit of the basic activity according to the indexes of the method of turnover cost and the method of payment for the period have been worked out. The article illustrates the application of both the formulas to the business in Latvia as a whole and specifically in Latgale on the basis of annual report for 2010.
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Smith, Malcolm, and Shane Dikolli. "Customer profitability analysis:." Managerial Auditing Journal 10, no. 7 (October 1995): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02686909510090276.

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Drenovac, Aleksandar, and Bratislav Drenovac. "Project profitability analysis." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 66, no. 1 (2018): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg66-6363.

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Erzha, Eria Latifalia, Made Sudarma, and Aulia Fuad Rahman. "The Effect of Loan and Intellectual Capital on Profitability with Credit Risk as Moderating." Jurnal Economia 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/economia.v15i2.23725.

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Abstract: This study aims to examine and empirically prove the moderating effects of credit risk on the relationship between the loan and intellectual capital with profitability. The sample selection technique uses purposive sampling, and data analysis uses moderated regression analysis. The result shows that loan has a positive effect on profitability, intellectual capital has positive effect on profitability, and credit risk moderates the effect of loan and intellectual capital on profitability. Keywords: loan, intellectual capital, credit risk, bank profitability.Pengaruh Pinjaman dan Modal Intelektual Terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Risiko Kredit sebagai PemoderasiAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan membuktikan secara empiris efek moderasi risiko kredit terhadap hubungan pinjaman (loan) dan intellectual capital dengan profitabilitas. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan analisis data menggunakan moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pinjaman berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas, intellectual capital berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas, dan risiko kredit memoderasi pengaruh pinjaman dan intellectual capital terhadap profitabilitas. Kata Kunci: pinjaman, loan, intellectual capital, risiko kredit, profitabilitas bank.
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Inrawan, Ady, Darwin Lie, Debi Eka Putri, and Suci Indah Rukmana. "PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS DAN PERTUMBUHAN ASET TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS YANG BERDAMPAK PADA NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." SULTANIST: Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan 9, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37403/sultanist.v9i2.364.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1. Untuk mengetahui gambaran Likuiditas, Pertumbuhan Aset, Profitabilitas dan Nilai Perusahaan 2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Likuiditas dan Pertumbuhan Aset terhadap Profitabilitas 3. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis linear berganda, analisis linear sederhana koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1. Dari hasil analisis regresi linear berganda diketahui bahwa likuiditas dan pertumbuhan aset berpengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas. 2. Dari hasil analisis regresi linear sederhana diketahui bahwa likuiditas dan pertumbuhan aset berpengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas, profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan. 3. Dari hasil uji koefisien korelasi dan determinasi bahwa terdapat hubungan yang sangat rendah antara likuiditas dan pertumbuhan aset terhadap profitabilitas, terdapat hubungan yang sedang antara profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan. 4. Dari hasil uji F diketahui bahwa likuiditas dan pertumbuhan aset berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. 5. Dari hasil uji t diketahui bahwa likuiditas dan pertumbuhan aset berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. The objectives of this research are: 1. To determine the description of Liquidity, Asset Growth, Profitability and Company Value 2. To determine the effect of Liquidity and Asset Growth to Profitability. 3. To determine the effect of profitability on company value. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive analysis methods and quantitative descriptive analysis. The Objectives this research used oil and gas mining sub sector companies listed on the Indonesia. The data was collection by using the documentation method. The analysis technique used is the multiple linear regression analysis, simple linear regression analysis, the correlation coefficient, the coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing. The results of this research can be concluded as follows: 1. From the results of multiple linear regression analysis, it is known that liquidity and asset growth have a negative effect on profitability. 2. From the results of simple linear regression analysis, it is known that liquidity and asset growth have a negative effect on profitability, profitability has a positive effect on firm value. 5. From the results of the correlation coefficient test and determination that there is a very low relationship between the independent variable liquidity and asset growth on the dependent variable profitability, From the results of the correlation coefficient test, it is known that there is a moderate relationship between profitability and firm value. 7. From the results of the F test, it is known that liquidity and asset growth have no significant effect on profitability. 8. From the results of the t test, it is known that liquidity and asset growth have no significant effect on profitability, and profitability has a significant effect on firm value.
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Nord, G. L. "Analysis indicator of profitability and profitability of industrial enterprises." BULLETIN OF KHARKIV NATION AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER V.V.DOKUCHAYEVA. SERIES "ECONOMIC SCIENCES", no. 2 (2019): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2312-3427-2019-2-339.

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Murtini, Umi, and Aditya Denny O.S. "UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO DAN KECENDERUNGAN PERATAAN LABA." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrak.2012.82.25.

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This study aims to exmine the effect of firm size, profitability, financial leverage, and dividend payout ratio on income smoothing tendency. The grouping of firms with income smoothing and without income smoothing use eckel index. Using binary logistic regression analysis, results shows that firm size and profitabilitas influence on income smoothing tendency. Meanwhile, financial leverage and dividend payout ratio don’t influence on income smoothing tendency. Keywords: income smoothing, profitabilty, size
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Dr. M.Dhanabhakyam, Dr M. Dhanabhakyam, and Swapna Kurain. "Profitability Analysis Of Bharath Sanchar Nigam Limited (Bsnl)." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2012/3.

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Pandya, Dr Hemal, and Chetana Parmar. "Profitability Analysis of Selected Nationalised Banks in India." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 3 (June 15, 2012): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/mar2014/5.

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Anggraini, Diah, DWINITA ARYANI, and Irawan Budi Prasetyo. "Analisis Implementasi Green Banking Dan Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Di Indonesia (2016-2019)." JBMI (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Informatika) 17, no. 2 (October 24, 2020): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26487/jbmi.v17i2.11264.

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Green banking adalah aktivitas operasional perbankan yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan green banking, dan kinerja keuangan terhadap profitabilitas bank di Indonesia periode 2016-2019. Sampel penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan di peroleh 9 bank yang sesuai kriteria. Pengujian data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan green banking berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, kecukupan modal tidak berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, kredit bermasalah tidak berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, efisiensi bank berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, tingkat likuiditas bank tidak berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Green banking is an environmentally friendly banking operational activity. This study analyzes the implementation of green banking and financial performance to profitability of banks in Indonesia period 2016-2019. The research sample used purposive sampling method and obtained 9 banks that match the criteria. Testing data using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that green banking policy had a significant positive effect on profitability, capital adequacy had no significant negative effect on profitability, non-performing loans had no significant negative effect on profitability, bank efficiency had a significant negative effect on profitability, the level of bank liquidity had no significant positive effect on profitability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Analysis profitability"

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Lucha, Christopher Ryan. "Virginia Agritourism: A Profitability Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50498.

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Agritourism in Virginia is a rapidly growing industry that adds additional income to a farming operation, and helps mitigate risk. Therefore it has become a good strategy for farmers to generate higher levels of profit, but much of the literature in Virginia and surrounding states focuses more on the motivations of operators for starting their agritourism venture. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze demographic, operational, and financial factors and evaluate their correlation with higher levels of profit. The first step was to apply key factors in industrial location discussed by Sloagett and Woods (2003) to agritourism in Virginia. Next, a survey was conducted to produce primary source data on Virginia agritourism operators and how these success factors relate to their ventures. Initial findings suggest a very homogenous demographic amongst operators. In addition, there were four other main findings. First, promotion is highly important and there is a need for increased road signage in Virginia. Second, additional income is a large motivator among operators and 76% of operations indicated their business was somewhat profitable. Third, those near the metropolitan areas of Virginia Beach, Roanoke, and Washington, D.C. tended to have the highest perceived profitability. Finally, operators are highly afflicted by obstacles such as road signage, finding qualified employees, and taxation, all of which can be addressed or mitigated by the state government. The final portion of this paper tests the relationship between these factors and profitability of agritourism operations in Virginia. The empirical results reveal that those operators with a motivation for addition income and higher levels of education, with more acreage, with a higher percentage of their gross farm income attributed to agritourism, and those, on average, that have greater money spent per visitor all correlate with higher levels of profit. On the other hand, the following characteristics appear to have a negative effect on agritourism profits: wineries, greater estimated time to the nearest interstate and difficult access to capital. Assuming operators of agritourism venues seek to maximize profits, these findings illustrate to current and future operators how to adjust procedures and improve their business strategies.
Master of Science
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MORENO, MENDAZA JOSEBA. "SOLAR COLLECTORS FOR AIR HEATING : PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16963.

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Solar energy constitutes one of the main alternatives for facing the energy problems of the future, taking into account the foreseeable depletion of the fossil fuels. Transpired solar air collectors are relatively simple alternatives, which do not need a continuous supervision and are mostly maintenance free. Their life cycle is relatively high, around 25 years, and the total investment can be fully recovered in the short-term. The aim of this master’s thesis is to analyze the feasibility of installing transpired solar air collectors as secondary systems in big industrial buildings, for heating purposes. The collectors would be designed for compensating the heat losses of a building which is mainly heated up by a heat pump system. Precisely, this work tries to evaluate the profitability of installing these collectors in Gävle, taking into account the particularities of this location in the considered study. This project work is focused on testing if these systems can provide enough thermal energy for heating up big-sized industrial buildings. For this purpose, firstly, the heat demand of the building for each month was calculated; secondly, the maximum output from the collector was estimated, using WINSUN simulator; and, finally, the energy difference that had to be covered by the main system was calculated. Once this was done, the yearly running cost for the main system and the total investment for the transpired air solar collector were estimated. Due to the lack of experimental data, the obtained results can only be taken as approximations. All the calculations and estimations have been made using WINSUN, a simulator that has been configured according to the particularities of the project. The results show that the solar collector provides a total thermal output of 29.700 kWh/year (system which has a total investment of 77.000 SEK). The total heat demand of the building is estimated to be of 87.100 kWh/year, being 51.800 kWh/year fulfilled by the heat pump system (which has a yearly running cost of 24.000 SEK/year). The collector has an average efficiency of 51,04%.
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Whang, Eunyoung. "Profitability Ratio Analysis for Professional Service Firms." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/104035.

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Business Administration/Accounting
Ph.D.
The DuPont analysis is one of the most commonly used financial analysis tools for traditional businesses. It disaggregates return on equity (ROE) into profit margin (PM), asset turnover (ATO), and leverage (LEV) thereby providing value-relevant information relative to aggregated profitability. In this paper, I extend the use of the DuPont model to the professional service industry. The professional service industry has recently become one of the fastest growing segments driving the U.S. economy (USITC 2009, U.S. Census Bureau of Economic Analysis 2009). Unlike traditional businesses whose key business assets are their physical assets, professional service firms rely on human capital assets that are not recognized in the balance sheet. I introduce a profitability ratio analysis model that focuses on human capital. I validate the model by examining whether the disaggregated profitability ratios for professional service firms add relevant information over aggregated ratio in the same way as they do for traditional businesses. I use law firms as a representative segment of the professional service sector to empirically evaluate my model. I collect financial and human resource data for 81 of the 100 largest U.S. law firms from 2000 to 2007 then disaggregate profit per equity partner (PPP) into the three profitability ratios: profit margin (PM), revenue per lawyer (RPL), and leverage (LEV). I compare the absolute forecasting error (AFE) of the simple AR (1) model that uses only the current year profit per equity partner (PPP) to forecast one-year ahead profit per equity partner (PPP) and my model that uses the three profitability ratio model (PM, RPL, and LEV) of current year to forecast one-year ahead profit per equity partner (PPP). I find that using the disaggregated profitability ratios significantly improves forecasting of future profitability relative to using only profit per equity partner (PPP), analogous to similar results documented for the DuPont model in Fairfield and Yohn (2001) and Soliman (2004). I examine which firm characteristics are associated with the profitability ratios. I include four firm characteristics variables (STRUCTURE, SCOPE-INTL, SCOPE-RGNL, and SCALE) that are commonly used in economic analysis of industrial organizations. I find that the profitability ratios are systematically associated with firm characteristics that reveal information on the business models of individual firms. Leverage (LEV) is higher in law firms with non-equity partners (STRUCTURE), international focus (SCOPE-INTL), regional focus (SCOPE-RGNL), or large size (SCALE). Law firms that are large sized (SCALE) or regional focused (SCOPE-RGNL) command premium fee (high RPL) on average, but law firms with international focus or with non-equity partners do not.
Temple University--Theses
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Costa, Raquel Ferreira dos Santos Duarte. "Exploring profitability diversity through financial statement analysis." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11622.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
The present work intends to serve Financial Statement Analysis courses’ improving students’ learning process, applying real-life examples in assessing and evaluating the ability to use and interpret fundamental data. Common-sized financial statements and other financial ratios for Portuguese and Brazilian companies, operating in three different industries, are provided. Common-sized, used for identifying the industries, allow comparisons between companies that differ in size and whose reports are presented in different currencies. Additional ratios allow a deeper understanding on Return on Equity’s drivers. Case discussion questions include industries’ structure and ROE breakdown analysis, using a variation of the DuPont Model.
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Charneca, Diogo Fernando Aurélio Semião. "Operating profitability in branded pharmaceutical firms." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11612.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This work project focuses in operating profitability of branded pharmaceuticals, measured by return on assets (ROA). It gives insights about key ROA drivers, by breaking down this ratio into gross sales margin, assets turnover and operating risk. Data from consolidated financial statements of 26 US- and European-based firms for the period 2007-2011 is used in univariate and bivariate analyses. Results suggested that firm size and country-membership do not significantly correlate with ROA. However, differences between branded pharmaceuticals’ regions are explored and significant correlations are found between operating profitability and strategic choices variables, namely product portfolio diversification, growth choices and investment.
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Piyasil, Pan. "Risk and Profitability of Photovoltaic Technology in Thailand." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181032.

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Thailand possesses high potential for solar energy, which has been given more attention from both government and the private sector lately. While the major investment in solar energy has gradually shifted from governments to private sectors, this paper aims to compare private investment's net present value (NPV) and production risks of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) projects. The scope of this paper includes PV projects on three different scales: 3 kW, 5 MW and 73 MW installed capacity in 74 locations across Thailand. The study utilizes RETscreen software to estimate means and variability in electricity productions in Thailand. Cost-benefit analysis is the method used to measure projects’ NPV and profitability, while portfolio theory is applied to capture the profit variability or production risk. The analysis also includes 3 feed-in-tariff (FIT or adder) scenarios that are likely to happen in the solar energy policy in Thailand; which are 8 baht/kWh, 6.5 baht/kWh and the case where there is no support at all. The study finds that 3 kW PV projects yield negative NPV, which means investment losses, in all scenarios and locations in the country. On the other hand, 5 MW PV projects result in positive NPV in all scenarios and locations and it is concluded to be the most profitable scale among three. 73 MW PV projects are considered as policy dependenceas the projectsyield negative NPV without the supports. Sensitivity analysis shows that the costs of 3 kW projects have to reduce at least by 60% in order to turn the projects to profits. With respect to allocation of risk, the production risks of 73 MW projects are slightly higher compared to the other two scales. Also, it is shown that the technologies located in north of Thailand have higher production risks, but yield approximately the same expected net benefits as technologies located in the rest of the country. As for conclusions, the future of PV technology in Thailand is still bright, but the investors should intensely consider about scale and location of the implementation. Further researches can examine other scales of PV technology and the drives behind the risk characteristics in Thailand.
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Young, Darin Clifton. "Profitability Analysis of Forage Based Beef Systems in Appalachia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33187.

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The largest agricultural enterprise in the Appalachia region of Virginia is livestock production, particularly beef cow calf operations. However; topography and land holding patterns have resulted in a majority of small farms operating part time on less than 150 acres. These farms, while abundant, are not necessarily profitable. Management intensive grazing has been suggested as an alternative to traditional production practices to increase profitability. A profitability analysis was conducted by comparing a traditional style of cow-calf management where hay was produced on farm with a full machinery complement to a management intensive grazing farm where forages are stockpiled and all hay was purchased on farm, requiring minimal machinery investment. Four farms were simulated using Finpack Farm Management software by utilizing production data from the Virginia Tech Shenandoah Valley Agriculture Research and Extension Center and secondary financial data. The first two farms were listed as having a traditional style of management with hay production and two different stocking rates, 1.75 acres per cow-calf unit and 2.25 acres per cow-calf unit, respectively. Farm 3 and Farm 4 were simulated utilizing management intensive grazing and the two socking rates. It was found that while none of the farms actually show a profit the management intensive farms did outperform the traditional style farms. Farm 3 with the 1.75 acre per cow-calf unit stocking rate was the best performing farm financially. With these findings, beef cow producers will be able to make better management decisions and explore more profitable alternatives.
Master of Science
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Hines, Christopher A. "Profitability drivers of farmer cooperatives: a Dupont model analysis." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17561.

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Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Brian Briggeman
“Skyscrapers of the plains” is a term which refers to the country elevators spread throughout Kansas and the Midwest, along with the elevators are farmer cooperatives. Farmer cooperatives have been around for more than a century to serve the area farmers as a place to store and market their grain and to purchase their farm inputs. The objective of this research is to identify key profitability drivers of farmer cooperatives of different sizes throughout time. This will be done by using a unique data set gathered from the CoBank’s RiskAnalysis database and examining it with the DuPont model. The project breaks down the data by size, large vs. small, and location. If a cooperative has done more than 100 million dollars in sales in 2010, it was classified as large for the entire time period, all other cooperatives were small. Location was either Kansas or Midwest. In this model, operating profit margin or earns, asset turnover ratio or turns, debt-to-equity ratio or leverage, and spread are examined. Also examined are Return on Assets, the operating performance, and Return on Equity, the financial performance, of the cooperative. Board of Directors and cooperative managers will be able to take this information and hopefully make decisions which make their respective cooperatives more profitable. With the information provided, cooperative managers and Board of Directors will be able to financially compare themselves versus other cooperatives of similar size whether they are in Kansas or in other Midwestern states.
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Andersson, Krohn Robert. "Biomethane via Woodroll® - Investigation of Revenues & Profitability Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206383.

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Woodroll® is a gasification technology developed by Cortus that produces synthetic gas (syngas) from biomass. Syngas can be used in several different applications. One interesting option is to convert it further into biomethane, which can be used as automotive fuel or replace natural gas in gas grids. The revenues and profitability of biomethane production is heavily dependent on policy instruments and support schemes. These subsidies can be either direct, where the producer receives a feed-in tariff for biomethane production, or indirect, where consumption rather than production is stimulated. This work has investigated which revenues that can be expected from biomethane production via Woodrooll® in Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, the UK, France and Italy, both in terms of amounts and risks. A profitability analysis have also been carried out to preliminary compare the returns in the different countries, where two different scenarios for different revenues have been analyzed for two different feedstock prices. The results showed that the Netherlands and Italy provides the potentially highest revenues. However, there are uncertainty factors associated with all cases. Sweden and Germany offers indirect support and negative market trends. The Netherlands and the UK are the only options that provide a feed-in tariff for biomethane production via gasification. In the Netherlands the tariff can be secured before making investment decision but is only disbursed for 12 years. The UK offers a fixed feed-in tariff for 20 years but the tariff is secured first after plant start-up and the tariff may be reduced on a quarterly basis. In fact, the tariff has been reduced with 40 % over the last 24 months, but there are discussions on introducing a separate tariff for gasification. Italy has the support schemes that potentially offer the highest revenues, but gasification is currently not eligible for support. The latter also holds for France, which may be an interesting case in the future. If risk is to be minimized, Cortus may either focus on the Netherlands or await the discussions in the UK and France on introducing a gasification tariff. The work on standardization of biomethane use should also be followed since Italy offers the potentially highest return of the investigated countries. It is also recommended to look further for other cases. The best-case scenario for the risk averse is the one that provides a fixed tariff for 20 years and in which the tariff can be secured before an investment decision is taken.
Woodroll® är en förgasningateknik som utvecklats av Cortus som producerar syntesgas (syngas) från biomassa. Det finns en rad olika användningsområden för gasen. Ett intressant sådant är att omvandla den till biometan, vilket kan användas som drivmedel eller ersätta naturgas i gasnät. Dock så är intäktern och lönsamheten starkt beroende av stödsystem. Dessa subventioner kan antingen vara i form av en inmatningstariff, där biometanproducenten får en fast peng för biometanproduktion, eller i form av indirekt stöd där konsumtion snarare än produktion stimuleras. I detta arbete har det utretts vilka intäkter som kan förväntas för biometan-produktion genom Woodroll® i Sverige, Nederländerna, Tyskland, Storbritanninen, Frankrike och Italien, både i termer av belopp och risk. En lönsamhetsanalys har också gjorts för att preliminärt jämföra avkastningen för de olika länderna. Två olika scenarier för olika intäkter har analyserats för två olika råvarupriser. Resultatet visade att samtliga länder kan erbjuda attraktiv avkastning. Dock är samtliga fall förknippade med osäkerhetsfaktorer. Sverige och Tyskland erbjuder indirekt stöd och negativa marknadstrender. Nederländerna och Storbritannien är de enda alternativen som ger en feed-in-tariff för biometanproduktion. I Nederländerna kan tariffen säkras innan investeringsbeslut fattats men betalas endast i 12 år. Storbritannien ger en fast tariff i 20 år men kan justeras kvarstalsvis och nivån säkras först efter uppstart av anläggningen. Tariffen har reducerats med 40 % de senaste 24 månaderna, men det pågår diskussioner om att introducera en särskild tariff för förgasning. Italien erbjuder stödsystemet som ger högst potentiella intäkter men biometan från förgasning är inte berättigat för stödet. Det senare gäller också för Frankrike som kan bli ett intressant fall i framtiden. Om det önskas att minimera risken så bör Cortus fokusera antingen på Nederländerna eller invänta diskussionerna om förgasningstariffen i Storbritannien och Frankrike. Arbetet kring standardisering av biometan-användning bör också följas eftersom Italien erbjuder de potentiellt högsta intäkterna. Det rekommenderas också att Cortus tittar vidare på andra alternativ. Det bästa fallet för den risk-aversiva är fallet som ger en fast tariff i 20 år och där stödet kan säkras innan investeringsbeslut fattas.
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Nguyen, James. "An Empirical Analysis of Commercial Bank Profitability in Financially Liberalized Markets." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1048.

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Chapter 1 of the dissertation investigates the determinants of bank interest margin (NIM) and noninterest income (NII) using a system estimation approach for all commercial banks in a group of 28 financially liberalized countries during the period between 1997 and 2004. The empirical results generally suggest that NIM is directly influenced by operating costs, risk aversion, credit risk, the interaction between interest rate risk and bank risk, bank size, volume of credit, and NII. NIM is negatively related to interest rate risk and capital adequacy. NII is found to correlate positively with NIM, total assets, credit risk, liquidity risk, overhead expenses, and pre-tax profit. The study also finds that NII is inversely related to the level of bank deposits and interest rate risk. The influence of bank concentration on NIM and NII is positive, but generally insignificant. Chapter 2 analyzes the factors that influence two popular bank performance measures: return on equity (ROE) and pre-tax operating income (PTOIAA). Another objective is to test whether the Structure-Conduct-Performance hypothesis holds in a period when banks are increasingly relying on profits from nontraditional activities. Overall, the study finds that both ROE and PTOIAA are positively related to capital adequacy and non-interest income. PTOIAA is directly influenced by non-interest expenses and credit risk. Bank size does not appear to have an impact on ROE and PTOIAA. NII is an increasing function of both ROE and PTOIAA. There appears to be a net gain in overall bank performance associated with banks' increasing involvement in nontraditional activities. Finally, bank market share has no significant impact on ROE or PTOIAA.
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Books on the topic "Analysis profitability"

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Senju, Shizuo. Profitability analysis: Japanese approach. Edited by Fushimi Tamio 1928-, Fujita Seiichi 1945-, and Knight John E. Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, 1989.

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Shaw, E. R. Bank branch profitability analysis. Bangor: Institute of European Finance, University College of North Wales, 1986.

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Sisfontes-Monge, Marco. Controlling-profitability analysis with SAP. 2nd ed. Bonn: Galileo Press, 2012.

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1948-, Kay J. A., and Mayer C. P, eds. The economic analysis of accounting profitability. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.

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Edwards, J. S. S. The economic analysis of accounting profitability. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.

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Harris, Michael. Profitability and systematic trading. New York, NY: Tradingpatterns.com, 2005.

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Harris, Michael. Profitability and systematic trading: A quantitative approach to profitability, risk, and money management. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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Howard, Andrew F. An analysis of sawmill profitability in the interior of B.C. Vancouver: Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit, University of British Columbia, 1988.

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1944-, Bonsor N. C., and Ontario Economic Council, eds. The Ontario pulp and paper industry: A regional profitability analysis. Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1985.

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Dodson, Charles B. Profitability of farm businesses: A regional, farm type, and size analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Analysis profitability"

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Jain, P. K., Shveta Singh, and Surendra Singh Yadav. "Profitability Analysis." In Financial Management Practices, 319–74. India: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0990-4_9.

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De Luca, Pasquale. "Company Profitability Analysis." In Analytical Corporate Valuation, 43–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93551-5_2.

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De Luca, Pasquale. "Product Profitability Analysis." In Analytical Corporate Valuation, 77–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93551-5_3.

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Giessmann, Andreas. "Investment Profitability Analysis." In Coating Substrates and Textiles, 217–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29160-9_9.

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Walters, David, and Deborah Helman. "Profitability: Interpretations and Considerations." In Strategic Capability Response Analysis, 99–139. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22944-3_5.

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Rutkowska-Ziarko, Anna. "Profitability Ratios in Risk Analysis." In Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Finance, 77–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43078-8_7.

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Oldcorn, Roger. "Accounts Analysis (1) — Growth and Profitability." In Company Accounts, 89–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20131-0_9.

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Garrett, Donald E. "Profitability Analysis; Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)." In Chemical Engineering Economics, 81–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6544-0_6.

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Oldcorn, Roger. "Accounts Analysis (1) — Growth and Profitability." In Company Accounts, 85–96. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14092-3_8.

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Wright, David. "Profitability Analysis for Emerging Solar Technologies." In Solarnomics, 225–37. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262435-19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Analysis profitability"

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Iheobi, Christopher, Babalola Daramola, Chidubem Martins Alinnor, and Ikechukwu Stanley Okafor. "Marginal Petroleum Field Profitability Analysis." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203663-ms.

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Gruber, Horst, and Christian Huemer. "Profitability Analysis of Workflow Management Systems." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing (CEC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.34.

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"Commercial Bank Profitability Analysis: Evidence from Croatia." In March 20-21, 2017 London. URUAE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae.ed0317008.

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Gatti, Ilaria Cristina, Christian Mondini, Alessandro Perego, and Angela Tumino. "Wireless Retail Stores: Solutions and Profitability Analysis." In 2010 Ninth International Conference on Mobile Business and 2010 Ninth Global Mobility Roundtable (ICMB-GMR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmb-gmr.2010.55.

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Lin, Hung-Tso, and Yin-Chi Huang. "Profitability analysis using data envelopment analysis-discriminant analysis: An empirical study." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2011.6117867.

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Balikuddembe, Joseph K., Isaac O. Osunmakinde, and Anet E. Potgieter. "Software Project Profitability Analysis Using Temporal Probabilistic Reasoning." In Its Applications (ASEA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asea.2008.41.

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Shen, Yunyu, Ye Huang, and Zhao Li. "Feasibility and Profitability Analysis of Debris Removal Industry." In First International Conference Economic and Business Management 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-16.2016.62.

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Zhao, Yinghong, and Danmeng Gao. "Comprehensive Analysis of Profitability of Modern Logistics Enterprise." In International Conference on Logistics Engineering, Management and Computer Science (LEMCS 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/lemcs-14.2014.110.

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Branten, Maret, and Jaan Alver. "Profitability Measurement and Analysis in Estonian Business Practice." In 5th International Conference on Accounting, Auditing, and Taxation (ICAAT 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaat-16.2016.2.

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Roky, Reza, Malcolm Abbott, Omar Bashar, Azmat Ullah, and Fahad Algarni. "Computational evaluation of profitability: A case of Australian banks." In 2020 Seventh International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336552.

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Reports on the topic "Analysis profitability"

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Hughes, Thomas C. The Profitability of a Birthing Center a Cost Finding Analysis of a Not-for-Profit Hospital. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada372222.

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McGill, Karis, and Eleanor Turner. Return on Investment Analysis of Private Sector Facilitation Funds for Rwandan Agribusinesses. RTI Press, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0042.2008.

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This study analyzes the return on investment for an agribusiness facilitation fund implemented in Rwanda. Combining project monitoring data with supplementary surveys and interviews of recipient agribusinesses, we find a positive return on investment in terms of farmer income generated per dollar spent by the US government. To determine the commercial viability of the investments, we estimate the payback period and find the median time it will take a firm to recoup the entire investment through profits is 3.7 years. We estimate the net present value of the entire fund portfolio to be $12.5 million. These estimates rely on conservative assumptions and likely underrepresent the profitability of the investments. Given the positive returns and commercial viability of the agribusinesses, we examine the fund’s role as a first step to “graduate” firms toward investment readiness. Although three firms did access equity investment, we find that the majority of the businesses in the portfolio do not meet investor requirements for deal size and management capacity and are more appropriately financed by commercial lenders. We conclude with recommendations for the implementation and measurement of similar funds.
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Gachot, Sebastien, Carmine Paolo De Salvo, and Gonzalo Rondinone. Analysis of Agricultural Policies in Jamaica (2015-2019). Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003901.

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The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in Jamaicas economic development by contributing to employment (15.93% of the active population in 2019; higher than the regional average) and exports (18% of total exports in 2019). This monograph offers an update of the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) methodology applied to Jamaica for the period 2015-2019 and documents the evolution of agricultural policies-related GHG emissions over the same period. Between 2015 and 2019, the market price support remained, by far, the main PSE component in Jamaica, heavily concentrated in the poultry subsector, followed by sugar. The positive trend in non-distorting General Service Support Estimate (GSSE) observed between 2012 and 2014 came to a halt. %GSSE even slightly decreased between 2015 and 2019, making Jamaica lag even further behind other countries. Concerning the GHG emissions, the picture has not changed significantly either. The poultry and sugar subsectors remained those that received most policy support and those that emitted the most. Several policy recommendations arise from this report, such as a shift away from an over-reliance of policy support on MPS and an increased focus on less-distortive forms of support, such as GSSE. Additional R&D investments, physical infrastructures, climate risk management systems would help address some of the agricultural sectors most pressing productivity and profitability issues. Lastly, it is advisable to diversify and rebalance the support provided by agricultural policies across subsectors to better align agricultural policy goals with GHG emissions reduction objective.
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Ward, Colin, and Wolfgang Heidug. Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage Potential Outside North America: An Economic Assessment. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2018-dp27.

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Storing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in oil reservoirs as part of CO2 -based enhanced oil recovery (CO2 -EOR) can be a cost-effective solution to reduce emissions into the atmosphere. In this paper, we analyze the economics of this option in order to estimate the amount of CO2 that could be profitably stored in different regions of the world. We consider situations in which the CO2 -EOR operator either purchases the CO2 supplied or is paid for its storage. Building upon extensive data sets concerning the characteristics and location of oil reservoirs and emission sources, the paper focuses on opportunities outside North America. Using net present value (NPV) as an indicator for profitability, we conduct a break-even analysis to relate CO2 supply prices (positive or negative) to economically viable storage potential.
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Hong, Harrison, Terence Lim, and Jeremy Stein. Bad News Travels Slowly: Size, Analyst Coverage and the Profitability of Momentum Strategies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6553.

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Raghothama, Kashchandra G., Avner Silber, and Avraham Levy. Biotechnology approaches to enhance phosphorus acquisition of tomato plants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586546.bard.

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Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the least available macronutrient in the soil. The high affinity phosphate transporters are known to be associated with phosphate acquisition under natural conditions. Due to unique interactions of phosphate with soil particles, up to 80% of the applied phosphates may be fixed forcing the farmers to apply 4 to 5 times the fertilizers necessary for crop production. Efficient uptake and utilization of this essential nutrient is essential for sustainability and profitability of agriculture. Many predictions point to utilization/exhaustion of high quality phosphate rocks within this century. This calls for efforts to improve the ability of plants to acquire and utilize limiting sources of phosphate in the rhizosphere. Two important molecular and biochemical components associated with phosphate efficiency are phosphate transporters and phosphatases. This research project is aimed at defining molecular determinants of phosphate acquisition and utilization in addition to generating phosphate uptake efficient plants. The main objectives of the project were; Creation and analysis of transgenic tomato plants over-expressing phosphatases and transporters Characterization of the recently identified members (LePT3 and LePT4) of the Pi transporter family Generate molecular tools to study genetic responses of plants to Pi deficiency During the project period we have successfully identified and characterized a novel phosphate transporter associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis. The expression of this transporter increases with mycorrhizal symbiosis. A thorough characterization of mutant tomato lacking the expression of this gene revealed the biological significance of LePT3 and another novel gene LePT4. In addition we have isolated and characterized several phosphate starvation induced genes from tomato using a combination of differential and subtractive mRNA hybridization techniques. One of the genes, LePS2 belongs to the family of phospho-protein phosphatase. The functionality of the recombinant protein was determined using synthetic phosphor-peptides. Over expression of this gene in tomato resulted in significant changes in growth, delay in flowering and senescence. It is anticipated that phospho-protein phosphatase may have regulatory role in phosphate deficiency responses of plants. In addition a novel phosphate starvation induced glycerol 3-phosphate permease gene family was also characterized. Two doctoral research students are continuing the characterization and functional analysis of these genes. Over expression of high affinity phosphate transporters in tobacco showed increased phosphate content under hydroponic conditions. There is growing evidence suggesting that high affinity phosphate transporters are crucial for phosphate acquisition even under phosphate sufficiency conditions. This project has helped train several postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. Further analysis of transgenic plants expressing phosphatases and transporters will not only reveal the biological function of the targeted genes but also result in phosphate uptake and utilization efficient plants.
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Nobre, Carlos, Julia Arieira, and Nathália Nascimento. Amazonian Forest: The Products of Agroecological Systems: Considerations about the Natural Forest and Economic Exploitation for its Conservation and How to Develop Sustainable Agroforestry Systems that Induce the Reduction of Deforestation. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003693.

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This study demonstrates that the economic activity of the Amazon's natural forest has great potential yet to be developed when considering Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and those coming from agro-ecosystems (SAFs). Preliminary financial analyzes, in systems that are still incipient, point to a great potential for profitability of these alternative systems compared to traditional activities such as soybean and livestock farming, with the advantage of being conducted without degradation and deforestation, allowing the continuation with the support of the Amazonian ecological system. More research is needed to scale successful cases and more “dialogue” between the models of modern agriculture and the traditional knowledge to reach an integrated natural forest management system.
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Kislev, Yoav, Ramon Lopez, and Ayal Kimhi. Intergenerational Transfers by Farmers under Different Institutional Environments. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604936.bard.

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This research studies the issues of intergenerational transfers in general and farm succession in particular in two different institutional environments. One is the relatively unregulated farm sector in the United States, and the other is the heavily regulated family farms in Israeli moshavim. Most of the analysis is based on modern economic theory dealing with inheritance and other intergenerational issues. However, we start with two background studies. One is a review of the legal system affecting farm succession in the moshav, which, as we claim throughout the report, is of major importance to the question in hand. The second is an ethnographical study aimed at documenting various inheritance and succession practices in different moshavim. These two studies provide insight for most of the economic studies included here. The theoretical studies mostly deal with various aspects of two major decisions faced by farmers: who will succeed them on the farm, and when will succession take place. The first decision clearly depends on the institutional structure: for instance, Israeli farmers are limited to one successor while American farmers are not. The second decision can be taken in three stages: sharing farm work with the successor, sharing farm management, and eventually transferring the ownership. The occurrence and length of each stage depend on the first decision as well as on the institutional structure directly. The empirical studies are aimed at analyzing the practices and considerations of Israeli and American farmers regarding various intergenerational transfers-related issues. We found that American farmers' decisions are mainly driven by the desire to let the farm prosper in future generations and by a preference for equal treatment of heirs, and not at all by old-age support considerations. In contrast, we demonstrate the significant effect of old-age support on the value of the transferred farm in a sample of Israeli farms. Using Israeli census data, we find that the time of farm ownership transfer responds to economic incentives. A smaller Israeli panel data set shows that controlling for the occurrence of succession, farm size rises with operator's age and eventually falls, while intensity of production seems to decline steadily. This explains another finding, that farm transfer contributed significantly to farm growth when farming was attractive to successors. This finding supports our main conclusion, that the succession decisions are of major importance to the viability and profitability of family farms over the long run.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.

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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor
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