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Sil, Rudra. "Analytic eclecticism—continuing the conversation." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 3 (September 2020): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020962814.
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In this response to the contributions in this symposium, I approach the above articles not as wholesale critiques requiring point-by-point rebuttal but as constructive engagements that require clarification or invite further reflection as part of an ongoing conversation. In some instances, I revisit and elaborate upon the main motivations and assumptions that Peter Katzenstein and I had in mind as we sought to lay out the significance of analytic eclecticism for different audiences. At other times, I take it upon myself to consider aspects of our approach that might be updated or reframed in light of concerns raised by some of the authors. I specifically address four issues that have been raised: the core logic of analytic eclecticism and its operationalization with respect to once-dominant paradigms in International Relations; the link between complexity, causality, and constitutive logics; the status of metatheory and the links between eclecticism and pragmatism; and the relationship between scholarly debates and “real-world” issues of policy and ethics. Whether the response is satisfactory or not, it is worth bearing in mind that, for Peter Katzenstein and myself, analytic eclecticism was always meant to be more of an ethos than a method or manifesto; that ethos long predates our published work and is evident in the thoughtful contributions that constitute this symposium.
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Peet, Jessica. "Eclecticism or exclusivity? The (critical) pragmatist ethos of (intersectional) analytic eclecticism." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 3 (September 2020): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020954552.
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Eclecticism in International Relations (IR) claims to reject the rigid boundaries set by various theoretical traditions, yet, in practice, it falls short of moving the field “beyond paradigms” and tends to produce analytical exclusivity rather than eclecticism. This exclusivity is the result of Sil and Katzenstein’s investment in tenets of American pragmatism. These tenets favor consensus and universalism, leading to the reproduction and exclusivity of the theoretical status quo. Dissolving paradigmatic boundaries requires a more critical form of pragmatism. Drawing on the common origins of feminism and pragmatism paired with the contemporary feminist concept of intersectionality, this essay proposes a critical pragmatist ethos and an intersectional analytic eclecticism. This can produce a more inclusive form of analytic eclecticism and render visible the power dynamics that shape experiences as well as academic scholarship. Only when analytic eclecticism is informed by intersectionality and a critical pragmatism might it actually move IR “beyond paradigms.”
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Chernoff, Fred. "Pragmatism, pluralism, and eclecticism: Sil and Katzenstein’s “Analytic eclecticism” in Beyond Paradigms." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 3 (September 2020): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020961360.
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This paper seeks to show ways in which analytic eclecticism can be strengthened to encourage hybrid theorizing capable of yielding more practically useful principles for foreign policy decision-makers. The paper also seeks to show that some of the advantages of analytic eclecticism are overstated, notably the ability to sidestep difficult questions in the philosophy of social science. Nevertheless, with a proper deepening of their discussion of pragmatism, the core of the practical consequences of analytic eclecticism can be advanced with greater force and with a strengthened methodological rationale.
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Chernoff, Fred, Jérémie Cornut, and Patrick James. "Analytic eclecticism and International Relations: Promises and pitfalls." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 3 (September 2020): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020959250.
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Some scholars in International Relations and comparative politics continue to debate how to obtain the strongest explanatory theory whereas others hold that each approach should be treated as its own area of research. Both of these groups tend to agree that factors from across paradigms cannot be coherently combined with each other. On the contrary, Sil and Katzenstein have argued for analytic eclecticism in scholarship, which would not treat research traditions or paradigms as strict limitations on theory construction. Inspired by pragmatism, they have made a compelling case that considerations of usefulness and knowledge cumulation are more important than paradigmatic fidelity. This forum examines analytic eclecticism from the points of view of neo-empiricism, feminism, and interpretive constructivism, followed by a reply by Sil. A decade has passed since the publication of Sil and Katzenstein’s Beyond Paradigms, so it seems appropriate to reflect upon the strengths and weaknesses of analytic eclecticism.
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Blanchard, Eric M. "Combing the same beach: Analytic eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 3 (September 2020): 404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123.
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Sil and Katzenstein present analytic eclecticism as a pragmatic, problem-driven, policy-oriented heuristic, posed against the paradigmatism and parsimony inhibiting the study of world politics. I argue that Sil and Katzenstein’s approach is both promising (in that it is one of the more flexible available frameworks to bring separate research traditions into fruitful dialogue) and potentially problematic (if it limits itself to the triad of realism, liberalism, and constructivism). Informed by a recent methodological turn in post-positivist International Relations (IR) and Political Science, this essay takes seriously eclecticism’s commitment to theoretical multilingualism by imagining an eclectic engagement beyond the heuristic’s original purview and calling for eclectic attention to reflexivity, constitutive theorizing, and the dynamics of power and ethics. The article reflects on existing disciplinary power dynamics and disparities and the urgent demand for scholars to more fully contribute to developing effective approaches to real-world threats, such as climate change.
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Pohl, Benjamin, and Niels van Willigen. "Analytic Eclecticism and EU Foreign Policy (In)action." Global Society 29, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1029443.
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Sil, Rudra, and Peter J. Katzenstein. "Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics: Reconfiguring Problems and Mechanisms across Research Traditions." Perspectives on Politics 8, no. 2 (June 2010): 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592710001179.
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This article defines, operationalizes, and illustrates the value ofanalytic eclecticismin the social sciences, with a focus on the fields of comparative politics and international relations. Analytic eclecticism is not an alternative model of research or a means to displace or subsume existing modes of scholarship. It is an intellectual stance that supports efforts to complement, engage, and selectively utilize theoretical constructs embedded in contending research traditions to build complex arguments that bear on substantive problems of interest to both scholars and practitioners. Eclectic scholarship is marked by three general features. First, it is consistent with an ethos of pragmatism in seeking engagement with the world of policy and practice, downplaying unresolvable metaphysical divides and presumptions of incommensurability and encouraging a conception of inquiry marked by practical engagement, inclusive dialogue, and a spirit of fallibilism. Second, it formulates problems that are wider in scope than the more narrowly delimited problems posed by adherents of research traditions; as such, eclectic inquiry takes on problems that more closely approximate the messiness and complexity of concrete dilemmas facing “real world” actors. Third, in exploring these problems, eclectic approaches offer complex causal stories that extricate, translate, and selectively recombine analytic components—most notably, causal mechanisms—from explanatory theories, models, and narratives embedded in competing research traditions. The article includes a brief sampling of studies that illustrate the combinatorial potential of analytic eclecticism as an intellectual exercise as well as its value in enhancing the possibilities of fruitful dialogue and pragmatic engagement within and beyond the academe.
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Nicholls, Seth. "Beyond Paradigms: Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics." Australian Journal of International Affairs 66, no. 1 (February 2012): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2012.642720.
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Cornut, Jérémie. "Analytic Eclecticism in Practice: A Method for Combining International Relations Theories." International Studies Perspectives 16, no. 1 (May 9, 2014): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/insp.12072.
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Shen, Chenxi. "Why Can the Frail Status Quo in the Taiwan Strait be Preserved? Analyzing the Econ-political Synergy among China, Taiwan, and United States." Modern Economics & Management Forum 3, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v3i6.1103.
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This paper uses analytic eclecticism to answer why the fragile status quo in the Taiwan Strait remains resilient. After pragmatically framing the research question, this research chooses three symbolic scenes in the Taiwan Strait: (1) Beijing’s economic statecraft towards Taiwan; (2) Taiwan’s soft power in finding the leeway out of its international dilemma; (3) The Sino-America competition over the narration in the cross-Strait relations. As a practice of eclecticism where the analytical framework is constructed based on each major school of international relations theories, this paper combines cases and theoretical tools to draw the whole picture of Taiwan issues. Ultimately, this research reached empirical and theoretical conclusions, calling for an innovative international relations theory that observes political phenomena conceptually and practically.
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James, Patrick. "Systemist International Relations." International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 4 (November 22, 2019): 781–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz086.
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Abstract Systemist international relations (SIR) is put forward as a potential solution to short- and long-term problems faced by the discipline of international relations (IR). SIR responds to the immediate difficulties that stem from an impasse between advocates of analytic eclecticism and skeptics who prefer paradigmatic research. The more sustained challenges posed by the size and complexity of IR also can be met through implementation of SIR, which entails a graphic turn. Along those lines, the Visual International Relations Project (VIRP) is creating an archive of one-page graphic summaries for cause and effect as conveyed in respective publications. The VIRP aims toward an improved state of communication in the field based on such visual representations.
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Thornton, Brendan Jamal. "Refiguring Christianity and Black Atlantic Religion: Representation, Essentialism, and Christian Variation in the Southern Caribbean." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 89, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfab023.
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Abstract This article considers the analytic categories scholars use to conceptualize religious difference in the Caribbean and addresses the relatively sparse theorizing of Christianity in the study of so-called syncretic or creole religions of the African diaspora. I take the Spiritual Baptists of Trinidad and Tobago as a case study to shed light on the significant divergences between vernacular definitions of Christianity and those designations scholars use to parse and make sense of Afro-Creole diversity. I am especially interested in what is at stake analytically. Spiritual Baptists challenge conventional articulations of Christian orthodoxy and Black Atlantic religiosity by reconciling a “fundamentalist” Christian identity with an especially fluid cosmopolitan eclecticism. Drawing on comprehensive ethnographic research, I show how the unique permutations of creole variation within Spiritual Baptist faith unsettle deterministic equations of race and religion and contest the often manufactured oppositions between Christianity and African religion.
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Segalla, Rosemary. "La terapia di coppia: un'influenza dall'ottica intersoggettiva." INTERAZIONI, no. 2 (December 2009): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/int2008-002003.
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- The author redefines the analytic style adopted in couples therapy and in group therapy in light of self psychology, intersubjectivity perspective, relational psychoanalysis, neuropsychology, attachment theory, motivational systems theory and of social constructivism. With this synthesis emerges a theoretical eclecticism which is coherent and finally free from the obligation of adhering to a unique point of view. This allows maximum freedom to the therapist. In Segalla's work, the couple appears to be a therapeutic challenge more difficult and with greater risks compared to more traditional couple settings. In the face of the greater complexity and unpredictability of multiple settings (in our case the trio constituted by the couple and the therapist) the author suggests, also by a clinical example, the use, besides that of the analyst and his/her own history, of theoretical grids more articulated, less one-sided, and more adapted to comprehend the therapeutic contexts of the couple.
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Paramasatya, Satwika, and Sigit Wiranto. "Konfrontasi Amerika Serikat dan Iran dalam Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 12, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v12i2.14047.
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Iran Nuclear Agreement or Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)was the result of diplomatic negotiations achieved by the United States,United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, Germany, and Iran in 2015. Thenewly elected president of the United States Donald Trump brought newpolicies to the Iran’s nuclear issue. On May 8, 2018 The US governmentunilaterally withdraw themselves from the JCPOA agreement anddecided to reimpose the sanctions for Iran. This research tries to analyzewhy the US changed its policy to withdraw from the nuclear agreement byusing analytic eclecticism, with the combination of the security dilemmaand cognitive consistency theory. The result of this research shows thatthe US’ withdrawal from JCPOA psychologically caused by Trump’scognitive consistency. He thought that Iran’s nuclear agreement is a badand unreliable agreement because under this nuclear agreement, US andits allies still feel the security dilemma. Therefore, it pushed Trump toincrease the pressure to Iran by withdrawing themselves from the nuclearagreement.
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Secundant, Sergii. "Wolf and eclecticism: from the concept of an open system to systematic intelligence." Sententiae 40, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/sent40.02.006.
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The paper (1) provides a comparative analysis of the programs of reforms of philosophy developed by Christian Wolff and the members of the Eclecticist school; (2) it reveals the critical foundations of the concepts of the system by both schools and (3) assesses the prospects of their further development. Although Wolff is often inconsistent, nevertheless, he is largely closer to Descartes and Leibniz, and therefore to the Platonic tradition. The Eclecticists, on the other hand, are closer to the Peripatetic tradition, and therefore to empiricism. From the point of view of the history of philosophical methodology, Wolff’s program combines Cartesianism and the German tradition of methodical thinking (J. Jung, E. Weigel and Leibniz), which both were oriented towards mathematics. The Eclecticists, on the other hand, used the dialectical model, which they modernized by introducing the principle of historicism and applying it to the history of philosophy. When the program of the Eclecticists was guided by the critical selection of knowledge by members of the “scientific community” and the concept of an open system, Wolff’s synthesis of knowledge is carried out on the basis of a rigorous method. He puts forward a fundamentally new idea of a universal system based on new normative requirements for the system-forming principle, namely, it must be fundamental, generally valid and immanent in the system of knowledge. Wolff does not reject the critical program of the Eclecticists. In debates with them, he tries to prove that the successful implementation of their program is possible only if there is a basic system of truths and a reliable method. In his treatise On the Difference Between Systematic and Non-systematic Intellect, Wolff laid the foundation of “systematic eclecticism” and “speculative criticism”, which was substantiated in the works by “classics of German idealism”, primarily by C. L. Reinhold and Hegel.
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Bourgeois, Jano. "Beyond Paradigms: Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics, de Rudra Sil et Peter J. Katzenstein, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, 263 p." Politique et Sociétés 33, no. 1 (2014): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025591ar.
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Bennett, Andrew. "The mother of all isms: Causal mechanisms and structured pluralism in International Relations theory." European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 3 (September 2013): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066113495484.
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Theorizing under the rubric of paradigmatic ‘isms’ has made important conceptual contributions to International Relations, but the organization of the subfield around these isms is based on flawed readings of the philosophy of science and has run its course. A promising alternative is to build on the philosophical foundation of scientific realism and orient International Relations theorizing around the idea of explanation via reference to hypothesized causal mechanisms. Yet in order to transform the practice of International Relations theorizing and research, calls for ‘analytic eclecticism’ must not only demonstrate that scientific realism is a defensible epistemology amenable to diverse methods; they must provide a structured and memorable framework for diverse and cumulative theorizing and research, field-wide discourse, and compelling pedagogy. I Introduce a ‘taxonomy of theories about causal mechanisms’ as a structured pluralist framework for encompassing the theories about mechanisms of power, institutions, and legitimacy that have been providing the explanatory content of the isms all along. This framework encourages middle-range or typological theorizing about combinations of causal mechanisms and their operation in recurrent contexts, and it offers a means of reinvigorating the dialogue between International Relations, the other subfields of political science, and the rest of the social sciences.
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Birinci, Ebru, Ali Emre Sucu, and Ivan Alekseevich Safranchuk. "The Role of non-Western Countries in the Construction of Russian Great Powerness: The Cases of Turkey and Israel." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-3-517-528.
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This article contributes to the study of Russian great powerness, focusing on the potential of the Russian-Turkish and Russian-Israeli relations to influence the construction of Russias great power status in a multipolar world. Based upon Russian and English literature dedicated to the study of great power concept and Russian great powerness, authors adopt analytic eclecticism for the theoretical framework of the study. In this regard, for a comprehensive understanding of Russian great powerness, both constructivism with its focus on identity, and neorealism stressing national interests, security, and power, are applied. The authors actively employ the official documents, international agreements, statements of government officials, and official declarations. As a result, the study examines to what extent bilateral relations with Turkey and Israel, the Wests traditional non-Western allies, can contribute to the construction of Russian great power identity. For this purpose, first of all, the factors of Russian great power construction and its role in Russian foreign policy are examined. After addressing the efficiency of great power status as a foreign policy tool, the development of Russian-Turkish and Russian-Israeli relations are discussed. It is concluded that Russia has developed strategically significant relations with Turkey and Israel despite the deteriorated relations with the West, and the development of these relations has supported the consolidation of Russias great power status at the international and regional levels. Furthermore, the study suggests that Russian-Turkish and Russian-Israeli bilateral relations can enable Russia to strengthen its great power status vis--vis the West via cooperation and competition and contribute to the construction of a multipolar world.
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Kim, kyoung Min, and Hyun Jean Yi. "Young Children’s Outdoor Play Seen with a Rhizomatic Perspective: An Accidental Encounter with Snails." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 22 (November 30, 2022): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.349.
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Objectives This article aims at reviewing the processes of experiences and learning in outdoor plays with a rhizomatic perspective, drawing them through a rhizomatic map, confirming authentic values of outdoor plays and their apsects, and making new suggestions for outdoor plays which have been recognized as superficial values on site.
Methods For this, participatory observation and visual research methods were applied to 52 five-year-old young children of A Kindergarten in B city. And in order to figure out before and after the plays of the children, who cannot be figured out easily by participatory observation and visual research method, and their close relationships, semi-structured interviews were also conducted. The collected data through participatory observation, visual research method, and interviews were analyzed according to the inclusive analytic procedures based on the Pragmatic Eclecticism suggested by Young-cheon Kim(2016) and the validity was secured through the evidence of the ‘Credibility’ of Lincoln and Guba(1985).
Results Young children’s outdoor plays starting from an accidental encounter with snails on the way to walk on a rainy day were created through endless connections and contacts. Their plays created by an accidental encounter with snails were categorized into an accidental encounter, recreation by chance, connections and connects, creating meaning, entering into the site of learning, dislocating and learning together, and thinking newly and without limit. Young children exist as nomads who reject territorialization, pursue new arrangements and desires which are different from the present time and try deterritorialization. Therefore, young children’s outdoor plays have neither start nor end and show non-linear and rhizomatic characteristics like roots digging into and stretching out underground endlessly.
Conclusions Young children’s outdoor plays with the rhizomatic characteristics could not be understood with a tree-type perspective concluded with a center and they require teachers and adults to change their perspectives to the rhizomatic one which is not fixed but changing. And young children can meet the world, think and create learning as actors in plays when they have possibilities of changes and dislocation in play venue, time, play methods, etc.
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Tellings, Agnes. "ECLECTICISM AND INTEGRATION IN EDUCATIONAL THEORIES: A METATHEORETICAL ANALYSIS." Educational Theory 51, no. 3 (September 2001): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2001.00277.x.
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Jensen, Jay P., Allen E. Bergin, and David W. Greaves. "The meaning of eclecticism: New survey and analysis of components." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 21, no. 2 (1990): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.21.2.124.
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Ivanchenko, I., and A. Maslov. "Methodological Eclecticism of Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2010): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-12-99-106.
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The article analyzes theoretical and methodological features of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and its channels of performance. The complex nature of this phenomenon is substantiated by a qualitative economic approach thus revealing its immanent theoretical contradictions, which cause a number of problems that monetary authorities face while conducting monetary policy. Possible ways of analysis aimed at resolving the mentioned issues are suggested.
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Enab, Mohamed. "Eclecticism Style in the Architecture of Khedivian Cairo." Journal of Islamic Architecture 5, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v5i2.4747.
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Eclecticism style is one of the European architectural styles that have appeared in the buildings of Cairo in 13-14 A.H / 19-20A.D, which means the trend toward consolidation of various models and buildings in the previous civilizations and merge them and out in one building. This style has known as quoted-style or trend in architecture or eclectic architecture. The research is an attempt to Inventory these buildings that are built on this architectural style. This research follows the historical approach to knowing the origin of this architectural style and how it moved and spread in Cairo architecture in 1314 A.H / 1920 A.D. Then follows a descriptive and analytical approach of examples of these buildings built on this style, and analysis its architectural and artistic elements. In the end, the research has reached some critical results. For example, the primary purpose of this quotation and transportation is to give historical and technical value to these monuments. But unfortunately, the method of this quotation came in the wrong way. Thus losing the principle of unity and harmony that characterized the Islamic architecture, they unwittingly distorted the heritage value. These buildings became a collection of models that are not harmonious.
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Hromnyuk, Adriana. "STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURE OF MODERN INTERIORS OF FOOD FACILITIES." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 61 (October 29, 2021): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.61.42-56.
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The research analyzes a large number of food facilities in Kyiv, Lviv, and Odesa. They are famous for special colorit, attractiveness, and innovation in stylistic and thematic solutions of their spaces. The stylistic analysis of the architecture of their interiors showed that there is mostly no trace of a single stylistic solution but a fusion of several styles or trends.
The main stylistic tendencies in the organization of food enterprises' object and spatial environment are defined: eclectic, fusion, a single modern style/direction, and auteur design without reference to any particular style. At the same time, within eclecticism, we distinguish the following vectors of its stylistic solution: displaying the atmosphere of different eras, the relevant historical styles of specific countries and places, and reproducing the interiors of food establishments from different periods and countries. Within the framework of fusion trends, we distinguish the following vectors: a combination of components of modern styles/trends with retro/vintage/antique interior items, with an authentic restored architectural, artistic details; use of contemporary style in combination with elements of historical styles: Art Deco, Classicism, Secession, etc.; the use of several modern styles/stylistic trends, a special mixture of components of many heterogeneous styles of the past and the present, has grotesque character and sometimes bordering on kitsch, also take place. Using a single dominant modern style or trend is the third tendency of style solutions for food enterprises' object and spatial environment. The fourth tendency is interiors, which do not have a clear manifestation of a particular style.
The main styles and trends used today in the architecture of the interiors of catering facilities are identified, their definitions are clarified, and the scientific basis is developed. Modern stylistic trends, such as fusion, loft, industrial or industrial, shabby-chic, futuristic, steampunk, Provence, modern classics, and the Mediterranean, are reflected in the object-space environment of restaurants, bars and cafes. Eclecticism, minimalism, and high-tech are the most common styles in these spaces.
Performed analysis allowed to determine the main approaches to interior architecture design of food establishments in the context of their conceptual and stylistic solution: conceptualism, eclecticism, environmental friendliness, symbolism, innovation, culturology and traditionalism, cohesion, harmonization, expressiveness, interactivity. Themes of artistic and figurative solution of the subject-spatial environment of food establishments were established.
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Alharbi, Sultan H. "Principled Eclecticism: Approach and Application in Teaching Writing to ESL/EFL Students." English Language Teaching 10, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n2p33.
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The principal purpose of this paper is to critically examine and evaluate the efficacy of the principled eclectic approach to teaching English as second/foreign language (ESL/EFL) writing to undergraduate students. The paper illustrates that this new method adapts mainstream writing pedagogies to individual needs of learners of ESL/EFL in order to address students’ difficulties arising from their contact with an unfamiliar language. Such a claim is based on the researcher’s review of relevant research, the analysis and evaluation of scholarly studies on the subject by leading academics and authorities in the area, and the researcher’s practical experiences as a writing teacher in the Department of English Language and Translation (DELT), College of Languages and Translation (COLT), King Saud University (KSU). It has been generally observed that the common, time-honored, language-based, process-based, and genre-based approaches to teaching writing tend to troubleshoot only certain specific problems related to the teaching of ESL/EFL writing. This paper highlights the importance of student-centered approaches to teaching in order to achieve the goal of coherent, pluralistic language teaching. To achieve this, the discussion recommends classifying, selecting, and sequencing the activities related to teaching writing. Indeed, this is what eclecticism means. The term principled signifies coherence that consistently focuses upon the same formal or functional units and sequencing them at the end to help learners interact and participate in writing activities that need contextualized attention. The paper concludes that the gap between eclecticism and principled eclecticism in teaching English writing must be bridged to improve ESL/EFL learners’ writing skills.
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Pasieka, Paweł. ",,Niech zginą nałogi mięsno-wódczano-tytuniowo-modne”. Programy i idee polskich wegetarian XIX i początku XX stulecia." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 18 (July 9, 2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2018.18.3.
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The article presents an analysis of the ideas and platforms developed by the first Polish vegetarians in the latter half of the 19th and in the early 20th century. The views of the following authors are considered: Konstanty Moes-Oskragiełło, Józef Drzewiecki, Janisław Jastrzębowski and Rajmund Jankowski. I draw attention to three basic features: anthropocentrism, eclecticism and a somewhat informal culture.
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Sapfirova, N. "AN ECLECTIC TREND IN PRODUCTS OF JOZEPH MARSHAK'S JEWELRY FACTORY ON EXAMPLE OF A SILVER TEA AND COFFEE SET, EXIBITED AT THE ALL-RUSSIAN EXIBITION IN KIEV IN 1913." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 6, no. 42 (February 28, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.6(42)2020.12.
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The subject of research is the legacy of Joseph Abramovich Marshak – famous Kiev jeweler and owner of a jewelry enterprise, whose period of activity covers 1878–1918. Among the large number of jewelry made during the forty years of the factory's operation, it should be noted products that correspond to the stylistic trends of the era of historicism, in particular, the silver tea and coffee set, exhibited at the All-Russian Exhibition in Kiev in 1913. The main task of this work is to investigate artful language of eclecticism, expressiveness of which allowed artists of J. Marshak's era to combine decorative heritage and semantic interpretation from Antiquity to beginning of the 20th century. Methodology of this work is based on general scientific principles of historicism and an art history approach. They were realized through the use of following general scientific research methods: otnological, hermeneutic, semiotic, cultural, cross-cultural, iconographic, typologization and art history analysis. Scope of results application outlines teaching activities in specialized educational institutions in formation of plans for art and cultural disciplines, jewelry attribution by Kiev jewelers of marked period, writing scientific and popular scientific works, reference books, encyclopedias, textbooks. Main conclusion: features of jewelry artistic language, which were presented in the tea and coffee set, produced in eclectic style at the Joseph Marshak's factory are revealed. Importance of active exhibition activity and its connection with improvement of stylistic solutions in the jewelry production is displayed. It has been established that eclecticism was given priority in comparison with other stylistic directions at the basis of creative developments at J. Marshak's factory.Key words: jewelry, eclecticism, Joseph Marshak, late 19th – early 20th century.
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Davidich, Tatyana. "Analysis and comparison of «style» and «eclecticism» notions in the theory of architecture." ScienceRise 1, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2019.170841.
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AJADI, Michael Olaniyi. "Eclecticism Style in Ceramic Art Practices of Ife Art School." Journal of Education and Practice 5, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.630.
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Purpose: The study discusses Ife ceramic wares in tandem with the historical approach of the decorative patterns. It equally determines the origin of each style and how it moved and spread across the phases. The sequences of creative impulse and stylistic trends of ceramic practices in the art school from inception have not received scholarly attention in terms of the examination of the approaches towards the conceptions. The specific objective is to investigate the inception of eclecticism in the art school and circumstances behind the conceptions in order to reveal the contextual definitions of used designs and factors influence the innovation.
Methodology: Descriptive and analytical approaches were used to trace decorative trends of each phase and the integration of the various motifs and styles of the previous phases in the new phases that sprung up. Samples of ceramic wares in the art school exhibition brochures, galleries and ceramic studios were collected for analysis and photographs were also taken for evidence.
Findings: In concept, the praxis reveals traditional ideology at inception and desegregation of different themes, ideas, and styles in the recent phase of the practice. The practices are eclectic inclined as of late with reflection of traditional ideology, contemporary issues and customs of Western societies. Notwithstanding, the ceramic art tradition of the art school is aesthetically inclined both in principle and practice.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: No doubt, the sculptural creativeness of Ife wares has preserved cultural heritage for public awareness. This is largely evident in the proliferation of her ingenious adaptation of indigenous deco-stylistic techniques with Western influence that portrayed Nigerian traditional culture by themes, forms and styles in concepts and renditions.
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Eplényi, Anna, and Brigitta Oláh-Christian. "Postmodern landscape architecture: theoretical, compositional characteristics and design elements with the analysis of 25 projects." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2015-0006.
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Abstract This paper endeavours to highlight three aspects of postmodern landscape design: theoretical basis, composition and design elements. Postmodern theories, philosophy influenced the language of the postmodern landscape architecture and got materialized in the use of narratives, eclecticism, the Rhizome-principle. Postmodern landscape composition can be associated with anti-hierarchy, unusual structures, landforms, and playful moods. Postmodern design elements consist of the strong graphical use of colour and pavements, bizarre water features, unusual structures and buildings, postmodern sculptures and thematic garden details. 25 analysed projects try to capture the essence of postmodernism in landscape architecture as well as to reveal points of intersection within these projects.
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Pernecky, Tomas, Ana María Munar, and Brian Wheeller. "Existential Postdisciplinarity: Personal Journeys Into Tourism, Art, and Freedom." Tourism Analysis 21, no. 4 (July 22, 2016): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354216x14600320851730.
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Postdisciplinarity makes claims on ontological, epistemic, and methodological levels, but it is inevitably a personal philosophical stance. This article represents an existentialist approach to the discourse on postdisciplinarity, offering reflective narratives of three academics. Tomas Pernecky discusses creativity, criticality, freedom, and methodological and epistemic pluralism; Ana María Munar reveals her journey of epistemological awakening; and Brian Wheeller underscores the importance of researchers' subjective and emotive voice. Jointly, the authors depict postdisciplinarity as an invitation to conceptual and interpretive eclecticism, critical analysis, and creative problem solving.
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Шило, О. В., Ю. Б. Пянида, І. І. Селищева, and П. О. Дзюбенко. "КОМПОЗИЦІЙНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТИЛЮ ФРАНЦУЗЬКОГО РЕНЕСАНСУ В АРХІТЕКТУРІ ХАРКОВА ДОБИ ЕКЛЕКТИКИ." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 108, no. 2 (2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29295/2311-7257-2022-108-2-85-90.
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The article reveals the main problems of development of one of the neo-styles of eclecticism - "Neo-Renaissance" - and its separate historical and regional style - the French Renaissance. On the basis of certain examples of Kharkiv buildings of the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries the comparative analysis of compositional principles of formation of constructions and methods of construction of plastic facades is carried out. The urgency of the topic is due to the identification of their national and historical features.
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Kalytiak, V. V. "GENRES' ECLECTICISM IN THE NOVEL BY VIKTORIA HRANETSKA "THE BODY©"." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 3(55) (April 12, 2019): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-3(55)-453-463.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the genres' eclecticism in the novel by Viktoria Hranetska "The body©". The purpose of an article is to find out the specifics of the genre on the base of the novel, the studying of the plot and compositional elements according to the postmodern discourse, the finding out the correlation between the different directions of the fantastic genre in the structure of the novel.
Research methods In the context of studying the literary work, we used the basic principles of mythological, comparative-historical, psychological and typological methods.
Results. The article deals with the genre and plot-compositional features of the novel "The body©", found out its leading motives, ways of representing them in the text and also postmodern features. We were able to identify the genres in which the text was created, and how they manifest themselves on the plot-compositional level.
Scientific novelty. The author explores the genesis of science fiction and its kinds on the material of the novel and also gives the characterization of the genres of science fiction, fantasy and horror. The author studies deeply the leading motifs of the horror literature – the motives the mettempsychosis with all its modifications on the example of the works of fiction of Ukrainian and world literatures for the first time. The article thoroughly analyzes the novel "The body©" as a postmodernist work of fiction wich have all features of postmodernism, in particular eclectic genres.
Practical significance. The main principles of research can be used for a deeper understanding of the characteristic features of the fantastic sub-genres, the ability to distinguish them from the general canvas of science fiction.
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Zdenek, Sean. "Charting a Course Between Methodological Formalism and Eclecticism: Pedagogical Tensions in Three Rhetorical Analysis Textbooks." Review of Communication 9, no. 2 (April 2009): 188–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15358590802169520.
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May, Tom. "Startling or Seductive? An Analysis of Play for Today’s Title Sequences." Journal of British Cinema and Television 19, no. 2 (April 2022): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2022.0614.
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Play for Today has been widely regarded as a prestigious vehicle for one-off dramas on topical issues. Based on accounts by producers, composers and graphic designers, this article will provide a historical analysis of the changing image of Play for Today through the close analysis of its seven title sequences. Focusing on how the different sequences invested the strand with a particular identity and prepared audiences for the plays that followed, it identifies two main modes of address. It argues that the Play for Today image was at its most startling during the periods 1971–3 and 1977–82 when the title sequences signalled to viewers that Play for Today would present important – often politicised – drama with a proximity to the news. Other sequences – during 1973–7 – sought instead to ‘seduce’ viewers by foregrounding the strand’s humanism and eclecticism.
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Catana, Leo. "The Origin of the Division between Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism." Apeiron 46, no. 2 (April 2013): 166–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2012-0029.
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Abstract The division of Ancient Platonism into Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism is a fairly new one. The conceptual foundation of this division was cemented in Jacob Brucker’s pioneering Historia critica philosophiae (1742-67). In the 1770s and 1780s, the term ‘Neoplatonism’ was coined on the basis of Brucker’s analysis. Three historiographical concepts were decisive to Brucker: ‘system of philosophy’, ‘eclecticism’ and ‘syncretism’. By means of these concepts, he characterized Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism as opposing philosophical movements, the former being a genuine form of Platonism, the latter a false form. However, the division is untenable and we ought to abandon it.
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Fadeev, K. V. "ARCHITECTURE OF THE FIRST HIGH SCHOOLS IN TOMSK LATE IN THE 19th CENTURY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-4-7-21.
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The article deals with the history of the emergence and development of the first high schools in Tomsk. The architectural aspect associated with the provision of the high schools with their own buildings adapted to the educational process is described, which, in turn, affected the formation of the architectural appearance of Tomsk.Late in the 19th century, eclecticism characterized by a mixture of different styles, became the dominant architectural trend in the appearance of buildings in Tomsk. One of the trends in eclecticism was the brick style, according to which the educational institutions were built most of all, including the Mariinsky women's and provincial men's high schools.The relevance of the study is conditioned by the problems of preserving the architectural heritage of the second half of the 19th century in relation to the historical center of the city, which is an important cultural and educational factor.The purpose of this work is to study the brick style architecture of the first high schools in Tomsk. The study is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The specific historical methods include a study of bibliographic and comparative sources and methods of architectural analysis of the cultural objects.It is shown that the activities of a number of architects resulted in a unique architectural heritage of the 19th century, forming the architectural appearance of the historical part of Tomsk. The results of this study are reported at the meeting of Pushkin Historical Society.
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Smith, Michael E. "Researching European Foreign Policy: Some Fundamentals." Politics 28, no. 3 (October 2008): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2008.00327.x.
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The emergence of European foreign policy (EFP) as a fairly distinct field of inquiry involves contributions from several traditions within political science: international relations, foreign policy analysis and European integration. This eclecticism however can make it extremely difficult to reach consensus on the fundamental definition and boundaries of the field. To help alleviate this problem, and to stimulate further thinking on the topic, this article address several fundamental questions of research design regarding positivist scholarly inquiry in this field. These include, inter alia, the problematisation of EFP as a research question, the role of independent and dependent variables and the role of systems and actors within the field.
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Ikegbu, Ephraim Ahamefula, and Maduka Enyimba. "Implications of Some Selected Ethical Theories for Environmental Sustainability and Development in Nigeria." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n1p150.
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Human actions and conduct have both positive and negative effects on humankind and its environment. This is why ethicists have propounded different theories that are supposed to guide peoples’ conduct in order to distinguish the right from the wrong. Environmental ethics as an aspect of environmental philosophy attempts a justification of the rightness and wrongness of human activities as they affect other non-human members of the society or environment. Despite the efforts of both ethicists and environmentalist, humans have continued to conduct themselves in a manner, most unhealthy to the environmental resources. This is the problematic that informed this research on “Ethics, Environment and Philosophy: Towards Sustainable Development in Africa”. The main objective is to apply selected ethical theories to the philosophical study of environment in order to ascertain their implications for sustainable development in Africa. To achieve this goal, philosophical methods of critical analysis, conceptual clarification and deduction were employed in the examination and exposition of the nature and tenets of the following selected ethical theories: Platonism, Hedonism, Subjectivism, Teleologism and Deontologism. It was discovered upon application that, these theories present both positive and negative implication for environment, philosophy and development. Hence, humans must be positively minded whenever they undertake any action be it from the perspective of Platonists, Hedonists, Subjectivists, Teleologists or Deontologists. If there must be development and sustainability in the environment, then the positive aspects of each of these theories must be harnessed to yield what this paper describes as environmental eclecticism.
Keywords: Ethical Theories, Environment, Philosophy, Sustainable Development, Environmental Eclecticism.
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Maroun, Warren. "Culture, profitability, non-financial reporting and a meta-analysis." Meditari Accountancy Research 23, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-04-2015-0020.
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Purpose – This paper aims to highlight key limitations of meta-analyses (and the underlying research) dealing with the correlation between corporate social environmental disclosures (CESDs) and financial measures, using cultural characteristics as moderating variables. Design/methodology/approach – This paper takes the form of a review. It discusses a research paper published in the current issue of Meditari Accountancy Research, identifies general limitations of meta-analyses and makes recommendations. Findings – Several issues need to be taken into account by meta-analyses examining the correlation between CESD and financial measures over long periods of time. These include the effect of different accounting standards, the implications of the increasing use of fair value measures, the relevance of the users of corporate reports and the importance of corporate governance systems. Originality/value – The review contributes to the debate on the need for methodological and theoretical eclecticism when it comes to corporate governance research. Positivist techniques have their role to play, but these must be complemented by interpretive and critical analysis to provide a balanced account of the development and relevance of CSED.
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Jaruszewicz, Candace. "Responsible Eclecticism: Using a Structured Analysis Process to Facilitate Curriculum Discourse with Graduate Preservice Early Childhood Students." Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education 26, no. 4 (October 2005): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10901020500413221.
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Leguina, Adrian, Paul Widdop, and Gindo Tampubolon. "The Global Omnivore: Identifying Musical Taste Groups in Austria, England, Israel and Serbia." Sociological Research Online 21, no. 3 (August 2016): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4020.
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This research offers a unique opportunity to revisit the omnivore hypothesis under a unified method of cross-national analysis. To accomplish this, we interpret omnivourism as a special case of cultural eclecticism ( Ollivier, 2008 ; Ollivier, Gauthier and Truong, 2009 ). Our methodological approach incorporates the simultaneous analysis of locally produced and globally known musical genres. Its objective is to verify whether cultural omnivourism is a widespread phenomenon, and to determine to what extent any conclusions can be generalised across countries with different social structures and different levels of cultural openness. To truly understand the scope of the omnivourism hypothesis, we argue that it is essential to perform a cross-national comparison to test the hypothesis within a range of social, political and cultural contexts, and a reflection of different historical and cultural repertoires ( Lamont, 1992 ).
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Quarles, Charles L. "Matthew 16.2b–3: New Considerations for a Difficult Textual Question." New Testament Studies 66, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 228–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688519000390.
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A survey of the current state of research shows that scholars are at an impasse regarding the text of Matt 16.2b–3. A fresh application of reasoned eclecticism to the unit uncovers new evidence supporting the longer reading. A reappraisal of the Greek manuscripts, early versions and early Christian literature shows that the longer and shorter readings are of approximately equal antiquity as far as can be established from presently available evidence. Analysis of the Eusebian apparatus strongly suggests that the shorter reading was often the result of intentional scribal change. Of the various explanations for such change, the most persuasive view is that proposed by Scrivener, Tregelles and Weiss – the shorter reading was probably an assimilation to Matt 12.39.
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Ingham, Alan G., and Peter Donnelly. "A Sociology of North American Sociology of Sport: Disunity in Unity, 1965 to 1996." Sociology of Sport Journal 14, no. 4 (December 1997): 362–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.14.4.362.
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As we pass the 30th anniversary of a recognized sociology of sport in North America, it is appropriate to develop a current sociological analysis of the subdiscipline. In the first part we examine the origins of the field and the development of the Wisconsin socialization paradigm and the social problems perspective. In the second part we explore the critical shift in the field, emerging from an engagement with C. Wright Mills, and the development of a political economy perspective. In the third part we review the turn to Antonio Gramsci and cultural studies, focusing particularly on the themes of gender and the body. We conclude by considering whether, given the current eclecticism, sociology of sport is still a legitimate description of our field.
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Balashova, E. A. "OBOLDUEV′s IDYLL: THE UNDERGROUND VERSION." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-3-589-594.
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The article gives an interpretation of the early, seemingly difficult texts by Georgy Obolduev. His style is characterized not only by whimsical associative connections, but also by very precise and responsible word usage. This analysis allows us to find traditional idyllic motifs in his seemingly difficult poems. In the considered passages by G. Obolduev idyll exists as an archetype, as a subconscious and not embodied concept of being. One can say that Obolduev has an “underground” version of idyll. The unusual poetics of the idyllic poems correspond to the poetics of Obolduev's early works with sophisticated wordplay, realistic details, vivid imagery, intertextuality, “style eclecticism” and lexical variety. The analysis of Obolduev's texts of different periods revealed the important motif of "culture as cure". It is significant that this motif is regular and frequent in Obolduev's works.
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Summa, Sumya Alam. "Application and Justification of Eclectic Approach (an Innovative Teaching Style) for ELT Practitioners in both Private and Public Universities in Bangladesh." International Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.1.3.
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The use of modern innovative techniques is an essential requirement for language pedagogy. One single method cannot meet all the needs of learners in language teaching. The purpose of this paper is to figure out the contextual application of eclecticism and compare two perspectives of learning which relates to public and private educational institutions. (Reference: both AIUB and BSMRSTU where I had been teaching for years). This study intends to draw the picture of real-life teaching experiences in both private and public universities. My focus will be on justification of practicing all four skills, specially listening and speaking skill through eclecticism. It is all about a teacher’s unique innovations and his/her own creations to cover up all skills in one lesson. To conduct this research, a comparative study based of literature review was done to find out real problems of each institution. Some new innovative techniques and activities have been applied in learning and acquiring English in my classroom. All the students were given some tasks and they were asked to follow some instructions given. They became interested to accomplish all the tasks and learn lessons promptly. My goal is to talk about how successful a teacher can be to introduce a new technique. For example, teachers are suggested here to practice on the basis of ‘realia’ like playing and listening songs and music videos as innovative texts to exercise on all for skills. At last, the general purpose of this paper is to discuss a very authentic new technique, its future implications, results, problems and solutions. To talk about these, limitations of all other single methods and some current practices will be mentioned to investigate learners’ needs on the basis of “Needs Analysis”. Some solutions will be suggested at the very end of this paper.
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Nikoloutsos, Konstantinos P. "Helen’s semiotic body: ancient and modern representations." Nuntius Antiquus 12, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3636.12.1.187-213.
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The paper draws on theoretical work on the representation of the female body as an object of the male gaze in modern narrative, in order to decode and analyze Helen’s portrayal as a physical vacuum in ancient literature. I argue that the negation of Helen’s corporeality emphasizes the semiotic duality of her body, allowing it to be deployed both as a sign and as a site for the inscription of signs. The paper, then, proceeds to show how Helen’s Iliadic depiction has provided the eighteenth-century philosopher Edmund Burke with a rhetorical platform upon which to theorize the aesthetic dichotomy between the beautiful and the sublime. I close my analysis by illustrating how the eclecticism, compromises, and pastiches that inform Helen’s cinematic recreations find a parallel in, and thus perpetuate, ancient pictorial techniques.
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Petrusenko, Y. V. "DECORATIVE ELEMENTS IN BRICK STYLE ARCHITECTURE IN N.A. PANIN’S BUILDING." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-4-53-61.
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The aim of this work is to identify the architectural and artistic features of A.N. Panin‟s building and carry out a detailed analysis of plastic facades, which represent a synthesis of gothic and pseudo-Russian styles. The building locates in the historic part of Rostov-on-Don, at the intersection of the oldest streets of the city – Beregovvya and Pochtovyi (now Ostrovskii) streets in Rostov-on-Don. The study identifies the features of plastic facade design using composite techniques and brick decoration, characteristic of eclecticism, which combines different styles in the plastic design of facades. The object has not been studied enough at the moment, although it is one of the cultural heritage objects designed by N. M. Sokolov, whose objects form the historical part of Rostov-on-Don.
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Abdi, Ali A. "Decolonizing Educational and Social Development Platforms in Africa." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 1-2 (2013): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341251.
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Abstract This essay aims to engage, mainly from theoretical perspectives with analytical eclecticism, a historical and contemporary analysis of African educational and social developmental contexts. It relays the real colonial connections that are still attached to this context. The essay relates the historical location as well as the socio-cultural embeddedness of the African philosophy of Ubuntu, which may have indirectly facilitated the initial entry of colonialism. It critically locates the thick philosophical and epistemological problematics that have previously and again, post-factually limited the foundational reconstructions, and by extension, the relevance of Africa’s learning and related possibilities for achieving social well-being. At the end, the essay calls for the urgent decolonization of Africa’s philosophies and epistemologies of education, so that learning contexts can aid the now non-delinkable desires, indeed, needs for social development.
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Sundari, Hanna, Ira Miranti, and Agus Sulaeman. "AN ECLECTIC APPROACH IN SYLLABUS DESIGN: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ONE-TO-ONE TEACHING INDONESIAN FOR SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 20, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v20i2.33060.
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The industry of BIPA (Indonesian for foreigners) has extensively increased both at home and overseas. As a result, its teaching needs to be well-planned and organized. Supported by the view that no best method for all, eclecticism can be selected as approach to teaching. This paper is purposed to describe the initial stages of syllabus design particularly for one-to-one teaching Indonesian using eclectic approach. Carried out by descriptive research as part of research and development design, non-structured interview, observation, and open-ended questionnaire were as instruments to collect the information about learner and previous teaching process. Using a framework of syllabus development by Graves, need analysis and first draft syllabus were taken place. The need analysis reveals the learner characteristics and need of learning, such as age, gender, motivation and expectation. Moreover, grounded by the result of gathered information from need analysis, the developed syllabus is then a combination of task-based approach of language learning and structural-based syllabus which embraces accuracy and fluency as well as covers the features of eclectic system.