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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Analytical biochemistry

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Academic literature on the topic 'Analytical biochemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Analytical biochemistry"

1

Smyth, Malcolm R. "Analytical Biochemistry." Analytica Chimica Acta 319, no. 3 (February 1996): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(96)90747-3.

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Scheller, Frieder W., and Frank F. Bier. "Analytical biochemistry." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 378, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2239-9.

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Katz, S. A. "The analytical biochemistry of chromium." Environmental Health Perspectives 92 (May 1991): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.919213.

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Jakoby, William B. "Analytical Biochemistry at age 50." Analytical Biochemistry 412, no. 2 (May 2011): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.018.

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Majkic-Singh, Nada. "Society of medical biochemists of Serbia and Montenegro: 50 years anniversary." Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija 24, no. 3 (2005): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmh0503157m.

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Medical biochemistry (synonyms: clinical chemistry or clinical biochemistry) in the terms of professional and scientific discipline, stems from and/or has developed along with the natural sciences and its influences (mathematics, physics, chemistry and biochemistry) and medical sciences as well (physiology, genetics, cell biology). As a scientific discipline, medical biochemistry studies metabolic processes of physiological and pathological changes with humans and animals. Applying analytical chemistry's and biochemistry's techniques enables medical biochemists to gain plenty of information related to diagnosis and prognosis which serve physicians to asses the gravity of illness and prescribe healing therapy. Therefore medical biochemistry is an integral part of modern medicine. This discipline was dubbed various, often confusing names such as pathology, physiology, clinical biology, clinical pathology, chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry, medical biochemistry, clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, all depending on place of origin. The official, internationally accepted name - clinical chemistry, was mentioned for the first time in 1912 by Johan Scherer, who described his laboratory as Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (Klinisch Chemische Laboratorium) in the hospital Julius in Wurzburg in Germany. After creating national societies of clinical chemists, Professor Earl J. King of Royal Postgraduate Medical School from London incited an initiative to unite national societies into the organization with worldwide character - it was the International Association of Clinical Biochemists, monitored by the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). On 24 July 1952 in Paris, a Second International Congress of Biochemistry was held. A year later, in Stockholm, the name of a newly formed association was altered into International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, which was officially accepted in 1955 in Brussels. Today this federation-s name is International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC). Right after the World War II our medical biochemists began to gather within their expert societies. Even before 1950 Pharmaceutical Society of Serbia hosted laboratory experts among whom the most active were Prof. Dr. Aleksandar Damanski for bromatology, Prof. Dr. Momcilo Mokranjac for toxicology and Docent Dr. Pavle Trpinac for biochemistry. When the Managing Board of the Pharmaceutical Society of National Republic of Serbia held its session on 22 December 1950, an issue was raised with reference to creation of a Section that would gather together the laboratory experts. Section for Sanitary Chemistry, combining all three profiles of laboratory staff, i.e. medical biochemists, sanitary chemists and toxicologists, was founded on 1st of January 1951. On 15 May 1955, during the sixth plenum of the Society of Pharmaceutical Societies of Yugoslavia (SFRY) held in Split, the decision was passed to set up a Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ. The Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ was renamed into Society for Medical Biochemistry of SFDJ based on the decision passed during the 16th plenum of SFDJ, held on 15 May 1965 in Banja Luka. Pursuant to the decision passed by SMBY on 6 April 1995 and based on the historic data, 15 May was declared as being the official Day of the Society of Medical Biochemists of Yugoslavia. The purpose of YuSMB (currently SMBSCG) is to gather medical biochemists who would develop and enhance all the branches of medical biochemistry in health industry. Its tasks are as following: to standardize operations in clinical-biochemical laboratories, education of young biochemists on all levels, encouraging scientific research, setting up of working norms and implementation, execution and abiding by the ethics codices with health workers. SMBSCG is to promote the systemized standards in the field of medical biochemistry with the relevant federal and republican institutions. SMBSCG is to enable exchange of experiences of its members with the members of affiliate associations in the country and abroad. .

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Chadda, Kavya, Mallick Rajni Satyendra Kumar, and Chinka Patel. "Pre-Analytical Error in Biochemistry Laboratory." Scholars International Journal of Biochemistry 7, no. 02 (March 14, 2024): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijb.2024.v07i02.002.

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An observational study was done for a period of 6 months from 1st January, 2023 to 30th June, 2023 in the clinical biochemistry laboratory at GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre. The study delved into pre-analytical errors within clinical biochemistry laboratories, focusing on error types, their prevalence, and potential impact. The study aimed to identify and quantify errors occurring in the pre-analytical phase, spanning from sample collection to report generation. Among the recorded errors (n=50), the most frequent was insufficient sample volume, signifying a pressing concern. Another prevalent error was Tests Not Mentioned or Add-on Testing, accounting for 26% of all errors, potentially disrupting workflow. The research also highlighted additional errors, including hemolysis, clotted samples, contamination from infusion routes, and lipemic samples. The study underscored the significance of addressing these errors to ensure accurate and reliable test results, thereby enhancing patient care. Overall, it provided valuable insights into the landscape of pre-analytical errors in clinical biochemistry, emphasizing the need for improved procedures, enhanced training, and effective communication to enhance the quality and precision of laboratory testing and, ultimately, patient care.

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Gosling, Peter. "Analytical Reviews in Clinical Biochemistry: Calcium Measurement." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 23, no. 2 (March 1986): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328602300203.

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Challand, G. S. "Book Review: Problem Solving in Analytical Biochemistry." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 32, no. 4 (July 1995): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329503200419.

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Li, Qiang, and Stefan Seeger. "Autofluorescence Detection in Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry." Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 45, no. 1 (January 25, 2010): 12–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05704920903435425.

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Duffy, Patricia, Iman Saad, and Jean M. Wallach. "New developments of conductimetry in analytical biochemistry." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 330, no. 4-5 (January 1988): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00469279.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Analytical biochemistry"

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Shams, Saleema Bashir. "Some new micro analytical techniques in biochemistry." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245056.

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Bridgeman, Myrtle Mildred Esprit. "Analytical studies of plant gum exudates." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27268.

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The gum exudate from Acacia calcigera, a species recently discovered in Australia, has been shown to have a highly positive specific rotation and high molecular weight with a low rhamnose content. These results are characteristic of species within the Sec?tion Gummiferae, a predominantly African section of the genus Acacia. Analytical data for the gum exudate from a cultivar of Leucaena leucocephala from India and for gum arabic (Acacia senega!) fromAfrica were compared. The Leucaena gum had a chemical composition and properties sim ilar to gum arabic but was of higher viscosity and molecular weight; these differences could be commercially important if gum collection from Leucaena could be organised. in a series of studies in laboratory rats, gum arabic was com?pletely degraded on incorporation into a standard rat diet at levels of 2g/day/rat and 4g/day/rat. On incorporation into an elemental, low residue diet ( ?Flexical1) gum arabic was partially degraded when fed to rats at 2g/day/rat but was found to be degraded more exten?sively if fed at a reduced level (lg/day/rat). Gum arabic, mixed with faeces from rats fed the elemental diet was partially degraded by faecal bacteria. The different results obtained when gum arabic was incorporated into two different diets indicated the importance of choice of type of diet and dose level used in dietary studies. VFaecal extracts obtained from rats fed a standard diet supple?mented with gum karaya (1.2g/day/rat) were shown to be similar, but not identical, to gum karaya that had been mixed with faeces then re-extracted. A similar result was obtained when an elemental diet was used. It was not possible to conclude whether or not the gum karaya extracted from test faeces had been degraded because of the difficulties found to be associated with attempted molecular weight measurements of the impure forms of the gum extracted. Seven commercial gum tragacanth samples from Iran were found to vary in composition and in viscosity and in the ratio of their water-insoluble and water-soluble components. Their amino acid con?tents did not differ extensively. Five commercial gum tragacanth samples from Turkey showed less variation than the Iranian samples; although having lower viscosity, their amino acid compositions were sim ilar to those of the Iranian samples. A Turkish gum tragacanth sample from Astragalus microcephalus (the major source of the gum) differed extensively analytically from Turkish gum tragacanth sam?ples from Astragalus kurdicus and Astragalus gummifer (minor sources) The Test Article used in a dietary study of gum tragacanth in Man was shown to have been well-chosen, representing gum tragacanth of fair average quality.

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Belenguer, Ana. "Analytical studies of some agents for fertility regulation." Thesis, City University London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335308.

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Chambers, Kerry Louise. "Novel analytical methods for the investigation of nicotine metabolism." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19440/.

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The thesis begins with a description of the history of tobacco usage, health effects related to tobacco consumption, the metabolism of nicotine and the analytical methods used for the determination of its metabolites. The work described in this current study is related to the use of the Konig reaction for the colorimetric determination of nicotine and its metabolites. Two novel non-polar condensing reagents were prepared and evaluated as to their performance with an extensive range of individual nicotine metabolites. The work extends our basic knowledge of the analytical chemistry of this reaction particularly in relation to the molar absorptivity and partitioning of the coloured derivatives formed. It was found that each metabolite has its own unique molar absorptivity, a finding which has profound implications for the interpretation of this reaction when used quantitatively as a test for "Total Nicotine Metabolites" since it is increasingly recognised that nicotine metabolism may differ between individuals, ethnic groups and during different physiological states. In addition its possible utility as a colorimetric derivatisation procedure for the determination of nicotine concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) may also be compromised if cotinine alone is used for standardisation purposes. The use of these novel derivatives was investigated in relation to their correlation with a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for cotinine and the ability of the test to discriminate between smokers and non-smokers. The use of more non-polar derivatives was found to result in a small enhancement of the discriminatory power of the reaction for the determination of smoking status. An excellent correlation was found between the RIA and the use of the Konig reaction. There has been considerable debate as to the precise nature of the derivatives formed during the Konig reaction. Part of this work has been dedicated to the elucidation of the definitive structures of these compounds. The evidence presented here suggests that the structure proposed by Rustemeier et al (1993) is the more likely of the proposed structures. The work concludes with a consideration of the possible use of surfactants to enhance the procedure and enable the use of potassium thiocyanate rather than potassium cyanide during the reaction. Several combinations of anionic, cationic and neutral surfactants are investigated and their effects on the Konig reaction discussed.

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Markoglou, Nektaria. "Immobilized enzymes as on-line probes in biochemistry and new drug discovery : biosynthesis of catecholamines." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37655.

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The use of immobilized enzymes has steadily increased in recent years. Based upon the advantages that immobilized enzymes possess over soluble enzymes, numerous applications have emerged in medical and analytical fields. This work demonstrates the applicability of a liquid chromatographic system based upon coupled on-line immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) to organic synthesis, biochemistry and pharmacology. It is envisioned that the model system will grow into a modular process where synthetic chemists can add or subtract the enzymes necessary for their particular synthetic goal. The system allows for on-line chromatographic purification and structural identification of products and could greatly reduce time required to discover new synthetic pathways. In addition, the construction of a coupled enzyme system provides a number of approaches to basic research into synthetic and metabolic pathways as well as a rapid method for the discovery of new pharmaceutical substances.
A coupled system using extremely different enzymes with incompatible cofactors and reaction conditions has been constructed. The significance of the proposed project not only lies in the development of the liquid chromatographic on-line enzyme cascade but also in the biosynthetic pathway chosen for this study. The biosynthetic pathway involving dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase encompass the synthesis of the key transmitters, norepinephrine and epinephrine. The results demonstrate for the first time the immobilization of dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. The IMERs are active and can be used in a liquid chromatographic format for qualitative and quantitative determinations. Studies with the IMER-HPLC systems have also shown that the activity of the immobilized enzymes reflects the non-immobilized enzymes. Thus, the IMER-HPLC system can be used to carry out standard Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetic studies and to quantitatively determine enzyme kinetic constants, identify specific enzyme inhibitors, provide information regarding the mode of inhibition and the inhibitor constants (Ki). The immobilized enzyme reactors used independently or as a combination will provide a unique opportunity to explore the interrelationships between these enzymes, to investigate the source of catecholamine-related disorders and to design new drug entities for identified clinical syndromes.

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Combs, J. Dale. "Study of a Model alpha-Helix Peptide's Surface Properties by Langmuir Monolayer Techniques and Surface FTIR." Thesis, Middle Tennessee State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10146886.

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Cell membranes have been shown to be able to change the conformation of proteins/peptides. However, the structure of the cell membrane is complicated and has been divided to three regions: the hydrophobic region containing alkyl chains, the hydrophilic head group, and the hydration layer, or lipid-water interface, which exists between the hydrophilic head group and the bulk water solution, but with lower dielectric constant compared with fully hydrated water. The air-water interface has been used to mimic the structure of the hydration layer because of their similar dielectric constant.1,2 Some proteins were found to form a stable Langmuir monolayer and accumulate at the air-water interface. For example, ?-synclein, a membrane protein containing 140 amino acids, is unstructured in aqueous solution but changes its conformation to α-helix at the air-water interface. This incites interest to investigate short motifs of α-helix to form a stable Langmuir monolayer at the air-water interface. In this thesis, a peptide with sequence of YAAAA(KAAAA)4 (referred as Pep25 hereafter) was used as a model peptide of α-helix to spread at the air-water interface, because our group has determined the conformation of Pep25 in residue level by the 13C isotope-edited FTIR. Langmuir monolayer technique together with IRRAS showed that Pep25 does not form a typical Langmuir monolayer at the interface. Potential plans to make Pep25 to form a stable monolayer are also discussed in this thesis.

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Avula, Satya Girish Chandra. "Lipidomics of Algae and Human Plasma by Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Techniques." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1470822409.

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Sombers, Leslie A. "Determination of Trace Levels of Lead in Whole Blood by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626166.

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Jacobs, Elizabeth Mara. "Identification and Quantification of Polycyclic Musks and Methyl-Triclosan in Unknown Freshwater Fish Tissue Samples." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626893.

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Perez, Laura Liliana Castell. "Evaluation of a Technique to Quantify Lipids in Bivalve Larvae Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, using Nile Red and Epiflourescence Microscopy." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617634.

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Books on the topic "Analytical biochemistry"

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1946-, Peck Hazel, ed. Analytical biochemistry. 2nd ed. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1993.

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Basha, Mahin. Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0134-1.

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1946-, Peck Hazel, ed. Problem solvingin analytical biochemistry. Harlow: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1994.

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1927-, Jollès Pierre, and Jörnvall Hans, eds. Interface between chemistry and biochemistry. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1995.

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1962-, Cortón Eduardo, ed. Bioanalytical chemistry. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

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1962-, Cortón Eduardo, ed. Bioanalytical chemistry. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

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Holme, David J. Problem solving in analytical biochemistry. White Plains, NY: Longman, 1993.

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Schalkhammer, Thomas G. M., 1961-, ed. Analytical biotechnology. Boston, MA: Birkhauser Verlag, 2002.

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Schalkhammer, Thomas G. M., 1961-, ed. Analytical biotechnology. Boston, MA: Birkhauser Verlag, 2002.

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Katoch, Rajan. Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Analytical biochemistry"

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Marcone, Massimo. "Analytical Techniques in Food Biochemistry." In Food Biochemistry and Food Processing, 26–38. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118308035.ch2.

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Courtoy, Pierre J. "Analytical Subcellular Fractionation of Endosomal Compartments in Rat Hepatocytes." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 29–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3026-8_2.

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Winefordner, J. D., W. J. McCarthy, and P. A. St. John. "Phosphorimetry as an Analytical Approach in Biochemistry." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 369–483. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110331.ch7.

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Spink, C., and I. Wadsö. "Calorimetry as an Analytical Tool in Biochemistry and Biology." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 1–159. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110430.ch1.

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Katoch, Rajan. "Preparation of Solutions." In Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2_1.

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Katoch, Rajan. "Enzymes in Metabolism." In Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 175–226. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2_10.

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Katoch, Rajan. "Isoenzyme Analysis." In Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 227–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2_11.

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Katoch, Rajan. "Chromatographic Separations." In Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 233–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2_12.

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Katoch, Rajan. "Methods for Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Food Materials." In Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 251–322. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2_13.

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Katoch, Rajan. "Nutritional Evaluation of Forages." In Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 323–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Analytical biochemistry"

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Gorlov, D., Nikolai Jujukin, I. Kuznetsov, and E. Litvinov. "PROSPECTS FOR USING THE ANALYTICAL CAPABILITIES OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY IN SPORTS BIOCHEMISTRY." In SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE MODERN WORLD. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/simw2024_59-66.

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The topic related to the use of the analytical capabilities of clinical chemistry in sports biochemistry is quite relevant, in that thanks to it, training has been optimized, and research has also helped improve monitoring of the health of athletes, which is very important in our time. This scientific article is devoted to the study of the physical and chemical principles of the analysis of human biological fluids, which can significantly expand the methodological arsenal of sports biochemistry and sports pharmacology. The work contains a review of the literature of sports biochemistry and clinical biochemistry, examples, as well as new opportunities in the study of organ proteins and muscle tissue proteins. Study results show optimization of training, diagnosis of athletes' condition and prevention of health problems.

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Pavlović, Bojana, Zorica Šumarac, Snežana Jovičić, Svetlana Ignjatović, and Neda Milinković. "ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LABORATORY PERFORMANCE USING QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE: RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVES." In XX International Convention on Quality JUSK ICQ 2024. United Association of Serbia for Quality, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/jusk-icqxx.129p.

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is known that the most errors in the medical biochemical laboratory belong to the pre-analytical phase of the work. In order to constantly care for patient safety and reduce laboratory errors, it is necessary to control the quality of the pre-analytical laboratory work process. It can be implemented by different procedures, but the most significant way is by monitoring quality indicators. The aim of this paper is to present selected quality indicators of the pre-analytical phase from the project of the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine "Quality Indicator Model" which describes the quality and possibilities of the pre-analytical phase process in the medical laboratory. The work covers the period from April 2014 to December 2015. The examination was carried out in the Polyclinic Laboratory Diagnostic Service of the Center for Medical Biochemistry of the Clinical Center of Serbia. The results are presented through the six sigma quality evaluation system. The analysis of the obtained results of the monitored quality indicators enabled the assessment of critical procedures and their improvement, prevention of errors and the application of corrective measures, all with the aim of improving the overall performance of the medical laboratory

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Lieberman, R. A. "Fiber-optic sensors for environmental applications." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thp.1.

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The use of optical fibers for chemical monitoring predates communications uses. In recent years, advances in fiber optic and semiconductor technology, as well as in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, have made fiber optic chemical sensors very attractive for a wide variety of environmental applications. Remote spectroscopic measurements via optical fibers (passive fiber optic chemical sensing), including fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, and often multiplexing many fibers to provide simultaneous multipoint chemical information, have become well accepted in the process control and environmental monitoring industries. Active techniques, in which chemically sensitive devices, or “optrodes”, are attached to fibers, are being intensively studied, and a few sensor systems based on these are beginning to appear as commercial products. Intrinsic sensors, in which optical fibers are the actual chemical transduction devices, have begun to attract wide attention, because of their potential for continuous long-path monitoring. Chemical sensing requirements challenge fiber optic researchers: new optical fiber designs (D-fibers, hollow waveguides, multi-core, off-center core, tapered geometries, and others) are being investigated to enhance fiber chemical sensitivity. New fiber materials (fluorozirconate, chalcogenide, sapphire, silver halide, and others) are being developed to extend transmission into the infrared “chemical fingerprint” region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Schulte, Henning, Gunnar Brink, Robin Gruna, Reinhard Herzog, and Heinrich Grüger. "Utilization of spectral signatures of food for daily use." In OCM 2015 - 2nd International Conference on Optical Characterization of Materials. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000044906-4.

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The analysis of spectral signatures of materials is an established technology in biochemistry and analytical chemistry. This includes the identification of different materials and some of their ingredients. A common method used is optical spectroscopy. Optical spectroscopy refers to the visible effects caused by the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. Because each element has its own specific energy reflection within different wavelengths, the identification of materials or material families is generally possible. With respect to the availability of sensors, the greatest opportunity for the broad use of this technology is expected in the wavelength of NIR. Given the complexity of reliable identification and verification of spectral signatures of a product, the three aspects that must be minimally considered are as follows: the product itself, the necessary sensors, and the evaluation of the obtained data. Special attention must be paid to the measurement itself, the reflection of the material, and the calibration of the measurement arrangement. There is information available about organic and inorganic products and their spectral reflection within near infrared (NIR). Within our focus of research, existing information related to food is mostly about products and their quality, especially, microbial spoilage, freshness, and ripening. Meat, fruits, and dairy are the most analyzed products in this wavelength region. The quantity of sugar, carbohydrates, and fat is essential for the investigations related to nutrients in a product. The major trend in the area of sensors (for optical spectroscopic measurements) is the miniaturization and integration of functions, separating out expensive assembly needs. On the other hand, there is a need for increasing performance. Resolution and wavelength have to match the applied chemometric models with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The availability of new, better, and cheaper spectral sensors will directly influence the market of automated sorting technology. The current focus is on simple and standardized solutions that use sensor technology within the wavelength of visible light. Chinese manufacturers, especially, play an increasingly important role in this development. To gain all this new scientific knowledge, a broad, sophisticated community of scientists with their institutes is necessary. All of them are connected via a global virtual science network. A key question is an understanding of the primary drivers and the outlook for a future infrastructure. Besides spectral information, one way to gain additional information about products is to combine them, e.g., with volume knowledge.

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