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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analytical chemistry|Toxicology'

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1

Kristovich, Robert Lee. "Chemistry and toxicology of respirable airborne particulates." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1100898370.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 260 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 242-260).
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2

Liang, Yuanling. "Utilization of a scientifically operated charge-coupled device detector for high-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282688.

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A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) separation system coupled with a scientifically operated charge-couple device detector (CCD) has been developed to improve the identification and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products and natural toxins. The combination of the fast, easy and high throughput properties of TLC, high speed, sensitivity, wide dynamic range of the CCD detector, and the high reproducibility and accuracy of the micro-nebulization sampler can be used to facilitate pharmaceutical industrial quality control and food industrial safety control. The applicati
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3

Jones, Juliet Ann. "Protein targets and metabolites of 1,1-dichloroethylene." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289989.

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Xenobiotics and their metabolites are capable of covalent modification of proteins that may lead to cellular injury. Determining the identity of modified proteins, however, has to date been hindered by available analytical instrumentation. Advances in mass spectrometry now allow for routine analysis of large biomolecules. This has given rise to the field of proteomics , which uses mass spectrometry in conjunction with various separation techniques to gain information about large numbers of proteins. This dissertation describes the development of a new proteomic methodology to identify unknown
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4

Poet, Torka Sue 1966. "Cocaine detection in hair: Effect of retroviral infection, age, morphine, and alcohol." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291477.

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Factors affecting the deposition of cocaine into hair and the relationships between those concentrations, survey questionnaire results and natural killer cell activities were investigated. First, two and 18 month old mice were infected with LP-BM5, injected with cocaine, and hair cocaine content measured. There was no difference in cocaine concentration between the age groups. Retrovirally infection mice had greater amounts of cocaine in their hair. Next, a group of mice were fed an ethanol diet and injected with cocaine. There was a decrease in cocaine recovered in the hair of the ethanol-fed
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5

Mézin, Laurent C. "Effects of humic acids and salinity on pesticide bioavailability and toxicity as estimated by SPME and toxicity tests." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616775.

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The interactive effects of humic acids (HAs) and salinity on the bioavailability and toxicity of the pesticides chlorpyrifos and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were investigated. The effects of various HAs on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos were initially assessed with the chronic MicrotoxRTM test. Environmentally relevant concentrations of Aldrich, Peat, Leonardite and Suwannee River HAs had no significant effect on the toxicity of either chlorpyrifos or copper (Cu), the test's positive control. as reductions in contaminant toxicity had previously been reported for some contaminants
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6

Palagama, Dilrukshika S. W. "Development of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methods for Identification and Quantification of Microcystins in Water and Biological Fluids, and their Removal from Water." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544703858711738.

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7

Baker, Daniel Lee 1970. "Interactions of beta-carotene with cigarette smoke in vitro." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282742.

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Recent intervention trials reported that smokers given dietary β-carotene supplementation were at increased risk of lung cancer and overall mortality. These results were unexpected based on previous observational epidemiology, which suggested β-carotene would decrease the onset of lung cancer in these individuals. The mechanism by which β-carotene supplementation results in increased lung cancer among smokers has yet to be defined. However, one proposed explanation is that β-carotene acts as a prooxidant in lungs exposed to cigarette smoke and exacerbates oxidative damage. This project has exa
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8

Paul, Richard. "New developments in analytical toxicology for the investigation of drug facilitated crime." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/new-developments-in-analytical-toxicology-for-the-investigation-of-drug-facilitated-crime(c2b2b4e3-b8c5-471f-bf3b-daca545d4afa).html.

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Drug facilitated assault (DFA) is an increasing problem in the UK. The crime often occurs through the surreptitious administration of a drug into a victims drink, rendering the victim unable to resist the assault. The detection of these drugs in a biological specimen from the victim is one of the most challenging facets of forensic chemistry. Drug concentrations can be very low, as often only a single dose is administered, and the pharmacodynamics of commonly employed drugs further hinders the testing process. The research presented in this work shows the development of several new assays for
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9

Swortwood, Madeleine Jean. "Comprehensive Forensic Toxicological Analysis of Designer Drugs." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/997.

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New designer drugs are constantly emerging onto the illicit drug market and it is often difficult to validate and maintain comprehensive analytical methods for accurate detection of these compounds. Generally, toxicology laboratories utilize a screening method, such as immunoassay, for the presumptive identification of drugs of abuse. When a positive result occurs, confirmatory methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), are required for more sensitive and specific analyses. In recent years, the need to study the activities of the
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10

Stice, Szabina A. "Speciation, Metabolism, Toxicity, and Protein-binding of Different Arsenic Species in Human Cells." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1203.

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Despite of its known toxicity and potential to cause cancer, arsenic has been proven to be a very important tool for the treatment of various refractory neoplasms. One of the promising arsenic-containing chemotherapeutic agents in clinical trials is Darinaparsin (dimethylarsinous glutathione, DMAIII(GS)). In order to understand its toxicity and therapeutic efficacy, the metabolism of Darinaparsin in human cancer cells was evaluated. With the aim of detecting all potential intermediates and final products of the biotransformation of Darinaparsin and other arsenicals, an analytical method employ
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11

Bartley, Amanda Nicole. "Aptamer-Based Assay For Detection Of Ochratoxin A." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3894.

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent mycotoxin found in a wide range of agricultural products that has been linked to mitochondrial damage and renal disease. The standard methods for OTA analysis currently rely on the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection or mass spectrometry. Toward a highthroughput analysis of OTA, a single-stranded DNA aptamer, modified with a fluorophore, coupled to a complementary sequence, modified with a FRET-based quencher that dissociates in the presence of the target toxin, is proposed. In order to integrate “target trapping
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12

Eckberg, Melanie N. "Forensic Toxicological Screening and Confirmation of 800+ Novel Psychoactive Substances by LC-QTOF-MS and 2D-LC Analysis." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3923.

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Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a great challenge to toxicologists due to the ability of illicit drug manufacturers to alter NPS chemical structures quickly and with ease to circumvent legislation regulating their use. Each time a new structure is introduced, there is a possibility that it has not been previously recorded in law enforcement or scientific databases. Many toxicology laboratories use targeted analytical methods that rely on libraries of known compounds to identify drugs in samples. However, these libraries do not include large numbers of NPS which could result in no
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13

Errico, Mary J. "The Cyclodextrin-Perfluorinated Surfactant Host-Guest Complex: Fundamental Studies for Potential Environmental Remediation and Therapeutic Applications." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3758.

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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are contaminants of emerging concern, and have been detected in drinking water, wildlife, humans, and the environment. Cyclodextrins (CDs), cyclic sugars composed of glucose monomers, are proposed as a potential remediation strategy. CDs can form host-guest complexes with hydrophobic molecules; this complexation could be capitalized on for PFAS removal and sequestration. These dissertation projects aim to study the fundamental host-guest interactions between a variety of PFASs and CDs for eventual applications in environmental and biological remediation. 1D an
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14

Fabregat, Safont David. "Application of advanced mass spectrometric techniques for the identification, metabolic characterisation and toxicological analysis of new psychoactive substances." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14104.2020.419068.

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This Doctoral Thesis presents an in-depth investigation on NPS from the analytical chemistry point of view, being structured in three blocks. The first is focused on the analytical characterisation of different compounds, as well as the development of novel analytical strategies for their determination. The second includes the application of different in vitro and in vivo models for assessing the metabolism, potency and pharmacokinetics properties of different NPS. Finally, the third presents an investigation about the use of NPS among teenagers. All the information presented in this Doctoral
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15

Novaes, Tereza Carlota Pires. "Bases metodológicas para abordagem da exposição ocupacional ao benzeno." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-01042014-110746/.

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Determinou-se a análise dos teores de benzeno em 74 amostras de solventes orgânicos industriais e produtos formulados como thinners e produtos gráficos, em amostras coletadas orientadamente em oito estados do país, com a finalidade de obter dados sobre a exposição ocupacional de trabalhadores. A análise conjunta dos resultados analíticos, das condições de trabalho encontradas e do mercado desses produtos, forneceu o subsídio técnico inicial para uma reflexão mais ampla de como atuar, via Química Analítica, em Saúde Ocupacional, garantindo critérios de confiabilidade analítica e eficácia para o
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16

Näslund, Matilda. "Dexametasons effekt på trombocytaggregering och syreradikalproduktion." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54197.

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<p>Platelets are important for the healing of damaged blood vessels since they have an importantpart to play in the coagulation process. At the same time, the blood must be kept fluid and notcoagulate at the wrong time. Therefore there are factors that effect the aggregation of plateletsin a positive or a negative way.</p><p>Previous investigations have shown that platelets during stirring conditions produce reactiveoxygen species (ROS) that weaken the inhibiting effect of nitric oxides (NO) on platelets andthat the drug Dexamethasone (Dex) can reduce the ROS-production.</p><p>The aim of this
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17

Williams, Burnett Mia Laverne. "Exploring the Multiplex Detection Capabilities of Raman Spectroscopy on Mock Street Samples Containing Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyls." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1580817621806717.

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18

Corcellas, i. Carramiñana Cayo-Eduard. "Estudi dels insecticides Piretroides en mostres biològiques i humanes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462848.

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Aquesta tesi pretén donar una visió general del comportament dels piretroides en el medi ambient i, concretament en la biota salvatge. A més, com a conseqüència directa d’això, també avalua l’exposició humana a aquests insecticides. Els piretroides són uns insecticides emprats molt comunament. El seu ús abasta des d’usos agraris i ramaders fins a domèstics. També s’han emprat sovint en control de plagues i Salut Pública, com ara amb el control de mosquits vectors de malalties com la malària o el dengue. Per últim, l’ús dels piretroides sobre els humans tampoc no és estrany, ja que les fórmu
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19

Anlind, Alice. "Improvments and evaluation of data processing in LC-MS metabolomics : for application in in vitro systems pharmacology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329971.

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The resistance of established medicines is rapidly increasing while the rate of discovery of new drugs and treatments have not increases during the last decades (Spiro et al. 2008). Systems pharmacology can be used to find new combinations or concentrations of established drugs to find new treatments faster (Borisy et al. 2003). A recent study aimed to use high resolution Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for in vitro systems pharmacology, but encountered problems with unwanted variability and batch effects(Herman et al. 2017). This thesis builds on this work by improving the pip
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20

Hopf, Nancy Brenna. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures in aluminum smelter and offshore workers." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1236105868.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.<br>Advisors: Glenn Talaska PhD (Committee Chair), Paul Succop PhD (Committee Member), Mary Beth Genter PhD (Committee Member), James Mack PhD (Committee Member), Tania Carreon PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed April 26, 2009). Keywords: PAC; Offshore; exposure; biomonitoring; aluminium. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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21

Peebles, Brian Christopher. "Pulmonary Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274902471.

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22

Pierre, Herma. "Mangiferin as a Biomarker for Mango Anthracnose Resistance." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2247.

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Mangos (Mangifera indica L.) are tropical/subtropical fruits belonging to the plant family Anacardiaceae. Anthracnose is the most deleterious disease of mango both in the field and during postharvest handling. It is most commonly caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex. Mangiferin, a xanthanoid compound found in at least twelve plant families worldwide (Luo et al., 2012), is present in large amounts of the leaves and edible mangos. Even though this compound plays a pivotal role in the plant’s defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, no correlations been made between the compo
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23

Souza, Erica Rodrigues de. "Avaliação do praguicida aldicarbe e seus produtos de transformação em matriz ambiental -- desenvolvimento e comparação de técnicas analíticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-26012017-172922/.

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Os praguicidas carbamatos surgiram na década de 70. Este grupo de substâncias possui atividade anticolinesterásica, com variado grau de toxicidade. São solúveis em água e termicamente instáveis. O praguicida aldicarbe faz parte do grupo dos carbamatos, sendo um metil carbamato de oxima. Contaminações de águas subterrâneas e superficiais pelo aldicarbe já foram demonstradas, devido a alta solubilidade deste composto em água e sua alta capacidade de lixiviação em solo. Este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para separação e quantificação de aldicarbe, aldicarbe sulfóxido e al
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24

Gudavalli, Dileep. "Measurement of selenite reduction to elemental selenium by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia OR02." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1377876956.

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25

Guo, Junhong. "Part I: Biological Activities and Cellular Metabolism of 4-Hydroxy-7-oxohept-5-enoate and 5-Hydroxy-8-oxo-6-octenoate LactonesPart II: Carboxyalkylpyrrole, Pentylpyrrole and 4-Oxo-heptanedioic Amide Derivatives of Ethanolamine Phospholipids and Proteins." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467829630.

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26

Shaik, Nabeel A. "Quantitative determination of selenite transformation by Enterobacter sp. YSU and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia OR02." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1329660008.

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27

Madhuri, Sumeda. "Polyamine Transformation by Bacterioplankton in Freshwater Ecosystems." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent150114771851742.

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28

Leufroy, Axelle. "Spéciation de l'arsenic dans les produits de la pêche par couplage HPLC/ICP-MS. Estimation de sa bioaccessibilité en ligne et applications à d'autres éléments traces métalliques d'intérêt." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00770330.

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L'arsenic est un élément présent dans tous les compartiments de l'environnement, et les produits de la pêche représentent une source majeure d'exposition à l'arsenic par le biais de l'alimentation. Même s'il n'existe pas à ce jour de législation sur les teneurs en arsenic dans les aliments en France, les agences gouvernementales évaluent généralement les risques liés à la présence d'arsenic dans les produits de la pêche en se basant essentiellement sur la concentration totale de l'élément, sans tenir compte des différentes espèces présentes ni de leur bioaccessibilité. Par conséquent, le dével
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29

Coutrim, Mauricio Xavier. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para a determinação de indicador biológico de exposição ao benzeno." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-17032015-132833/.

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Os limites de exposição ocupacional ao benzeno, um agente carcinogênico, vêm diminuindo drasticamente nos últimos anos. Por outro lado, a concentração de benzeno em ambientes não ocupacionais tem aumentado devido à emissão biogênica e antropogênica, como exaustão de motores a gasolina e fumaça de cigarro. Indicadores Biológicos de Exposição (IBE) são utilizados como ferramentas importantes na avaliação da exposição humana ao benzeno. Com a diminuição dos limites de exposição, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas com sensibilidade adequada para a determinação de IBE em
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30

Da, fonseca Clemens Stéphanie. "Spéciation du mercure dans les produits de la pêche par double dilution isotopique et chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à un spectromètre de masse à plasma induit (GC-ICP-MS)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00753697.

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Le mercure est un contaminant présent dans l'ensemble des compartiments de l'environnement et l'homme y est directement exposé via l'alimentation. Actuellement, les organismes gouvernementaux évaluent la sécurité des produits alimentaires en se basant essentiellement sur la concentration totale de cet élément. Cependant, la toxicité du mercure dépend, entre autre, de l'espèce absorbée (dont le méthylmercure, sa forme la plus toxique). Par conséquent, l'analyse de spéciation, c'est à dire la détection et quantification des différentes formes chimiques de cet élément, présente un intérêt croissa
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31

Lavoie, Lisa Marie Clark. "Chromatographic analysis of aliphatic amines, organic N-chloramines and dicarboxylic acids in drinking water." 1999. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9950180.

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Concerns over the production of disinfection by-products formed when drinking water is chlorinated that may be toxic to humans, has increased the interest in alternative disinfection procedures such as ozonation and chloramination. The research in this dissertation concerns the development of analytical methodologies for organic chloramines, that are formed during chloramination and chlorination, and dicarboxylic acids that are formed during oxidation processes especially ozonation. Organic chloramines may have detrimental human health effects and interfere with the measurement of inorganic ch
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32

"Analytical study of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and mechanism of their hepatotoxicity." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884356.

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Ruan, Jianqing.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-175).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Abstract also in Chinese.
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33

"Chemical stability of heavy metals in the bottom sediment of Bayou Trepagnier." Tulane University, 1996.

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The sediments of Bayou Trepagnier, at the western border of the La Branche wetlands, were contaminated with heavy metals in industrial waste water discharged before the Clean Water Act. Our study of the Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn content of sediments and associated pore waters at 27 sites along the bayou began in June of 1994. At the beginning of this study, cooling water and storm water runoff from the Shell Norco Manufacturing Complex entered the bayou at its headwaters. This effluent was diverted to the Mississippi River in late February of 1995 as required by the EPA. The effluent, which is warm a
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Place, Benjamin J. "Analytical method development for the identification, detection, and quantification of emerging environmental contaminants in complex matrices." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32606.

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The development of analytical methods for emerging contaminants creates many unique challenges for analytical chemists. By their nature, emerging contaminants have inherent data gaps related to their environmental occurrence, fate, and impact. This dissertation is a compilation of three studies related to method development for the structural identification of emerging contaminants, the detection and quantification of chemicals used in unprecedented quantities and applications, and the extraction of compounds from complex matrices where the solvent-solute-matrix interactions are not completely
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Rainey, Christina. "Identification of Tobacco-Related Compounds in Tobacco Products and Human Hair." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4979.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Analyses of tobacco products and their usage are well-researched and have implications in analytical chemistry, forensic science, toxicology, and medicine. As such, analytical methods must be developed to extract compounds of interest from tobacco products and biological specimens in order to determine tobacco exposure. In 2009, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. released a line of dissolvable tobacco products that are marketed as a smoking alternative. The dissolvables were extracted and prepared by ultrasonic extractions, derivatization, a
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