Relevant bibliographies by topics / Analytical instruments

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Analytical instruments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Analytical instruments"

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Murray, Royce. "Innovations in Analytical Instruments." Analytical Chemistry 63, no. 17 (September 1991): 825a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00017a600.

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Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on analytical instruments." Physics Today 59, no. 7 (July 2006): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405542.

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Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on Analytical Instruments." Physics Today 57, no. 7 (July 2004): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2408578.

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Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on Analytical Instruments." Physics Today 55, no. 8 (August 2002): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2409354.

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Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on Analytical Instruments." Physics Today 56, no. 8 (August 2003): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2409994.

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ROGERS, RONALD. "Perkin-Elmer jettisons analytical instruments." Chemical & Engineering News 77, no. 11 (March 15, 1999): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n011.p013a.

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Antonov, A. B. "Analytical Instruments of LECO Corporation." Nauka ta innovacii 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scin9.02.077.

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Stakhov, A. A. "Modern gas analytical medical instruments." Biomedical Engineering 25, no. 6 (November 1991): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00562570.

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Economou, A. S., G. J. Volikakis, and C. E. Efstathiou. "Virtual instrumentation for electro–analytical measurements." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 21, no. 2 (1999): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924699000061.

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This paper deals with some applications of Virtual Instrumentation to electroanalytical measurements. Virtual Instruments (VIs) are software programmes that simulate the external appearance and functions of a real instrument on the screen of a computer. In this work, programmes have been developed to control the potential of a working electrode (through a suitable potentiostat), acquire the current response, process the acquired current signal, and control a peristaltic pump and injection valve. The sequence of operations was controlled by the VI. The programmes developed have been applied to amperometric and voltammetric measurements in static and flowing solutions. The Vl package that has been used was Lab VIEW 4.0.1 from National Instruments.
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Ozana, Veronika, and Karel Hruška. "Instrumental analytical tools for mycobacteria characterisation." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 4 (August 29, 2021): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2021-cjfs.

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Mycobacteria in drinking water and in the water of swimming pools, whirlpools, hydrotherapy facilities and aquaria contribute significantly to human exposure to triggers of immune regulated chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Technological elements of water distribution systems, especially their inner surface, taps, shower heads and blind spots where sediments settle, affect the number of mycobacteria in the water. The review presents the possibilities of using analytical instruments for rapid determination of mycobacteria and for their typing as an alternative to classical culture and a method of monitoring specific nucleic acid sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Information about the use of flow cytometry (FCM), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry, Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy and biosensors are presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Analytical instruments"

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Sweedler, Jonathan VanSyckle. "The use of charge transfer device detectors and spatial interferometry for analytical spectroscopy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184683.

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The research described in this dissertation conclusively demonstrates the superior qualitative and quantitative performance of spectroscopic systems which employ a new class of optical detectors--charge transfer device (CTD) detectors. An overview of the operation and characteristics of these detectors, as well as theoretical models predicting their performance are presented. The evaluation of a unique prototype single element CID detector, a commercially available linear CCD detector, and a prototype two-dimensional CCD detector are described. Outstanding characteristics include the ability of the single element CID to quantitate photon fluxes ranging over eleven orders of magnitude, a quantum efficiency of the linear CCD in excess of 90%, and a read noise of the two-dimensional CCD of under 5 electrons. In addition, the use of the linear CCD for molecular fluorescence spectroscopy is demonstrated. A direct comparison of CCD and CID detection for atomic emission spectroscopy using a custom echelle system is described. The second part of these investigations focus on the design of spectrometers compatible with the format of these multichannel detectors. While a large number of spectrometer designs exist, the spectrometer and detector combination which produces the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) spectra for a given experimental system is almost always desired. The investigations into optimum spectrometer design have led to the use of a unique spatial interferometer system. The performance of a common path interferometer using a linear charge-coupled device detectors is presented and compared to conventional dispersive systems. The throughput, resolution, and other practical factors are discussed. The common path system has a much larger light gathering ability compared to dispersive systems; however, spatial interferometry suffers from the multiplex disadvantages encountered with other forms of UV/Vis interferometry. A unique crossed interferometric dispersive arrangement allows the simultaneous acquisition of the spectral information while greatly reducing these multiplex disadvantages. Preliminary work on the crossed interferometric system is presented demonstrating significant reduction of these multiplex disadvantages.
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Zhang, Boyu. "Mathematical rhythmic structure of Chinese percussion music : an analytical study of Shifan Luogu collections /." Turku : Turun Yliopisto, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38877189v.

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Шитко, О. П. "Удосконалення аналітичного інструментарію інтерпретації результатів фінансової політики." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62178.

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Прискорення глобалізаційних процесів та інтеграції України до світового фінансового простору вимагає впровадження сучасного інформаційного забезпечення аналізу фінансової політики, розробки нових підходів до її оцінки та інструментів для коригування стійкості фінансової системи в бік зміцнення.
The acceleration of globalization processes and Ukraine's integration into the world financial space requires the introduction of modern information support for the analysis of financial policy, the development of new approaches to its evaluation and tools for adjusting the stability of the financial system towards strengthening.
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Wood, James J. "A Historical and Analytical Examination of the Stravinsky Octet for Wind Instruments, with a Guide to Performance Preparation of the Two Trumpet Parts." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3593.

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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2007.
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by recitals, recorded Mar. 22, 1999, Nov. 29, 1999, and Sept. 11, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
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Garnyk, Liudmyla Petrivna, Y. P. Vitkovskyi, I. I. Snihurova, and O. O. Mishchenko. "Guanxi: Chinese social networks building in prism of international economic relations." Thesis, ВД "Гельветика", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/49189.

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McCallum, Kirstie. "Instrumental developments in analytical single bubble sonoluminescence." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404615.

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Holmes, James R. "Development of Operational and Teaching Software for a Complex Analytical Instrument Using Virtual Instrument Technology." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13792.

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It is not always possible to provide students and new users of complex instrumentation with sufficient hands-on use to fully develop the required knowledge of the instrument. Access may also be limited when there is a need to develop data collection and processing procedures. One solution to this problem is to develop a simulation of the instrument in readily accessible computer software. Modern computer-based technology allows traditional instrumentation to be replaced with Virtual Instruments consisting of digital control/acquisition hardware and software that graphically represents the functions of the physical instrument.In this thesis, operating and analysis software to simulate the operation of complex analytical instrumentation was successfully developed using a numerical model of the instrument. The approach will reduce the need for machine time for operator training and the development of data collection processing procedures. In particular the thesis developed software to emulate the behaviour of a VG-354 Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometer. Graphical programming tools were employed to create a modular set of Virtual Instruments that formed the basis of the model. The Simulated Mass Spectrometer produced results that compared well with real data obtained from the physical instrument.Virtual Instrument peak centring and measurement modules were then developed to operate the Simulated Mass Spectrometer in peak jumping mode. Uncertainties were reduced with improved analysis techniques employing polynomial least-squares fits for peak centring and single-collector isotope ratio measurements. The techniques also have the potential to accommodate hysteresis effects in the magnetic sector analyser, further reducing uncertainty.
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Webb, Douglas P. "Intelligent autonomous inductively coupled plasma instrumental operation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0010/NQ30413.pdf.

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Rossi, Maura Vincenza. "Aspectos teóricos e experimentais do uso do EDTA tetraneutralizado como titulante em determinações complexométricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-05072018-100829/.

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O presente trabalho, teve como objetivo, dar continuidade ao estudo apresentado na forma de dissertação de mestrado, utilizando a complexona EDTA, totalmente \"neutralizada\". na forma de Y4-. Na titulação de íons metálicos, a hidrólise acentuada deste ânion, Y4-, causa um aumento marcante de pH após o ponto estequiométrico. Esta variação de pH pode ser acompanhada potenciometricamente, utilizando um eletrodo de vidro, ou visualmente com um indicador ácido/base como a fenolftaleina, em substituição a indicadores metalocrômicos. Uma série de parâmetros foram considerados na preparação do reagente, sua armazenagem e padronização bem como os problemas ligados a percentagem de \"neutralização\". Vários equilíbrios foram considerados no desenvolvimento de um programa em linguagem BASIC, para interpretar a curva teórica da titulação de Mg2+ com EDTA \"tetraneutralizado\", na qual participam também espécies como MgHY-, antes do ponto estequiométrico. Um método complexométrico rápido e preciso foi desenvolvido com este titulante para determinar Mg2+ e SO42- simultaneamente (este por método indireto para o excesso de íons Ba2+) com viabilidade para ser aplicado em água do mar e em concentrados salinos. O método mostrou-se adequado, também, para a determinação da mistura Ca2+ e Mg2+, em substituição ao método clássico com tampão e indicador metalocrômico, eriocromo T.
This thesis has the purpose to give continuity to a former study from the master dissertation, about the use of the complexon EDTA, totally \"neutralized\", as the species Y4-. During the titration of metallic cations the marked hydrolysis of the y4- anion causes a marked pH increase after the stoichiometric point. This change of pH can be followed potentiometrically with the glass electrode or by visual end point indication by on acid/base indicator as phenolphtalein instead of metalochromic indicators. A serie of parameters were considered in the preparation of the titrant, its storage and standardization as well as problems related with the percent neutraIization\". Equilibria were considered and used in a computer program in BASIC language in order to interpret the theoretical titration curve. The species MgHY- was found in significant contribution before the end point. A fast and precise complexometric method was developed with this titrant for Mg2+ and SO42- simultaneously (this last by titration of excess of standard Ba2+ solution). The method has been found adequate to determine mixture of Ca2+ and Mg2+ instead of the classic method which uses a buffer and eriochrome T as indicator.
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Tang, Xiaoting. "New analytical tools for systems biology." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/x_tang_081706.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Analytical instruments"

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Handbook of Analytical Instruments. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2007.

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Wrotnowski, Cort. The new generation of analytical instruments. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1998.

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Yilbas, B. S. Laser heating applications: Analytical modelling. Waltham, MA: Elsevier, 2012.

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Yilbas, B. S. Laser heating applications: Analytical modelling. Waltham, MA: Elsevier, 2012.

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McMahon, Gillian. Analytical instrumentation: A guide to laboratory, portable and miniaturized instruments. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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Analytical and biographical writings in percussion music. New York: P. Lang, 1989.

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Wrotnowski, Cort. The state of major U.S. analytical instruments: Spectrometers, chromatographs, microscopes, other. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1996.

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International, Strategic Directions. Preclinical development: Analytical instrument opportunities and challenges in preclinical drug development. Los Angeles: Strategic Directions International, 2004.

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Gu, Xijia. Retroreflectivity of pavement markings--: An analytical and experimental study of measurement instruments. Ontario: Research and Development Branch, Ministry of Transportation, 1994.

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Holland, Philip W. An inexpensive, weatherproof, temperature-controlled cabinet for housing analytical instrumentation. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Analytical instruments"

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Röman, Jan R. M. "Exotic Instruments." In Analytical Finance: Volume II, 491–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52584-6_18.

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Röman, Jan R. M. "Financial instruments." In Analytical Finance: Volume II, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52584-6_1.

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Röman, Jan R. M. "Trading Financial Instruments." In Analytical Finance: Volume I, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34027-2_1.

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Röman, Jan R. M. "Pricing Exotic Instruments." In Analytical Finance: Volume II, 677–713. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52584-6_26.

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Röman, Jan R. M. "Interest Rate Instruments." In Analytical Finance: Volume II, 47–164. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52584-6_4.

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Röman, Jan R. M. "A Model for Exotic Instruments." In Analytical Finance: Volume II, 655–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52584-6_24.

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Carr-Brion, K. G. "Analytical instruments for process control." In Instrumentation: A Reader, 91–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2263-4_11.

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Down, Randy D. "Portable Versus Stationary Analytical Instruments." In Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook, 237–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471473332.ch11.

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Zharov, Vladimir P., and Vladilen S. Letokhov. "Analytical Characteristics of Optoacoustic Instruments." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 122–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39492-1_6.

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Huntjens, Patrick. "Analytical Instruments for Studying TSEI." In Towards a Natural Social Contract, 125–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67130-3_5.

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AbstractThe findings from literature in the previous chapters have been brought together in a conceptual framework (see Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-67130-3_3#Sec13) and an analytical framework for Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (Sect. 5.1). It’s main purpose is to study the dynamic interplay between actors and institutional structures influencing and inducing institutional change. This chapter furthermore provides a further operationalization of the TSEI analytical framework for analysing shifts in power dynamics (Sect. 5.2), by investigating a series or cluster of closely related action situations and mapping how power dynamics change. An example of TSEI-framework application is provided in Sect. 6.6. Finally, Sect. 5.3 provides a framework for analysing different levels of collective learning, which is considered as one of the key variables for studying the outputs of TSEI. Finally, this chapter highlights some important insights on collaborative action research and related methods (Sect. 5.4).
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Conference papers on the topic "Analytical instruments"

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Song, Jianbo, Lei Zhang, Wenbo Chi, and Xinyun Zhang. "Study on the application of mathematic analytical methods in signal distortion measurement by digitizing means." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274020.

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Zhou Fangjun, Wang Yuemin, Shen Chuanjun, and Sun Fengrui. "Numerical calculation of guided wave disperse curve in helix wire based on semi-analytical finite element method." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2011.6038008.

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Luo, Qiang, Jianguo Cui, Hongpeng Lv, Weiping Sun, and Chao Liang. "A method based on analytical expression to study echo laser pulse." In International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology 2017: Optical Systems and Modern Optoelectronic Instruments, edited by Liquan Dong, Yongtian Wang, Baohua Jia, and Kimio Tatsuno. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2292727.

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Oller-Moreno, Sergio, Antonio Pardo, Juan Manuel Jimenez-Soto, Josep Samitier, and Santiago Marco. "Adaptive Asymmetric Least Squares baseline estimation for analytical instruments." In 2014 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd.2014.6808837.

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Black, R. Steven, Aaron J. Hussey, and Randall L. Bickford. "Instrument Health Monitoring for Extending Calibration Intervals of Safety Related Instruments." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60102.

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The ability to extend calibration intervals for nuclear plant instrumentation has multiple benefits for improving productivity and reducing operating costs at nuclear plants. Benefits include fewer calibrations inside containment during an outage and associated reduced critical path time and ALARA exposure, reduced risk of calibration error or instrument damage during removal and replacement, and reduced operations and maintenance cost for instrument removal, calibration and replacement. A good instrument calibration program ensures instruments are checked frequently enough to provide a high level of confidence that they are performing within acceptable limits, but no more frequently. Over-testing of plant instruments and equipment should be avoided for two reasons: valuable resources are expended on maintenance that might not measurably improve plant safety, reliability, or efficiency; and the potential exists for adjustment errors or equipment damage each time an instrument is removed from service for testing. Over-testing increases the risk of errors or damage being introduced without a justifiable improvement in reliability. This paper discusses the regulatory framework for extending calibration intervals of safety related instruments for U.S. based nuclear power plants. Necessary changes to licensing, plant processes and procedures, training, and configuration management are summarized. An example application of pattern recognition modeling is provided to highlight the analytical support for the processes provided by active monitoring to confirm on-going instrument heath. The paper concludes with a listing of recommended steps to implement a practical program for extending calibration intervals of safety related instruments within the U.S. nuclear regulatory environment.
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Fomani, Arash A., Luis F. Velasquez-Garcia, and Akintunde I. Akinwande. "A low-voltage high-pressure field ionizer for portable analytical instruments." In 2013 26th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2013.6624740.

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Jingjing, Zhang, and Qiao Xiaolin. "Progress on Ion Beam Modulation Technique for Time-Dependent Analytical Instruments." In 2010 First International Conference on Pervasive Computing, Signal Processing and Applications (PCSPA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pcspa.2010.196.

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Sabau, Adrian S., and Wallace D. Porter. "Analytical Models for the Systematic Errors of Differential Scanning Calorimetry Instruments." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56745.

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Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements are routinely used to determine enthalpies of phase change, phase transition temperatures, glass transition temperatures, and heat capacities. In order to obtain data on the amount of phases during phase change, time-temperature lags, which are inherent to the measurement process, must be estimated through a computational analysis. An analytical model is proposed for the systematic error of the instrument. Numerical simulation results are compared against experimental data obtained at different heating and cooling rates.
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Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, Shyh-Shiuh Lih, Xiaoqi Bao, and Stewart Sherrit. "Ferroelectric based multiple radiations source for in situ multifunctional analytical instruments." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Eric Udd and Daniele Inaudi. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.598930.

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AUDINOT, Jean-Nicolas. "Magnetic sector SIMS system for advanced analytical capabilities on FIB instruments." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.1444.

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Reports on the topic "Analytical instruments"

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Law, C. K. Acquisition of Analytical Instruments for Combustion Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada214495.

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Daniel, J. L., and H. E. Kjarmo. Shielded analytical instruments for characterization of highly radioactive materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5569834.

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Crum, Jarrod, Ryan Kissinger, Scott Cooley, Joshua Silverstein, John Vienna, Dong-Sang Kim, and Derek Cutforth. Low-Activity Waste Glass Standards Preparation and Characterization for Calibration of Analytical Instruments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1810475.

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Carvalho, Rita, João Tavares, and Liliana Sousa. Instruments for assessing loneliness in older people in Portugal: a Scoping Review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0002.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the instruments validate for the Portuguese older population (65+ years old) that assess loneliness; and to identify their psychometric properties and contexts where they have been in use. The questions for this scoping review are: What are the validated instruments for Portugal that assess loneliness in the older individuals? What are the psychometric properties of those instruments? In which contexts were the loneliness assessment instruments used? Eligibility criteria: Participants – This scoping review will consider all studies that included older adults with 65 years and over. Concept – This review will be included studies that assess loneliness or cover loneliness by validated instruments that address different dimensions, including, but not limited to, emotional or social. Context – This scoping review will consider studies that used validated instruments the loneliness in Portuguese older adults including, but not limited to the context of community, intermediate care, long-term care or acute care. Types of sources - This scoping review will consider quantitative and mixed-method studies. In the quantitative designs include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and analytical observational studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and analytical cross-sectional studies will be considered for inclusion. This review will also consider descriptive observational study designs including case series, individual case reports, and descriptive cross-sectional studies for inclusion.
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Warkander, Dan E. Unmanned Test and Evaluation of the Teledyne Analytical Instruments R-10DN Oxygen Sensor for Use in the MK 16 Mod 1 Underwater Breathing Apparatus. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448759.

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Wittmann, Florian, Florian Roth, Miriam Hufnagl, Ralf Lindner, and Merve Yorulmaz. Towards a framework for impact assessment for mission-oriented innovation policies. A formative toolbox approach. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.540.

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Mission-oriented policies (MOIP) have become important means to foster transformative change in many countries. Yet, approaches for assessing these policies' impacts are still in their infancy, not least due to the complexity of MOIP. To address this gap, we propose a toolbox approach that supports policy-makers during policy design and implementation, and allows for an identification of potential impacts by a theory-based approach. To disentangle the complexity of missions, we first conceptualize MOIPs as multiple translation processes from mission formulation and design to implementation. Each translation step shapes the policies' impacts. Based on this framework, we develop a set of specific analytical tools that are intended to support the process of bringing missions into realization, but also help to assess whether missions contribute to the postulated goals. These tools include a mapping of the socio-technical systems, a typology to explore the transformative ambition of missions, a process to develop impact pathways, an inventory of policy instruments to support the mission design, and indicators to measure mission progress along the developed pathways. Finally, we propose several analytical questions to explore the context for the development of potential impacts.
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7

Hsue, S. T., M. Collins, R. Cole, J. Jr Sprinkle, G. Walton, M. Miyauchi, H. Okamoto, and S. Okazaki. Hybrid instrument development for an analytical laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/378835.

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8

Elam, W. T., D. Newman, and F. Ziemba. Algorithms for a hand-held miniature x-ray fluorescence analytical instrument. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/563864.

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9

Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.
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10

Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.

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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
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