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1
Cheng, Mang-kong, and 鄭孟剛. "Analytical models for wind power investment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752725.
Full textAbstract:
Wind power generation has experienced an explosive growth worldwide. It is a
promising renewable energy source to countries that are short of fossil fuels, e.g. China.
While wind power is a distinctive direction to go for, it is still necessary to examine the
rationale behind such investing mania, and this thesis analyzes the issue by collectively
investment modeling.
For investment analysis, it is necessary to first identify the relevant market
background before inferring to any analytical model. Chapter 2 identifies a number of
wind power investment scenarios in accordance to modern electricity market regime,
primarily American and European structures. Among them, two main scenarios are
investigated and modeled subsequently: fixed tariff wind power project invested by
independent power producer and wind power project undertaken by utility. It has to be
emphasized that different market scenarios would lead to different modeling
methodologies for best representing the reality.
Wind power is intermittent and uncertain. One way to describe the probabilistic
energy production is by statistical characterization of wind power in a period of time.
Chapter 3 presents a standalone analytical model of the wind power probability
distribution and its higher order statistics. Large-scale deployment of wind power would
influence power system in unprecedented ways. High penetration wind power poses a
need of refinement to existing methodologies on production costing and reliability
evaluation. The applications of the probabilistic wind power model to these topics are
outlined in this chapter.
In Chapter 4, investment of fixed tariff wind power project is analyzed. Operation
of wind farm is very passive and as long as wind keeps blowing, such wind power
investment has minimal risk in annual revenue. The low-risk profile facilitates debt
financing. This leads to the attempt to manipulate the project capital structure to
maximize the project levered value. Yet the default probability is raised and associated
with a subjective value of default probability there is a value-at-risk debt level. I therefore
propose an optimization formulation to maximize the wind power project valuation with
debt as decision variable subject to the value-at-risk debt constraint.
Apart from independent wind power producers, many policy and market factors
driving wind power development are actually put on the utility side, e.g. Renewable
Portfolio Standard (Renewable Energy Target) in U.S. (Europe) and Green Power
Programs. It implies that utility has to have wind power (or other renewable) capacity
ready by a certain date. In practice, utility may take action earlier if conditions are
favorable or optimal. The conditions considered here are fossil fuel prices or in more
general setting, electricity contract prices. Define the total fuel cost saving from
conventional units as the benefit of wind power. If fuel prices are high enough,
substituting load demand by wind energy is profitable, vice versa. The investment
decision is analogous to premature exercising of an American option, in which the wind
power project is modeled as real option. Chapter 5 offers detailed formulation of this idea.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Electrical and Electronic Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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ZHANG, SHAN. "Analytical system for photovoltaic and concentratingsolar power generation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16174.
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Energy is the material foundation of human survival and development. Throughout human industrialization process, the fossil energy has made tremendous contributions in the progress of human civilization, economic and social development. For a long time, the development of human energy use patterns makes fossil fuels rapidly depleted and the consequences of environmental deterioration by this pattern lead to the severe challenge for mankind. Many countries start paying more attention to develop the new energy. The solar electricity production system is one of the main new energy power generations. The thesis is a guide of principle for solar power generation system. It focuses on comparisons between photovoltaic and concentrating solar power generations and analysis of their market prospects. The merits and demerits of these two systems will also be pointed out in this thesis.
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Johnson, Gregory Howard. "Analytical modeling of single-event burnout of power transistors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185988.
Full textAbstract:
When electronic components are to be used in systems destined for operation in the extraterrestrial environment, one must be concerned about the effects of the naturally occurring radiation in outer space. For example, power metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and power bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are susceptible to a phenomenon called single-event burnout (SEB) which may result from bombardment by heavy ions originating from the nuclear reactions within the sun and other stars. SEB is a catastrophic failure mechanism initiated by the passage of a heavy ion through sensitive regions of the power MOSFET or power BJT. The main thrust of this dissertation is an analytical model describing the device-related aspects of the SEB mechanism. Physical device parameters such as doping concentrations, dimensions of various regions, and operating bias are related to SEB by the model. It is shown that the model predicts a decrease in the SEB susceptibility with a decrease in the internal base resistance (in the power BJT or parasitic BJT in the power MOSFET structure), a decrease in the operating bias, or an increase in the ambient device temperature. These findings are then qualitatively verified with experimental data.
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Eggborn, Timothy. "Analytical Models to Predict Power Harvesting with Piezoelectric Materials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32981.
Full textAbstract:
With piezoceramic materials, it is possible to harvest power from vibrating structures. It has been proven that micro- to milliwatts of power can be generated from vibrating systems. We develop definitive, analytical models to predict the power generated from a cantilever beam and cantilever plate. Harmonic oscillations and random noise will be the two different forcing functions used to drive each system. The predictive models are validated by being compared to experimental data. A parametric study is also performed in an attempt to optimize the cantilever beam systemâ s power generation capability.<br>Master of Science
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Chan, Ting. "Analytical methods for power monitoring and control in an underwater observatory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6053.
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Sternberger, Ronny. "Analytical modelling and controller design of a multilevel STATCOM." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25797.
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Ebrahimpour, Mohammad Reza. "An analytical study of the power flow equations with applications to systems with multiple close solutions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15746.
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Shaheen, Momtaz. "Analytical model of an n+-p-p+ concentrator solar cell." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539622.
Full textAbstract:
Concentrator solar cells operate under the conditions of non-uniform illumination and varying spectral content of incident sunlight. To predict the performance of such cells, an analytical model must account for varying carrier photogeneration rates within the cell. Further, the back surface junction fabricated to reduce recombination at the back contact must be included in the analysis.Most models of n+-p-p+ cells assume uniform generation rates within individual layers. In this study, a one-dimensional n+-p-p+ concentrator solar cell is modeled for all levels of illumination of incident sunlight. The photocarrier generation rate is considered as non-uniform in each layer of the cell. An absorption model is incorporated to permit the application for various spectral mixes of incident sunlight. The model also includes the effects of finite surface recombination velocities at the surfaces. Carrier transport equations for the three layers of the cell are developed and solved for the excess carrier concentrations under the assumptions of the model. Junction current density-voltage relationships for the two junctions of the cell are derived. The use of the current density equations in the evaluation of cell performance is discussed.<br>Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Zhang, Wei. "Reliability evaluation of bulk power systems using analytical and equivalent approaches." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0014/NQ37927.pdf.
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Kundy, Beda Jerome. "Probabilistic analytical methods for evaluating MV distribution networks including voltage regulating devices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52414.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Accurate load models are required for the computation of load flows in MV distribution
networks. Modem microprocessors in recent times enable researchers to sample and log
domestic loads. The findings show that they are stochastic in nature and are best described
by a beta probability distribution. .
In rural areas two different load types may be present. Such loads are domestic and pump
loads, the latter may be modelled as constant P - Q loads. An analytical tool for computing
voltage regulation on MV distribution networks for rural areas feeding the mentioned loads
is therefore required. The statistical evaluation of the consumer voltages requires a
description of load currents at the time of the system maximum demand. To obtain overall
consumer voltages at any specified risk for the two types of the loads, the principle of
superposition is adopted.
The present work deals with conventional 22kV three-phase distribution (te:. - te:.) connected
networks as used by ESKOM, South Africa. As the result of the connected load, MV
networks can experience poor voltage regulation. To solve the problem of voltage regulation,
voltage regulators are employed. The voltage regulators considered are step-voltage
regulators, capacitors and USE (Universal Semiconductor Electrification) devices. USE
devices can compensate for the voltage drops of up to 35% along the MV distribution
network, thus the criteria for the application of the USE devices is also investigated. The
load currents are treated as signals when assessing the cost of distribution system over a
period of time due to power losses. The individual load current signal is modelled by its
mean and standard deviation.
The analytical work for developing general expressions of the total real and total imaginary
components of branch voltage drops and line power losses in single and three-phase
networks without branches are presented. To deal with beta-distributed currents on MV
distribution networks, new scaling factors are evaluated at each node. These new scaling
factors are derived from the distribution transformer turns ratio and the deterministic
component of the statistically distributed load currents treated as constant real power loads.
In the case of an individual load current signal, the transformation ratio is evaluated from the
distribution transformer turns ratio and the average value of the· signal treated as constant
real power load.
The evaluation of the consumer voltage percentile values can be accurately evaluated up to
35% voltage drop. This is possible by the application of the expanded Taylor series, using
the first three terms. The coefficients of these three terms were obtained using a search
engine imbedded in the probabilistic load flow. The general expressions for evaluating the
overall consumer voltages due to statistical and non-statistical loads currents are also given.
These non-statistical currents may be due to constant P - Q loads, line capacitance and the
modeling of voltage regulators.
The Newton-Raphson algorithm is applied to perform a deterministic load flow on singlephase
networks. A backward and forward sweep algorithm is applied to perform a
deterministic load flow on single and three-phase systems. A new procedure for modelling
step-voltage regulators in three-phase (te:. - te:.) connected networks is outlined. Specifying a
transformation ratio of 1.1 and 1.15 respectively, identifies the open-delta or closed-delta
configuration for three-phase networks. The algorithms and the developed general expressions for single and three-phase networks
without branches are presented in this work. A new algorithm is developed to enable the
developed general expressions to be applied to practical MV distribution networks. The
algorithms were tested for their accuracy by comparing the analytical results with Monte
Carlo simulation and they compared well. An illustrative example to show the application of
the present work on a practical MY distribution networks is presented. A criterion for the
application of the USE devices is outlined.
It is anticipated that, the work presented in this thesis will be invaluable to those involved in
the design of MY distribution systems in developing countries.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Akkurate lasrnodelle word benodig vir drywingsvloei analises in MV distribusiestelsels. As
gevolg van nuwe digitale verwerkers is dit deesdae moontlik om huishoudelike laste te
monitor. Die lasdata dui daarop dat laste stochasties is en kan met behulp van die Beta
verdeling beskryf word.
In landelike gebiede is daar twee tipes laste. Hulle is eendersyds huishoudelike laste en
andersyds pomp-tipe laste wat as konstante P-Q laste beskou kan word. Dit is dus belangrik
om toepaslike analitiese metodes te gebruik om die spanningsvalle by hierdie laste te
bereken met inagname van die las-tipes. By die statistiese berekening van die verbruiker se
spanning moet 'n statistiese model van die lasstroom verskaf word op die tydstip van
maksimum aanvraag. Daarna moet die prinsiep van superposissie gebruik word om die
spannings by verskeie nodes by 'n gespesifiseerde vertrouensinterval te bepaal.
Hierdie proefskrif is gebaseer op konvensionele 22kV, drie fase distribusie (delta na delta)
netwerke, soos deur Eskom, Suid Afrika gebruik. Hierdie stelsels ondervind dikwels
nadelige spanningsvlakke en spanningsreëlaars word derhalwe aangewend. Hierdie reëlaars
is gewoonlik van tap-tipe of daar kan ook gebruik gemaak word van kapasitore en ook
elektroniese reëlaars soos die USE tipe toestelle. Laasgenoemde kan op LV vir
spanningsvalle tot 35% kompenseer. In hierdie werk word die werkdrywing verliese in die
geleiers bereken met behulp 'n seinmodel van die lasstrome. Die individuele lasstrome word
by wyse van gemiddeldes en variasies beskryf.
Om die algemene algoritmes vir die berekening van die reële en imaginêre spanningsvalle,
asook die verliese in enkelfase en driefase stelsels daar te stel word aanvanklik gebruik
gemaak van stelsels sonder vertakkings. Om die statistiese lasbeskrywing op die
laagspanningskant na die MV vlak oor te dra word van nuwe skaalfaktore gebruik gemaak.
Hierdie faktore word bereken op die basis van die transformator se verhouding en die
deterministiese komponent van die statistiese verspreide lasstrome, as konstante reële
drywingslaste beskou.
Met die ontwikkelde metode kan die verbruiker se spanning by 'n gegewe vertrouensinterval
akkuraat bereken word vir spanningsvalle tot 35%. Dit word moontlik gemaak deur die
Taylor-reeks tot drie terme toe te pas. Daar moet egter gebruik gemaak word van toepaslike
koëffisiënte
wat bepaal word deur 'n geprogrammeerde soektog. 'n Algemene stel vergelykings om die
spanning by enige verbruiker te bereken, ongeag die topologie van die netwerk, word ook
gegee.
Die Newton-Raphson metode word aangewend om die deterministiese drywingsvloei op
enkelfase stelsels te bereken. A truwaartse-voorwaartse metode is gebruik om die
drywingsvloei te bepaal vir driefase stelsels. 'n Nuwe prosedure is ontwikkel vir die
modellering van die spanningsreëlaars in driefase, delta-delta netwerke. Deur gebruik te
maak van 'n transformatorverhouding van 1.1 of 1.15 kan die oop-delta of toe-delta
netwerke voorgestel word.
'n Nuwe algoritme is ontwikkelom multi-vertakkings in 'n netwerk te hanteer. Al die
prosedures is deeglik met behulp van Monte Carlo simulasies getoets en die resultate is heel
bevredigend. Om die metodes te illustreer word 'n gevallestudie ingesluit waar die metodes
gebruik word om 'n netwerk te evalueer met en sonder die sogenaamde USE toestelle.
Kriteria vir die aanwending van hierdie toerusting word voorgestel. Daar word verwag dat die werk soos in hierdie proefskrifuiteengesit is die ontwerp van MV
distribusiestelsels, veral in ontwikkelende lande, heelwat sal verbeter.
11
Pesavento, Elena. "Analytical evaluation and application of tests for cointegration /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984808.
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Goates, Caleb Burley. "Analytical Expressions for Acoustic Radiation Modes of Simple Curved Structures." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7494.
Full textAbstract:
The search for a convenient connection between vibration patterns on a structure and the sound radiated from that structure is ongoing in structural acoustics literature. Common techniques are wavenumber domain methods, or representation of the vibration in terms of some basis, such as structural modes or elementary radiators, and calculating the sound radiation in terms of the basis. Most choices for a basis in this situation exhibit strong coupling between the basis functions, but there is one choice which does not: Acoustic radiation modes are by definition the basis that orthogonalizes the radiation operator, meaning the radiation modes do not exhibit any coupling in radiation of sound.Acoustic radiation modes are coming up on their 30th anniversary in the literature, but still have not found wide use. This is largely due to the fact that most radiation modes must be calculated through the computationally intensive boundary element method or boundary integral equations. Analytical expressions for radiation modes, or for the radiation resistance matrix from which they are derived, are only available for a few geometries. This thesis meets this problem head on, to develop additional analytical expressions for radiation resistance matrices of cylindrically curved structures.Radiation modes are developed in the context of their use to calculate sound power. Experimental and computational sound power calculations are presented in order to validate the use of the modes developed here. In addition, the properties and trends of the developed modes are explored.
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Ng, Chi-wai Vincent. "Managing power, conflict and change : an analytical model for construction contract procurement /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36845334.
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Ng, Chi-wai Vincent, and 伍志偉. "Managing power, conflict and change: an analytical model for construction contract procurement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015594.
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Swanson, Karl. "Analytical modeling of thermal storage systems for high power density portable electronics." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460783.
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Brossier, Pierre. "Combined analytical and empirical modelling of power losses in rolling element bearings." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI081.
Full textAbstract:
Le développement de l’industrie du transport conduit la conception de transmissions mécaniques de puissance toujours plus légères et efficientes. Les composants de ces transmissions doivent supporter des efforts transmis dans des environnements de plus en plus restreints. Du fait que les carters soient devenus de plus en plus compacts, les systèmes de refroidissement se sont aussi complexifiés. C’est dans ce contexte que les paliers à roulement, plus communément appelés roulements, doivent produire moins de chaleur, opérer dans des espaces plus proches des engrènements, tout en ayant des durées de vie plus grandes. Le calcul des pertes énergétiques des roulements est essentiel pour quantifier la quantité d’huile à injecter pour refroidir ces composants. L’objectif de cette étude est donc de fournir des outils pour modéliser les pertes dans les roulements et leur comportement thermique. Dans un premier temps, une analyse bibliographique a été menée sur les pertes de puissance dans les roulements, incluant des modèles locaux et globaux de pertes de puissance. Un banc d’essais dédié a été utilisé afin d’analyser les puissances dissipées et la thermique de roulements à billes à gorge profonde. Les influences de la vitesse de rotation, du chargement, de la température d’injection, du débit d’huile injecté, des techniques de lubrification ont été examinées. Les modèles globaux précédemment investigués ont été comparés aux données expérimentales. Enfin, un modèle thermique a été développé pour comprendre l’influence des transferts de chaleur dans les pertes de puissance générées par les roulements. Des comparaisons entre différentes lubrifications et différentes géométries ont été faites. Une nouvelle formule du couple résistif a été proposée pour mieux prendre en compte la géométrie du roulement considéré<br>The development of the transport industry has led to design lighter and more efficient transmission systems. The components within these transmissions have to withstand the transmitted loads in closer environments. As the housing has become more compact than ever, the cooling system has also become more complex. In that context, Rolling Element Bearings (REBs) are required to produce less heat, to work closer to the gear meshes while having higher life-expectancies. The calculation of REB power loss is essential to quantity the amount of injected oil to cool off these components. This study therefore aims at providing tools to model REB power loss and their thermal behaviour. As a first step, a bibliographical survey was conducted on REB power losses, including local and global models. A dedicated test rig has been used to analyse the power losses and the thermal behaviour of Deep Groove Ball Bearings. The influence of rotational speed, load, oil injection temperature, oil flow rate and lubrication design has been investigated. The above-mentioned global models have been compared to the experimental data. Finally, a REB thermal model has been developed in order to understand the influence of heat-transfer within REBs on power losses. Comparisons between different lubrication designs and between different geometries have been done. A new formulation to better take into account the REB geometry in the global models has been proposed
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Su, Jifeng. "An analytical assessment of generation asset in the restructured electricity industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37116381.
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Anpalahan, Peethamparam. "Design of transverse flux machines using analytical calculations&finite element Analysis." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1227.
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Hellal, Abdelhafid. "An analytical study of back-to-back HVDC link in weak AC systems /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65466.
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Assamagan, Ketevi Adikle. "Two-dimensional analytical model of an n+-p-p+ concentrator solar cell." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/560283.
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A successful model that could accurately predict the performances of n+-p-p+ concentrator solar cells should include a model of carrier photogeneration rates consistent with the spectral content of the incident light. Furthermore, a finite back surface recombination velocity should be considered since new techniques such as 'Back Surface Field' were developed to reduce the recombination rate at the rear of the cell.In the present work, a two-dimensional concentrator solar cell is modeled for low levels of injection. The model however, assumes an incident light containing one single wavelength. The incident light is assumed to decrease linearly from the center of the illuminated area until it vanishes at the edges of the cell. Finite recombination velocities are taken into account at the front and the back surfaces. Finite-width space charge regions are also included. The transport equations are solved for the carrier concentrations in different regions of the cell. The current density expressions are derived. The generation of theoretical current voltage characteristics is outlined. However, the use of these characteristics to predict cell performances is left for further research.<br>Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Feng, Xin. "Experimental and analytical study on two-phase impingement cooling with and without electric field." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4853.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 10, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Su, Jifeng, and 宿吉鋒. "An analytical assessment of generation asset in the restructured electricity industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37116381.
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Madireddy, Madhava Rao. "Analytical design of a parallel hybrid electric powertrain for sports utility vehicles and heavy trucks." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175278829.
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Junjun, Yin. "Exploring the topological patterns of urban street networks from analytical and visual perspectives." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4053.
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<p>Research interests in the studies of complex systems have been booming in many disciplines for the last decade. As the nature of geographic environment is a complex system, researches in this field are anticipated. In particular, the urban street networks in the Geographic Information System (GIS) as complex networks are brought forth for the thesis study. Meanwhile, identifying the scale-free property, which is represented as the power law distribution from a mathematical perspective, is a hot topic in the studies of complex systems. Many previous studies estimated the power law distributions with graphic method, which used linear regression method to identify the exponent value and estimate the quality that the power law fits to the empirical data. However, such strategy is considered to cause inaccurate results and lead to biased judgments. Whereas, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and the Goodness of fit test based on Kolmogorov-Smironv (KS) statistics will provide more solid and trustable results for the estimations. Therefore, this thesis addresses these updated methods exploring the topological patterns of urban street networks from an analytical perspective, which is estimating the power law distributions for the connectivity degree and length of the urban streets. Simultaneously, this thesis explores the street networks from a visual perspective as well. The visual perspective adopts the large network visualization tool (LaNet-vi), which is developed based on the k-core decomposition algorithm, to analyze the cores of the urban street networks. By retrieving the spatial information of the networks from GIS, it actually enables us to see how the urban street networks decomposed topologically and spatially. In particular, the 40 US urban street networks are reformed as natural street networks by using three "natural street" models.</p><p>The results from analytical perspective show that the 80/20 principle still exists for both the street connectivity degree and length qualitatively, which means around 20% natural streets in each network have a connectivity degree or length value above the average level, while the 80% ones are below the average. Moreover, the quantitative analysis revealed the fact that most of the distributions from the street connectivity degree or length of the 40 natural street networks follow a power law distribution with an exponential cut-off. Some of the rest cases are verified to have power law distributions and some extreme cases are still unclear for identifying which distribution form to fit. The comparisons are made to the power law statement from previous study which used the linear regression method. Moreover, the visual perspective not only provides us the chance to see the inner structures about the hierarchies and cores of the natural street networks topologically and spatially, but also serves as a reflection for the analytical perspective. Such relationships are discussed and the possibility of combining these two aspects are pointed out. In addition, the future work is also proposed for making better studies in this field.</p>
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SHA, SHI. "The Thermal-Constrained Real-Time Systems Design on Multi-Core Platforms -- An Analytical Approach." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3713.
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Over the past decades, the shrinking transistor size enabled more transistors to be integrated into an IC chip, to achieve higher and higher computing performances. However, the semiconductor industry is now reaching a saturation point of Moore’s Law largely due to soaring power consumption and heat dissipation, among other factors. High chip temperature not only significantly increases packing/cooling cost, degrades system performance and reliability, but also increases the energy consumption and even damages the chip permanently. Although designing 2D and even 3D multi-core processors helps to lower the power/thermal barrier for single-core architectures by exploring the thread/process level parallelism, the higher power density and longer heat removal path has made the thermal problem substantially more challenging, surpassing the heat dissipation capability of traditional cooling mechanisms such as cooling fan, heat sink, heat spread, etc., in the design of new generations of computing systems. As a result, dynamic thermal management (DTM), i.e. to control the thermal behavior by dynamically varying computing performance and workload allocation on an IC chip, has been well-recognized as an effective strategy to deal with the thermal challenges.
Over the past decades, the shrinking transistor size, benefited from the advancement of IC technology, enabled more transistors to be integrated into an IC chip, to achieve higher and higher computing performances. However, the semiconductor industry is now reaching a saturation point of Moore’s Law largely due to soaring power consumption and heat dissipation, among other factors. High chip temperature not only significantly increases packing/cooling cost, degrades system performance and reliability, but also increases the energy consumption and even damages the chip permanently. Although designing 2D and even 3D multi-core processors helps to lower the power/thermal barrier for single-core architectures by exploring the thread/process level parallelism, the higher power density and longer heat removal path has made the thermal problem substantially more challenging, surpassing the heat dissipation capability of traditional cooling mechanisms such as cooling fan, heat sink, heat spread, etc., in the design of new generations of computing systems. As a result, dynamic thermal management (DTM), i.e. to control the thermal behavior by dynamically varying computing performance and workload allocation on an IC chip, has been well-recognized as an effective strategy to deal with the thermal challenges.
Different from many existing DTM heuristics that are based on simple intuitions, we seek to address the thermal problems through a rigorous analytical approach, to achieve the high predictability requirement in real-time system design. In this regard, we have made a number of important contributions. First, we develop a series of lemmas and theorems that are general enough to uncover the fundamental principles and characteristics with regard to the thermal model, peak temperature identification and peak temperature reduction, which are key to thermal-constrained real-time computer system design. Second, we develop a design-time frequency and voltage oscillating approach on multi-core platforms, which can greatly enhance the system throughput and its service capacity. Third, different from the traditional workload balancing approach, we develop a thermal-balancing approach that can substantially improve the energy efficiency and task partitioning feasibility, especially when the system utilization is high or with a tight temperature constraint. The significance of our research is that, not only can our proposed algorithms on throughput maximization and energy conservation outperform existing work significantly as demonstrated in our extensive experimental results, the theoretical results in our research are very general and can greatly benefit other thermal-related research.
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Ogilvie-Whyte, Sharon Anne. "An analytical ethnography of children's agency, power and social relations : an actor-network theory approach." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17093.
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This thesis connects with and extends inter alia the recent but as yet peripheral move within the sociology of childhood to open up children's agency to empirical analysis. Drawing heuristically upon actor-network theory and thought of this kind its aim is to expose the networks of heterogeneous associations upon which children's agency and power depends. Focusing upon children's every day play activities; the analytical lens is extended to consider the role of nonhumans that are embedded in children's mundane play interactions within their local neighbourhood and within their school playground. In doing so, this thesis argues that nonhumans are crucial participants in social interaction that are implicated in and pivotal to the heterogeneous networks of associations that children, as heterogeneous engineers, actively create to achieve their particular goals and desires. As a corollary to this, an analytical incorporation of nonhumans has drawn attention to the wider role that nonhumans play in the life worlds of children. In respect to this, the argument this thesis advances is that nonhumans,in their diverse forms, are functionally important in holding children's social relations in place. Drawn from ethnographic fieldwork with children, this thesis argues that children's agency, power and social relations, take their form and are an outcome of the heterogeneous associations that take place between humans and `things'.
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Hiranvarodom, Somchai. "Design and analytical evaluation of stand-alone photovoltaic power systems for rural areas in Thailand." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340072.
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au, A. Stebbins@murdoch edu, and Andrew Stebbins. "The Chinese Civilizing Process: Eliasian Thought as an Effective Analytical Tool for the Chinese Cultural Context." Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100211.123651.
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This thesis is an effort to apply Eliass thinking on social development to the Chinese social situation. At first glance his account of the civilizing process would appear incompatible with this context, in that, after state formation with the Qin and Han dynasties beginning in 221 BC, Chinese civilization remained both stable and highly traditional for well over two millennia. It is argued, however, that closer scrutiny reveals a process that was merely interrupted for a considerable period. The traditional system relied upon a symbiotic relationship between local society and the centre whereby the centre remained relatively small and aloof, not interfering with local social relations, as long as local society provided the required taxes and labour. In this situation the state had the monopolies of both violence and taxation that Elias would look for, but left local society to its own devices primarily because it was already pacified. This self-reinforcing system was enshrined and codified in the Confucian cannon over the course of centuries from the Han dynasty.
Central control of the distribution of resources was eventually required to re-start the Chinese civilizing process, for this was the mechanism through which the local social structure would finally be altered. This only happened within the past century as the Chinese people struggled to grapple with their own backwardness in the face of incessant Western and Japanese incursions. At this point the old system was toppled and replaced by progressively more aggressive central governments who saw as their most important task the destruction of the traditional social order in the interest of modernization. As the Chinese state consciously and forcibly took control of the distribution of resources at all levels of society, traditional social relations were stretched and warped, and the Chinese civilizing process re-commenced its long-stalled march toward modernization. This has been evidenced both by the dramatic growth in mobility and the rapidly extending chains of interdependence in the form of guanxi connections primarily during the Post-Opening period after 1978.
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Bhargava, Adesh. "Experimental/analytical determination of optimal piezoelectric actuator locations on complex structures based on the actuator power factor." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222009-040530/.
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Sasi, Giuma A. A. "Evaluation Of Metal Concentrations In Groundwater Nearby Soma Coal-fired Power Plant." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606756/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
EVALUATION OF METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER NEARBY SOMA COAL FIRED POWER PLANT
Giuma Sasi
M.S., Department of Chmistry
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Semra G. Tuncel
December 2005, 95 Pages
In this work, metal pollution in groundwater near by Soma coal-fired power plant was invistigated. Coal combustion results in huge amounts of bottom ash from which metals can originate and migrate to groundwater and pollute it. Forty groundwater samples were collected from water wells in an area near by the power plant to determine 14 metals namely<br>Na, Ca, K, Mg, Al, Ba, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni and V. Samples were collected in polyethylene bottles, the pH of the water was measured. Then, the samples were acidified and stored to be analyzed. FAAS, FAES, GFAAS and ICP-AES were used to determine the elements. The results were compared with the WHO, the Turkish and EC guidelines for drinking water quality. Fe concentrations in 12 wells were higher the three guidelines. Zn concentrations in 5 wells were higher than the EC guidelines, but not higher than the Turkish guidelines. Pb concentrations was less than all guilelines but it was relatively high in 8 wells. The other anthropogenic elements were lower than all guidelines but these metals tend to accumulate and they will exceed the guildlines overtime. Enrichment factor calculations showed that the anthropogenic elements were enriched in the regions close to the ash piles pointing out that the ash piles are the main source of these elements. Factor analysis was applied and four main factors of the determined metals were found indicating that the power plant and the ash piles are the main source for the anthropogenic elements.
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Hong, Sunpyo. "Modeling performance and power for energy-efficient GPGPU computing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45922.
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The objective of the proposed research is to develop an analytical model that predicts performance and power for many-core architecture and further propose a mechanism, which leverages the analytical model, to enable energy-efficient execution of an application.
The key insight of the model is to investigate and quantify a complex relationship that exists between the thread-level parallelism and memory-level parallelism for an application on a given many-core architecture. Two metrics are proposed: memory warp parallelism (MWP), which refers to the number of overlapping memory accesses per core, and computation warp parallelism (CWP), which characterizes an application type. By using these metrics in addition to the architectural and application parameters, the overall application performance is produced. The model uses statically-available parameters such as instruction-mixture information and input-data size, and the prediction accuracy is 13.3% for the GPU-computing benchmarks.
Another important aspect of using many-core architecture is reducing peak power and achieving energy savings. By using the proposed integrated power and performance (IPP) framework, the results showed that different optimization points exist for GPU architecture depending on the application type. The work shows that by activating fewer cores, 10.99% of run-time energy consumption can be saved for the bandwidth-limited benchmarks, and a projection of 25.8% energy savings is predicted when power-gating at core level is employed.
Finally, the model is shifted to throughput using OpenCL for targeting more variety of processors. First, multiple outputs relating to performance are predicted, including upper-bound and lower-bound values. Second, by using the model parameters, an application can be categorized into a different category, each with its own suggestions for improving performance and energy efficiency. Third, the bandwidth saturation point accuracy is significantly improved by considering independent memory accesses and updating the performance model. Furthermore, a trade-off analysis using architectural and application parameters is straightforward, which provides more insights to improve energy efficiency.
In the future, a computer system will contain hundreds of heterogeneous cores. Hence, it is mandatory that a workload gets scheduled to an efficient core or distributed on both types of cores. A preliminary work by using the analytical model to do scheduling between CPU and GPU is demonstrated in the appendix. Since profiling phase is not required, the kernel code can be transformed to run more efficiently on the specific architecture. Another extension of the work regarding the relationship between the speed-up and energy efficiency is mathematically derived. Finally, future research ideas are presented regarding the usage of the model for programmer, compiler, and runtime for future heterogeneous systems.
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Borràs, Morales Jan. "Park optimization and wake interaction study at Bockstigen offshore wind power plant." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-245579.
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Losses for wake effects in offshore wind farms represent about 10% to 20% of the park annual energy production. Several analytical wake models have been developed and implemented to predict the power deficit of a wake-affected wind turbine. Validating and parameterizing the wake models available in the industry is essential to better predict the wake losses and thus maximize the energy yield of future offshore developments. In this study, a wake model validation is undertaken for the three models available in the commercial software WindSim. Data from Horns Rev wind farm is used to that purpose. Next, the models that show the best agreement with the observations are parameterized to better describe the power losses of a future offshore wind farm at Bockstigen. To finish with, an optimization sensitivity study is carried out and a final optimal layout is determined according to the seabed depth.
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Genter, Martin A. "Analytical and numerical considerations on the initiation and propagation of ductile shear zones in elastic-thermoviscous power law materials /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10450.
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Facciotti, Marco. "A surface analytical chemistry approach to copper corrosion and its inhibition with benzotriazole derivatives in oil-filled power transformers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/387346/.
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In this thesis is discussed the possible application of surface analytical chemistry techniques to the study of copper corrosion and its inhibition in insulating oils. In particular, the techniques investigated were X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS). XPS was used, in combination with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), to study the formation and migration of the corrosion by-product copper sulfide on both copper conductors and paper insulation, as a consequence of their exposure to corrosive insulating oils. Its surface atomic sensitivity allowed the study of the influence of variables such as concentration of corrosive species, oxygen, time and copper-paper proximity on the corrosion process. This ultimately led to the formulation of a new bifurcated mechanism to explain how copper sulfide might contaminate the insulating system of power transformers filled with corrosive oils. Additionally, XPS could also be used to study the inhibitor layer formed by the benzotriazole derivative Irgamet®39 on copper immersed in oil. The corrosion inhibitor was detected as a local enrichment of nitrogen on copper substrates, solely induced by the presence of its surface-active tolyltriazole moiety. Remarkably, it was possible to identify a correlation between the amount of corrosion inhibitor present in the oil and that effectively protecting copper, while estimating the thickness of the protection layer and the optimal amount of corrosion inhibitor to be used in real-life applications. SSIMS was used to increase the understanding of the copper inhibition process in oil by means of tolyltriazole. Thanks to its surface molecular sensitivity it was possible to obtain a new insight on the surface chemistry of the inhibitor, while investigating the effect of local temperature changes on the metal coverage and its stability under vacuum with the help of ion imaging. Moreover, it was also possible to estimate the energy of desorption of the tolyltriazole molecules from the copper surface. Finally, SSIMS ion imaging was shown to be a potentially valuable asset in forensic investigations, being able to track the distribution of corrosion inhibitor and by-products in decommissioned or failed power transformers.
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Karimian, Noushin. "Monitoring of power station steels using electromagnetic sensors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/monitoring-of-power-station-steels-using-electromagnetic-sensors(e9c463a3-4e06-43c4-830a-a568beba7b8c).html.
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With the world’s aging power generation network, especially in Europe and the United States, life-extension of steel plant components is increasingly a critical issue, as components are exposed to high temperatures and pressures during their lifetime, potentially resulting in carbide coarsening, making them prone to creep cavitation, possibly leading to component failure. Therefore, in order to evaluate the likelihood of component failure, non-destructive testing and evaluation procedures must be developed to properly assess the level of degradation in power station steels and ensure that end-of-life conditions are not reached. Electromagnetic (EM) inspection techniques have the potential to assess the level of degradation in power station steels through in-situ measurements. This research work introduces and examines a novel approach in the development of an EM sensor system for long term use. Specifically, it focuses on employing the developed EM sensor system technology in the monitoring of microstructural variations in power generation steels (such as boiler tubes) for in-service monitoring and evaluation during maintenance periods. In this work, controlled measurement of the EM properties (differential permeability) of cylindrical samples, machined from power station pipes (P9) and tubes (T22) in different states of degradation were carried out using two different EM sensor systems. Analytical and numerical methods (Finite Elements) were employed to calculate the sensor response to the samples and EM properties inferred by fitting the models to the measured results. The results from a closed magnetic loop sensor system were also considered, where the magnetic hysteresis curves for the steel samples were measured, from which relative incremental permeability values were obtained. It was found that the incremental permeability values measured by this system were connected to the differential permeability values obtained from the induction spectroscopy. Strong correlations have been drawn between microstructural changes (quantified using Vickers hardness measurements) in heat treated samples and EM properties (incremental and differential permeability). Finally, correlations established using the lab-based closed magnetic loop system are transferred to real-world samples, such as grade 91 open pipe / tube specimens. The measurement results verify that the techniques employed for measuring the EM properties of rod samples produce similar results for the open tube samples, demonstrating the viability of application of EM methods for assessment and monitoring of open power station pipes and tubes in-situ.
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Potter, Ian J. "A systematic experimental and analytical investigation of the autonomous underwater vehicle design process with particular regard to power system integration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/NQ47924.pdf.
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Halawani, Mohanad. "An iterative analytical design framework for the optimal designing of an off-grid renewable energy based hybrid smart micro-grid : a case study in a remote area - Jordan." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/40b75bc8-d237-4aaf-9668-797739f49f74.
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Creative ways of utilising renewable energy sources in electricity generation especially in remote areas and particularly in countries depending on imported energy, while increasing energy security and reducing cost of such isolated off-grid systems, is becoming an urgently needed necessity for the effective strategic planning of Energy Systems. The aim of this research project was to design and implement a new decision support framework for the optimal design of hybrid micro grids considering different types of different technologies, where the design objective is to minimize the total cost of the hybrid micro grid while at the same time satisfying the required electric demand. Results of a comprehensive literature review, of existing analytical, decision support tools and literature on HPS, has identified the gaps and the necessary conceptual parts of an analytical decision support framework. As a result this research proposes and reports an Iterative Analytical Design Framework (IADF) and its implementation for the optimal design of an Off-grid renewable energy based hybrid smart micro-grid (OGREH-SμG) with intra and inter-grid (μG2μG & μG2G) synchronization capabilities and a novel storage technique. The modelling design and simulations were based on simulations conducted using HOMER Energy and MatLab/SIMULINK, Energy Planning and Design software platforms. The design, experimental proof of concept, verification and simulation of a new storage concept incorporating Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) fuel cell is also reported. The implementation of the smart components consisting Raspberry Pi that is devised and programmed for the semi-smart energy management framework (a novel control strategy, including synchronization capabilities) of the OGREH-SμG are also detailed and reported. The hybrid μG was designed and implemented as a case study for the Bayir/Jordan area. This research has provided an alternative decision support tool to solve Renewable Energy Integration for the optimal number, type and size of components to configure the hybrid μG. In addition this research has formulated and reported a linear cost function to mathematically verify computer based simulations and fine tune the solutions in the iterative framework and concluded that such solutions converge to a correct optimal approximation when considering the properties of the problem. As a result of this investigation it has been demonstrated that, the implemented and reported OGREH-SμG design incorporates wind and sun powered generation complemented with batteries, two fuel cell units and a diesel generator is a unique approach to Utilizing indigenous renewable energy with a capability of being able to synchronize with other μ-grids is the most effective and optimal way of electrifying developing countries with fewer resources in a sustainable way, with minimum impact on the environment while also achieving reductions in GHG. The dissertation concludes with suggested extensions to this work in the future.
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Apshingekar, Prafulla P. "Applications of ultrasound in pharmaceutical processing and analytics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14127.
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Innovations and process understanding is the current focus in pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this research was to explore application of high power ultrasound in the slurry crystallisation and application of low power ultrasound (3.5 MHz) as process analytical technology (PAT) tool to understand pharmaceutical processing such as hot melt extrusion. The effect of high power ultrasound (20 kHz) on slurry co-crystallisation of caffeine / maleic acid and carbamazepine / saccharin was investigated. To validate low power ultrasound monitoring technique, it was compared with the other techniques (PAT tools) such as in-line rheology and in-line NIR spectroscopy. In-line rheological measurements were used to understand melt flow behaviour of theophylline / Kollidon VA 64 system in the slit die attached to the hot melt extruder. In-line NIR spectroscopic measurements were carried out for monitoring any molecular interactions occurring during extrusion. Physical mixtures and the processed samples obtained from all experiments were characterised using powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning Electron Microscopy, dielectric spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography, rotational rheology, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and near infrared spectroscopy. The application of high power ultrasound in slurry co-crystallisation of caffeine / maleic acid helped in reducing equilibrium time required for co-crystal formation. During carbamazepine / saccharin co-crystallisation high power ultrasound induced degradation of carbamazepine was negligible. Low power ultrasound can be used as a PAT tool as it was found to be highly sensitive to the changes in processing temperatures and drug concentration.
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Costa, Geraldo Vieira da. "Análise institucional de um estabelecimento de educação superior privado: estudo do cotidiano, dos documentos e da perspectiva de dirigentes e docentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-11052010-144634/.
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Ao se estudar um estabelecimento educacional restrito aos seus limites internos, pouco se saberá acerca das relações de forças que atravessam a educação tomada como instituição. Essa constatação sinaliza que o empreendimento de uma análise institucional constitui-se na metodologia mais adequada para se estudar e entender os agenciamentos que se dão no estabelecimento educacional, fornecendo um panorama da instituição educação superior no Brasil. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é empreender uma análise institucional em um estabelecimento de educação superior privado a partir do estudo do cotidiano, dos documentos e da perspectiva de dirigentes e docentes. Além disso, busca-se contextualizar o estabelecimento educacional e investigar os seguintes aspectos: os dispositivos disciplinares; o processo de governamento e de construção do Projeto Pedagógico Institucional (PPI) e dos valores que o sustentam; até que ponto o PPI facilita ou impede a ação pedagógica dos atores institucionais; e a instituição educação superior no Brasil e a política pública nela estabelecida (condições de governamentalidade). O estudo é apoiado no referencial teórico-metodológico da esquizoanálise (Deleuze e Guattari) e da analítica do poder (Foucault), ambas com base na filosofia de Nietzsche. A abordagem metodológica adotada é qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso etnográfico. Como técnicas de pesquisa são utilizadas a análise documental, a entrevista etnográfica e a observação participante. Participam da pesquisa os quatro diretores, a secretária acadêmica e onze professores selecionados nos cursos ofertados pelo estabelecimento. São utilizados na pesquisa roteiros de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com o auxílio de gravador digital. As informações obtidas com a observação participante são registradas em diário de campo. O documento básico considerado neste estudo é o PPI. A análise dos dados é feita mediante a estratégia de análise de conteúdo, em abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados apontam que o estabelecimento pesquisado não difere de seus congêneres, sentindo todas as dificuldades decorrentes dos dispositivos disciplinares impostos pelo estado para regular e controlar suas atividades; que o estabelecimento reproduz tais dispositivos nas suas ações de governamento; que o PPI não resultou de um processo de construção coletiva, pois ao contar com a ajuda de uma empresa de consultoria, esta buscou emoldurar a vida do estabelecimento aos pontos que lhe poderiam conceder uma avaliação satisfatória pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC); que, para dirigentes e professores, a educação superior no Brasil é assolada por um excesso de regulamentação que cerceia a ação criativa e a autonomia institucional. Presas às normas molares instituídas, restam às faculdades e universidades submeterem-se ao domínio das leis, ainda que estas lhes pareçam tão distantes de suas realidades.<br>When studying an educational establishment to its strict internal limits, little will be known about the force relations which cross the education taken as an institution. This finding indicates that the enterprise of an institutional analysis constitutes the most appropriate methodology to study and understand the assemblages that take place in the educational establishment, providing an overview of superior education institution in Brazil. The objective of this research is to undertake an institutional analysis at a private establishment of higher education from the study of everyday life, documents and perspective of directors and teachers. In addition, we seek to contextualize the educational establishment and to investigate the following issues: the disciplinary devices, the process of government and the construction of institutional pedagogical project (PPI) and the values that sustain it, until point the PPI facilitates or impedes pedagogical action of institutional actors, and the higher education institution in Brazil and the public policy it established (conditions of governmentality). The study is supported by the methodological theoretical reference of schizoanalysis (Deleuze and Guattari) and analytical of power (Foucault), both based on the philosophy of Nietzsche. The methodology adopted is qualitative, as ethnographic case study. As research techniques are used the documental analysis, ethnographic interviews and participant observation. Participate in this research the four directors, the academic secretary and eleven teachers selected in the courses offered by the establishment. In the research, semistructured interview scripts are used, as well as a digital recorder. The informations obtained from the participant observation are registered in a field diary. The basic document considered in this study is the PPI. Data analysis is done through the strategy of content analysis, in a qualitative approach. The results indicate that the researched establishment does not differ from others of its same type, feeling all the difficulties arising from disciplinary devices imposed by the State to regulate and control their activities; that the establishment play such devices in their government\'s actions; that the PPI did not result from a process of building together, for the count with the help of a consulting firm, that sought to \"frame\" the routine of the establishment the points which might provide a satisfactory evaluation by the Ministry of Education (MEC); that for directors and teachers, higher education in Brazil is plagued by over-regulation that restricts the creative action and institutional autonomy. Prey to the imposed molar norms, it remains to colleges and universities be submitted to the domain of the laws, even though they seem to be so distant of its realities.
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Sneha, Sweta. "Patient Monitoring via Mobile Ad Hoc Network: Power Management, Reliability, and Delays." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/19.
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ABSTRACT PATIENT MONITORING VIA MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK - MAXIMIZING RELIABILITY WHILE MINIMIZING POWER USAGE AND DELAYS BY SWETA SNEHA May 22nd, 2008 Committee Chair: Dr. Upkar Varshney Major Department: Computer Information Systems Comprehensive monitoring of patients based on wireless and mobile technologies has been proposed for early detection of anomalies, provision of prompt medical attention, and corresponding reduction in healthcare expenses associated with unnecessary hospitalizations and treatment. However the quality and reliability of patient monitoring applications have not been satisfactory, primarily due to their sole dependence on infrastructure-oriented wireless networks such as wide-area cellular networks and wireless LANs with unpredictable and spotty coverage. The current research is exploratory in nature and seeks to investigate the feasibility of leveraging mobile ad hoc network for extending the coverage of infrastructure oriented networks when the coverage from the latter is limited/non-existent. Although exciting, there are several challenges associated with leveraging mobile ad hoc network in the context of patient monitoring. The current research focuses on power management of the low-powered monitoring devices with the goal to maximize reliability and minimize delays. The PRD protocols leveraging variable-rate transmit power and the PM-PRD scheme are designed to achieve the aforementioned objective. The PRD protocols manage power transmitted by the source and intermediate routing devices in end to end signal transmission with the obejective to maximize end to end reliability. The PM-PRD scheme operationalizes an appropriate PRD protocol in end to end signal transmission for diverse patient monitoring scenarios with the objective to maximize reliability, optimize power usage, and minimize delays in end to end signal transmission. Analytical modeling technique is utilized for modeling diverse monitoring scenarios in terms of the independent variables and assessing the performance of the research artifacts in terms of the dependent variables. The evaluation criterion of the research artifacts is maximization of reliability and minimization of power usage and delays for diverse monitoring scenarios. The performance evaluation of the PRD protocols is based on maximization of end to end reliability in signal transmission. The utility of the PM-PRD scheme is associated with operationalizing an appropriate protocol for a given monitoring scenario. Appropriateness of a protocol for a given scenario is based on the performance of the PRD protocols with respect to the dependent variables (i.e., end to end reliability, end to end power usage, and end to end delays). Hence the performance evaluation of the PRD protocols in terms of the dependent variables is utilized to (a) discover the best protocol and (b) validate the accuracy and utility of the PM-PRD scheme in allocating the best protocol for diverse monitoring scenarios. The results validate the effectiveness of the research artifacts in maximizing reliability while minimizing power usage and delays in end to end signal transmission via a multi-hop mobile ad hoc network. Consequently the research establishes the feasibility of multi-hop mobile ad hoc network in supplementing the spotty network coverage of infrastructure oriented networks thereby enhancing the quality and dependability of the process of signal transmission associated with patient monitoring applications.
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Mullen, John A. "Analytical and Experimental Comparison of a Positive Displacement Water Pump Using an Infinitely Variable Transmission." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492125053378972.
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Zunino, Hugo Marcelo. "Analytical and conceptual framework to study structures of governance and multi-level power relations in urban initiatives. Empirical application in Concepcion and Santiago, Chile." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280669.
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This dissertation is focused on constructing and testing an analytical and conceptual framework to study structures of governance moving concrete urban initiatives forward. Relying on Anthony Giddens' notion of structuration I consider structures of governance as outcomes of a recursive relation between social practices and broader properties of the social system and, by embracing some insights from Michel Foucault, I regard the execution of power as a necessary condition for the process of structuration to occur. The framework I develop here suggests reading structures of governance as power arrangements constructed through socio-discursive rules operating for analytical purposes at three distinct functional or institutional levels: policy-making, implementation, and operational. In this way, I attempt to capture the multi-level exercise of power, relating the local conditions in which urban initiatives unfold to broader political and economic situations. I take two Chilean case studies to apply this construct in comparative perspective: the North Rivera Project in the city of Concepcion and the Portal of the Bicentenary Project in the city of Santiago. Both initiatives will bring about profound changes in these cities in terms of creating new spaces for capital investment, building new residential and consumption districts, and affecting the local community either directly through physical displacement or indirectly through the impacts of nearby new urbanized areas. To interpret the rules in place that frame governing processes I make use of semi-structured and documentary evidence. In the concluding section I argue that the analytical and conceptual framework constructed was useful to examine interconnections among levels, to define the channels used by social actors to control society and urban space, and to generate strategic information on which to base policy recommendations. This framework was able to disentangle the social practices creating the distinct and particularistic power relations moving each project forward, suggesting that structures of governance are not only being constructed vertically but also horizontally and/or spatially via actors operating under possibilities and constraints emerging from the broader system and conscious, at the same time, of the local conditions in which they operate and able to deploy strategies consistent with those conditions.
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Prasai, Anish. "Methodologies for Design-Oriented Electromagnetic Modeling of Planar Passive Power Processors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34164.
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The advent and proliferation of planar technologies for power converters are driven in part by the overall trends in analog and digital electronics. These trends coupled with the demands for increasingly higher power quality and tighter regulations raise various design challenges. Because inductors and transformers constitute a rather large part of the overall converter volume, size and performance improvement of these structures can subsequently enhance the capability of power converters to meet these application-driven demands. Increasing the switching frequency has been the traditional approach in reducing converter size and improving performance. However, the increase in switching frequency leads to increased power loss density in windings and core, with subsequent increase in device temperature, parasitics and electromagnetic radiation. An accurate set of reduced-order modeling methodologies is presented in this work in order to predict the high-frequency behavior of inductors and transformers.
Analytical frequency-dependent expressions to predict losses in planar, foil windings and cores are given. The losses in the core and windings raise the temperature of the structure. In order to ensure temperature limitation of the structure is not exceeded, 1-D thermal modeling is undertaken. Based on the losses and temperature limitation, a methodology to optimize performance of magnetics is outlined.
Both numerical and analytical means are employed in the extraction of transformer parasitics and cross-coupling. The results are compared against experimental measurements and are found to be in good accord. A simple near-field electromagnetic shield design is presented in order to mitigate the amount of radiation.
Due to inadequacy of existing winding technology in forming suitable planar windings for PCB application, an alternate winding scheme is proposed which relies on depositing windings directly onto the core.<br>Master of Science
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Soukni, Leïla Inès. "Hegemonic power from colonisation to colonial liberation : A historical-analytical narrative of French colonial dominance over Tunisia from 1881-1956 and how it resulted in the Bizerte crisis of 1961." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18459.
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HEKİM, MEHMET ÇAĞRI. "WAKE EFFECT IMPACTS ON THE ENERGY PRODUCTION OF THREE WIND TURBINES IN CLOSE CONFIGURATION." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256007.
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With the rapid expansion of offshore wind power capacity in the world in the last decade, innovative offshore solutions are designed in order to meet the upcoming power capacity installations. As in all other energy sectors, offshore wind power has certain conditions that have to be met to increase the efficacy of the outcome.In this thesis, wake effect impact on the production results of Hexicon AB’s innovative floating and rotating offshore wind power platform project with 3 turbines located in the southern part of Sweden are analyzed through the application of “Analytical wake models” and the “Actuator Disc method”, with the help of WindSim.The results of Analytical models and Actuator Disc method were found to be independent of one another. Even though analytical wake models did not find any wake effect impact among the turbines, the results can be considered as logical. However, the Actuator Disc method created unexpected results which might stem from the WindSim – AD combination. It is therefore recommended to further explore these scenarios with other (more) advanced simulation tools.
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Karakas, Ziya Mert. "Secular Challenge to Power : An intercultural-analytical insight into two prominent member organizations of the European Humanist Federation: La Ligue de L'enseignement and the National Secular Society." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330927.
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Goitom, Asfaha Daniel. "Fundamental Studies on Direct Injection Nebulisers for Sample Introduction in ICP Spectrometry : Aerosol Properties, ICP Characteristics and Analytical Performance." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Chemistry, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-671.
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<p>The performance of different types of nebulisers: Vulkan direct injection nebuliser (Vulkan DIN), direct injection high efficiency nebuliser (DIHEN), microconcentric nebuliser coupled to cyclonic or double pass spray chamber (MCN-C or MCN-DP, respectively) was investigated and compared when used for sample introduction to ICP-MS or ICP-OES. With ICP-OES, in axial viewing mode, intensity distributions across the radius of the plasma (radial intensity profiles) were determined for different spectral lines with Esum 1.85-15.41 eV to determine fundamental plasma properties for various matrices using Vulkan DIN and MCN-C. The results showed that with the MCN-C the ionisation temperature (Tion) was about the same across the measured region of the plasma (±3.0 mm) whereas with the Vulkan DIN the Tion was significantly lower in the centre of the plasma. A large deviation from local thermodynamic equilibrium, as well as deteriorated stability, was observed for the plasma when using the Vulkan DIN.</p><p>With ICP-MS noise power spectra (NPS) were generated to identify sources of noise. NPS showed that the magnitude of white noise for the tested sample introduction systems decreased in the following order: Vulkan DIN > DIHEN > MCN-C > MCN-DP. This order follows the decrease of mean droplet size and span of the size distribution, indicating that the white noise is caused by spatial and temporal non-uniform desolvation and ionisation. Another source of noise arose from the peristaltic pump and the magnitude of pump interference noise decreased in the following order: DIHEN > MCN-C/DP > Vulkan DIN. Mains power interference noise and 1/f noise were lower for the direct injection nebulisers compared to the spray chamber systems. The contribution or effects of these noise components on relative standard deviations of steady-state ion-count rate and isotope ratio measurements is discussed in this thesis.</p><p>Aerosols generated by the Vulkan DIN and the DIHEN were also directly characterised using Particle Dynamic Analysis. The Vulkan DIN produced particles with a mean diameter of ~30 µm and a size distribution between 2-80 µm. With the DIHEN the corresponding values were ~11 µm and 1-40 µm, respectively, with a few particles at 55-78 µm. The mean velocity of particles from the Vulkan DIN was ~10 m s-1 and from the DIHEN ~18 m s-1. The lower velocity allows longer residence time counteracting the effects of the larger droplet size.</p>
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HIPOLITO, FABIO C. "Avaliação das metodologias de análise de sistemas de tubulações de vapor sujeitas a carregamentos do tipo Steam Hammer." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26938.
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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-21T18:18:35Z
No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-21T18:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Carregamentos transientes termo hidráulicos do tipo Steam Hammer são eventos comuns em sistemas de tubulações de vapor com grandes potenciais de catástrofes em plantas de geração de energia. Uma vez iniciado o evento, ondas de pressões são geradas com amplitudes, geralmente, de grande magnitude ocasionando altas pressões no sistema, ruídos, deformações, fadiga, com possibilidade de danos materiais e econômicos e em casos extremos fatalidades. Os procedimentos da indústria para análise deste tipo de sistema consistem realização de análises estáticas equivalentes ou análise de espectro de resposta com carregamentos caracterizados por meio de métodos analíticos baseados em hipóteses simplificadoras do fluido e fluxo. Neste trabalho é proposta a analise de sistema de tubulações por meio do método de integração numérica com superposição modal e carregamento caracterizado por método numérico com base no método das características. Comparações foram efetuadas entre os resultados obtidos pela metodologia proposta e os procedimentos da indústria, demonstrando que, dado ao alto grau de conservadorismo, os procedimentos da indústria acarretam em superdimensionamento de estruturas e tubulações ocasionando custos adicionais de projeto, sendo a otimização do projeto obtida aplicando-se a metodologia proposta no trabalho.<br>Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Al-Arfaj, Khalid A. "Generator Maintenance Scheduling Models in Power Systems. Integrated Cost Models for Generator Maintenance Strategy under Market Environment." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4316.
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Change from a regulated to deregulated structure means that, the centralized maintenance system is not valid any more. In the surveyed published literature, there is not a single model which incorporates all maintenance cost components to analyze the effect of different maintenance strategies for generator companies (GENCOs). The work enclosed in this thesis demonstrates that there is a considerable requirement for accurately modelling cost components of the maintenance model, to be used in maintenance scheduling for deregulated power system, in order to attain a superior schedule with major financial and operational impact.
This research investigates and models most cost factors that affect the maintenance activities of the deregulated GENCOs, and demonstrates the utilization of the developed cost models in maintenance scheduling. It also presents the data gathering process for the developed maintenance cost model. A generator maintenance scheduling model that considers direct and indirect maintenance costs, opportunity costs (i.e. loss of customer goodwill), effective maintenance strategies, failures, and interruptions is developed.
A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based approach is employed to achieve maintenance schedules to various generators maintenance scenarios. An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach is proposed for modelling customer goodwill. The maintenance model was redeveloped under the Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) strategy to analyze the effect of a maintenance strategy on maintenance costs. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the utilisation of the developed models.The investigation shows that the market prices, opportunity costs and maintenance strategy have an effect on the final maintenance schedule. The research demonstrates that the cost components are critical factors to achieve an effective maintenance schedule, and they must be considered and carefully modelled in order to reflect more realistic situation for maintenance scheduling of generator units in deregulation environment.
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Tu, Lam Thanh. "New Analytical Methods for the Analysis and Optimization of Energy-Efficient Cellular Networks by Using Stochastic Geometry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS157/document.
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L'analyse et l'optimisation au niveau de système sont indispensables pour la progression de performance des réseaux de communication. Ils sont nécessaires afin de faire fonctionner de façon optimale des réseaux actuels et de planifier des réseaux futurs. La modélisation et l'analyse au niveau de système des réseaux cellulaires ont été facilitées grâce à la maîtrise de l'outil mathématique de la géométrie stochastique et, plus précisément, la théorie des processus ponctuels spatiaux. Du point de vue de système, il a été empiriquement validé que les emplacements des stations cellulaires de base peuvent être considérés comme des points d'un processus ponctuel de Poisson homogène dont l'intensité coïncide avec le nombre moyen de stations par unité de surface. Dans ce contexte, des contributions de ce travail se trouvent dans le développement de nouvelles méthodologies analytiques pour l'analyse et l'optimisation des déploiements de réseaux cellulaires émergents.La première contribution consiste à introduire une approche pour évaluer la faisabilité de réseaux cellulaires multi-antennes, dans lesquels les dispositifs mobiles à faible énergie décodent les données et récupèrent l'énergie à partir d’un même signal reçu. Des outils de géométrie stochastique sont utilisés pour quantifier le taux d'information par rapport au compromis de puissance captée. Les conclusions montrent que les réseaux d'antennes à grande échelle et les déploiements ultra-denses de stations base sont tous les deux nécessaires pour capter une quantité d'énergie suffisamment élevée et fiable. En outre, la faisabilité de la diversité des récepteurs pour l'application aux réseaux cellulaires descendants est également étudiée. Diverses options basées sur la combinaison de sélection et la combinaison de taux maximal sont donc comparées. Notre analyse montre qu'aucun système n’est plus performant que les autres pour chaque configuration de système : les dispositifs à basse énergie doivent fonctionner de manière adaptative, en choisissant le schéma de diversité des récepteurs en fonction des exigences imposées.La deuxième contribution consiste à introduire une nouvelle approche pour la modélisation et l'optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique des réseaux cellulaires.Contrairement aux approches analytiques actuellement disponibles qui fournissent des expressions analytiques trop simples ou trop complexes de la probabilité de couverture et de l'efficacité spectrale des réseaux cellulaires, l'approche proposée est formulée par une solution de forme fermée qui se révèle en même temps simple et significative. Une nouvelle expression de l'efficacité énergétique du réseau cellulaire descendant est proposée à partir d’une nouvelle formule de l'efficacité spectrale. Cette expression est utilisée pour l’optimisation de la puissance d'émission et la densité des stations cellulaires de base. Il est prouvé mathématiquement que l'efficacité énergétique est une fonction uni-modale et strictement pseudo-concave de la puissance d'émission en fixant la densité des stations de base, et de la densité des stations de base en fixant la puissance d'émission. La puissance d'émission optimale et la densité des stations de base s'avèrent donc être la solution des équations non linéaires simples.La troisième contribution consiste à introduire une nouvelle approche pour analyser les performances des réseaux cellulaires hétérogènes équipés des sources d'énergie renouvelables, telles que les panneaux solaires. L'approche proposée permet de tenir compte de la distribution spatiale des stations de base en utilisant la théorie des processus ponctuels, ainsi que l'apparition aléatoire et la disponibilité de l'énergie en utilisant la théorie des chaînes de Markov. En utilisant l'approche proposée, l'efficacité énergétique des réseaux cellulaires peut être quantifiée et l'interaction entre la densité des stations de base et le taux d'énergie d'apparition peut être quantifiée et optimisée<br>In communication networks, system-level analysis and optimization are useful when one is interested in optimizing the system performance across the entire network. System-level analysis and optimization, therefore, are relevant for optimally operating current networks, and for deploying and planning future networks. In the last few years, the system-level modeling and analysis of cellular networks have been facilitated by capitalizing on the mathematical tool of stochastic geometry and, more precisely, on the theory of spatial point processes. It has been empirically validated that, from the system-level standpoint, the locations of cellular base stations can be abstracted as points of a homogeneous Poisson point process whose intensity coincides with the average number of based stations per unit area.In this context, the contribution of the present Ph.D. thesis lies in developing new analytical methodologies for analyzing and optimizing emerging cellular network deployments. The present Ph.D. thesis, in particular, provides three main contributions to the analysis and optimization of energy-efficient cellular networks.The first contribution consists of introducing a tractable approach for assessing the feasibility of multiple-antenna cellular networks, where low-energy mobile devices decode data and harvest power from the same received signal. Tools from stochastic geometry are used to quantify the information rate vs. harvested power tradeoff. Our study unveils that large-scale antenna arrays and ultra-dense deployments of base stations are both necessary to harvest, with high reliability, a sufficiently high amount of power. Furthermore, the feasibility of receiver diversity for application to downlink cellular networks is investigated. Several options that are based on selection combining and maximum ratio combining are compared against each other. Our analysis shows that no scheme outperforms the others for every system setup. It suggests, on the other hand, that the low-energy devices need to operate in an adaptive fashion, by choosing the receiver diversity scheme as a function of the imposed requirements.The second contribution consists of introducing a new tractable approach for modeling and optimizing the energy efficiency of cellular networks. Unlike currently available analytical approaches that provide either simple but meaningless or meaningful but complex analytical expressions of the coverage probability and spectral efficiency of cellular networks, the proposed approach is conveniently formulated in a closed-form expression that is proved to be simple and meaningful at the same time. By relying on the new proposed formulation of the spectral efficiency, a new tractable closed-form expression of the energy efficiency of downlink cellular network is proposed, which is used for optimizing the transmit power and the density of cellular base stations. It is mathematically proved, in particular, that the energy efficiency is a unimodal and strictly pseudo-concave function in the transmit power, given the density of the base stations, and in the density of the base stations, given the transmit power. The optimal transmit power and density of base stations are proved to be the solution of simple non-linear equations.The third contribution consists of introducing a new tractable approach for analyzing the performance of multi-tier cellular networks equipped with renewable energy sources, such as solar panels. The proposed approach allows one to account for the spatial distribution of the base stations by using the theory of point processes, as well as for the random arrival and availability of energy by using Markov chain theory. By using the proposed approach, the energy efficiency of cellular networks can be quantified and the interplay between the density of base stations and energy arrival rate can be quantified and optimized