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1
QUADRINO, DANIELA ASSUNTA. "Forme e spazi del culto elle isole doriche dell’Egeo: Pholegandros, Sikinos, Anaphe, Astypalaea." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202609.
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La ricerca mira a ricostruire la vita religiosa di cinque isole dell’Egeo meridionale - Melos,
Pholegandros, Sikinos, Anaphe, Astypalaea - restituendo un’identità, nel tempo e nello spazio, alle
forme espressive del culto. Attraverso un approccio analitico alle differenti tipologie di fonti,
letterarie, epigrafiche e numismatiche, sono esaminate le manifestazioni cultuali, spesso connesse
all’orizzonte mitico. Il vasto arco cronologico indagato, compreso tra il VI secolo a.C. e la tarda età
imperiale, consente di tracciare un’evoluzione diacronica dei culti nei vari ambiti di pertinenzaThe research reconstructs the religious life of five islands of the South Aegean Sea: Melos, Pholegandros, Sikinos, Anaphe, Astyplalea; the aim is to restore an identity, in time and space, to the expressive forms of worship. Through an analytical approach to the literary, epigraphic and numismatic sources, the cultual manifestations, often connected to the mythic horizon, are examined. The wide span investigated, between the sixth century B.C. and the late Imperial Age, allows to trace a diachronic evolution of the cults into the areas of relevance
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Streb, Judith. "Hirnelektrische Korrelate der Verarbeitung anaphorischer Verweise." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=959641572.
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Lianga, Noel. "Cdk1 Regulates Anaphase Onset." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31860.
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Cdk1 is an important cell cycle regulator that, in association with different cyclin regulatory subunits, is responsible for signaling important cell cycle events in all eukaryotic cells. In budding yeast, inhibition of Cdk1 by selective deletion of cyclin subunits has been shown to prevent anaphase onset, suggesting that Cdk1 activity is critically important for triggering anaphase onset. In many eukaryotes, Cdk1 has been shown to phosphorylate subunits of the anaphase promoting complex (APC), an E3 ubiquitin ligase which directly signals anaphase onset by triggering the degradation of the anaphase inhibitor securin. It is currently unclear, however, whether the APC is the sole essential substrate of Cdk1 in anaphase onset or if Cdk1 triggers anaphase onset by phosphorylating additional proteins. Eukaryotic Cdk1 is regulated by the Wee1 family of tyrosine kinases and the Cdc25 family of phosphatases which directly oppose Wee1 activity. Wee1 phosphorylation of Cdk1 on a single tyrosine residue inhibits Cdk1 and has been shown to prevent or delay mitotic entry. In this work we sought to further elucidate the mechanism through which Cdk1 regulates anaphase onset. We showed that, in addition to regulating mitotic entry, the budding yeast Wee1 kinase and Cdc25 phosphatase (Swe1 and Mih1 respectively in S. cerevisiae) regulate anaphase onset by modulating Cdk1 activity. Activation of Swe1 delays anaphase onset and cells lacking SWE1 enter anaphase prematurely, demonstrating that Swe1 regulates anaphase onset in unperturbed cell cycles. Deletion of the CDC55 regulatory subunit of PP2A has been shown to bypass cell cycle delays due to Swe1 activation. We showed that this is due, in part, to PP2ACdc55 dephosphorylation of Cdk1 sites on the APC. We have also shown that Cdk1 directly phosphorylates separase, the protease that dissolves sister chromatid linkages upon release from inhibitory securin/separase complexes upon APC-mediated securin degradation. Similar to phosphoregulation of the APC, we showed that Cdk1 phosphorylation of separase is opposed by PP2ACdc55. Phosphoregulation of separase appears to be important for regulation of the separase substrate Slk19 which cooperates with the conserved kinesin-5 Cin8 and microtubule bundling protein Ase1 to regulate spindle elongation at the spindle midzone.
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Valente, Carlos Manuel Ferreira. "Biological control of Gonipterus platensis: current status and new possibilities." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17514.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe Australian weevil Gonipterus platensis (Marelli) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), commonly known as the Eucalyptus snout-beetle, is one of the main pests of eucalypts. Because this is a non-native species, classical biological control with natural enemies from its region of origin should be a viable control strategy. The introduction of the Australian parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) has been the main method to control the pest worldwide. However, this natural enemy is not completely effective in reducing G. platensis populations and does not avoid the occurrence of damage in several regions. Therefore, it is important to identify effective control alternatives for these areas. In this work, the economic impact of the pest and the benefit of biological control with A. nitens over the last 20 years were assessed, using Portugal as a case study. The results of the economic analysis showed that, without biological control, the losses caused by G. platensis would be at least four times higher than those occurring with partial control by A. nitens. Given the insufficient efficacy of A. nitens, the existence of other natural enemies in Australia that could be used in a classical biological control programme was evaluated. From a set of eight natural enemies identified in Tasmania, the egg parasitoid Anaphes inexpectatus Huber and Prinsloo (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) was selected for further studies. Laboratory studies comparing the biology of A. inexpectatus and A. nitens at different temperatures, a competition study between these two species, and a risk analysis for the introduction of A. inexpectatus in the Iberian Peninsula were carried out. Overall results suggest that A. inexpectatus might complement parasitism by A. nitens under field conditions without non-target effects on native fauna
N/A
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Schürcks, Lilia. "Binding and discourse: where syntax and pragmatics meet." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2003. http://d-nb.info/992464056/04.
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Maier, Michael 1983. "Origin of chromatin anaphase bridges." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565807.
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Successful chromosome segregation is crucial for the survival of a cell and to avoid diseases such as cancer. Anaphase bridges are a type of segregation defect that can arises from structurally compromised chromosomes. Little is known about the mechanisms that normally prevent them. In this study I screened for genes that normally prevent anaphase bridges in order to learn more about their origin. I found anaphase bridges to arise in replication mutants and it is possible to trigger these bridges by exposing cells to replication stress. Thus, impaired replication is one cause for anaphase bridges. Further I identified a role for the mitotic exit network (MEN) in chromosome segregation. MEN mutants display anaphase bridges and I present evidence that these bridges arise from telomeric regions and may involve un-replicated DNA.La correcta segregació dels cromosomes és esencial per la supervivencia de la cèl·lula i per evitar l’aparició de certes malalties com el càncer. Els ponts anafàsics són un tipus d’error de segregació que pot ser originat per defectes estructurals dels cromosomes. Es coneix molt poc sobre els mecanismes que eviten la formació d’aquests ponts anafàsics. En aquest estudi he fet un análisis global dels diferents gens que normalment eviten la formació d’aquests ponts, per abançar en la comprensió del seu origen. He vist que el ponts anaphasics es formen en mutants que tenen afectat el proces de replicació i que és posible de provocar la formació d’aquests ponts exposant les cèl·lules a estrés replicatiu. Per tant, els problemes en la replicació són una de les causes dels ponts d’anafase. He identificat el rol de “mitotic exit network (MEN)” en la segregació cromosómica. Els mutants per MEN formen ponts anafàsics i mostren evidències que aquests ponts probenen de regions telomèriques i podrien incloure DNA no replicat.
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Sinkevič, Miroslavas. "Subjektyvybė anapus etikos: S. Kierkegaardas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100709_113114-93276.
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Šiame darbe „Subjektyvybė anapus etikos: S. Kierkegaardas“ autorius pamėgins aptarti individo, atsidūrusio anapus etikos, būties fenomeną. Mes gyvename pasaulyje, vadovaudamiesi ir laikydamiesi tam tikrų nustatytų normų, taisyklių, reikalavimų, kurie reglamentuoja žmonių bendrabūvį. Kitais žodžiais tariant, individo santykį su kitais žmonėmis ir pasauliu reglamentuoja etika. Etika yra žmonių socialinių santykių stabilumo, harmonijos ir tvarkos garantas. Tačiau pastebime, kad dažnai yra kalbama, kad vienas ar kitas žmogus pasielgė neetiškai. Arba žmogus susiduria su tokiomis ribinėmis situacijomis, kuomet pasiremti etika arba elgtis etiškai nebegali. Tai reiškia, kad žmoguje glūdi kažkokios tai jėgos, kurios neleidžia individui būti „išverstam“ į „etikos kalbą“, jėgos, kurios laiko individą ne-etikos arba anapus etikos plotmės. Taigi šitų klausimų ir problemų sprendimo būdų bus pamėginta ieškoti šiame darbe, nuolatos remiantis S. Kierkegaardu.In the work "Subjectivity beyond ethics: S. Kierkegaard" it is trying to describe the individual who has fallen out beyond ethics and his phenomenon of being. We live in the world having some common norms, rules, requirements, that regulate the common being of people. In other words, the relationship of individual with other people and the world is regulated by ethics. Ethics is the ensurance of people's stability, harmony and order. But we notice, that it is often spoken, that one or another man behaves not ethically. That means, that a man possesses powers, that don't allow for individuality to be "translated" into ethical language. These powers keep the individual not in the ethics, but behind ethical sphere. So, these problems and questions are trying to solve in this work, all the time refering to the philosophy of Kierkegaard.
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Freyermuth-Wissler, Sylvie-Anne. "Des incoherences anaphoriques au mode d'expression scriptoral : plaidoyer pour un genre hybride et une profondeur du texte." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20082.
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Le present travail est le fruit d'une recherche menee sur un corpus de textes d'eleves des filieres professionnelles en situatrion d'echec scolaire. Les productions textuelles qui constituent le corpus etudie presentent pour la plupart d'importants obstacles a la comprehension immediate, qu'ils relevent de la semantique ou de la syntaxe. Ce travail s'organise en deux grandes parties : la premiere est consacree au traitement des coherences et incoherences anaphoriques, dans le cadre d'une analyse qui retablit l'equilibre entre les diverses approches, comme le preconise g. Kleiber au sein de sa theorie semantico-pragmatique. La seconde partie s'appuie sur les conclusions de la premiere, et particulierement sur la necessaire intervention du cognitif concernant la resolution des problemes d'incoherence, anaphorique, pour proposer l'hypothese de l'existence d'un nouveau mode d'expression, a mi-chemin entre l'oral et l'ecrit, et que je nomme scriptoral. Cette hypothese s'est consolidee a la lumiere d'un faisceau d'indices autres que les incoherences anaphoriques, a savoir notamment les problemes de delimitation de la phrase et de maitrise de la ponctuationThis work is the result of a research led about a set of texts, written by pupils of professional education who suffer from school failure. Most of the textual productions which compose the set studied, show significant hindrances to immediate understanding, as semantical or syntactical problems. This research is built up in two main parts: the first one is devoted to the treatment of anaphorical coherence and incoherences, within the framework of an analysis which restore balance between the different approaches, as g. Kleiber recommend it within his semantico- pragmatical theory. The second one is based on the conclusions of the first one, and particularly on the necessary intervention of cognitiveness about resolution of anaphorical incoherences problems, in order to suggest the hypothesis of the existence of a new way of expression, half-way between oral and written, and which i designate as scriptoral. This hypothesis got reinforced by the light of a beam of indications different from anaphorical incoherences, namely in particular problems of demarcation of sentence and problems of control of punctuation
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Lioutas, Antonio 1980. "Aurora A kinase function during anaphase." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97290.
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Aurora A (AurA) is an important mitotic kinase mainly studied for its
involvement in cell cycle progression, centrosome maturation,
mitotic spindle pole organization and bipolar spindle formation. It
localizes to duplicated centrosomes and spindle microtubules (MTs)
during mitosis where it regulates various factors participating in
metaphase spindle formation. AurA is degraded late in mitosis
suggesting that it might also have a function in anaphase. In this
study we focused in understanding AurA function during anaphase
in two different experimental systems.
First, we kept AurA active in cycled Xenopus egg extracts and found
that MTs maintained their mitotic organization longer throughout
mitotic exit. We also observed chromosome segregation defects and
problematic nuclear envelope formation. These observations
indicate that AurA activity needs to be down-regulated for the
transition from metaphase back to interphase.
To get insights into the role of AurA during metaphase-anaphase
transition we initially asked whether its kinase activity is still
necessary for the maintenance of the metaphase spindle. We saw
that the inhibition of AurA kinase activity in metaphase resulted to a
collapse of the established metaphase spindle in HeLa cells.
Indicating that AurA activity is necessary for the metaphase spindle
maintenance.
Then, we looked whether AurA kinase activity is still necessary
during anaphase. We inhibited AurA at the onset of anaphase in
Hela cells and found that anaphase spindles were smaller. We also
observed that the MT structure responsible for anaphase spindle
elongation, the central spindle, was defectively assembled and
organized. Moreover, in cells where AurA was inhibited segregation
of chromosomes was defective. These results indicate that AurA
kinase activity is necessary for anaphase spindle elongation, central
spindle assembly and organization and chromosome segregation.
To understand further how AurA regulates anaphase spindle
formation we looked known AurA substrates. We depleted TACC3,
a known AurA substrate involved in MT formation earlier in mitosis
and observed that TACC3 depletion phenocopied AurA inhibition.
This indicates that TACC3 has a function in MT organization and
chromosome segregation during anaphase and this function could
possibly be regulated by AurA.
In this study we have demonstrated that AurA activity is essential for
metaphase spindle maintenance. We also found that during
anaphase when AurA is either maintained active or inhibited MT
organization is greatly affected and chromosome segregation is
defective. Suggesting that AurA activity needs to be tightly controlled
during anaphase for a correct completion of mitosis.Aurora A (AurA) es una quinasa mitótica importante que se ha estudiado principalmente en su papel durante la progresión del ciclo celular, la maduración del centrosoma, la organización y la formación del polo y del huso mitótico. Durante la mitosis, AurA se localiza en los centrosomas duplicados y en los microtúbulos (MTs) del huso y se ha observado que regula varios factores que participan en la formación del huso mitótico. AurA se degrada al final de la mitosis indicando que pueda tener una función durante la anafase. En este estudio nos hemos centrado en la comprensión de la función de AurA durante la anafase en dos sistemas experimentales diferentes. En primer lugar, utilizando extractos de huevos de Xenopus hemos mantenido AurA activa durante la transición de metafase a anafase y hemos visto que los MTs del huso mitótico mantienen su organización durante más tiempo. También hemos observado que cuando AurA se mantiene activa existen defectos en la segregación cromosómica y la formación de la membrana nuclear. Esto indica que la actividad de AurA tiene un papel regulador sobre los MTs y la chromatina durante la transición de la metafase a la interfase. Para entender cual es la función de AurA durante la transición de metafase a anafase primero hemos estudiado si la actividad de la quinasa es necesaria para el mantenimiento del huso mitótico. Hemos visto que la inhibición de la actividad quinasa AurA resultó en el colapso del huso durante la metafase en células HeLa. Esto indica que la actividad de AurA es necesaria para el mantenimiento del huso mitótico de metafase. A continuación hemos analizamos si la actividad quinasa de AurA sigue siendo necesaria para la anafase. Para ello hemos inhibido AurA en células Hela al inicio de la anafase. En estas condiciones los husos de la anafase son más pequeños y la estructura de los MTs responsable del alargamiento del huso mitótico durante la anafase, el huso central, se organiza defectuosamente. Además, se encontraron errores durante la segregación de los cromosomas. Estos resultados indican que la actividad quinasa de AurA es necesaria para el alargamiento del huso durante la anafase y la organización y segregación cromosómica. Para entender el mecanismo de la función de AurA durante la anafase hemos estudiado a sustratos de AurA. Al estudiar TACC3 , un sustrato conocido de AurA que participa en la formación de MTs en las fase iniciales de la mitosis hemos encontrado que su eliminación de células HeLa produce el mismo fenotipo que la inhibición de AurA. Esto indica que TACC3 tiene una función en la organización de MT y la segregación de cromosomas durante la anafase y que esta función podría estar regulada por la quinasa AurA. En este estudio hemos demostrado que la actividad quinasa de AurA es esencial para el mantenimiento del huso mitótico. También hemos encontrado que durante la anafase cuando la quinasa AurA se mantiene activa o se inhibe la organización de los MTs del huso mitótico se ve muy afectada y los cromosomas se segregan defectuosamente. Por tanto los resultados de este estudio indican que la actividad quinasa de AurA está estrechamente controlada durante la anafase para el correcto cumplimiento de la mitosis.
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Rattani, Ahmed Anwer Ali. "Regulation of anaphase in mammalian meiosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639733.
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Missegregation of chromosomes during meiosis leads to formation of aneuploid eggs. Estimates suggest that in humans, about 10-30% of fertilised eggs and one-third of all miscarriages are aneuploid. Accurate chromosome segregation depends on the coordination between stepwise cohesion resolution and attachments of homologous chromosomes through kinetochores to microtubules, emanating from opposite poles of the cell. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) monitors microtubule-kinetochore attachments and prevents resolution of cohesin complexes by inhibiting the ubiquitin ligase APC/Ccdc2o until all aberrant microtubule-kinetochore attachments have been rectified by an Aurora Kinase-dependent error correction machinery. During meiosis, these pathways work in seamless coordination to achieve balanced segregation of the genome at the first meiotic division. The cross-talk between different cell cycle pathways requires members with shared affiliations. During my DPhil studies, I worked on understanding the role of two such proteins, namely Bub1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1) and Sgol2 (Shugoshin-like protein 2) in mouse oocytes. During the first meiotic division, Bub1 maintains the SAC, and through its kinase activity, Bub1 recruits Sgol2 to kinetochores to protect centromeric cohesion. This recruitment is essential for two rounds of chromosomes segregation in meiosis. Thus, Bub1localisation at kineto chores can coordinate the timing of anaphase with the centromeric cohesion protection.
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Mirchenko, L. "Mitotic checkpoint inactivation at anaphase onset." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1302282/.
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The mitotic checkpoint prevents chromosome segregation until all chromosomes have reached bi-polar orientation and come under tension on the mitotic spindle. Once this is achieved, the protease separase is activated to cleave the chromosomal cohesin complex and trigger anaphase. Cohesin cleavage releases tension between sister chromatids, however the mitotic checkpoint fails to respond to this apparent tension defect. The aim of this study was to understand why the mitotic checkpoint remains silent when sisters lose tension due to cohesin cleavage in anaphase. We showed in budding yeast that loss of sister chromatid cohesion at anaphase onset could re-activate the mitotic checkpoint. This is normally prevented by separase-dependent activation of the Cdc14 phosphatase. Cdc14 in turn downregulates the mitotic checkpoint by dephosphorylation of Sli15/INCENP, part of the conserved Aurora B kinase complex and proposed tension sensor at the kinetochores. Consequent relocation of Sli15/INCENP from centromeres to the central spindle during anaphase is a distinctive feature of the Aurora B kinase complex. Our results imply the existence of a conserved mechanism of mitotic checkpoint inactivation in anaphase. Dephosphorylation of Sli15/INCENP and its spatial separation from kinetochores prevent the checkpoint from re-engaging when tension between sister chromatids is lost in anaphase.
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KANG, OK KYUNG. "Anaphore et honorificite en coreen moderne." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081629.
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Cette these, redigee dans l'optique de la syntaxe generative, a pour objet la grammaire des pronoms du coreen parle contemporain. Pour reprendre ou anaphoriser un syntagme nominal, trois options sont disponibles : le repeter autant de fois que l'on veut, le remplacer par un pronom plein, ou recourir au pronom nul. Il n'existe pas d'exact equivalent coreen des expressions nominales fonctionnelles telles que il/le/lui. Une particularite du coreen est le trait d'honorificite, qui doit etre specifie sur toute expression anaphorique lexicalisee. Le 1er chapitre propose une analyse syntaxique de la grammaire de l'honorificite. Le 2eme chapitre decrit les pronoms de dialogue et leurs proprietes caracteristiques de liage et d'honorificite. Le 3eme chapitre est consacre aux pronoms lies, qui incluent les pronoms reflechis et le pronom nul. Ces pronoms sont toujours lies par un argument, ou bien par un operateur nul, contrastant sur ce point avec les pronoms referentiels. Le 4eme chapitre est consacre a l'accord predicatif : quatre traits d'accord sont postules pour la description du coreen : personne, honorificite, nombre, et logophoricite. La propagation de ces traits par accord predicatif permet de degager la hierarchie structurale allocutaire> topique>sujet, qui semble confirmee par les resultats d'une etude de production induite portant sur l'acquisition des marques d'honorificite en coreen. Le 5eme chapitre est consacre aux pronoms referentiels et aux noms repetes.
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Wespel, Johannes. "Zur semantischen Feinstruktur in propositionalen Einstellungskontexten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11244071.
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Veldre, Georgia. "Demonstrativa im Text eine vergleichende Untersuchung zum Französischen und Italienischen." Tübingen Niemeyer, 2000. http://d-nb.info/982981457/04.
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Harroum, Bechir. "Relations anaphoriques en arabe et en français." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070032.
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Dans cette these, faite dans le cadre theorique de la grammaire generative, un certain nombre de phenomenes syntaxiques ont ete examines. Le 1er chapitre examine l'une des questions les plus controversees en arabe moderne. Apres examen des faits et presentation des analyses de la tradition grammaticale arabe, j'ai soutenu que l'ordre vso, choisi par les grammairiens arabes, n'explique pas un certain nombre de phenomenes syntaxiques (pas d'accord total entre les traits grammaticaux du sujet et ceux du verbe ; le pronom impersonnel precedent le verbe ne se voit pas attribuer une fonction grammaticale etc. ). Tous ces faits peuvent avoir une solution si on opte pour l'ordre basique svo. Le second chapitre est consacre a l'interrogation avec et sans mouvement. Le 3eme chapitre amorce la reflexion sur les constructions reflexives : contrairement au francais, l'arabe observe deux types de constructions reflechies reciproques : un reflechi lexical et un reflechi affixe. Au quatrieme chapitre, il a ete question des relations anaphoriques. Pour qu'il y ait complementarite distributionnelle entre les anaphores (anaphor en anglais) et les pronominaux, j'ai propose d'analyser les prepositions locatives comme des operateurs (=predicats) dont l'argument sujet est depourvu de forme phonetique (=pro). Il est controle soit par le sujet soit par le c. O de la pThis study based on the generative grammar theory made possible the investigation of several syntactic facts : the first chapter analyses the most debated question in standard modern arabic. I consider that the order vso, chosen by arab grammairiens, does not explain sevral syntactic phenomena (no total agreement between grammatical features of the subject and those of the verb etc. ). These facts could have an adequate solution if the basic order svo is chosen. The second chapter debates interrogative expressions : transformational and not transformational. The third chapter examines the reflexive constructions. Arabic language offers two types of structures : with the lexical reflexive and the affixe reflexive. The forth chapter debates the anaphoric relations. I proposed to analyse locative prepositions as operators. His argument (subject) is without phonetic form (=pro) controled either by the subject or by the object of the principal sentence. The fifth chapter is allowed to passive constructions. Two approches are discussed : 1) non paradigmatic one (in opposition with traditional analysis), 2) non transformational
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Matyskiela, Mary E. "Substrate binding by the anaphase-promoting complex." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378672.
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Carter, David Maclean. "A shallow processing approach to anaphor resolution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256804.
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The thesis describes an investigation of the feasibility of resolving anaphors in natural language texts by means of a "shallow processing" approach which exploits knowledge of syntax, semantics and local focussing as heavily as possible; it does not rely on the presence of large amounts of world or domain knowledge, which are notoriously hard to process accurately. The ideas reported are implemented in a program called SPAR (Shallow Processing Anaphor Resolver), which resolves anaphoric and other linguistic ambiguities in simple English stories and generates sentence-by-sentence paraphrases that show what interpretations have been selected. Input to SPAR takes the form of semantic structures for single sentences constructed by Boguraev's English analyser. These structures are integrated into a network-style text representation as processing proceeds. To achieve anaphor resolution, SPAR combines and develops several existing techniques, most notably Sidner's theory of local focussing and Wilks' "preference semantics" theory of semantics and common sense inference. Consideration of the need to resolve several anaphors in the same sentence results in Sidner's framework being modified and extended to allow focus-based processing to interact more flexibly with processing based on other types of knowledge. Wilks' treatment of common sense inference is extended to incorporate a wider range of types of inference without jeopardizing its uniformity and simplicity. Further, his primitive-based formalism for word sense meanings is developed in the interests of economy, accuracy and ease of use. Although SPAR is geared mainly towards resolving anaphors, the design of the system allows many non-anaphoric (lexical and structural) ambiguities that cannot be resolved during sentence analysis to be resolved as a by-product of anaphor resolution.
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Sczaniecka, Matylda. "Analysis of anaphase inhibitors in fission yeast." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14371.
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As a result of checkpoint activation, a signalling cascade is initiated and a number of complexes between the checkpoint components are formed. This leads to the inhibition of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), which is the ubiquitin ligase responsible for targeting mitotic proteins: securing and cyclin B for degradation by the 26S proteasome. The complexes formed include the MCC, or Mitotic Checkpoint Complex, which in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) consists of Mad2, Mad3 checkpoint proteins together with the APC activator, Slp1 (the Cdc20 homologue). The MCC has been shown to bind and inhibit the APC in HeLa cells. In my PhD I focused on the interactions between the MCC and the APC, in particular on Mad3 protein. Mad3 is a conserved checkpoint component, homologous to human BubR1. It carries 2 putative KEN boxes, motifs, which typically target proteins for degradation (like D-boxes). We mutated both KEN boxes in S. pombe Mad3 and show that they are essential for Mad3 checkpoint function. One of the two motifs is also required for MCC formation, MCC/APC binding and Mad3 turnover in G1 stage of cell cycle. We argue that KEN boxes mediate the inhibitory interactions between checkpoint proteins and the APC. The formation of the MCC requires Mad2 and Mad3. These proteins are also dependent on one another for binding to the APC. We study the formation of the MCC, as well as its binding to the APC in different checkpoint mutants, trying to understand dependencies between these proteins and the requirement for kinetochore localisation. Finally, we make an attempt to study the cellular localisation of S1p1 and the APC and find that while S1p1 colocalises with a kinetochore marker, the APC subunits Cut9 and Lid1 remain distributed around the fission yeast nucleus.
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Jörgensen, Pia-Marie. "Regulation of mitosis : molecular analysis of the anaphase-promoting complex /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4483-0/.
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Chouit, Drissia. "L'anaphorisation : de la pronominalisation à l'ellipse : approche métaopérationnelle : analyse contrastive trilingue (anglais, français, arabe) et problèmes de traduction." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030142.
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Notre these comprend trois parties: l'anaphorisation du groupe nominal, du groupe verbal et de la relation predicative. Mais, le concept d'anaphorisation etant tres general, nous avons ete amenee a le redefinir. Nous avons etabli une distinction entre deux niveaux d'anaphorisation: celle de phase i qui signale que le contenu de sens et les traits semiques definitoires, et celle de phase 2 qui depasse le niveau semique en acceptant le deja- structure. Cette distinction s'est revelee pertinente dans les trois parties de la these. L'anaphorisation de phase 1 a ete utilisee pour expliquer le fonctionnement des pronoms, de this, et de do so alors que l'anaphorisation de phase 2 a pu nous fournir une explication pour le fonctionnement de l'article dit - defini, that, it, do that, do it, le metamorphene ing et do operateur grammatical de soudure entre le sujet et le predicat. Ce mecanisme abstrait des phases nous a permis de montrer la coherence de l'architecture qui sous-tend les trois langues etudiees et de montrer qu'une peut eclairer le fonctionnement d'une autre. Nous avons aussi confronte nos propos a ceux des chercheurs contemporains pour bien montrer ce que nous avons apporte de nouveau pour rendre le fonctionnement grammatical des langues intelligibleThis thesis is composed of three parts: nominal group anaphora, verbal group anaphora and predication anaphora. As it is too general, the concept of anaphora needed redefinition. So, i made a distinction between two types of anaphora: one of phase i which signals that when the enunciator refers to the previous context, the operation he makes is limited to the semantic programme of the items he takes back, and the other of phase 2 which signals that this semantic level is presupposed and that the grammatical structure is pre-constructed because co-accepted by the enunciator and the co-enunciator. This distinction was necessary to give a satisfactory explanation to the structuring and functioning of pronouns, this, do this and do so on the one hand (anaphora of phase 1) and the, that, it, do that, do it,-ing and do operator of syntactic liaison between subject and predicate on the other (anaphora of phase 2). This abstract mechanism of phases gave me tools to show the coherence of the architecture underlying the three languages studied, and to show that one language can shed lights on the functioning of another. I also compared my explanation to that of contemporary researchers to make explicit the new measures i brought. .
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Oelschlägel, Tobias. "Meiosis-specific Regulation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1143717017741-21454.
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Meiosis is a specialized cell cycle, which generates haploid gametes from diploid parental cells. During meiosis one round of cohesion establishment during premeiotic DNA replication mediates two rounds of chromosome segregation. During meiosis I homologous chromosomes separate, whereas sister chromatids segregate during the second meiotic division without an intervening round of DNA replication. Both rounds of chromosome segregation are triggered by an ubiquitin ligase called the Anaphase-Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C). APC/C-dependent destruction of securin/Pds1 is required to activate separase, a thiol protease that mediates chromosome segregation by cleavage of the cohesin complex. The first meiotic division is preceded by an extended prophase I, during which maternal and paternal chromatids undergo recombination. The persistence of cohesion during premeiotic S- and prophase I is essential for recombination and both meiotic nuclear divisions. In order to prevent premature loss of cohesion, the APC/C has to be inactivated during early meiosis. How the APC/C is kept inactive during premeiotic S- and prophase I was unknown. This question has been addressed by studying the APC/C subunit Mnd2 from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This work demonstrates that Mnd2 is required for the persistence of cohesion during premeiotic S- and prophase I. Mnd2 prevents premature activation of the APC/C by the meiosis-specific substrate recognition factor Ama1. In cells lacking Mnd2, the APC/C-Ama1 enzyme triggers premature ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Pds1, which leads to premature separation of sister chromatids due to an unrestrained activity of separase. Thus, chromosome segregation during meiosis depends on both inhibition of a meiosis-specific APC/C and timely activation of APC/C- dependent proteolysisDie Meiose ist ein spezialisierter Zellzyklus, der zum Ziel hat haploide Gameten aus diploiden Vorläuferzellen zu produzieren. Dafür erfolgen nach der prä-meiotischen DNA Replikation zwei aufeinanderfolgende Kernteilungen. In der ersten meiotischen Teilung erfolgt die Trennung der homologen Chromosomen. In einer zweiten meiotischen Teilung werden dann die Schwesterchromatiden getrennt. Die Trennung der Chromosomen wird durch den Anaphase-Promoting Complex oder Cyclosome (APC/C), einer Ubiquitin Ligase, reguliert. Der APC/C initiiert den Abbau von Securin/Pds1, einem Inhibitor der Thiol-Protease Separase, welche für die Trennung der Chromosomen zum Beginn der Anaphase verantwortlich ist. In einer im Vergleich zur Mitose extrem langen meiotischen Prophase I findet Rekombination zwischen maternalen und paternalen Chromosomen statt. Für diesen Vorgang, sowie für die beiden folgenden meiotischen Teilungen, wird Kohäsion zwischen den Schwesterchromatiden benötigt. Ein frühzeitiger Verlust der Kohäsion führt zur frühzeitigen Trennnung der Schwesterchromatiden, wodurch aneuploide Gameten produziert werden können. Daher muss die Aktivität des APC/C während der meiotischen Prophase I inhibiert werden. Wie der APC/C während der Prophase I inaktiviert wird, war bisher unbekannt. Einsicht in dieses Problem ergab sich aus der Untersuchung der APC/C Untereinheit Mnd2 aus der Bäckerhefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Es wird gezeigt, dass Mnd2 für den Verbleib der Kohäsion zwischen den Schwesterchromatiden während der meiotischen S- und Prophase I benötigt wird. Während dieser Phase verhindert Mnd2 die frühzeitige Aktivierung der Meiose-spezifischen Form des APC/C-Ama1. In meiotischen Zellen, die kein Mnd2 besitzen, löst das APC/C-Ama1 Enzym die Ubiquitin-abhängige Zerstörung von Pds1 aus. Dies führt zu einer frühzeitigen Aktivierung von Separase, welches die Trennung der Schwesterchromatiden schon während der meiotischen S- und Prophase I zur Folge hat. Die korrekte Verteilung der Chromosomen hängt daher sowohl von der Inhibierung als auch der Aktivierung des APC/C ab
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Torres, Matthew Phillip Borchers Christoph H. "Regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex by phosphorylation." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,936.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics." Discipline: Biochemistry and Biophysics; Department/School: Medicine.
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Schreiber, Anne. "Structural studies of the anaphase promotinq complex/cyclosome." Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539894.
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Oelschlägel, Tobias. "Meiosis-specific Regulation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24682.
Full textAbstract:
Meiosis is a specialized cell cycle, which generates haploid gametes from diploid parental cells. During meiosis one round of cohesion establishment during premeiotic DNA replication mediates two rounds of chromosome segregation. During meiosis I homologous chromosomes separate, whereas sister chromatids segregate during the second meiotic division without an intervening round of DNA replication. Both rounds of chromosome segregation are triggered by an ubiquitin ligase called the Anaphase-Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C). APC/C-dependent destruction of securin/Pds1 is required to activate separase, a thiol protease that mediates chromosome segregation by cleavage of the cohesin complex. The first meiotic division is preceded by an extended prophase I, during which maternal and paternal chromatids undergo recombination. The persistence of cohesion during premeiotic S- and prophase I is essential for recombination and both meiotic nuclear divisions. In order to prevent premature loss of cohesion, the APC/C has to be inactivated during early meiosis. How the APC/C is kept inactive during premeiotic S- and prophase I was unknown. This question has been addressed by studying the APC/C subunit Mnd2 from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This work demonstrates that Mnd2 is required for the persistence of cohesion during premeiotic S- and prophase I. Mnd2 prevents premature activation of the APC/C by the meiosis-specific substrate recognition factor Ama1. In cells lacking Mnd2, the APC/C-Ama1 enzyme triggers premature ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Pds1, which leads to premature separation of sister chromatids due to an unrestrained activity of separase. Thus, chromosome segregation during meiosis depends on both inhibition of a meiosis-specific APC/C and timely activation of APC/C- dependent proteolysis.Die Meiose ist ein spezialisierter Zellzyklus, der zum Ziel hat haploide Gameten aus diploiden Vorläuferzellen zu produzieren. Dafür erfolgen nach der prä-meiotischen DNA Replikation zwei aufeinanderfolgende Kernteilungen. In der ersten meiotischen Teilung erfolgt die Trennung der homologen Chromosomen. In einer zweiten meiotischen Teilung werden dann die Schwesterchromatiden getrennt. Die Trennung der Chromosomen wird durch den Anaphase-Promoting Complex oder Cyclosome (APC/C), einer Ubiquitin Ligase, reguliert. Der APC/C initiiert den Abbau von Securin/Pds1, einem Inhibitor der Thiol-Protease Separase, welche für die Trennung der Chromosomen zum Beginn der Anaphase verantwortlich ist. In einer im Vergleich zur Mitose extrem langen meiotischen Prophase I findet Rekombination zwischen maternalen und paternalen Chromosomen statt. Für diesen Vorgang, sowie für die beiden folgenden meiotischen Teilungen, wird Kohäsion zwischen den Schwesterchromatiden benötigt. Ein frühzeitiger Verlust der Kohäsion führt zur frühzeitigen Trennnung der Schwesterchromatiden, wodurch aneuploide Gameten produziert werden können. Daher muss die Aktivität des APC/C während der meiotischen Prophase I inhibiert werden. Wie der APC/C während der Prophase I inaktiviert wird, war bisher unbekannt. Einsicht in dieses Problem ergab sich aus der Untersuchung der APC/C Untereinheit Mnd2 aus der Bäckerhefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Es wird gezeigt, dass Mnd2 für den Verbleib der Kohäsion zwischen den Schwesterchromatiden während der meiotischen S- und Prophase I benötigt wird. Während dieser Phase verhindert Mnd2 die frühzeitige Aktivierung der Meiose-spezifischen Form des APC/C-Ama1. In meiotischen Zellen, die kein Mnd2 besitzen, löst das APC/C-Ama1 Enzym die Ubiquitin-abhängige Zerstörung von Pds1 aus. Dies führt zu einer frühzeitigen Aktivierung von Separase, welches die Trennung der Schwesterchromatiden schon während der meiotischen S- und Prophase I zur Folge hat. Die korrekte Verteilung der Chromosomen hängt daher sowohl von der Inhibierung als auch der Aktivierung des APC/C ab.
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Hannabuss, J. C. "In vitro reconstitution of the anaphase central spindle." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044566/.
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The anaphase central spindle is the major regulatory scaffold for coordinating cytokinesis; the final stage in cell division. It is constructed from two populations of microtubules, which emanate from opposite halves of the cell, until they meet at the centre, form antiparallel overlaps, and are cross-linked by microtubule bundling proteins. This cross-linked overlapping region marks the division plane, and recruits proteins that promote the membrane cleavage furrow, and the final abscission of the two daughter cells. For robust cortical signalling, and localisation of the abscission apparatus, the cell must regulate the length and alignment of the overlapping region to create a clear narrow band. What are the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation? To address this question, I use a novel assay, which allows me to use TIRF microscopy to study free-floating, dynamic, microtubule bundles, nucleated de novo in solution, and organised by purified recombinant proteins. By reverse engineering the anaphase central spindle in this way, I have discovered that only two human central spindle proteins, PRC1 and KIF4a, are necessary to organise dynamic microtubules into bundled structures with narrow, aligned, antiparallel overlaps. These results also suggest a novel functional role for human KIF4a, as an antiparallel sliding motor, capable of aligning microtubule overlaps in a bundle.
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Kirstein-Jost, Simone. "Auflösung von Anaphern im Rahmen der Informationsextraktion für Ontologie-Management im Bereich Life Sciences." Hamburg Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999217755/04.
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Ribeiro, Murilo Fonseca 1991. "Parasitismo de populações de Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) em Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e endossimbiontes associados /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181178.
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Orientador: Carlos Frederico WilckenBanca: Nádia Cristina de Oliveira
Banca: Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa
Resumo: O setor florestal brasileiro é um dos mais desenvolvidos e competitivos do mundo, sendo líder mundial em produtividade de eucalipto. A presença de grandes maciços florestais favorece a ocorrência de pragas. O gorgulho-do-eucalipto, Gonipterus platensis Marelli (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), é a principal espécie de besouro desfolhador do eucalipto no mundo. As injúrias na planta hospedeira são causadas por adultos e larvas, sendo a última responsável pelas desfolhas mais severas. Os danos podem chegar à redução de 42,8% no incremento médio anual da árvore. O controle biológico por meio do parasitoide de ovos Anaphes nitens Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) é a principal estratégia de controle de Gonipterus spp., responsável pelo controle populacional da praga desde as primeiras detecções no Brasil na década de 1950. Todavia, surtos de G. platensis têm sido observados em regiões onde ácaros do gênero Pyemotes foram detectados se alimentando de ovos de G. platensis e onde o parasitismo e o estabelecimento do parasitoide caíram. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar possíveis fatores bióticos associados ao parasitoide A. nitens, avaliando a capacidade de parasitismo em diferentes populações do parasitoide e realizando prospecção de bactérias simbiontes que possam de alguma maneira interferir no fitness do hospedeiro. Para o parasitismo entre 2 populações de A. nitens, provenientes dos Estados de São Paulo, e Espírito Santo, ambas exibiram resultados de parasitismo, porcentagem d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Brazilian forestry sector is one of the most developed and competitive in the world, being the world leader in eucalyptus productivity. The presence of large forest masses favors the occurrence of pests. The Eucalyptus-snout-beetle, Gonipterus platensis Marelli (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the main species of eucalyptus defoliator beetle in the world. Injuries to the host plant are caused by adults and larvae, the latter being responsible for the most severe defoliation. The damages can reach the reduction of 42.8% in the average annual increment of the tree. Biological control through the parasitoid Anaphes nitens Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is the main control strategy of Gonipterus spp., responsible for population control of the pest since the first detections in Brazil in the 1950s. However, outbreaks of G. platensis have been observed in regions where Pyemotes mites were detected feeding on G. platensis's eggs and where parasitism and parasitoid establishment occurred. The objective of this work was to study possible biotic factors associated with the A. nitens parasitoid, evaluating the parasitism capacity in different populations of the parasitoid and conducting prospection of symbiotic bacteria that may interfere in the host 's fitness. For the parasitism between two populations of A. nitens, from the States of São Paulo and Espírito Santo, both showed results of parasitism, emergency percentage and sexual ratio that did not differ significantly. For the p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Simner, Julia Claire. "Engaging long and short term memory during anaphor comprehension." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368489.
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This research investigates how memory representations are activated and associated when making inferences in language, and in particular during the comprehension of anaphors (Le. co-referring expressions). Experiments 1 to 6 investigate 'do it' comprehension (e.g. John bought a newspaper. He did it while the others were out). Experiments 1 and 2 (offline sentence-completion tasks) show that 'do it' processing is sensitive to both NPs (a newspaper) and VPs (bought a newspaper) in the preceding context, and to specific lexical properties of the preceding NPs. With similar tasks, Experiments 3 and 4 show that the interpretation of an ambiguous 'do it' expression is influence by (two particular) properties of the linguistic context in which it is found. Experiment 5 (a reading-time study) suggests that 'do it' processing initially targets preceding NPs (and then only subsequently, preceding VPs), and Experiment 6 (an off-line grarnmaticality judgement task) shows that the 'do it' expression is a semantically divisible construction (i.e. 'do' + 'in, rather than an 'idiomatic' expression (Le. a semantically non-divisible 'do it'). In this way, Experiments 1 to 6 investigate how the referent of an anaphor is selected from the short term memory (STM) representation of a discourse. Experiments 7 to 11 however suggest that anaphor comprehension may also target the Mental Lexicon, a long term memory (LTM) store. From four on-line probe recognition tasks, (Experiments 8 to 11), and a lexical naming pre-test of the materials (Experiment 7), we find evidence to suggest that when an anaphor is processed, the meaning of the referent may be activated in some long-term linguistic storehouse of words (Le. similar in character to the Mental Lexicon).
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San, Ginés Ruiz Aránzazu. "Anaphore et représentatiion diagrammatique : à la recherche de l'automacité." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010509.
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Est-il possible de trouver un traitement uniforme des pronoms anaphoriques dans le discours naturel ? On essaie de donner une réponse positive à cette question a partir d'une théorie de représentation du discours naturel qui part des idées sur la nature des pronoms anaphoriques, proposées par F. Corblin et P. T. Geach. On défend que Ie pronom anaphorique récupéré de l'antécédent une partie de la structure ou il est indus, en modifiant ou en ajoutant de nouveaux éléments à ceux déjà existants. Mais qu'est-ce que l'on va identifier formellement comme structure du discours ? On propose une représentation diagrammatique du discours naturel selon laquelle le pronom anaphorique récupère la structure en tant que partie d'un diagramme.
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Liu, Cheng-Pang. "Nuclear anapole moments : a manifestation of nuclear parity nonconservation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9656.
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Theissen, Anne. "Cognition et lexique : le choix du substantif en discours. l'emploi de n en premiere mention (un n) et en seconde mention (le n et ce n)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20094.
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Qu'est-ce qui decide du choix d'un substantif? pourquoi est-ce, par exemple, le nom chien qui se trouve choisi, alors que l'on aurait tout aussi bien pu prendre caniche ou animal? quoique cette question ne soit pas nouvelle, les reponses donnees restent rares et peu explicites. Notre travail se propose de combler, en partie, cette lacune en etudiant, du point de vue hierarchique, le choix du nom en discours a travers l'etude d'une sous-classe de noms bien definie et certains usages caracteristiques des determinants. Partant de previsions psycholinguistiques developpees ces dernieres annees a partir des travaux de e. Rosch, il soumet, a l'epreuve des faits discursifs, certains postulats psycholinguistiques de la semantique du prototype, l'objectif general etant de degager les facteurs responsables du niveau hierarchique du nom employe en discours. Ce travail apporte ainsi une premiere reponse a une question cruciale qui interesse aussi bien la semantique lexicale que la semantique discursive et la psycholinguistique textuelleWHAT DECIDES OF THE CHOICE OF THE NAME IN DISCOURSE? WHY, FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN THE NOUNS POODLE OR ANIMAL CAN BE USED, THE NOUN DOG IS CHOOSED? THIS QUESTION IS NOT NEW, BUT THE ANSWERS ARE FEW AND NOT VERY EXPLICIT. E. ROSCH ET AL (1976) HAVE SHOWN THAT BASIC NOUNS ARE MOST NECESSARY IN LANGUAGE AND MORE USED THAT THE SUPERORDINATE AND SUBORDINATE WORDS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT research IS TO EXAMINE THIS PSYCHOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW UE IN THE FIELD OF THE DISCOURSE AND TO ELUCIDATE, PARTLY, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH A NOUN IS CHOOSEN MORE LIKELY THAN A OTHER IN DISCOURSE
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Cardozo, Junior Marcelo Augusto. "Anahy-DVM: um módulo para escalonamento distribuído." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2221.
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Previous issue date: 14Hewlett-Packard Brasil Ltda
Atualmente o uso de aglomerados de computadores para fins de alto desempenho tem aumentado. Contudo, a programação desse tipo de arquitetura não é trivial. Pois,além de desenvolver a aplicação, detectar e explicitar a concorrência nela existente, o programador também é responsável por implementar o escalonamento de sua aplicação para efetivamente usar o paralelismo dos aglomerados. Existem ferramentas que se propõem a solucionar esses problemas; a ferramenta de programação Anahy é uma destas. Este trabalho se propõe a implementar um módulo para Anahy com fins de provêla de suporte à execução em ambientes dotados de memória distribuída. Para isso seu núcleo executivo foi estendido para que se possa ter acesso as estruturas de dados imprescindíveis à distribuição da carga computacional. Também será necessário desenvolver um mecanismo de comunicação entre os nós do aglomerado para que estes troquem as informações necessárias para o andamento da computação. Por fim, o módulo desenvolvido é avaliado através do
Lately, the usage of computer clusters has increased. However, programming for this class of architecture is non trivial. This happens due the fact that, besides programming the application, detecting and specifying its concurrency, the programmer is also responsible for coding the scheduler of the application so it can use computer clusters efficiently. There are programming tools that propose solutions for these problems, one of these tools is Anahy. This work proposes an extension for Anahy runtime in order to provide support for distributed memory environments. In order to achieve this objective, the execution core of Anahy is extended so the necessary data structures can be accessed by this module. It is also necessary to develop a comunication mechanism among the nodes of the cluster so they can exchange the necessary information to complete the computation. Finally, the module is evaluated using a synthetic application. Through this evaluation, the module is analyzed relating to its usability in the
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Dial, John Michael Borchers Christoph H. "Inhibition of the Cdh1-dependent anaphase-promoting complex by Acm1." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,967.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics." Discipline: Biochemistry and Biophysics; Department/School: Medicine.
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Green, Alison Clare. "The concept of Ananke in Greek literature before 400 BCE." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3634.
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This study seeks to explore the concept of ἀνάγκη (and the related terms ἀναγκαίος and ἀναγκαίως) in Greek literature written before 400 BCE. All passages containing these words from the time period were located, translated and analysed according to specific criteria concerning the usage and interpretation of the term. The resulting exploration was then split into five main sections: physical compulsion, moral compulsion, cosmology, circumstantial compulsion and the personification of compulsion. These sections were then examined according to both context and subtle differences in the meaning of ἀνάγκη terms within these contexts. The vast majority concerned some form of violence, physical force or fear of violent repercussions. Although the focus was on the interpretation of texts dating to before 400 BCE, owing to their fragmentary nature but considerable importance, the cosmological texts had to be examined in conjunction with later texts in order to shed more light on the meaning of ἀνάγκη in this context. Statistical analysis was performed on the 466 texts located and they were further analysed to track variations across time and genre-specific usages. Several types of usage were seen to develop only towards the end of the fifth century after 450 BCE including the notion of relative compulsions; the necessity for revenge and compelled alliances were seen to develop at this time. Recommendations were made with regards to the best and most appropriate translations; the majority of passages would require either the translation of coercion, constraint or compulsion for ἀνάγκη with the exception of the adjectival ἀναγκαίος which can mean blood relatives or similarly obligated individuals. The translation of necessity, although generally the given interpretation of ἀνάγκη was seldom appropriate since it did not grasp the entire meaning of the term in context.
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Passmore, Lori Anne. "Structural and functional studies of the anaphase promoting complex (APC)." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406167.
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Van, Roessel Peter Johannes. "A neurobiological role for the anaphase-promoting complex in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619827.
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Hansen, Lisbet B. "Contraintes sémantiques sur la relation anaphore-antécédent en anglais contemporain." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040023.
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L’anaphore inter phrastique relation cohésive référentielle anaphorise anaphori sant est étudiée sur corpus d’énoncés attestés. L’analyse des rôles des noms communs pronoms noms propres et déterminants dans l’anaphore conduit aux caractérisations référentielles de ses sn constitutifs en termes de spécificité non spécificité généricité. L’expression dynamique des caractérisations se réalise à partir d’un système de représentation sémantico référentiel des déterminants. La catégorie discursive des anaphorisants contient l’article défini les démonstratifs les pronoms personnels et possessifs. Leur analyse qui base l’anaphore sur la présupposition déictique montre la pertinence limitée des fonctions morpho syntaxiques et la prédominance des fonctions sémantiques et référentielles. L’anaphore est de finie comme la construction d’une relation de coréférence optimale après : analyse sémique des anaphorisants choix motive d’anaphorisants analyse d’anaphores particulières pose de principes de référence des anaphorèses indéfinis description de quatre anaphores : entre spécifiques entre génériques spécification quantification pose d’un principe de conceptualisation analyse écartant les coréférences virtuelles actuelles et sémantiques pose d’un principe d’implication rendant compte des références parallèles et de l’anaphore fidèle. Issues du classème anaphorèses les contraintes d’implication et de spécificité assurent l’anaphore asymétrique la dépendance interprétative celles de nominalisation et de personne la coréférence symétrique la coïncidence interprétativeThis corpus based study regards intersenttential anaphora as a referentially cohesive relation between an anaphorized and an anaphorizing form. Analysis of its constituents results in referential charaterization of the involved in terms of specificity non specificity genericity. These characterizations are dynamically ex pressed through a scheme of semantic and referential representation applying to de terminers. The discourse category of anaphorizing forms includes the definite article demonstratives personal and possessive pronouns. Analysis basing anaphora on deictic presupposition shows limited relevance of morph syntactic functions and predominance of semantic and referential functions. Anaphora is defined as a relation constructed for optimum coreference after : analyzing semantic features of anaphorizers selecting ananphorizers analyzing specific anaphoric relations stating principles for the reference of anaphorized indefinites describing four types of anaphora : relating specifics relating generics especification quantifi cation stating a reconceptualization principle eliminating potential effective and semantic coreference stating an implicitation principle accounting for parallel references and true anaphora derived from the categorizing semantic component of anaphorizers the implicitation and specificity constraints allow anaphora asymmetry interpretive dependance those of nominalization and personallow coreference symmetry interpretive coincide
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Campbell, Ian Winsten. "The Mitotic Exit Network detects spindle position and anaphase entry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122062.
Full textAbstract:
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), an essential GTPase signal-transduction cascade, controls mitotic exit in budding yeast. The MEN protects genomic integrity by ensuring chromosome segregation is complete prior to cytokinesis. Two signals are required for MEN activation: (1) movement of the nucleus into the daughter cell and (2) anaphase onset. These two events only coincide after anaphase chromosome segregation, ensuring that mitosis is complete prior to cytokinesis. The MEN is regulated by spindle position. The MEN GTPase, Tem1, is inhibited as long as the entire spindle resides in the mother cell. Tem1 becomes active when spindle elongation along the mother-daughter axis drives half of the nucleus into the bud. If spindle elongation fails to move part of the nucleus into the daughter cell, MEN activation is prevented, providing time to reposition the spindle. In addition to this spatial regulation, activation of the MEN is restricted to anaphase by inhibitory cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) phosphorylation of the MEN kinase cascade. During anaphase onset, Cdk activity decreases; creating a temporal signal that releases the MEN from inhibition. This temporal signal prevents MEN activation should the nucleus move into the daughter cell prior to anaphase. By integrating multiple inputs the MEN creates a regulated cell-cycle transition that is responsive to cell-cycle stage and spindle position.
by Ian Winsten Campbell.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology
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Harenschild, Christa. "Zur Interpretation russischer Nominalgruppen : anaphorische Bezüge und thematische Stukturen in Satz und im Text /." München : O. Sagner, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34923001z.
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Sinha, Srija. "Demonstrative anaphors in Hindi newspaper reportage : a corpus-based study /." München : Lincom Europa, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41334538s.
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Chaabani, Ilham. "L'anaphore pronominale en anglais moderne et en arabe classique : approche psychomécanique." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040074.
Full textAbstract:
Cette these traite de l'anaphore pronominale en anglais moderne et en arabe classique. Notre objectif etait de demonter, a travers les deux langues, la nature de reprise anaphorique. Nous avons procede en mettant en avant les criteres de congruence non-congruence et endophe exophore. Ces deux dichotomies nous ont permis de conclure. D'une part, que la congruence grammaticale n'est pas un critere suffisant pour determiner le bon referent dans une relation anaphorique, et que le controle du pronom de rappel n'est pas seulement linguistique mais aussi pragmatique. D'autre part, nous avons pu demontrer que dans les cas endophoriques, le referent est valide dans le passe du texte, alors que pour l'exophore, l'antecedent admet deux lieux d'existence, il est soit d'ordre situationnel (a-memoriel), ou bien, il renvoie au passe de l'esprit (memoriel). Neanmoins, la memoire est omnipresente dans les cas endophoriques ainsi qu'exophoriques car le referent, meme present dans le texte ou dans la situation, est d7abord valide memoriellement par l'allocutaire. Cependant, nous avons conclu que l'anaphore pronominale est essentiellement une operation memorielleThis thesis deals with anaphoric pronouns in modern english and classical arabic. It emphasizes reference assignation for pronominal anaphora when a strictly linguistic approach does not seem sufficient. We have proceeded in this analysis through agreement non agreement, endophora exophora diachotomies. These latters, applied to english and arabic, allowed us to conclude, firstly that grammatical ageement can not be considered in itself as a sufficient criteria to identify the relevant antecedent and that the control of pronoun is not only linguistic but also pragmatic. Secondly, in exophoric cases, the personnal pronoun can be justified either in the situation (a-memorial) or in the past of memory (memorial). Nevertheless, we consider that anaphora is basically memorial, because, even if the referent is absent from the text, it is checked by the hearer memorically
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Titos, Vivancos Iris 1986. "Topoisomerase II and dynamic microtubules solve sister chromatid intertwinings in anaphase." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287225.
Full textAbstract:
At the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, spindle microtubules pull replicated
chromosomes to the daughter cells, but full separation of long chromosome
arms is achieved in late anaphase. We have created an allelic series of long
chromosomes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in long chromosome
resolution during mitosis. With this method we have shown that long
chromosome cells are sensitized to the loss of genes involved in chromosome
structure and segregation. We have discovered that Topoisomerase II is
needed during anaphase to resolve distal regions of long chromosomes and
that the activity of the microtubule polymerase Stu2 is crucial in the resolution
of catenations. Moreover, we have identified the nuclear organization as a
new source that contributes to the topological stress accumulated in
chromosomes. Thus, topological constraints imposed by chromosome length
and nuclear architecture determine the amount of sister chromatid
intertwinings that must be resolved by Topoisomerase II and dynamic
microtubules during anaphase.A la transició entre metafase i anafase els microtúbuls del fus mitòtic transporten els cromosomes a les cèl·lules filles, tot i això la separació completa dels braços dels cromosomes no succeeix fins al final dʼanafase. Amb lʼobjectiu dʼentendre com es resolen els cromosomes llargs durant anafase, hem creat una sèrie al·lèlica de cromosomes artificalment llargs. Amb aquesta metodologia hem demostrat que les cèl·lules que contenen cromosomes llargs estan sensibilitzades a la pèrdua de gens involucrats en lʼestructura i la segregació de cromosomes. Hem descobert que la Topoisomerasa II es necesària durant anafase per resoldre les regions distals de cromosomes llargs i que lʼactivitat de la polimerasa de microtúbuls, Stu2, és essencial en la resolució de concatenacions entre cromàtides germanes. A més, hem pogut identificar lʼorganització nuclear com una nova font que contribueix a lʼestrés topològic acumulat als cromosomes. En conclusió, les restriccions topològiques que imposen tant la longitud dels cromosomes com lʼarquitectura nuclear determinen la quantitat de concatenacions entre cromàtides germanes que han de ser resoltes per la Topoisomerasa II i els microtúbuls dinàmics durant anafase.
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Orchard, Darla Gayle. "Anaphor resolution in written discourse : does phonology provide the missing link?" Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60506.
Full textAbstract:
A series of experiments was designed to investigate processes involved in written anaphor resolution. The first experiment established that lexical decisions are affected by phonological relationships between primes and targets that are presented visually. Experiment 2 explored the possibility that phonological codes are involved in processing gaps and pronouns, which are examples of surface and deep anaphors, respectively. No evidence was found to support this hypothesis. However, the complete lack of anaphor effects in Experiment 2 suggested that the lexical decision paradigm was not sensitive to anaphor processing. Experiments 3 and 4 compared the priming effects found using a probe recognition task, to those found using a lexical decision task. Results suggested that only probe recognition responses were facilitated by anaphors. Furthermore, the anaphor facilitation effect was found only for sentences containing pronouns. These results were compared to those of previous studies that have used priming methodologies.
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Lara, González Pablo. "Investigating how the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint inhibits the onset of anaphase." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-how-the-spindle-assembly-checkpoint-inhibits-the-onset-of-anaphase(91d10d3a-9fc9-4395-9a18-d29969d604f8).html.
Full textAbstract:
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) delays the onset of anaphase in response to unattached kinetochores. The mechanism by which the SAC works is by inhibiting the activity of the Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a large E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets several anaphase inhibitors for proteasome-mediated degradation, including securin and cyclin B. When the SAC is satisfied, the APC/C becomes active and this allows progression through the cell cycle. Work from the last decade identified the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) as the main transducer of the SAC. The MCC is composed of BubR1, Bub3, Mad2 and Cdc20 and it is a very potent inhibitor of the APC/C. When the SAC is active, the MCC binds the APC/C and it inhibits its activity. Once the SAC is satisfied, the MCC becomes disassembled, which allows APC/C activation and mitotic progression. However, the mechanisms that dictate MCC assembly and how it inhibits the APC/C remain to be understood. Here, I used a combination of cell biology and in vitro biochemistry to investigate the mechanism by which the MCC component BubR1 participates in the SAC. My data shows that through its interaction with Bub3, BubR1 localises to kinetochores and this event greatly facilitates its assembly onto the MCC and its SAC function. On the other hand, MCC formation and APC/C binding were only dependent on BubR1's N-terminus, therefore questioning the existence of a second Cdc20 binding site. Within this region, TPR domains and an N-terminal motif known as the KEN box (KEN1) mediates these interactions. By contrast, BubR1's second KEN box (KEN2) does not participate in MCC assembly or APC/C binding. However, both in cells and in vitro, the KEN2 box is required for APC/C inhibition. Indeed, I show that this second KEN box promotes SAC function by blocking the interaction of the APC/C with its substrates. Thus, both KEN boxes in BubR1 participate differentially in the SAC, the first to promote MCC assembly and the second one to block substrate recruitment to the APC/C.In addition, I investigated the mechanisms that mediate MCC inactivation, following SAC silencing. I observed that p31comet and APC/C activity cooperate to promote MCC turnover. The implication of these observations in our understanding of the SAC is discussed.
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Foster, Jessica. "Investigating the relationship between UbcH10 and the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8024/.
Full textAbstract:
UbcH10 functions as an E2-conjugating enzyme for the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3-ubiquitin ligase, and helps to facilitate the APC/C-dependent ubiquitylation of substrates during mitosis and G1. UbcH10 is also a proto-oncogene product that is overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Despite its ability to promote APC/C ubiquitin ligase activity, and initiate tumourigenesis, very little is known about the UbcH10 interactome. Here we used immunoprecipitations-coupled to mass spectrometry to identify the UbcH10 interactome in HeLa and RPE-1 cells. Of those proteins identified, Geminin and Cdt1 have been determined previously to be APC/C substrates. Further studies confirmed that PDZ-RhoGEF was a novel UbcH10-interacting protein, and identified PDZ-RhoGEF as a novel APC/C substrate. PDZ-RhoGEF was shown to be degraded in early mitosis in a SAC-insensitive manner, whilst overexpression of wild-type (WT) UbcH10 was shown to induce the premature degradation of PDZ-RhoGEF. ASPP1 and ASPP2 were also shown to interact with UbcH10 and be targeted for degradation by the APC/C in a SAC-sensitive manner; over expression of WT UbcH10 induced the premature degradation of both ASPP1 and ASPP2. ASPP2 was shown to be a substrate for APC/C-targeted ubiquitylation, whilst an ASPP2 species lackinf APC/C degrons stimulated p53 transcriptional activity better than WT ASPP2.
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Yeung, Wai. "RNA interference-based screenings for anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome regulatory phosphatases /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202008%20YEUNG.
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Wu, George Tatung. "The role of anaphase-promoting complex in cellular differentiation and tumorigenesis /." Access full-text from WCMC, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1528351821&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Xu, Naihan. "Regulation of the metaphase-anaphase transition in mitosis in mammalian cells /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202003%20XU.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-266). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Pomprapa, Anake [Verfasser]. "Automatic Control of Artificial Ventilation Therapy / Anake Pomprapa." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071527940/34.
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Versini, Gwennaëlle. "Etude des liens entre défauts de réplication et instabilité génomique chez la levure S. Cerevisiae." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20150.
Full textAbstract:
La réplication de l’ADN s’effectue selon un programme temporel défini par l’activation successive d’origines de réplication précoces et tardives. Les fourches de réplication, qui progressent le long des chromosomes à partir de ces origines, sont des structures particulièrement instables, qui peuvent provoquer des cassures chromosomiques lorsqu’elles entrent en collision avec divers obstacles tels que des lésions de l’ADN ou des complexes protéiques. Afin d’assurer une duplication fidèle de son génome, la levure S. Cerevisiae met en œuvre de nombreux mécanismes de surveillance et de réparation. Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis particulièrement intéressée aux protéines de checkpoint Mrc1 et Tof1, à l’hélicase Sgs1 et enfin à la culline Rtt101. L’analyse de la fonction de ces protéines en présence d’agents génotoxiques nous a permis de mettre en évidence que Mrc1p est le véritable médiateur du checkpoint de phase S et que Mrc1p et Tof1p sont requises pour permettre le redémarrage de fourches de réplication bloquées. Nous avons également observé que l’arrêt des fourches aux sites naturels de pause est un processus actif, qui est régulé par Tof1p et qui dépend de Rtt101p ou Sgs1p pour assurer la stabilité du génome. Par la suite, nous avons mis en évidence que les défauts de réplication liés à l’absence de Sgs1p ou de Rtt101p et non détectés par les checkpoints de phase S provoquent un arrêt des cellules en anaphase précoce. Cet arrêt dépend du checkpoint qui détecte les dommages de l’ADN et nous proposons qu’il s’agisse d’un mécanisme général de contrôle des défauts de réplicationThe DNA replication is executed according to a temporal program defined by the activation of early and late replication origins. The replication forks, which are moving along the chromosomes from these origins, are particularly unstable structures susceptible of breakage when they encounter obstacles such as DNA lesions or tightly bound protein-DNA complexes. To maintain the stability of the genome and ensure a correct duplication of its DNA, the yeast S. Cerevisiae has developed different kind of checkpoint and repair mechanisms. During my thesis I was particularly interested in studying the role of Mrc1 and Tof1, two S phase checkpoint proteins, of the Sgs1 helicase and lastly of the Rtt101 cullin. We observed, in the presence of genotoxic drugs, that Mrc1p is the real mediator of the replication checkpoint and also that Mrc1p and Tof1p are required to allow the restart of the replication after a replication fork arrest. We also showed that the arrest of forks at natural pause sites is an active process regulated by Tof1p and dependent on Rtt101p or Sgs1p to avoid genomic instability. In another part of the study we observed that in the absence of Sgs1p or Rtt101p unreplicated regions remain at the end of S phase. These replication defects are not detected by the S phase checkpoint but induce a new arrest in early anaphase. This arrest depends on the DNA damage checkpoint and we propose that this could be a general mechanism for sensing replication defects