Academic literature on the topic 'Anapher'

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Journal articles on the topic "Anapher"

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Valentin, Paul. "Karl Bühler und die Anapher." Cahiers d’études germaniques 37, no. 2 (1999): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cetge.1999.1486.

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Cornish, Francis. "‘Antecedentless’ anaphors: deixis, anaphora, or what? Some evidence from English and French." Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 1 (March 1996): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700000748.

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Taking a cognitive perspective, and concentrating on instances of exophora (or so-called ‘antecedentless’ anaphora), where by definition there is no co-occurring expression in terms of which a given anaphor might be interpreted (i.e. a potential ‘antecedent’), I aim to show, firstly, that so-called exophora falls within the category of anaphora proper and not deixis; secondly, that it is in terms of a conceptual representation of the situation being evoked, and not in terms of the physical situation itself, that the anaphor is interpreted; and finally, that exophora is in reality a more central manifestation of anaphora than the ‘endophoric’ type, where the ‘antecedent’ expression co-occurs with the anaphor.I will base the discussion on naturally occurring data from French and English, and will consider the contributions of gender- and number-marking within pronominal anaphors, as well as of such features of the anaphoric segment as the argument and referent-order statuses assigned to an anaphor by the governing predicator and its modifiers, and the stress and pitch characteristics of the anaphor. All these features play an important role in the assignment of a full interpretation to so-called ‘endophoric’ anaphors just as much as ‘exophoric’ ones, thereby weakening the theoretical basis for the distinction between the two types.
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Hou, Yufang, Katja Markert, and Michael Strube. "Unrestricted Bridging Resolution." Computational Linguistics 44, no. 2 (June 2018): 237–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00315.

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In contrast to identity anaphors, which indicate coreference between a noun phrase and its antecedent, bridging anaphors link to their antecedent(s) via lexico-semantic, frame, or encyclopedic relations. Bridging resolution involves recognizing bridging anaphors and finding links to antecedents. In contrast to most prior work, we tackle both problems. Our work also follows a more wide-ranging definition of bridging than most previous work and does not impose any restrictions on the type of bridging anaphora or relations between anaphor and antecedent. We create a corpus (ISNotes) annotated for information status (IS), bridging being one of the IS subcategories. The annotations reach high reliability for all categories and marginal reliability for the bridging subcategory. We use a two-stage statistical global inference method for bridging resolution. Given all mentions in a document, the first stage, bridging anaphora recognition, recognizes bridging anaphors as a subtask of learning fine-grained IS. We use a cascading collective classification method where (i) collective classification allows us to investigate relations among several mentions and autocorrelation among IS classes and (ii) cascaded classification allows us to tackle class imbalance, important for minority classes such as bridging. We show that our method outperforms current methods both for IS recognition overall as well as for bridging, specifically. The second stage, bridging antecedent selection, finds the antecedents for all predicted bridging anaphors. We investigate the phenomenon of semantically or syntactically related bridging anaphors that share the same antecedent, a phenomenon we call sibling anaphors. We show that taking sibling anaphors into account in a joint inference model improves antecedent selection performance. In addition, we develop semantic and salience features for antecedent selection and suggest a novel method to build the candidate antecedent list for an anaphor, using the discourse scope of the anaphor. Our model outperforms previous work significantly.
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Miller, Philip, Barbara Hemforth, Pascal Amsili, and Gabriel Flambard. "Missing Antecedents Found." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (August 15, 2020): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4795.

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Numerous papers have used so-called `missing antecedent phenomena' as a criterion for distinguishing deep and surface anaphora. Specifically, only the latter are claimed to licence pronouns with missing antecedents. These papers also argue that missing antecedent phenomena provide evidence that surface anaphora involve unpronounced syntactic structure in the ellipsis site. The present paper suggests that the acceptability judgments on which the argument is based exhibit a confound because they do not take discourse conditions on VPE (a surface anaphor) and VPA (a deep anaphor) into account. Two acceptability experiments provide evidence that what is relevant to the judgments are the discourse conditions and not the presence of deep vs. surface anaphors, casting doubt on the reliability of missing antecedent phenomena as a criterion for deep vs. surface status.
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Zulaica Hernández, Iker. "Resolving abstract anaphors in Spanish discourse: Underspecification and mereological structures." Linguistics 56, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 681–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0008.

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Abstract Anaphoric underspecification involves multiple potential candidate antecedents for an anaphoric expression. In abstract object anaphora, where linguistic antecedents are clauses, sentences and larger fragments of discourse, the source of referential underspecification is commonly found at the propositional level. Thus, underspecified abstract anaphors have multiple antecedents of a higher-order nature (i.e., propositions and events). Following previous research on anaphoric underspecification with nominal antecedents, I propose a hypothetical three-step process toward the resolution of underspecified abstract object anaphors by hearers in discourse: (i) creation of a complex abstract object with a mereological structure that includes all potential interpretations for an anaphor, (ii) recognition of the thematic connection among propositions intended by the speaker in the form of a specific rhetorical relation, and 3) resolution of the abstract anaphor. Potential antecedents for any underspecified abstract anaphor may include atomic propositions and complex abstract referents that result from a merged interpretation of several propositions that are thematically connected. Provided that it is available, I claim that such a merged interpretation, which is part of the mereological structure, is the preferred interpretation as it is generally interpreted as part of a general purpose by the speaker, in addition to contributing to the thematic coherence of discourse.
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Kang, Namkil. "Anaphora and Merge." Studies in English Language Teaching 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): p15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v9n1p15.

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The ultimate goal of this paper is to show that binding can be captured in terms of Merge and Transfer. It is well-known that the phi-deficiency view of anaphora is taken to be the predominant view in the Minimalist literature and that an anaphor is assumed to be a nominal that lacks one or more phi-features. We examine the phi-deficiency view of anaphora and argue that animate features, phi-features, and R-features are necessary. Korean ku-casin “he-self” and English himself underspecified for R-features are subject/object/indirect object-oriented and are strictly local anaphors. On the other hand, Korean caki “self” underspecified for phi-features is subject/object-oriented and both locally and non-locally bound. Korean caki-casin “self-self” underspecified for both features (phi-features and R-features) are subject-oriented and strictly a local anaphor. Finally, within the Minimalist work, we show that binding can be captured by animate features, phi-features, R-features, Merge, and Transfer. Transfer provides the governing category and semantic computations, by which binding can be captured.
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Palomar, M., and P. Martinez-Barco. "Computational Approach to Anaphora Resolution in Spanish Dialogues." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 15 (October 1, 2001): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.848.

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This paper presents an algorithm for identifying noun-phrase antecedents of pronouns and adjectival anaphors in Spanish dialogues. We believe that anaphora resolution requires numerous sources of information in order to find the correct antecedent of the anaphor. These sources can be of different kinds, e.g., linguistic information, discourse/dialogue structure information, or topic information. For this reason, our algorithm uses various different kinds of information (hybrid information). The algorithm is based on linguistic constraints and preferences and uses an anaphoric accessibility space within which the algorithm finds the noun phrase. We present some experiments related to this algorithm and this space using a corpus of 204 dialogues. The algorithm is implemented in Prolog. According to this study, 95.9% of antecedents were located in the proposed space, a precision of 81.3% was obtained for pronominal anaphora resolution, and 81.5% for adjectival anaphora.
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Pathanasin, Saranya, and Wirote Aroonmanakun. "A Centering Theory Analysis of Discrepancies on Subject Zero Anaphor in English to Thai Translation." MANUSYA 17, no. 1 (2014): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01701003.

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Centering theory (CT) has been adopted in analyzing 84 zero anaphors in 50 informative texts. It is found that most zero anaphors occur in Continuation state both in English texts (source texts (ST)) and Thai translation (target texts (TT)). Zero anaphors in the TT outnumber those in ST and are found in more environments. In terms of translation, most zero anaphors in source texts remain in the same form in the target texts although some items are translated into different anaphor forms. Results indicate that zero anaphor is used to keep discourse coherence and to refer to the backward-looking center (Cb) of current utterances in both languages. Therefore, most zero anaphors in source texts are translated into zero anaphors in target texts when the CT transition state of utterances in source texts and target texts is Continuation, and are translated into other anaphors when the CT transition state in source texts is changed to another transition state in the target texts. Constraints in translation of zero anaphors can be explained in terms of anaphor interpretation, salience of entities, syntactic constraint, and naturalness of translation. However, this paper focuses only on one type of anaphor, namely subject zero anaphor; investigation of other types of anaphor will reveal other discrepancies in using and translating anaphors from this language pair.
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SHOJI, Shinichi. "Understanding Reference: Morphological Marking in Japanese." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.1.9-21.

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This study investigates reference resolution with repeated-name anaphors in Japanese, particularly focusing on (i) subject anaphor with the nominative postposition ga, (ii) topic-subject anaphor with the topic postposition wa, (iii) scrambled object anaphor with the accusative postposition o, and (iv) topic-object anaphor with the topic postposition wa. A self-paced sentence-by-sentence reading experiment was conducted using two-sentence discourse items followed by comprehension questions, aiming to examine which type of anaphor would trigger a faster realization of the anaphor-antecedent relationship. The discourse items included antecedents in the first sentence and anaphors in the second sentences, and the comprehension questions asked about the antecedents in the first sentences. Results showed that the comprehension questions for the discourses that included topic anaphors (topic-subject-wa and topic-object-wa) were responded to faster than those for the discourses that included non-topic anaphors (subject-ga and scrambled object-o). The results indicate that anaphors’ topic-hood given by wa facilitates the realization of antecedents.
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Cornish, Francis. "Anaphora: Text-based or discourse-dependent?" Functions of Language 17, no. 2 (December 2, 2010): 207–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.17.2.03cor.

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The traditional definition of anaphora in purely co-textual terms as a relation between two co-occurring expressions is in wide currency in theoretical and descriptive studies of the phenomenon. Indeed, it is currently adopted in on-line psycholinguistic experiments on the interpretation of anaphors, and is the basis for all computational approaches to automatic anaphor resolution (see Mitkov 2002). Under this conception, the anaphor, a referentially-dependent expression type, requires “saturation” by an appropriate referentially-autonomous, lexically-based expression — the antecedent — in order to achieve full sense and reference. However, this definition needs to be re-examined in the light of the ways in which real texts operate and are understood, where the resulting picture is rather different. The article aims to show that the co-textual conception is misconceived, and that anaphora is essentially an integrative, discourse-creating procedure involving a three-way relationship between an “antecedent trigger”, an anaphoric predication, and a salient discourse representation. It is shown that it is only in terms of a dynamic interaction amongst the interdependent dimensions of text and discourse, as well as context, that the true complexity of anaphoric reference may be satisfactorily described. The article is intended as a contribution to the broader debate within the pages of this journal and elsewhere between the formalist and the functionalist accounts of language structure and use.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anapher"

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Streb, Judith. "Hirnelektrische Korrelate der Verarbeitung anaphorischer Verweise." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=959641572.

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Schürcks, Lilia. "Binding and discourse: where syntax and pragmatics meet." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2003. http://d-nb.info/992464056/04.

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Wespel, Johannes. "Zur semantischen Feinstruktur in propositionalen Einstellungskontexten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11244071.

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Veldre, Georgia. "Demonstrativa im Text eine vergleichende Untersuchung zum Französischen und Italienischen." Tübingen Niemeyer, 2000. http://d-nb.info/982981457/04.

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Kirstein-Jost, Simone. "Auflösung von Anaphern im Rahmen der Informationsextraktion für Ontologie-Management im Bereich Life Sciences." Hamburg Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999217755/04.

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Bürgel, Christoph. "Verallgemeinerungen in Sprache und Texten : Generalisierung, Globalisierung, Konzeptualisierung im Französischen /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014971132&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Ghattas, Kai Christian. "Rhythmus der Bilder narrative Strategien in Text- und Bildzeugnissen des 11. bis 13. Jahrhunderts." Köln Weimar Wien Böhlau, 2009. http://d-nb.info/988762838/04.

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Tingsell, Sofia. "Reflexivt och personligt pronomen : anaforisk syftning hos ungdomar i flerspråkiga storstadsmiljöer." Göteborg : Institutionen för svenska språket, Göteborgs universitet, 2007. http://hum.gu.se/institutioner/svenska-spraket/publ/gbgstudier/Per.pdf/.

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Kang, Nam-Kil. "Reflexives and the linking theory in universal grammar." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322750.

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Babillon, Laurence. "L’anaphore résomptive nominale : saillance et argumentation. Aspects contrastifs allemand - français." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040126.

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Ce travail est consacré à l’étude contrastive du fonctionnement de l’anaphore résomptive à tête nominale (ARN) en allemand et en français. Il s’appuie principalement sur un corpus de textes journalistiques. Le journaliste est un scripteur qui, par le biais de son article, désire informer son lecteur, voire le faire adhérer à sa vision du monde. Mais il est soumis à des contraintes de place. L’ARN est un moyen linguistique de choix, car elle permet un compactage par abstraction et par généralisation des informations sous la forme d’un concept introduit par le nom-tête de l’ARN. Il en ressort que les constituants de l’ARN que sont le déterminatif, le nom-tête et son expansion, et l’ARN en soi jouent un rôle non négligeable au sein de l’énoncé et du paragraphe. Afin de rendre compte de la dimension cognitive du phénomène anaphorique, le recours à la notion de saillance permet de montrer le rôle central des ARN dans la cohérence textuelle. Ce type d’expressions anaphoriques joue en outre un rôle au niveau textuel et au niveau argumentatif. L’ARN est en effet une balise saillante au service de l’argumentation. Elle permet de structurer et d’organiser le discours, ainsi que de participer à la stratégie argumentative du journaliste
The purpose of this work is to develop a contrastive study of nominal anaphoric encapsulation in German and in French. It is mainly based on a corpus of newspaper articles. Thanks to their articles, journalists want to inform their readers, and sometimes make them share their own world view. But journalists are forced to do with limited space. Nominal anaphoric encapsulation is a perfect linguistic tool because it allows concision through the abstraction and generalization of information – a concept being introduced by the head noun of the nominal anaphoric encapsulation. Therefore, constituent parts of nominal anaphoric encapsulation (determinative, head noun and its expansion) and nominal anaphoric encapsulation itself play an important role in the clause and in the paragraph. In order to analyse the cognitive dimension of the anaphoric phenomenon, we use the notion of saliency to show the central role of nominal anaphoric encapsulation in textual coherence. Furthermore, such anaphoric expressions play a role at the textual and argumentative levels. Nominal anaphoric encapsulation is actually a salient buoy supporting the argumentation. It serves to structure and organize the speech, and to participate in the argumentative strategy of journalists
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Books on the topic "Anapher"

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Garnham, Alan. Mental models and the interpretation of anaphora. Philadelphia, Pa: Psychology Press, 2000.

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Devi, Sobha Lalitha. Anaphora Processing and Applications: 7th Discourse Anaphora and Anaphor Resolution Colloquium, DAARC 2009 Goa, India, November 5-6, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

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Neale, Stephen. Descriptions. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990.

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Chierchia, Gennaro. Dynamics of meaning: Anaphora, presupposition, and the theory of grammar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

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António, Branco, ed. Anaphora: Analysis, algorithms and applications : 6th Discourse Anaphora and Anaphor Resolution Colloquium, DAARC 2007, Lagos, Portugal, March 29-30, 2007 : selected papers. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Barss, Andrew, ed. Anaphora. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755594.

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Lerner, Jan. Anaphern, Quantoren und Parallelität. Tübingen: G. Narr, 2003.

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Morocco. Wakālah al-Waṭanīyah li-Inʻāsh al-Tashghīl wa-al-Kafāʼāt. Anapec. Rabat]: Wizārat al-Tashghīl wa-al-Takwīn al-Mihanī, 2008.

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Poesio, Massimo, Roland Stuckardt, and Yannick Versley, eds. Anaphora Resolution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47909-4.

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Branco, António, Tony McEnery, and Ruslan Mitkov, eds. Anaphora Processing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.263.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anapher"

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Finkbeiner, Rita. "Deixis und Anapher." In Handbuch Pragmatik, 186–97. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04624-6_18.

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Pu, Ming-Ming. "Beyond explicit references." In Language Faculty and Beyond, 94–116. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.18.04pu.

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The present study explores the use of zero anaphor in discourse from a cognitive-functional perspective. Although zero anaphora is commonly considered to be a dividing parameter of linguistic typology between languages like Chinese and English, the study argues that it is a discourse phenomenon that manifests highest degree of cognitive accessibility and figures prominently in coding topicality and signaling maximum coherence in discourse processing. The study proposes a general zero-anaphor principle and demonstrates that, using text data from Chinese and English, zero anaphora is indeed a function of topicality and thematic coherence, and its use in discourse is remarkably similar between these two languages that are considered typologically very different.
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Garzonio, Jacopo. "Cancellazione dei riflessivi e diatesi media in russo." In Le lingue slave tra struttura e uso, 127–44. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-328-5.08.

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The author discusses the distribution of the reflexive anaphora sebja and the middle voice affix -sja/-s’ in Russian. The Russian data are discussed assuming that in languages where the middle voice morphology can encode reflexivity, anaphors can be canceled in standard object position, where Accusative Case is assigned. This entails that direct object anaphors, when realized, are not in the structural position where they receive Accusative Case; it is argued that they can surface in Focus positions. The final part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of the formal status of the middle voice affix.
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De Mulder, Walter. "Anaphora." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.4.ana2.

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Kleiber, Georges. "2. The possessiveviaassociative anaphor." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 43–71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.56.06kle.

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Kasper, Walter, Marc Moens, and Henk Zeevat. "Anaphora Resolution." In A Natural Language and Graphics Interface, 65–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46774-5_5.

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Seddik, Khadiga Mahmoud, and Ali Farghaly. "Anaphora Resolution." In Natural Language Processing of Semitic Languages, 247–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45358-8_8.

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Botley, Simon Philip, and Tony McEnery. "Discourse anaphora." In Corpus-based and Computational Approaches to Discourse Anaphora, 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.3.01bot.

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Skirl, Helge. "Metaphorical anaphors." In Anaphors in Text, 103–20. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.86.10ski.

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Khandale, Kalpana B., and C. Namrata Mahender. "Anaphora resolution." In Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval, 53–77. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003244332-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Anapher"

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Podlesskaya, V. I. ""A TOT PEROVSKOJ NE DAL VSLAST' POSPAT'": PROSODY AND GRAMMAR OF ANAPHORIC TOT THROUGH THE LENS OF CORPUS DATA." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-628-643.

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Based on data from the Russian National Corpus and the General InternetCorpus of Russian, the paper addresses syntactic, sematic and prosodic features of constructions with the demonstrative TOT used as an anaphor. These constructions have gained some attention in earlier studies [Paducheva 2016], [Berger, Weiss 1987], [Kibrik 2011], [Podlesskaya 2001], but their analysis (a) covered primarily their prototypical uses; and (b) was based on written data. The data from informal, esp. from spoken discourse show however that the actual use of these constructions may deviate considerably from the known prototype. The paper aims at bridging this gap. I claim (i) that the function of TOT is to temporary promote a referent from a less privileged discourse status to a more privileged one; and (ii) that TOT can be analyzed on a par with switch reference devices in the languages where the latter are grammatically marked (e.g. on verb forms). The following parameters of TOT-constructions are discussed: syntactic and semantic roles of TOT and of its antecedent in their respective clauses, linear and structural distances between TOT and its antecedent, animacy of the maintained referent. Special attention is payed to the information structure of the TOT construction: I give structural and prosodic evidence that TOT never has a rhematic status. The revealed actual distribution of TOT (a) adds to our understanding of cross-linguistic variation of anaphoric functions of demonstratives; and, hopefully, (b) may contribute to further developing computational approaches to coreference and anaphora resolution for Russian, e.g. by improving datasets necessary for this task.
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Carbonell, Jaime G., and Ralf D. Brown. "Anaphora resolution." In the 12th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991635.991656.

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Dorrepaal, Joke. "Discourse anaphora." In the 13th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/997939.997956.

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Guindon, Raymonde. "Anaphora resolution." In the 23rd annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981210.981237.

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Lu, Chonggang, Richong Zhang, Kai Sun, Jaein Kim, Cunwang Zhang, and Yongyi Mao. "Anaphor Assisted Document-Level Relation Extraction." In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.955.

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Di Sciullo, Anna Maria, Stanca Somesfalean, Calin Batori, and Philippe Gabrini. "Pronominal anaphora understanding." In 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isda.2010.5687037.

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Dipper, Stefanie, and Heike Zinsmeister. "Annotating discourse anaphora." In the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698412.

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Kennedy, Christopher, and Branimir Boguraev. "Anaphora for everyone." In the 16th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992628.992651.

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Eberle, Kurt, and Walter Kasper. "Tenses as anaphora." In the fourth conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/976815.976821.

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Stuckardt, Roland. "Anaphor resolution and the scope of syntactic constraints." In the 16th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/993268.993330.

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Reports on the topic "Anapher"

1

Pulgarin Díaz, John Alexander, Juliana Pérez Pérez, and Carlos Espinel Correal. In search for Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) egg parasitoids in Antioquia, Colombia. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.26.

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Abstract:
The eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus spp. are a pest of Eucalyptus stands in the world causing serious economic loses. Gonipterus platensis (Figure 1) was ¬rst reported in Antioquia (Colombia) in 2016, by the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario –ICA (ICA, 2016), threatening more than 60.000 ha planted with eucalyptus around the country. Classical biological control of these species has worked in some countries using the egg parasitoids Anaphes nitens (Girault) and Anaphes inexpectatus Huber & Prinsloo, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and complemented with di erent natural enemies (NE) in some countries (Nascimento et al. 2017). A. nitens had been reported with high e cency ¬nding G. scutellatus egg masses reaching a parasitism rate of 80–100% of eggs in North west Spain (Rivera et al. 1999). It is necessary to know Gonipterus platensis NE, including the presence of A. nitens and A. inexpectatus, in local conditions so integrated pest management programs could be designed. This is the ¬rst survey of the NE for G. platensis in Colombia.
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2

Pulgarin Díaz, John Alexander, Jhon Alveiro Quiroz Gamboa, and Carlos Espinel Correal. Predators of Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in Antioquia, Colombia. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.8.

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Abstract:
The eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus spp. are a pest of eucalyptus worldwide (Figure 1). Gonipterus platensis was rst reported in Colombia in 2016, threatening and causing economic losses in more than 60.000 ha of Eucalyptus spp. planted in the country. Classical biological control of these species has been e ective in some countries with Anaphes nitens (Girault) and A. inexpectatus Huber & Prinsloo, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), and complemented with di erent natural enemies (NE) (Nascimento et al. 2017).
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