Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anaphore (linguistique)'
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Harroum, Bechir. "Relations anaphoriques en arabe et en français." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070032.
Full textThis study based on the generative grammar theory made possible the investigation of several syntactic facts : the first chapter analyses the most debated question in standard modern arabic. I consider that the order vso, chosen by arab grammairiens, does not explain sevral syntactic phenomena (no total agreement between grammatical features of the subject and those of the verb etc. ). These facts could have an adequate solution if the basic order svo is chosen. The second chapter debates interrogative expressions : transformational and not transformational. The third chapter examines the reflexive constructions. Arabic language offers two types of structures : with the lexical reflexive and the affixe reflexive. The forth chapter debates the anaphoric relations. I proposed to analyse locative prepositions as operators. His argument (subject) is without phonetic form (=pro) controled either by the subject or by the object of the principal sentence. The fifth chapter is allowed to passive constructions. Two approches are discussed : 1) non paradigmatic one (in opposition with traditional analysis), 2) non transformational
Freyermuth-Wissler, Sylvie-Anne. "Des incoherences anaphoriques au mode d'expression scriptoral : plaidoyer pour un genre hybride et une profondeur du texte." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20082.
Full textThis work is the result of a research led about a set of texts, written by pupils of professional education who suffer from school failure. Most of the textual productions which compose the set studied, show significant hindrances to immediate understanding, as semantical or syntactical problems. This research is built up in two main parts: the first one is devoted to the treatment of anaphorical coherence and incoherences, within the framework of an analysis which restore balance between the different approaches, as g. Kleiber recommend it within his semantico- pragmatical theory. The second one is based on the conclusions of the first one, and particularly on the necessary intervention of cognitiveness about resolution of anaphorical incoherences problems, in order to suggest the hypothesis of the existence of a new way of expression, half-way between oral and written, and which i designate as scriptoral. This hypothesis got reinforced by the light of a beam of indications different from anaphorical incoherences, namely in particular problems of demarcation of sentence and problems of control of punctuation
Chouit, Drissia. "L'anaphorisation : de la pronominalisation à l'ellipse : approche métaopérationnelle : analyse contrastive trilingue (anglais, français, arabe) et problèmes de traduction." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030142.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three parts: nominal group anaphora, verbal group anaphora and predication anaphora. As it is too general, the concept of anaphora needed redefinition. So, i made a distinction between two types of anaphora: one of phase i which signals that when the enunciator refers to the previous context, the operation he makes is limited to the semantic programme of the items he takes back, and the other of phase 2 which signals that this semantic level is presupposed and that the grammatical structure is pre-constructed because co-accepted by the enunciator and the co-enunciator. This distinction was necessary to give a satisfactory explanation to the structuring and functioning of pronouns, this, do this and do so on the one hand (anaphora of phase 1) and the, that, it, do that, do it,-ing and do operator of syntactic liaison between subject and predicate on the other (anaphora of phase 2). This abstract mechanism of phases gave me tools to show the coherence of the architecture underlying the three languages studied, and to show that one language can shed lights on the functioning of another. I also compared my explanation to that of contemporary researchers to make explicit the new measures i brought. .
Theissen, Anne. "Cognition et lexique : le choix du substantif en discours. l'emploi de n en premiere mention (un n) et en seconde mention (le n et ce n)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20094.
Full textWHAT DECIDES OF THE CHOICE OF THE NAME IN DISCOURSE? WHY, FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN THE NOUNS POODLE OR ANIMAL CAN BE USED, THE NOUN DOG IS CHOOSED? THIS QUESTION IS NOT NEW, BUT THE ANSWERS ARE FEW AND NOT VERY EXPLICIT. E. ROSCH ET AL (1976) HAVE SHOWN THAT BASIC NOUNS ARE MOST NECESSARY IN LANGUAGE AND MORE USED THAT THE SUPERORDINATE AND SUBORDINATE WORDS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT research IS TO EXAMINE THIS PSYCHOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW UE IN THE FIELD OF THE DISCOURSE AND TO ELUCIDATE, PARTLY, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH A NOUN IS CHOOSEN MORE LIKELY THAN A OTHER IN DISCOURSE
Pham, Thi Nhung. "Résolution des anaphores nominales pour la compréhension automatique des textes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD049/document.
Full textIn order to facilitate the interpretation of texts, this thesis is devoted to the development of a system to identify and resolve the indirect nominal anaphora and the associative anaphora. Resolution of the indirect nominal anaphora is based on calculating salience weights of candidate antecedents with the purpose of associating these antecedents with the anaphoric expressions identified. It is processed by twoAnnexe317different methods based on a linguistic approach: the first method uses lexical and morphological parameters; the second method uses morphological and syntactical parameters. The resolution of associative anaphora is based on syntactical and semantic parameters.The results obtained are encouraging: 90.6% for the indirect anaphora resolution with the first method, 75.7% for the indirect anaphora resolution with the second method and 68.7% for the associative anaphora resolution. These results show the contribution of each parameter used and the utility of this system in the automatic interpretation of the texts
San, Ginés Ruiz Aránzazu. "Anaphore et représentatiion diagrammatique : à la recherche de l'automacité." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010509.
Full textAinola, Tiina. "(Dis)continuité référentielle en contexte dialogal. L'emploi du pronom personnel anaphorique après les séquences dialoguées." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030175.
Full textThis thesis explores the use of anaphoric personal pronoun in the narration following dialogue in literary text. The study is based on a nearly four hundred dialogue passages borrowed from XIXth century French novels. We have adopted the point of view that pronoun resolution is guided by the mental representation being constructed during discourse processing. All the expressions referring to characters, as well as implicit speakers in the absence of a reporting clause have been annotated in the passages. Besides the linguistic properties of referents, our study also considers dialogue’s alternating structure. After studying separately several features caracterizing a referent, such as +/– gender difference, +/– mentions in the narration before the dialogue, +/– being subject in the dialogue and +/– being speaker of the last quote, their combinations in chains were presented. Based on four different types of chains, a typology of transitions by referential (dis)continuity between narration, reporting clause and direct speech has been proposed. Of the studied features, the transitions are most influenced by the mentions of a referent in the narration before the dialogue and by different gender of discourse participants, but also by the referent being the speaker of the last line of the dialogue, while the fact of being the subject in the direct speech has less importance
Abdelhamid, Zellama Sana. "L’anaphore associative méronymique et l’ellipse grammaticale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD027/document.
Full textOur study focuses on elliptic mechanisms within associative meronymic anaphora. We departed fromthe assumption that in this type of anaphora, there are two structures: a deep structure and a surfacestructure. The first consists in the presence of three elements: the whole, the partitive predicate and thepart. The second, which shows the different types of ellipsis, is the topic of our work.We focused on three types of Ellipsis, which we considered typical meronymic anaphora: ellipsis ofpartitive predicate, ellipsis of the second element of the structure [N De N] and that of the anaphoricantecedent. Treated separately, nominal anaphora, verbal anaphora, and adverbial anaphora wereinitially submitted to a syntactic-semantic description, and then, to the three primary functions theory.This theory allowed us to explain the ability of certain items to be elided in the associative meronymicanaphora
Babillon, Laurence. "L’anaphore résomptive nominale : saillance et argumentation. Aspects contrastifs allemand - français." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040126.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to develop a contrastive study of nominal anaphoric encapsulation in German and in French. It is mainly based on a corpus of newspaper articles. Thanks to their articles, journalists want to inform their readers, and sometimes make them share their own world view. But journalists are forced to do with limited space. Nominal anaphoric encapsulation is a perfect linguistic tool because it allows concision through the abstraction and generalization of information – a concept being introduced by the head noun of the nominal anaphoric encapsulation. Therefore, constituent parts of nominal anaphoric encapsulation (determinative, head noun and its expansion) and nominal anaphoric encapsulation itself play an important role in the clause and in the paragraph. In order to analyse the cognitive dimension of the anaphoric phenomenon, we use the notion of saliency to show the central role of nominal anaphoric encapsulation in textual coherence. Furthermore, such anaphoric expressions play a role at the textual and argumentative levels. Nominal anaphoric encapsulation is actually a salient buoy supporting the argumentation. It serves to structure and organize the speech, and to participate in the argumentative strategy of journalists
KANG, OK KYUNG. "Anaphore et honorificite en coreen moderne." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081629.
Full textKister, Laurence. "Groupes nominaux complexes et anaphores : possibilité de reprise pronominale dans un "N1 de (dét.) N2"." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN21019.
Full textThe analysis of pronominal anaphora in "N1 de (dét. ) N2" constructions requires on the one, hand, a study of anaphora and of relations supported by "de", and on the other hand, an examination of the referential functionning of preposi tional construc-tions. To be understood, these anaphoric relations call linguistic, cognitive, si tuational and contextual information. An approach limited to' syntactic and semantic arguments does not allow to discuss all phenomena classified in this category of relations. Furthermore referent identification of linguistic antecedent recognition in a "Nl de (dét. ) N2" is related to notions of accessibility and salience
Hasni, Sihem. "Apprentissage et emploi des anaphores dans les productions écrites de jeunes tunisiens âgés de 15 à 18 ans." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30092.
Full textMouret, Pascal. "Etude et intégration de contraintes contextuelles dans la compréhension automatique du français." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22044.
Full textBaumer, Emmanuel. "Noms propres et anaphores nominales en anglais et en français : étude comparée des chaînes de référence." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070020.
Full textThis thesis is a corpus-based comparative study of (co-)referential chains m English and French. Within the framework of A. Culioli's Theory of Enunciative Operations. The study focuses on maintained reference to single (human) individuals in two different text genres, i. E. Short stories and journalistic portraits, and aims at showing that the distribution of indexical referential expressions (particularly proper nouns and nominal anaphors) is not random, but primarily depends on several factors, such as (referent) competition, discourse structure and point of view, most of which operate at discourse rather than sentence-level
Hansen, Lisbet B. "Contraintes sémantiques sur la relation anaphore-antécédent en anglais contemporain." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040023.
Full textThis corpus based study regards intersenttential anaphora as a referentially cohesive relation between an anaphorized and an anaphorizing form. Analysis of its constituents results in referential charaterization of the involved in terms of specificity non specificity genericity. These characterizations are dynamically ex pressed through a scheme of semantic and referential representation applying to de terminers. The discourse category of anaphorizing forms includes the definite article demonstratives personal and possessive pronouns. Analysis basing anaphora on deictic presupposition shows limited relevance of morph syntactic functions and predominance of semantic and referential functions. Anaphora is defined as a relation constructed for optimum coreference after : analyzing semantic features of anaphorizers selecting ananphorizers analyzing specific anaphoric relations stating principles for the reference of anaphorized indefinites describing four types of anaphora : relating specifics relating generics especification quantifi cation stating a reconceptualization principle eliminating potential effective and semantic coreference stating an implicitation principle accounting for parallel references and true anaphora derived from the categorizing semantic component of anaphorizers the implicitation and specificity constraints allow anaphora asymmetry interpretive dependance those of nominalization and personallow coreference symmetry interpretive coincide
Chaabani, Ilham. "L'anaphore pronominale en anglais moderne et en arabe classique : approche psychomécanique." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040074.
Full textThis thesis deals with anaphoric pronouns in modern english and classical arabic. It emphasizes reference assignation for pronominal anaphora when a strictly linguistic approach does not seem sufficient. We have proceeded in this analysis through agreement non agreement, endophora exophora diachotomies. These latters, applied to english and arabic, allowed us to conclude, firstly that grammatical ageement can not be considered in itself as a sufficient criteria to identify the relevant antecedent and that the control of pronoun is not only linguistic but also pragmatic. Secondly, in exophoric cases, the personnal pronoun can be justified either in the situation (a-memorial) or in the past of memory (memorial). Nevertheless, we consider that anaphora is basically memorial, because, even if the referent is absent from the text, it is checked by the hearer memorically
Auran, Cyril. "Prosodie et anaphore dans le discours en anglais et en français : cohésion et attribution référentielle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10086.
Full textVidalenc-Sabourin, Isabelle. "Traitement automatique des anaphores en français : étude linguistique préalable." Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20001.
Full textThis work takes place in the research of the group sydo-lyon, which principal activity deals with information retrieval system design. A text indexing of french textual corpus is set up by the description of the noun phrases extracted from the texts and of syntactic connections between these noun phrases. The anaphora resolution is very important for automatic text analysis because some anaphora build up syntactic connections between a noun phrase antecedent and an anaphoric, and anaphora is a relation which contributes to represent text content as it points out some noun phrases (themes). The main prospect of this work is to identify and formalise principles of anaphora resolution, so that they can be used in a computational process. It has so to study relations between anaphora and coreference, to index all anaphoric forms and antecedent forms, and to propose solution for automatic recognizing anaphorics and antecedents in texts. At last, we present the realisation of a program in prolog which gives a solution for personal pronouns. In conclusion, this work now can be pursued with improving resolution of personal pronouns and elaboration of an automatic analysis of others anaphorics
Flambard, Gabriel. "English VP anaphors : do it, do this, do that." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC022/document.
Full textThe present thesis offers a corpus study of the alternation between do it, do this and do that in their use as ‘Verb Phrase anaphors’ (VPAs), in which they refer to a salient action mentioned in previous discourse, typically by means of a VP, or exophorically to a salient action in the speech situation that is not explicitly mentioned in previous discourse. Do it/this/that have been little studied in the otherwise extant literature on anaphora and especially VP ellipsis (VPE, e.g., Kim knows the answer and Pat does too). This is because it has long been assumed that they are largely interchangeable with each other as well as with do so and VPE, so that detailed analysis of their discourse properties was not deemed worth pursuing. The examples below show that this assumption is flawed : in (1), an attested example from the BNC, do this/that so could be used instead of do it, but in (3), do that is strongly preferred. As for VPE, it is unnatural in (1) and prefers a context of the type in (2).1. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long they do it automatically now, I expect. (AB9, ok: they do this/that/so automatically…)2. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long that whenever they do, it’s always a success.3. He closes his eyes when he speaks and I don’t trust anyone who does that. (…anyone who #does this/#it/#so)Based on a sample of annotated data from the British National corpus (BNC, Davies 2004-), our study will examine the factors driving the alternation between do it/this/that. Amongst others, VPA choice is influenced by register, the presence of an adjunct after the VPA, whether or not the antecedent has already been mentioned prior to the antecedent clause, and, to a lesser extent, the saliency of the antecedent and its presumed familiarity to the addressee. Do it typically refers to highly salient actions which are then further described by means of an adjunct. Do this, by contrast, denotes actions that have not been mentioned before the antecedent clause, and does not co-occur with adjuncts as often as do it. It also allows for much less salient antecedents. Do that typically occurs without an adjunct, and sometimes bears much resemblance to VPE in its usage
Correa, Soares Eduardo. "Anaphors in discourse : anaphoric subjects in brazilian portuguese." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC105/document.
Full textThe present dissertation is concerned with the use and interpretation of null and pronominal subjects in Brazilian Portuguese. This investigation examines these phenomena in an attempt to disentangle the semantic and discursive factors that can be relevant for choice between these anaphoric expressions in Brazilian Portuguese and the way in which this choice is articulated with the general theory of anaphora resolution. The starting point of this dissertation was the research looking into null and overt subjects from the perspective of Generative Grammar, specially the Parametric Theory. Throughout the present work, however, the analyses proposed in this perspective were shown not to account for the data at stake. The generalization that poor verbal morphology is directly related to the absence or reduced frequency of null subjects, for example, is challenged through experimental data and an investigation of the relative frequency of null subjects across discourse persons in corpora. An alternative explanation presented in the previous literature, namely the importance of the antecedents’ features of Animacy and Specificity, seems to better account for the attested distribution. However, this explanation is not sufficient for understanding the choice between null and overt subjects in Brazilian Portuguese, since the number of animate and specific null subjects is still relatively higher than in languages with obligatory expression of subjects. Therefore, it is argued that discourse factors seem to play a crucial role in the use of null and overt subjects in Brazilian Portuguese. The main factors identified here are Obviousness and Contrast. The first is a standard feature in the literature about anaphora resolution (expressed by a variety of terms, such as Salience, Familiarity, Accessibility, etc.), which is part of the reverse mapping hypothesis according to which the more obvious the subject is, the less explicit the co-referential form is allowed to be. The second factor, Contrast, is the main finding of the present dissertation: as is the case for other levels of linguistic analyses and other phenomena in language, the choice of anaphoric expression in Brazilian Portuguese seems to be driven by efficiency. In the present case, this means that, when the backgrounded information and the asserted (focused) in- formation in an utterance contrast the most, it is more likely that a null subject will be used. The design of a grammar that deals with these multiple features is sketched, specifically, a multi-layered scalar probabilistic grammar is proposed, whose semantic and discourse constraints act in parallel through a probabilistic mapping. It is, thus, shown that null subjects are likely in discursive co- reference, since in these contexts their antecedents are more obvious and the focused information contrasts the most with the background. An apparent counter-example to the proposal sketched here is analyzed: the generic interpretation of null subjects. However, it is shown that the same semantic constraints cross-linguistically applied to other generic constructions can produce generic null subjects in Brazilian Portuguese, given the failure to be grounded predicted by the approach proposed here. Finally, on-line evidence for the analysis of the use and interpretation of null and pronominal subjects is provided. The results found in three eye-tracking while reading experiments provide striking evidence in favor of the proposal put forward here, according to which null and overt subjects and their interpretation can be accounted for in terms of constraints on interpretation rather than licensing
Imoto, Hidetake. "Le problème linguistique de la référence des syntagmes nominaux en français et en japonais." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081605.
Full textSablé, Franck. "Sémantique suppositionnelle et différentielle de l'algèbre discursive, d(S), appliquée aux connecteurs et, mais, si, donc." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040183.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis is to modelize the conjunctions « et » and « mais ». The result is a unification of the discursive models of the two conjunctions, conservative of the semantics, and having both a property of factorization of the hypothetical conditional independent alternative, seen as an abstraction of concrete, modelezised in a probabilistic Bayesian language, by means of a hypothetical two-dimensionality, represented by « constitutive » hypothesis, direct witnesses of the senses, and « suppositionnal » ones, witnessing by their consequences. On the one hand the concept of supposition is extended to the modelization of « si » and « donc », by a defined plural condition (generalization of particular), and secondly, the Bayesian model is confronted with the differential geometry and with the notion of consistency in a category. A calligraphic model is developed, which aims to unify positional algebra (the words) and compositional algebra (categories). Finally, a strictly multiplicative factorization is proposed through Left self Distributivity (LD-System). Supposition, interpreted as a precise quotient, is dualy qualified as both additive and multiplicative, in order to provide a link between monoid and comonoïd; thus, supposition both creates the space of points and the space of coordinates. The thesis ends with the need to develop the concept of control in linguistic, as a confrontation between « constitutive » and « suppositionnal » hypothesis, and so to build a theory of abduction as a dynamic system
Giurgea, Ion. "Recherches sur la structure interne des pronoms et des expressions nominales sans nom exprimé." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070004.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the main issues concerning the internal structure of pronouns and noun phrases without an overt noun. On the syntactic side, it distinguishes between pronouns and phrases with an empty noun. The main semantic distinction is between the nominal anaphora reading and the interpretation without nominal anaphora. This distinction does not coincide with the syntactic distinction between pronouns and phrases with an empty noun. Among pronouns, we distinguish (i) pronouns allowing adnominal modification, which differ from determiners followed by an empty noun by the form and by the absence of the N-anaphoric reading; these are mainly indefinite pronouns; we analyze them as determiners incorporating a grammatical noun; (ii) pronouns which do not allow adnominal modification, which we analyze as intransitive determiners; in this class we include Personal pronouns, except for the transitive instances of 1-2 person pi. Pronouns found in some languages. We present the main analyses of personal pronouns which have been proposed and we produce novel arguments in favor of our analysis. Concerning phrases with empty nouns or noun ellipsis, after having noticed the availability of both readings, with and without nominal anaphora, we discuss: (i) the issue of the nature of nominal anaphora (base generation or deletion) and (ii) the licensing of the empty noun. We show that there exist very general licensing conditions, but many phenomena which have been explained by syntactic licensing conditions are to be analyzed as morphological alternations
Hosni, Oueslati Meila. "Les prédicats anaphoriques en français." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131021.
Full textA nominal anaphora can be argumental as well as predicative. In this work, our concern is to study the nominal anaphoras which provide a predicative function (anaphoric predicates). The latter are considered as such only when they present the definitional criteria of a predicate (diagram of arguments and actualization) and those of an anaphora (anaphoric determination, referential incompletion and antecedence). However, all the anaphoric predicates do not present the same linguistic functioning. The description of a corpus (literary and journalistic) made it possible to distinguish 5 types of anaphoric predicates: “faithful anaphoras”, “anaphoras morphologically related to their antecedents”,“anaphoric classifiers”, “axiological classifiers” and “predicative associative anaphoras”
Gasparri, Luca. "Six Pieces on Linguistic Sameness." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0091.
Full textThe overarching theme of this dissertation is linguistic sameness: the feature by which different bits of language are able to count “as a unit” or as “the same” even if they are internally heterogeneous or exhibit different surface properties. I pursue six issues within this theme.Chapter 1 is about phonetic segments. Mainstream phonetics models continuous speech as a concatenation of discrete, letter-sized segments of unspecified temporal duration. In recent years, however, segment-based idealizations of speech have been called into question by eliminativist approaches to phonetic segments. The chapter attempts to vindicate segmental phonetics in face of the eliminativist arguments.Chapter 2 is about phonological objects. Phonological statements quantify over phonemes, which are controversial particulars. No standard ontology accepts them as part of the furniture of the world. Hence, the question arises of how phonological statements manage to exhibit their perceived distribution of truth values. The chapter proposes to address the issue by applying Stephen Yablo’s non-factualism to phonological objects.Chapter 3 is about the type-token problem. There are competing accounts of what specific relation is designated by the predicate “is a token of” as applied to the linguistic domain. The mainstream view is that tokens instantiate types, but this thesis presents several conceptual difficulties. Building on previous work by Zoltan Szabó, the chapter proposes a novel approach to the type-token problem, one based on the notion that speech sounds and inscriptions represent phonological and orthographic forms.Chapter 4 is about word counting. According to some, word type identity is established by similarity in structural-functional attributes. According to others, word type identity is established by sameness of causal-historical lineage. The two frameworks yield competing word counting policies. Which of them is metaphysically adequate? The chapter articulates a quietist take on word counting, one arguing that there is no non-theoretical fact of the matter about “how many word types exist” in any given language-infused world or scenario.Chapter 5 is about a puzzle in the theory of anaphora. Anaphoric dependency is commonly thought to entail coreference. This mainstream principle, however, appears to be violated by sentences where an off-quote unbound pronoun depends on an antecedent within closed quotation marks. The chapter argues that sentences exhibiting the described pattern do not invalidate the mainstream principle, and articulates a salience-based analysis of the problematic cases.Chapter 6 is about de jure coreference. De jure coreference is a peculiar kind of coreference relation that has attracted much attention in recent research. However, its autonomy from other varieties of coreference (most notably, accidental coreference) and its signature properties are the subject of controversy. The chapter provides a systematic presentation of the motivations underlying the introduction of de jure coreference, and defends a conservative account of its relationship to sentence grammar: the de jure vs. accidental divide is real but invisible from the standpoint of linguistic structure
Peres, Bonnemaison Karine. "Anaphore et référence en production écrite : étude de textes narratifs d'élèves de 9 à 11 ans, du CE2 au CM2." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/9764.
Full textMy dissertation aims to observe and describe the acquisition of reference marks in written production among students from CE2 to CM2 (age 9 to 11) in narrative texts. This study makes it establish a map of students' competencies in terms of referential continuity according to their class level. Much research in linguistics have focused on the question of reference from the point of view of analysis and reception, but very little from the production point of view. In the didactics of French as a first language, studies that analyse referential expression in student texts mainly examine a limited sample of texts. Furthermore, psycholinguistic studies focusing on reference from a developmental point of view are more numerous for oral than for written studies and generally concern the youngest children (ages 0 to 3). In my dissertation, I lead the study from a progressive perspective. Indeed, I consider the development of students' writing skills by studying the processes they use to introduce and maintain referents in a narrative text. In particular, I explore whether students from CE2 to CM2 (9 to 11 years old) favour anaphoric relations (Reichler-Béguelin, 1988) or reference chains (Schnedecker, 1997 and if age and referent characteristics influence their choice. To this end, I submit a problem task (Garcia-Debanc & Bonnemaison, 2014) containing several referential expressions requiring the introduction of referents of various natures (human/non-human, event, space-time indications) to 210 students from CE2 to CM2. The pupil’s linguistics marks analysis shows that class level and referent characteristics influence the number and nature of the coreferential expressions used
Depain-Delmotte, Frédérique. "Proposition d'un modèle linguistique pour la résolution d'anaphores en vue du traitement automatique des langues." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1015.
Full textJohansson-Manoury, Elisabet. "Le marqueur so en anglais contemporain : ses emplois en relation avec un élément verbal." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1403.
Full textManuélian, Hélène Riley Philip Pierrel Jean-Marie. "Descriptions définies et démonstratives Analyses de Corpus pour la Génération de Textes /." Nancy : Université Nancy 2, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc98/2003NAN21011.pdf.
Full textEl, tagouri Naima. "Les chaînes de coréférence dans les narrations chez des enfants francophones et arabes libyens." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2022.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study how young French-speaking children and Libyan Arabs build chains of corerences in a narrative task based on two corpora of different nature, (a picture book without text, and a cartoon video). These are narrations produced by two age groups 5-8 and 9-12. We are particularly interested in the different types of recovery in a coreference chain. The analyzes show that the choice of referential expressions can vary from one age group to another, and from one corpus to another, and that the type of corpus and the knowledge shared with the interlocutor can play a key role in his choice of referent
Mathurin, Elise. "IT et la question de la référence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0410.
Full textThis thesis in English linguistics studies all the uses of IT, whether referential or non-referential. Firstly, this work tries to define the concept of reference as precisely as possible. The status of IT as a "pronoun" is also analysed. Moreover, all the uses of IT (anaphoric, cataphoric, deictic, non-referential, etc.) are analysed in a wide variety of sentences (subject and object extraposition, it-cleft, left and right dislocation, idioms, advertising slogans, etc.) This thesis claims that the referential status of IT cannot simply be divided in two categories : referential or non-referential. On the contrary, it seems that reference can be calculated on a continuum or scale from strongly referential to weakly referential
Diakité, Mohamed Lamine. "Relations entre les phrases : contribution à la représentation sémantique des textes pour la compréhension automatique du langage naturel." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS025.
Full textThe work described in this thesis presents an approach of semantic representation of texts to contribute to an automatic comprehension of the natural language. The proposed approach is based on the evidence of the need for knowledge on the analyzed texts in order to discover their meaning. We thus proposed a semi-automatic approach of knowledge acquisition from texts. This acquisition is guided by a hierarchy of classes of entities organized in an ontology. Based on the principle of compositional semantic, we propose to identify relations between different entities of the text. We were interested in particular in the problem of pronominal anaphora for which we proposed a resolution method
Bianco, Maryse. "La compréhension des anaphores lors de la lecture chez les enfants de 8 à 11 ans : influence des scripts, de la surface du texte et de la tâche anticipée." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE29014.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the comprehension of anaphoric reference during reading in 8 to 11 year old children. More precisely, the research intends to determine how linguistic, semantic and pragmatic factors interact in the process of anaphoric comprehension. The experimental work is carried out by the manipulation of (a) the surface structure of a nominal anaphoric reference (b) the centrality, in a script, of the concepts embodied in the anaphoric relation, (c) the reading goal. The main results can be summerized as follows: 1) the recognition model proposed by yekovich and walker (1986) accounts for the processes used by 10 years old children when they try to recognize concepts read previously. 2) on-line data (reading times) show that comprehension is always affected by the surface structure of the anaphoric reference. However, the central concept's greater accessibility allows for the integration process to take immediately while a spillover effect is observed on peripheral anaphors. These results agree with the basic hypothesis of activation models but they cast doubt on the theoretical assumptions expressed by yekovich and walker (1987). 3)control strategies and processes adapted to the task emerge and develop between 9 and 11 years
Barbance-Guillot, Céline. "Le rôle du démonstratif dans la cohésion textuelle au XVe siècle. Eléments de grammaire textuelle." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSF0015.
Full textOur research is based on the hypothesis that in prose texts from the XVth century demonstratives play a crucial role in textual cohesion as they create a link with the preceding context while indicating a movement from one narrative sequence to another. In order to validate this hypothesis, we define different textuel organizational structures which show connected relationships. One of our objectives consists of showing how relative markers of different levels interact at the same point of a textual continuum. In this vein of analysis we indicate some of the particularities of the medieval manuscripts which partially condition the modes of structure of the written message of this period. Moreover we define the essential semantico-pragmatic properties of demonstratives and show that these properties must be related in their function. We also specify why the phenomena of textual relation cohesion are indissociable with the issue of word order in the XVth century. This method of analysis is tested on a corpus composed of three written texts at the turn of the XIVth and the XVth centuries : the last version of the first book of the "Chroniques" by Froissart (around 1400), the "Livre de la Cité des Dames" by Christine de Pizan (1405) and the "Des cas des nobles hommes" by Boccace, translated by Laurent de Premierfait (1409). The analysis of different pragmatic contexts in which the demonstrative is used in these three texts allows us to identify two particularly frequent uses of the demonstratives : namely the second use of a referent and also the summarizing demonstrative anaphora. In the course of analysis we show that the demonstrative has a triple textual function in these two contexts. In addition our research highlights some of the essential elements of grammar in XVth century texts
Dupont, Michel. "Une approche cognitive du calcul de le référence." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2084.
Full textBoulin, Myriam. "Temporal Deixis and Anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese : a contrastive study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01599127.
Full textThis thesis conducts a contrastive analysis of temporal deixis and anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese through the study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents. More generally, it explores the problems linked to the encoding of time location and time relations in English, a tensed language, vs. Mandarin Chinese, an aspectual language. This research is based on the study of a bidirectional bilingual corpus of narrative texts, film dialogues and spontaneous conversations. The Mandarin markers examined include time adverbs such as xianzai `now', nashi `at that time', dangshi 'at the time', zheshi this moment' as well as the aspectual particles final le and verbal —le. It is found that deictic and anaphoric time adverbials play a more crucial role for time location in Chinese than in English while sequential adverbs are more widely used in English than in Chinese. This is linked to the fact that English is a tensed language equipped with grammatical means of temporal location, and thus in lesser need of lexical devices for temporal location, while Mandarin is an aspectual language which codes time relations between eventualities, and is thus in lesser need of sequential markers than English. Moreover, we find that the absence of tense in Chinese results in an unmarked use of proximal time deictics such as xianzai 'flow' in narratives, while the use of now in English narratives, when combined with past tense, creates a deictic shift. It is finally found that the pragmatic uses of now and then and thei Mandarin equivalents draw from the deictic and anaphoric characteristics of the markers: now is contrastive while then is continuative
Salmon, Alt Susanne. "Référence et dialogue finalisé : de la linguistique à un modèle opérationnel." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0013_SALMON-ALT.pdf.
Full textFossard, Marion. "Aspects cognitifs de l'anaphore pronominale : approche psycholinguistique et ouverture neuropsycholinguistique auprès de deux patientes atteintes de démence type Alzheimer." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20073.
Full textThe form of referential expressions used to refer to specific entities in a discourse often depends on the way in which mental representations of these entities have been previously established. Consequently, some entities mentioned in an utterance are more salient, more"focused" than others, and this focusing would set constraints in using different types of referential expressions available. The goal of our research - based on psycholinguistic models of anaphora processing ("theory of focus" in memory, Sanford and Garrod, 1981, 1994 ; "centering theory", Grosz, Joshi & Weinstein, 1995, 1998) - is to study the referential functioning of two kinds of pronouns : anaphoric pronouns (il) and anaphoric-deictic pronouns (celui-ci). Our first experiment studying the referential contrast between anaphoric pronoun and repeated proper noun is an attempst to assess, in the French language, some results previously obtained in English by Gordon et al. (1993, 1995). Two others experiments aim at characterising the functioning of both above mentioned types of pronouns. Results indicate that only pronoun processing would be sensitive to the focusong of discourse entities (unlike repeated proper noun processing), but in opposite ways : indeed, if an anaphoric pronoun, clearly indicates to maintain attention on the focused entity, an anaphoric-deictic pronoun would rather indicate a shift in attention locus. Regarding the latter type of pronoun, whose functioning is particulary clear in situations of "control of referential ambiguity risk" (Carolles, 1995), it led us to an attempt to a simulation of induced our own results. These simulations, whose goal is to specify cognitive mechanisms underlying pronominal anaphora processing, constitute the basis for our study of referential functioning in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type
Ernst, Emilie. "Le traitement en temps réel de l'anaphore pronominale dans le langage écrit : développement normal et dysfonctionnements : apports de la théorie du Centrage." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H050.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study how children with normal reading abilities (from age 8; 11 to 10; 10) as well as dyslexic children process discourse anaphors. Uses of such anaphors are governed by a set of constraints that make some forms more appropriate than others in a given context. The Centering Theory makes specific predictions about these uses, predicting in particular that a pronoun should be preferred to denote the subject of the previous utterance. In the first two chapters of this thesis we present this theory, as well as a brief review of previous results concerning how children process anaphors. Two subsequent chapters present two off-line experiments and four online experiments. These experiments examine several types of discourse transitions in texts of variable length in which we manipulate the nature, function, and semantic role of the antecedent, as well as the nature of the anaphors. Two on-line experiments in the last empirical chapter aim at understanding the behavior of dyslexic children who have partially compensated their decoding difficulties but are still poor comprehenders. Our conclusion is that the Centering Theory seems to be too powerful to explain some fine-grained anaphoric mechanisms. Taken together, the results show developmental continuity in the processing of anaphors in written discourse. The behavior of dyslexic children shows a deviant rather than a delayed profile, a result that has direct consequences for speech therapy programs
Millogo, Victor. "Gestion des expressions anaphoriques en production écrite chez des élèves de 7 à 12 ans : aspects développementaux dans la prise en compte de l'accessibilité référentielle." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT5008.
Full textSales, Marie-Pierre. "Influence du lexique et de la syntaxe sur la reprise pronominale : exemple de ça." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100088.
Full textThe aim of this work is to describe the French pronoun ça, which is not always the informal equivalent of cela, since they cannot both commute in every context. A diachronic perspective shows that two words have contributed to create the morpheme ça : ce, a pronoun in Old French, more and more associated with là, and a locative adverb (çà) from the ci, çà, là paradigm. This origin can explain the syntactic use of ça and allows us to separate two units: a pronoun (ÇA1) and an adverb (ÇA2). However some idioms reveal that it is impossible to artificially separate two units because in some cases such as: il est plus gros que ça (‘it is bigger than this’); qui ça?(‘who did you say?’); faire ci et ça (‘to do this and that’), it cannot be decided if ça is still a pronoun or if it adds emphasis to a sentence. Our goal is also to link the pronoun ça to idiomaticity. This work deals with the specific construction ça V (as in ça vend bien! ‘it sells well’]) and, moreover, it analyses three levels of idiomatic phrases where ça is the subject of a verb: ça me fait une belle jambe [‘a fat lot of good that does me’](first level), ça craint [‘it sucks’](second level), ça barde [‘things are really going to heat up’] (third level). More than the distinction of two units and the problem of idiomaticity, our description of the French morpheme ça inscribes the word in the entire lexical paradigm: ce, ceci, cela, celui-ci, celui-là, ci, là, ce N-là
Perdicoyianni-Paléologou, Hélène. "Anaphore, cataphore et deixis chez Plaute : les emplois de is, hic, iste et ille." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040075.
Full textIn this work, we study the anaphora, cataphora and deixis made by is, hic, iste, ille, as well as the adverbs which derive from the same stem in Plautus. Specifically, we examine their syntactic and semantic functions and single out their similarities and dissimilitudes. The first part deals with anaphoras made by a N and a NS within a narrative text, those made by clauses and sentences and, finally, indirect anaphoras. This study shows that is is an authentic anaphoric endowed with a neutral function. Is maintains narrative continuity within the past. Moreover, hic links the present with the past throughout the narrative Hic and ille function as "Resumed Topic" and are endowed with a resumptive function. Finally, ille bears a degree of contrastive focality. The second part is devoted to cataphoric usages of is, hic, iste, ille which announce sentences or noun clauses as well as temporal, restictive and relative clauses in correlation. The cataphorics draw the interlocutor's attention to the speech of the locutor. The third part examines deictic usages of hic, iste, ille which function as incomplete indexical symbols. Their usages assert their traditional designation to "grammatical person " and the definition of their meaning which is referred to the sole locutor
Olsen, Lis. "Théorie linguistique et acquisition du langage : étude contrastive des relations anaphoriques, syntaxe danoise et syntaxe comparée." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080680.
Full textThis thesis treats anaphora in danish, english and french. The framework is noam chomsky's theory of a universal grammar. A modification of the binding theory is proposed based on the hypothesis that anaphores and pronouns have distinct morphological progerties, that is, in the unmarked case, anaphors are elements with-out phi-features (number-, gender- and personfeatures). This generalization allows a simplication of the binding theory associating the morphological and referentiel properties of an element. Empirical facts are presented which show that for a variety of languages, the morphological approach is more attractive than the classical approach, not only from an empirical point of view, but also as for language acquisition
Gaillat, Thomas. "Reference in interlanguage : the case of this and that : From linguistic annotation to corpus interoperability." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC107.
Full textThis thesis describes unexpected constructions based on THIS and THAT by French and Spanish learners of English. Chapter 1 raises the issue of the study of THIS and THAT as markers in the two microsystems of pro-forms and deictics. Chapter 2 covers different types of analyses of reference with THIS and THAT in native English and refers to different theoretical frameworks (Cornish, Cotte, Halliday & Hasan, Kleiber, Fraser & Joly, Lapaire & Rotgé). It cross-references representations (anaphora/deixis; endophoricity/exophoricity) with an analysis of functional realisations. Chapter 3 broaches the issue of interlanguage analysis, and it shows that a dynamic systemic approach grounded in the functional distinction of the forms is necessary. Chapter 4 gives details about existing annotation tagsets for English corpora (Penn Treebank, Claws7, ICE-GB). It shows the need for a finer-grained annotation relying on functional tags and for semantic information on the positions (subject v. Oblique). Chapter 5 describes the multilayer annotation structure which is implemented for the analysis of different corpora. It also covers the methods used to automatically annotate functional categories (as well as their evaluation), and it justifies the choices made to support corpus interoperability. Chapter 6 offers a regression analysis which provides evidence on the tendencies of the operationalised variables (the L1, the written or spoken mode of the corpora and the type of reference). Chapter 7 examines the role of the previously coded linguistic properties of the analysis. With the use of classifiers, it describes a system for automatic error analysis. Chapter 8 concludes on the methodologies used in the thesis and their implications in linguistic analysis
Hülsen, C. Reinhard. "Zur Semantik anaphorischer Pronomina : Untersuchungen scholastischer und moderner Theorien /." Leiden : E. J. Brill, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366692544.
Full textJosse, Hélène. "Sémantique & syntaxe de one en anglais contemporain." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030093.
Full textIn contemporary English, the word ONE can be used in a great variety of contexts. It appears at all levels in the Noun Phrase : on the left, in intermediary position, or as the head of the Noun Phrase, with or without modification. All these usages are known to have at their origin the Old English numeral, AN. What is the current situation? Is it possible to propose a global treatment of ONE? There are important differences that cannot be ignored - different plurals, pronunciations and stress patterns, different meanings, and different strategies for accessing meaning. This thesis demonstrates that a global treatment is in fact possible, provided that a graduated typology is proposed, taking into account both the level of semantic bleaching of ONE and its position in the Noun Phrase. This approach enables us to develop an innovative view of the relationship which holds between ONE and its antecedent, and which throws doubt on the notion of PROP
Striegnitz, Kristina. "Génération d'expressions anaphoriques : Raisonnement contextuel et planification de phrases." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10186.
Full textThis thesis investigates the contextual reasoning involved in the production of anaphoric expressions in natural language generation systems. More specifically, I propose generation strategies for two types of discourse anaphora which have not been treated in generation before: bridging descriptions and additive particles. To this end the contextual conditions that govern the use of these expressions have to be formalized. The formalization that I propose is based on notions from linguistics and extends previous approaches to the generation of co-referential anaphora. I then specify the reasoning tasks that have to be carried out in order to check the contextual conditions. I describe how they can be implemented using a state-of-the-art reasoning system for description logics, and I compare my proposal to alternative approaches using other kinds of reasoning tools. Finally, I describe an experimental implementation of the proposed approach
Baltazart, Didier. "Contribution au traitement des ambigüités anaphoriques et polysémiques." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD583.
Full textQian, Sai. "Accessibilité des référents en sémantique du discours." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0138.
Full textThis thesis has its roots in the standard Montagovian and dynamic semantic tradition. The subject is conditions under which a noun phrase may act as antecedent of a particular anaphoric expression. The work thesis deals with the accessibility of discourse referents using a formal system of dynamic semantics. The framework used is the one proposed by De Groote, Type Theoretic Dynamic Logic (TTDL) because it follows the Montagovian tradition and only makes use of standard mathematical and logical tools which allows to maintain compositionnality. We extend the coverage of TTDL to cases which are naturally problematic for classical dynamic semantic theories. In particularly, this thesis aims to extend TTDL's coverage of the accessibility of referents to two exceptions of classical dynamic theories, namely anaphora under double negation and modality. An adaptation is defined for each case and finally, an integration of various solutions is proposed, which shows the flexibility of TTDL
Azzam, Saliha. "Traitement informatique des ambigui͏̈tés (anaphores et rattachement du syntagme prépositionnel) du langage naturel : réalisation d'un prototype : clam." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040063.
Full textOur work presents a conceptual analysis methodology, i. E. , a methodology to translate natural language texts into a target language understandable by the computer. The main aim is to exploit this representation and ask questions about the semantic contain of the texts. The ontained representation must represent strictly the texts contain. The main obstacles to attempt this objective are incontestably the several kinds of ambiguity that are present at each comprehension level. In our study, we particularly focused on two types of ambiguity that are the main reasons of impoverishment results : the anaphors ambiguity and the prepositional attachment ambiguity. The anaphors problem is concerned with the implicit references to text "entities", as using, for example pronouns. The problem of preposotional attachment is caused by the very ambiguous feature of the prepositions, leading to several interpretations in the text understanding process. We propose a solution to deal with each of these two problems and a methodology to cordinate both procedures efficiently. We present a methodology to integrate, in "harmonious" way, the disambiguation process into the general strategy of the conceptual analysis