Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anarchisme – Grande-Bretagne – 19e siècle'
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Bantman, Constance. "Anarchismes et anarchistes en France et en Grande-Bretagne, 1880-1914 : échanges, représentations, transferts." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131010.
Full textThis thesis analyses the relations between the French and the British anarchist movements from 1880 to 1914. Against the historiographic prevalence of studies overlooking anarchist internationalism, or reducing it to inefficient formal institutions, it highlights the cross-influences between these movements and the informal networks underpinning them. The importance of this Franco-British connection can be observed through the rise of anarchosyndicalist propaganda, the implementation of libertarian pedagogic ventures, or international protest campaigns. Through the seemingly marginal case of the anarchists, this study also opens new vistas for a comparative study of the workers’ integration in France and Britain in the last decades of the long nineteenth century. The reception of the libertarian movement also allows for a privileged insight into French and British societies at the end of century, through the prism of a stigmatised dissident group
Kerignard, Sophie. "Les femmes, les mal entendues du discours libertaire ? : de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle à la Grande guerre." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082374.
Full textAnarchist discourse about women, from 1880 to 1914, is first analysed with three theorists : Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Max Stirner and Michel Bakounine. Two historical events also influenced the libertarians : the Russian nihilist movement and Paris Commune. They therefore place themselves somewhere between tradition and the protection of women. They develop a discourse on the role and place of women in the family unit based on a matriarchal myth and in particular producing neo-Malthusian propaganda. The libertarians also initiate contradictory thinking on free love, as illustrated by communities and several couples. Finally, the relationship between feminism and anarchy are studied. Two anarchistic tendencies stand out : libertarian feminism and anarcho-feminism, illustrated by Louis Michel, important figure of the libertarian movement, and Gabrielle Petit, feminist militant and revolutionary
Golven, Amélie. "La contribution de William Godwin au débat sur l'éducation des pauvres en Angleterre (1783-1831)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030137.
Full textIn England, at the end of the eighteenth century, the debate on the education of the poor gets stronger. Poverty is increasing and it is perceived as a threat to people’s safety. In that context, education appears as a means to regulate and solve the moral problems it triggers. William Godwin, a writer, a philosopher but also an educator takes part in the debate which articulates education, poverty and politics. The present research aims at carrying out a reading of William Godwin’s political and educationnal philosophy from the views he expressed, separately, on the issue of poverty.Though he never clearly mentioned that his educational and political thinking was also meant for the lower ranks of society, we believe that a coherent reading of his work can be performed if we suppose that his thinking was effectively destined for the poor. Defining Godwin’s contribution to the debate on education for all first implies to propose a description of the educational system in Godwin’s time. Then, an analysis of his educational plan that stands in total opposition to the education of his time has been suggested. Based on equality among men, their potential of progress and the developement of all human qualities, it intends to form independent human beings able to live harmoniously with other people. Eventually, educating means forming new men able to live in a new society. To Godwin, the new society is a place where people are educated and autonomous enough to get rid of the state. At the end of our study, it seems legitimate to assert that, in Godwin’s thinking, there is neither a society for rich people or a society for the poor, or an education for the rich and another one for the poor but rather an education and a society for everybody
Losier, Renée. "L'Architecte et le fer : Grande-Bretagne, XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0042.
Full textThe nineteenth century in great britain saw the full development of iron architecture. Three important factors contributed to the use of iron by architects, which were discussed in the first part of the thesis. The first factor was the strength of iron, which proved to be superior to stone and wood, and which permitted greater spans. The second factor was the relative fireproofing qualities of iron. The victorian age witnessed the development of a myriad of so-called fireproof floors in which iron played an important role. The third factor that determined the use of iron was its growing availability and therefore its lowering cost. The second part of the thesis discussed the attitude of the architect toward the use of industrial materials in architecture. The architect preferred to elaborate aethetic theories concerning iron which in fact express an attitude rather ambiguous. Lastly, a case study of five buildings using iron components showed that the conception of the structure was often left to the engineer or the ironfounder
Dardenne, Émilie. "Frances Power Cobbe (1822-1904) : militante victorienne : deux causes, un engagement." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20020.
Full textTireless and seasoned controversialist, the Victorian activist Frances Power Cobbe devoted her time and energy to the promotion of women's rights and to the fight against animal experimentation in scientific research. She unflaggingly committed her name and her pen to these two causes from the 1860s up until her death in 1904. How can we explain this involvement ? How did she end up confronting these two apparently unrelated issues ? Indeed, in her discourse, the subjection of women and the vivisection of animals reveal salient similarities which deserve further study ; notably in her exposure of the new Victorian medicine considered hegemonic, in her analysis of linguistic codes, as well as in her exaltation of justice and compassion. Based on the moral denunciation of principles and attitudes which she considers reactionary, the arguments formulated by Frances Power Cobbe strike us by their profoundly Victorian character and by their mere originality
Tran, Tri. "Les travailleurs du port de Londres au 19e siècle." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040141.
Full textIn the nineteenth century, London harbour was the first port in the world. The numerous trades that were established there, employed many workers, who performed a great variety of tasks, such as the handling of goods and cargoes, the building of ships, the maintenance and the policing of the port. During the nineteenth century, the condition of all these labourers declined : their wages were decreased, and the working conditions became worse. In 1889, the dockers went on strike, and were followed by the workers of most of the other trades. They demanded an increase of their wages, in order to improve their living conditions. Indeed, most of then lived in the densely populated districts of the east end of London, which were often unhealthy and dangerous. The dockers obtained their wage increase, but this victory had some negative consequences on the future of the port, which lost much of its trade and commerce, and declined rapidly in the twentieth century
Hayes, Winifred J. "L'histoire de l'enseignement de la natation en Grande-Bretagne 1846-1901." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2018.
Full textThe thesis on the evolution of the teaching of swimming is in two chronological sections 1846 – 1869 and 1870 – 1901 and after an introductory chapter on the social context examines swimming facilities, the development of swimming and the teaching of swimming. The study is on the whole of Great Britain but with case studies on the particular situations in four large towns, two in England and two in Scotland. These case studies permit understanding of the role of parliament and of local government in Great Britain. The chapters on the facilities take into consideration public action and private enterprise, technological progress and public health. The chapters on the development and teaching of swimming deal with aspects such as clubs / governing bodies / schools, amateur / professional, spectacle / competition, technical aspects and the evolution of “teachers” of swimming. The text is supplemented with numerous illustrations and tables, a bibliography rich in primary sources and archives and also in the annexe several extracts from the legislation
Paimboeuf, Françoise. "Les femmes alpinistes anglo-saxonnes à l'époque victorienne (1838-1914)." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070107.
Full textMountaineering, limited and specialized episode in the history of women, is concerned with the practice of a passtime completely opposed to the role reserved for women in victorian times. This did not prevent some women, all from a bourgeois background, from being the voluntary and sometimes solitary performers of exploits which collective memory has almost entirely suppressed. If this research has only dealt with the anglo-saxon world, this is because the britons were the first to climb for the sake of climbing. The presence of these women in the mountains is directly linked to their social class, but one finds in their mountaineering the same diversity as in the organization of their private lives. However, whatever the individual experience of each, their lives in the mountains stayed typically "feminin" and "victorian". It is necessary to ask whether these women considered female alpinism as a form of emancipation, and whether one can consider it as such. In fact, indifference is prevailing as to the currents of emancipation. The repression under which these women lived led to escapes which were both strict and individual. At a time of the decline of the british power in the world, these female alpinists are themselves symbols of both continuity and of a break with the past. Their efforts and their successes, were a denial of ideas imposed on them. They disturbed the dominant ideology, but did not change reality. But the women's privileged position in the heart of society allowed them to produce exploits which are a part of the general debate on equality between men and women
Louvier, Patrick. "La puissance navale et militaire britannique en Méditerranée (1840-1871)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040087.
Full textSurjous-Ellis, Magali. "Le jeu d'argent dans la haute société britannique entre 1743 et 1901." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040153.
Full textMonacelli-Faraut, Martine. "La Grande-Bretagne et la modernité au XIXe siècle : adaptations et réactions : thèse." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2028.
Full textGreat-Britain entered the modern era in the XIX century Britain, the new order born of the ideology of progress gave rise to several currents of resistance which are examined in this work, i. E. , the opposition movements to industrialisation and urbanisation, to economic liberalism, to the advance of female suffrage and to Irish nationalism. Though resting to a great extent on old residual patterns of thought, these reactions did not so much advocate a return to the past as tried to inform an alternative type of modernity which should therefore be defined as “alter-modern” rather than as anti-modern
Baud, Berthier Gilles. "Le commerce entre la Grande-Bretagne et la Chine, 1840-1900." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040086.
Full textThe aim of phd thesis is to evaluate the share of china in the foreign trade of great-britain during xixth century. This study goes from the access of free-trade to governmental ideology, until the adoption of imperialism because of international economic competition. The thesis is divided in two parts. First, datas have been extracted from parliamentary papers. They are based on customs revenues reports, and their treatment lakes the variations of calculation and of units of money into consideration. They are completed by a full range of charts and diagrams. The statistical datas give annual general andper items imports, exports and reesports, from 1815 till 1900 : - of global trade of great-britain - trade between great-britain, india, china and hongkong. Second, commentaries on datas deal with questions of british commercial policy, business context in china and the results of british trade with asia
Thierry, Jacques. "Traditions architecturales et décor industriel dans les midlands, 1760-1901." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20049.
Full textWhich part do architectural traditions take in the construction of industrial buildings in the midlands from 1760 to 1901 ? the study of the respective parts played by architects and engineers and major contractors provides us with numerous elements of information necessary to analyse and understand themain steps of the construction of industrial buildings. Birmingham is particularly typical of urban development during the industrial revolution. The buildings erected in the city show which sorts of architectural rules and models were up to date at that time. During the course of the xixth century, the making and development of books dealing with ornamentation in the various forms, the increase of trade exchanges and the birth of mass production transform customs andhabits of living. The review of industrial buildings of the first generation (1760-1820) andof the second generation (1820-1901), the particular study of stations and bridges and warehouses near canals and of some machines obviously shows the very decisive importance of architectural traditions in industrial design and the difficulties met by those who wanted to bring forth a new and independant style
Khelifi, Achour. "La Révolution industrielle en Grande-Bretagne vue par les voyageurs français contemporains, 1780-1840." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040106.
Full textOur doctoral thesis attempts to analyse, explain and interpret the perception and representation of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers between 1780 and 1840. It is divided into two distinct but interrelated parts. The first part is intended as an introduction to the second one. It is centered mainly on the travellers, their travels and their accounts. It tries to determine the documentary value of the travellers' accounts, which will be used as primary sources. We will undertake an internal analysis of the corpus in search of the clues which will help us in our assessment of their documentary value, focusing on the main determining factors and criteria of classification of the travellers, the motives of travel and the content and form of their accounts. This will enable us get an initial idea of the nature and value of the representations of the Industrial Revolution, which will be the subject of the second part. More substantial, the latter part will examine, analyse and interpret the selected documents, in an attempt to bring out and restore the perception and representations of the different aspects of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers. The second part will try to study, explain and interpret the evolution of the representations of the main facets of the Industrial Revolution, which caught the travellers' attention and focused their eyes. And, as a general conclusion, we will try to structure, organise and deepen the analysis in a modest attempt to bring out and underscore the overall underlying significance of the changing perception of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers, and what it tells us about their understanding of it
Rodriguez, Jacques. "Agir et écrire sur la pauvreté : l'apport des choix britanniques du dix-neuvième siècle au débat social contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0036.
Full textTizot, Jean-Yves. "Question urbaine et politique sociale en Grande-Bretagne, d'Adam Smith au Tchatchérisme." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10044.
Full textFleurot, Magali. "Le socialisme individualiste au XIXe siècle en Grande-Bretagne et en France : autonomie du sujet et développement des capacités individuelles chez les anti-collectivistes." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30069.
Full textThe object of this doctorate dissertation is to draw the lines of a particular version of Socialism – dubbed individualistic to show the difference with the collectivistic approach – which was overshadowed by Marxism and so-called “scientific” Socialism. The aim here is to go back to the roots but also to the basic principles which that version is made of. We will explore its practical embodiments in the artistic as well as pedagogical areas where the stress on individuality proved particularly successful and conducive to the inception of active pedagogy. We will first address the dichotomy between society and the individual, especially in its manifestations within the scope of communitarian initiatives in Great-Britain, France and sometimes in the United States. The second part will exemplify the same tension in the figure of the artist because of the difficulty to reconcile a political commitment with an individualistic position. The third part will be devoted to the same problem concerning educationalists and their work. Thanks to a historical approach, the purpose is to determine here whether this movement has a community of ideas and idiosyncratic characteristics. The notion that Socialism had to be based on a rapid and constant production is questioned by our postindustrial society, calling thereby for a reassessment of values and priorities. Therefore, the kind of politics which values the individual’s development and autonomy as well as a strengthening of solidarity cannot but be in harmony with today’s concerns
Pécastaing-Boissière, Muriel. "La place de l'actrice dans la société victorienne (1831-1908)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040134.
Full textThe situation of Victorian actresses within their society is very original, especially as women. Indeed, their work enables them to be economically independent, contrary to most Victorian women. Furthermore, the actresses who manage theatres can even command their male colleagues. Nevertheless, the rest of Victorian society is very suspicious of actresses, because, like prostitutes, these performers use their bodies and their emotions to earn their living. Under the influence of the evangelical revival and of the non-conformists, who violently reject actresses, most members of the middle and upper classes shun theatres, whereas the working classes find their favorite entertainment there. However, from the mid-1860s onwards, actresses become aware of the importance of their image and of that of the theatre in general when it comes to their careers. An increasing proportion of actresses come from the middle and upper classes then, and they are even more wary of their status than their colleagues who are mostly born in the profession. Under these newcomers' influence, actresses from the top of the professional hierarchy try to attract the middle and upper classes back to the theatre, and they strive to be considered as respectable women. The consequence of this movement is growing conformism, often detrimental to dramatic art. However, this enables actresses from the top of the profession to be largely accepted by society, especially from the 1880s onwards, when their salaries spectacularly increase
Dange, François. "Les catholiques libéraux français et anglais des années 1840 aux années 1880." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040020.
Full textAfter centuries of stability, the XIXth was a period of deep change. In essence, the Catholic Church is beyond time, but by its existence, it is included in time. Incapable of any adaptation, Rome wanted to conserve its traditions, centralised power and authority, even in different political surroundings. Intellectual socially elite Catholics were aware of the adaptability of the early Church. Although they accepted the Catholic Dogma, they opposed Rome's rejection of modern principles of freedom and decentralisation as had always existed in England, and in France since 1789. In France, the "Liberal Catholics" were led by F. Dupanloup and C. De Montalembert, their views being expressed in "Le Correspondant". In England, a few Britisch thinking Catholics such as Sir John Acton and Richard Simpson fought for freedom in their review, "The Rambler". John Henry Newman was their reference and inspiration. Did these two groups works together ? Up to now, research has been carried out separately on each group. However, detailed examination of correspondence between members of the two groups has shown that they discussed and adopted the same attitudes and actions towards Rome and the diehard Catholics. These matters concerned the laity in the Church, ecumenical discussions and freedom of decision in Catholic schooling. Concerted action was carried out in answer to the intransigence encountered in the Malines Case, the Syllabus, the Loyson Case and the First Vatican Council
Hajdenko-Marshall, Catherine. "Walter Bagehot (1826-1877) : théorie politique et constitutionnelle." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030078.
Full textHamonet, Marie-Annick. "Les épidémies de typhus dans le Royaume-Uni au XIXe siècle." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030079.
Full textEpidemics of fevers devastated the united kingdom in the 19th century : cholera and typhoid were identified but the cause of typhus remained unknown at the end of the century. This fever develops when overcrowding and dirt are gathered - with the industrialisation of england, masses of workers and millions of irish rushed into the towns in search of employment. Epidemics ravaged big cities but also country cottages. Typhus developped too on board the ships of the royal navy, commerce ships and on the immigrant boats - typhus was imported and exported as some study cases show it. Social novelist such as charles dickens, elisabeth gaskell and charles kingsley have found inspiration in typhus in slums. Illustrators such as gustave dore too described the misery and disease in london the cause of typhus, the most devastating disease with tuberculosis, remained unknown at the end of the 20th century
Moret, Frédéric. "Les socialistes britanniques et français et la ville : 1820-1850." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070013.
Full textThe thought of british and french socialists ou the city is full of rural nostalgy. The city is the place of the social cuisis, of economic, sanitary, architectural disovder. Urban conditions of life ( lodging, eating, education. . . ) avec used as argument for the socialist ideas promotion. Community will offer to its in habitants everything the city doesn't offer. However, the city has a very inportant place in the socialist theory. It is the place of history, progress, science, culture. Socialist militantism is only urban. Through the urban question, some socialists ( and particularly the fourievists) move to a politic approach
Molina, Eric. "Les arguments des antiabolitionnistes anglais : 1763-1833." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30030.
Full textFor many reasons, the abolition debate and its evolution in 18th century England , due to the arrival of a strong abolitionist current, can be distinguished from the other discourses on slavery which existed in the rest of Europe and in America at the same time. It will be contended that there is a real specificity in the English abolition debate compared with the other slave states, for several reasons that will be analyzed along three lines: first, the philosophical arguments will be examined, as well as the struggle of the supporters of slavery on political and religious grounds. We shall try to establish who the English antiabolitionists were , and how they tried to respond to the attacks of their opponents from the 1770's until the abolition in 1833. The second part will be dedicated to the economical aspects of the debate and will focus on their specificity in England, with the famous ‘Zong case'. We will also study the historical works on the subject, including the theories developed by Eric Williams in ‘Capitalism and Slavery' and David Brion Davis's ‘The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution'. We will close this study of the pro slavery position in the Enlightenment by examining the juridical and judicial aspects and their consequences on the evolution of the debate in England, as illustrated by the ‘Somersett case'. The current thesis relies on a great number of primary sources
Ruiz, Marie-José. "(É)migrer vers le « Nouveau Monde » (Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande) : sociétés d'émigration féminines et métropole en Grande-Bretagne (1860-1914)." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC080.
Full textIn 19th century Britain, female emigration societies were given the responsibility of middle class women's emigration to the Australian and New Zealand colonies. These gentlewomen's departure was semi-voluntary as they were « supernumerary », could not get a job nor an education, and werE thus denied survival opportunities in the Mother Country. They had no other choice than accepting to people the colonies that were believed to offer them brighter futures. Following the 1851 Census, unmarried and to a certain extent non-mother women were considered as a « plague » that endangered the nation's demographic balance; lexicometric studies of the contemporaneous press confirm that single women were perceived as a national danger. The present work examines (e)migration policies and focuses on the nature of women's movement to the nation's outer limits in an organic union with the Mother Country, and within the Empire, to colonies perceived as Britain's appendices. Did the women involved in the process, recruiters and emigrants, consider that they migrated within a unique entity? Their selection followed social Darwinian precepts as they were to be the moral and social guardians of Greater Britain; the female emigrants selected by the female emigration societies were to act as biological shields against exogenous invasions and thus had to be « perfect ladies » shaped by « exceptional » women, their emigration organisers
Chassaigne, Philippe. "Le meurtre à Londres à l'époque victorienne : structures sociales et comportements criminels, 1857-1900." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040044.
Full textDuring the second half of the 19th century, acts of violence, and more particularly homicides, decrease significantly, in England as well as in London, one of the safest capitals in Europe. Far from belonging to the traditionally accused "Victorian underworld", or dangerous classes, the criminals come mainly from the lower middle classes, wholly integrated in their social surrounding. The murders committed are essentially "home" affairs, where the people are more or less closely related to one another. Most of them are unplanned, and economic motivations, even during the great depression at the end of the century, are rather scarce. Patterns of violence are partly well known, but the period considered is the one when violence seems to be mainly restricted to the family circle, unlike during the previous centuries. As for justice, it aims first at condemning all kind of protest crime (i. E. Murders for robbery, or challenging the social hierarchy), as well as those committed by persons coming from the lower classes, then escaping the current socializing of the masses, even though habits of violence are still widespread in some parts of society
Delyfer, Catherine. "Enjeux idéologiques du discours sur les arts décoratifs en Anglerre à la fin du XIXe siècle : étude de "The studio magazine", de 1893 à 1900." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30005.
Full textConnerade, Florent. "L'opium dans les sociétés britannique et indienne au dix-neuvième siècle." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20044.
Full textFollowing a brief summary giving historical and scientific data on drugs, and more particulary on papaver somniferum and its derivatives, this thesis aims at giving a complete overview of the role of opium and opiates in nineteenth century British and Indian societies. The first traces back the history of opium farming in Britain and studies the trading channels of import opium, from the production zones in Asia minor to the British retail market. The impacts of the increasing opiate consumption within every startum of British society are analysed from different perspectives, focusing especially on political, economic, legal and health issues. The effects of opium-eating in somme British nineteenth century literary circles is investigated through the life and works of De Quincey and Coleridge. Likewise, the writings of Collins, Dickens, Doyles and Wilde are used to assess the changes in attitudes towards opium and morphine abuse in late-Victorian society. The fourth part looks into the scientific breakthroughs brought about by opium, in particular: the discovery and the extraction of morphine by Serturner, and its increasing use in medicine due to the invention of the hypodermic syringe by Alexander Wood. The discovery of morphine abuse will lead the way to the first medical theories on addiction and drug abuse. The last part goes back on the history of opium poppy in South and South east Asia from its origins, and investigates the various geoplitical incidents that led China and the British Empire to clash over the issue of Indian opium imports. The end of the thesis describes in detail the nineteenth century Indian opium poppy industry and looks into the different cultural and religious practices in which opium played a part in India society
Syng-Ho, Kim. "La question de Port Hamilton (1885-1887) dans le contexte de la politique étrangère des grandes puissances." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010690.
Full textJoint-Daguenet, Roger. "La politique britannique en Mer Rouge et dans le golfe d'Aden au XIXe siècle : le rôle d'Aden, 1839-1869." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10034.
Full textDurieux, Catherine. "Femmes et genre dans les utopies britanniques et américaines du XIXe sècle." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030096.
Full textHow did utopians who purported to look sympathetically at the « Woman’s Question » construct gender in their utopias ? Did the women utopians do it differently from the male writers ? What has changed and what has remained the same in the « chain of utopias » throughout the long period under consideration ? Equality would seem to have been the basis of early-XIXth century utopias written by Robert Owen and Owenites such as William Thompson and Anna Wheeler. By contrast, mid-XIXth century Fourierites – Fourier and his American disciples Albert Brisbane, Marie Howland and Jane Appleton – seem to have been preeminently taken with the idea of liberty. American Fourierism both carried on Owen’s tradition of « material feminism » and fed « Free Love feminism ». In the late XIXth century, Edward Bellamy and William Morris – though they reacted against each other on a range of other issues – both based their utopias on the assuption that women were morally superior beings and as such should be confined to their own separate sphere where they could exercise their benevolent influence. At the turn of the century, Charlotte Perkins Gilman provided a synthesis of previous lines of thought and opened the way for some of the issues that defined the XXth century
Revest, Didier. "La rue à Londres à l'époque victorienne et édouardienne (1837-1910)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040176.
Full textPizanias, Nadia. "Les débats sur le Déluge au XIXe siècle : géologie et religion en France, Italie, Allemagne et Grande-Bretagne." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010560.
Full textBrowne, Micheál. "L’air du logement : recherches d'un minimum spatial France-Belgique-Grande-Bretagne, 1780-1880." Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0460.
Full textLegitimised by physiological criteria established since the 18th century, the research of a space minimum per occupant in the 19th century partakes of the attempts to adjust domestic space to the organic body. Situated on the fringe of several disciplines – town planning, architecture, building, medicine, biology, chemistry and physics – it questions the relation between theory and practice. Characteristic of the history of technology, this interdisciplinary questioning constitutes the essential of the present problematic. However, as shown by the comparative study, the definition of a space minimum does not escape the socio-economic constraints of housing. Even if the argumentation medicalizes itself, the domestic space medicalization is partial. The definition of a space minimum per occupant in the 19th century consists less in a domestic air medicalization than in an indoor air domestication
Amblard, Marion. "L'âge d'or de la peinture écossaise : 1707-1843 : naissance d'une école nationale." Grenoble 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE39059.
Full textNowadays, Scottish painting is seldom known throughout the world; usually the very existence of the Scottish school of painting is not acknowledged beyond Great Britain’s borders. On the European continent, spectators and specialists hardly distinguish the Scottish school from the English school, whereas in England art historians consider that the work of the most distinguished representatives of the Scottish school is part of the English school. In Scotland, national pictorial art is not shown to advantage, on the contrary. Curators and art historians experience an inferiority complex showing in the works dealing with Scottish painting as well as in the way collections are displayed in the museums. This thesis aims at showing that there exists a Scottish school clearly different from the English school and that its genesis dates from the second half of the eighteenth century. For nearly fifty years artists painted almost exclusively portraits. This was only from the beginning of the nineteenth century that genres other than portrait painting began to be practised. The period stretching between the Union of the Scottish and English Parliaments in 1707 and 1843, year of the disruption of the Scottish Church, marked the golden age of Scottish painting. Until then the political, economic and cultural contexts had seldom been favourable for artistic activity and few painters had worked in the kingdom. Yet, within a century and a half, a national school of painting came into existence and despite its late birth the quality, originality and merit of the school were acknowledged in England and on the European continent. The style of the Scottish painters who worked between 1707 and 1843 was not different from that of their English and Europeans colleagues. The works of the main portraitists show the influence of Italian, French, Dutch and Spanish arts. The paintings of artists specialised in genre painting are reminiscent above all of the works of seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish painters. Our study will aim at showing that the Presbyterian faith, the context in which pictorial art developed and the nationalist-unionist ideology prevailing in Scotland after 1822, contributed the most to the originality of the Scottish school. Portraitists complied with the Presbyterian religion by painting plain and realistic works stressing the individuality of their sitters. The choice of the themes selected by history painters, as well as by genre and landscape painters for their works, was influenced by the pro-unionist national identity defined at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Their paintings show their attachment to their country and their will to protect their culture while asserting their loyalty to Great Britain
Herbaut-Archer, Dany. "Représentation et écriture de la judéité dans la fiction du dix-neuvième siècle, en France et en Grande-Bretagne." Lille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL30042.
Full textThis representation and the writing of Jewishness in XIXth century fiction in France and in great Britain display the imagology of the Jew through known texts and pave the way for additional research susceptible to draw attention, to novels forgotten today. The works of the corpus reveal the interest shared by various authors, wether anti-semitic or not, in a representation of Jewishness to which they want to testify. The works sometimes bear a documentary value when the story is inspired by reality and by the contemporary press, but all of the novels keep the status of fiction whic allows the reader, wether Jewish or not, to recognize himsel in characters as diverse as possible and which symbolize exactly the variety of mankind. The writers used literary devices to denounce or condone the superiority of a religion or a community. Some authors strengthened the depreciative and stereotypical image of the Israelite when others writers maintained a thread connecting the past, steeped in tradition, with modernity, the objective being to act on the reality of their time and to defend and to keep the memory of peoples. The representation of woman in general and the Jewess in particular, her emancipation, or subjection, highlights the paradoxical difference between the depreciative image of the Jewish identity, on the role played by the Ashkenazi and Sephardic communities and on the language used by the characters (vernacular language, Hebrew, Yiddish. . . )
Cornic, Anita. "La pratique du chant choral en Angleterre, pilier d'une entreprise moralisatrice à destination des classes populaires, 1840-1901." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20025.
Full textThis study undertakes to analyse to what extent the creation of amateur choral societies in Victorian England derived from an attempt by the middle classes to control popular leisure. Convinced not only of the educational but also of the moral functions of this pastime, they hoped to offset social unrest and fight endemic alcoholism in the new industrialized society. Popular singing classes took place in mechanics' institutes, in temperance societies, at church or chapel. Many choral societies, whose membership was drawn from singing classes, became the flag bearers of ideological or religious groups. The success of the festivals that ensued followed the development of means of transport and of a simplified sight-singing method, Tonic Sol-fa. The phenomenon we have undertaken to study, which is pervaded by a form of philanthropy verging on paternalism and backed by the " self-help " principle, questions class relationships in the cultural - here musical - area
Carpentier, Vincent. "Développement éducatif et performances économiques au Royaume-Uni : XIXe et XXe siècle." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10008.
Full textBarrier, Virginie. "De l'Empire britannique au Commonwealth des Nations : le sens de la question de Rhodésie." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040039.
Full textThe Rhodesian Crisis was characterised for more than seventy years by ambiguous relations between the mother country and one of her colonies. Put into historical perspective it shows that the issue was marked by the nature and evolution of the British imperial idea. Rhodesia was a 'non-typical' colony. Since London considered Rhodesia as a Dominion, the Rhodesian Government was able to institute a political system based on racial segregation. At the same time, the interests of natives in the administration of the Colonies had become the core of the imperial idea. The institutionalisation of the Commonwealth of Nations was affected by Rhodesia's inability to carry out a post-colonial transition, as it was torn between white nationalism and imperial decolonisation
Peslerbes, Céline. "La musique française à Londres sous le règne de la reine Victoria 1ère." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20024.
Full textMusical life in London in the reign of queen Victoria was important. Attracted by the sovereign's presence, the splendours of the season and financial advantages, many artists gave public performances in the great number of the west end theatres. During the start of her reign there were a lot of Italian singers amongst them because Italian opera - or at least opera sung in Italian - was fashionable. Instrumental music was mostly German and oratorio was very well appreciated in England. In this musical background, not very encouraged by the establishment which carried on traditions in a society governed by conservative principles, French music had quite a modest place. At Covent Garden, the royal Italian opera, French works by Meyerbeer - and the other composers - were subjected to translation with the drawbacks involved, mainly the danger of modifications. Towards the end of Queen Victoria’s reign there was a decrease in Italianism due to a political and social evolution, which made it possible to introduce changes in the repertoires. These gradual changes were all the easier to carry out as many members of the musical establishment, who now came from Germany and no longer from Italy, were in favour of new ideas. Furthermore, a musical revival took place in France and more French artists and composers appeared in London. They furthered the development of French music and were its best representatives as far as opera, instrumental and choral music are concerned. From now on it was not uncommon to hear a concerto by Saint-Saens, a melody by Massenet, a symphony by Berlioz, Bizet's Carmen and especially Gounod's Faust, running at Covent Garden each season since 1863, when it was created in London. It is also thanks to Gounod's oratorios that he won a particular place in the audience's heart. . . And Victoria's
Le, Meur Jegou Monique. "Forme et nature comparées de la caricature dans les romans anglais et français du XIXe siècle." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030107.
Full textChassagnol, Anne. "La renaissance féerique dans les contes et les tableaux de fées en Grande-Bretagne de 1840 à 1870." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100064.
Full textBetween 1840 and 1870, the fairy, long banished from Britain, exerted itself in a number of fields, notably in tales and in paintings. The majority of the great Victorian novelists, such as Charles Dickens, William. M. Thackeray and John Ruskin published fairytales. The motif of the renaissance, that of revival or even birth, appears in numerous works featuring fairy themes. This comparative study aims to explain the modalities of the return of the fairy, which occurred much later than in other countries, but is nonetheless characteristic of British culture. This thesis seeks to bring to light the originality of a renaissance that seems paradoxical. On the one hand, the Victorian fairy nostalgically evoked a lost golden age, both rural and pre-industrial; on the other hand, it was nourished by numerous scientific discoveries of the period, such as in biology, geology, medicine, botany and entomology. Far from being cut-off from the world in which it emerged, the fairy is inspired and has never been closer to it, now providing a final bastion that refuses to yield to the power of scientific equations. Text and image are intimately linked in this field. Numerous artists were inspired by the work of Shakespeare and, similarly, fairy tales exhibit a pictorial dimension. The representation of the fairy oscillates between visibility and invisibility, the legibility and illegibility, enabling it to address several types of readers or viewers, often at the frontier of eroticism
Franchitti, Abby. ""No Votes, Thank you" : l'opposition au suffrage des femmes en Grande-Bretagne." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR2015.
Full textThe victorian and Edwardian periods are well-know for the violent protest movements against the exclusion of women from political life. Less well-known is the fact that many women and men were not only opposed to the methods of the militants but also to the very principles they professed. They believed that belonging to the British family did not require the Parliamentary vote or engaging in political activity. On the contrary, they believed that women were eventually obliged to organize a collective stance inside "The Women's National Anti-Suffrage League". Later reinforced by the "Men's League for Opposing Women's Suffrage" and "the Scottish League", the "Antis", as they were called, developed their specific strategies, diialectics, propaganda, and anti-suffrage organizations soon merged to form the "National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage". The League's strategy was effective until the war years, 1914-1918. In 1917, the House of Commons adopted the "Representation of the People Act" which included a clause giving women over 30, who satisfied the property qualifications, the right to vote. Its adoption was confirmed by the House of Lords and received Royal ascent in 1918. This study offers the opportunity to discover the practices and motivation of a large number of women (a majority?) and men who were convinced that in order to safeguard the British ideal at home and abroad they had to oppose the woman's vote. Above all it presents a different perspective of understanding as to how the anti-suffragists were able to justify more than fifty years of opposition to the extension of the democratic process to include women
Champs, Emmanuelle de. "Problématiques de l'écriture constitutionnelle : constitution et réforme dans la pensée politique de Jeremy Bentham." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030142.
Full textThe Constitutional Code is central in the philosophical career of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the concept of "constitution" was at the crossroads of political and legal discourse. This thesis examines the various stages of Bentham's commitment to political and constitutional reform, during the French Revolution, in Britain on the eve of the Reform Bill (1832) and during the national revolutions of the 1820s. His criticism of existing institutions was grounded in a moral and ontological system derived from utility, which enabled him to expose political fallacies. The institutions of the Constitutional Code, aiming for universality, implied a moral transformation of society through the triumph of utilitarian reason. By defining a new grammar of powers and rethinking the transition from individuals to groups, he invented a new mode of political discourse
Belliard, Corinne. "Émancipation des femmes à l'épreuve de la philanthropie : la Charity Organisation Society en Grande-Bretagne et l'Office Central des Oeuvres de Bienfaisance en France du XIXe siècle jusqu'à la guerre de 1914." Paris, EHESS, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479809.
Full textAround the mid XIXth century, France and Great Britain faced a deep social crisis. Because of industrialisation, the poors moved to the cities where they stood as a threat to the urban dwellers. A better handling of poverty was required through philanthropy, to create "happy and natural bounds" with lower classes. Men of privileged classes became aware of the fact that their wives and daughters were the most suited to smooth off classes relationship. Philosophers and thinkers endowed those women with relevant "special qualities" intended "naturally" to fit the benevolent task. But philanthropic societies turned out to be imbuded with paternalism. The expected women's movement forward will com from high-minded women, acting plainly away from their so-called "womanhood", for their rights rather than for their virtues. The war of 1914, with its patriotic slant, brougth in an additional hindrance to a drastic emancipation of women
Musset, Anne. "Stage costume and the representation of history in Britain, 1776-1834." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC294.
Full textThis thesis explores the relationships between stage costume and British historical culture in the period 1776-1834. Until the painstakingly researched antiquarian stagings of the mid-nineteenth century, the history of historical stage costume has typically been described in terms of a stereotyped ‘Van Dyck dress’. Yet the period witnessed the expansion of antiquarianism and portrait print collecting, the development of the Picturesque and Neo-Gothic aesthetics, the success of historical novels and a general desire to know more about the habits and costumes of the past. This interdisciplinary analysis situates stage costume within the wider visual and historical culture of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Drawing on theatrical material related to the London theatres as well as paintings, engravings, book illustrations, shows and exhibitions, this study argues that the representation of historical stage costume in the visual arts reflects new ways of conceiving and depicting history, in which interest in the everyday life of past periods and a focus on the material and the visual were fundamental. This thesis suggests that ht historical costume in the theatre and its representation in theatrical portraiture played a role in a broader process that sought to define British art and identity
Bensalem, Boutaïna. "Les relations commerciales et diplomatiques entre la Grande Bretagne et le Maroc, XIXe-XXe siècle : des rapports complexes sous l'influence politique de la France, de l' Espagne et des pressions régionales." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30030.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to outline the economical and diplomatic relationship between Great Britain and Morocco during the 19th and 20th centuries based on different social, political and economical affairs marking their relations. Its aim is to also bring forth the British interest in Morocco in a very specific international context and how the British politics towards this North African country did not exclude commecial policy. The different aspects of the British preponderance in Morocco during this period of history are approached from a thematic and chronological context underlying the British diplomatic double language which toggled between interference and suggestion until withdrawal was chosen for strategic and political reasons. Based on a multitude of sources, the goal of this study is demonstrate the impact of Great Britain politics on the history of the Cherifian Empire by bringing light into the important role played by other European countries in the British political evolution towards this Mediterranean country
Adrien, Muriel Monique Madeleine. "A perte de vue : parcours dans les lumières d'une sélection de peintures anglaises de la fin du XVIIIème et du début du XIXème siècles." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20029.
Full textThe present work studies the way light is tackled and pictured in a selection of paintings of the Enlightenment period, in relation to the epistemology of the time, together with the technical and theatrical appropriation of lighting. In the empirical context of the Enlightening, scientific observation of the sky somewhat replaced the theological heavens. Our landscape painters (Towne, Cotman, Gainsborough, Constable, Cox) drew their palette from this was blank canvas, as well as their pictorial scheme- the cloud : an empirical trope, both denoting and disturbing space and representation. In parallel, the advent of artificial public and theatrical lighting encouraged a Promothean type of painting (Wright of Derby, Martin, Loutherbourg), one that was encroached on by the shadows of the Enlightening, which provided its inspiration, design, background and substance. As for Turner, he strove to represent light more frontally, and render visuality rather than visibility : how could the aporia of light be solved, in so far as light rules over what can be see, and yet cannot itself be seen ?
Kuo, Sheng-Lung. "La meilleure ennemie de la France : Guides, récits de voyage outre-Manche et considérations sur l'Angleterre pendant la monarchie de Juillet." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC197.
Full textThe most Anglophile French king, Louis-Philippe (1830-1848), commences his rule inan Anglomaniac atmosphere. Throughout his reign though, several conflicts opposing Parisand London are the cause of an unfolding Anglophobic spirit. Starting off from these three feelings that are both distinct and interdependent, and in the perspective of the main contemporary trends like romanticism, nationalism and socialism, this thesis aims at studyingthe various representations of England during the July Monarchy. A study of the evolving Franco-British relationship from the Age of Enlightenment until the fall of the last Frenchking, is the background to this work: it helps understanding the judgment that the French exercised on their English neighbors during this period. Guidebooks published during the“King of the French” regime and writings from French travelers who expand on their discoveries and experiences of the English life within a “commercial and industrial England”,are then an object of analysis. A final aspect of this study focuses on their considerations with respect to the social state of this “industrial England”, in a context when France is pursuing apath of industrialization. Those diverse images about Great Britain extracted from French travelers’ publications are all pointing to the true motive of their stay across the Channel: a circumspect study of England that can be used to educate their own country, France, or eventhe whole world
Pellegry, Florence. "Cultures sexuelles et rapports sociaux de sexe à la fin de l'ère victorienne : le cas des classes laborieuses à partir des archives du London Foundling Hospital." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070062.
Full textThis work examines the sexual mores of the working classes at the end of the Victorian era (1875-1901). The research is based on the study of private correspondences and testimonies found in the archives of the London Foundling Hospital, a charitable institute welcoming illegitimate children since the end of the eighteenth century. Thanks to these primary sources, we will bring to life certain elements of the past and rediscover key moments in the lives of young couples in London and its suburbs most of whom were working or lower middle class skilled workers who met in the busy streets of London. We will endeavour to paint a faithful portrait of the loving and sexual relations of these young British couples. This study is structured around three principal parts: firstly, we will construct a portrait of the population under study, evaluate the reliability of the sources available and focus on the historical and ideological context of the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Secondly, we will interpret the private correspondences and examine what the male discourse tells us about the sexual mores of the couples under study. We will also look into the moral codes regulating love affairs during the period. We will bring this study to a close with a more theoretical approach to the sources enabling us to draw certain conclusions concerning the relationship between the sexes and the romantic ideal of the couples
Lecerf, Guy. "Le coloris dans l'art des jardins : théories en France et en Angleterre, 1820-1930." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010644.
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