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Journal articles on the topic 'Anatomical specimens, collection and preservation'
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1
Robovský, Jan, and Kees Rookmaaker. "Rhinoceros specimens included in anatomical and morphological studies by Professor Alexander J. E. Cave (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)." Lynx new series 53, no. 1 (2023): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/lynx.2022.022.
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Alexander James Edward Cave (1900–2001) was a superb anatomist who extensively improved our knowledge of rhinoceros anatomy and osteology; he also published several studies on the osteology of other groups of mammals and one conservation-focused study about numbers of Ceratotherium cottoni in Uganda. Our contribution contains an identification of the rhinoceros specimens examined by A. J. E. Cave, his complete bibliography related to rhinoceroses, and two recommendations in accord to his legacy. All Cave’s morphological and genetic studies should specify the exact geographic origin of the wild rhinoceroses, if known, and some unambiguous reference numbers in the case of collections and/or captive-based specimens. Cataloguing of extinct and near-extinct extant rhinoceroses in world collections, future preservation of the collection material and its anatomical/morphological documentation for the last remnants of Ceratotherium cottoni, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, as well as Rhinoceros sondaicus and localized wild-based specimens of Diceros bicornis is highly recommended.
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Nurunabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad, Miliva Mozaffor, Mohammad Tipu Sultan, Md Mozaharul Islam, and Kaisar Haroon. "Utilization of Brain Tissue as A Viable Postmortem Toxicological Specimen: A Review on Collection and Preservationof Samplefor Toxicological Analysis and Its Advantage Over Other Specimens." Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery 11, no. 2 (September 7, 2022): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v11i2.61455.
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Collection of proper autopsy specimen and preservation are essential stepsfor the toxicological analysis in Forensic Medicine. Faulty collection and preservation of the specimens/samples can greatly alter or negate forensic chemical or toxicologicalexamination. In forensic toxicology practicein Bangladesh, postmortem specimen that is subjected to toxicological examinations generally focusing on mainly blood and sometimes urine or other fuds from different body cavities. Analysis of blood from different anatomical sites and tissue samples and urine may assist in the interpretation of the postmortem results. However, in many postmortem cases, there is little or no blood for quantitative drug analysis, or there might be such traumatic injury which led to significant blood loss or there is possibility of contamination form contents of the ruptured stomach. Besides, analysis of urine reveals negative result, if death occurs closely the time of intoxication. Given the circumstances, brain tissue may be a valuable specimen in postmortem toxicological analysis. The position of the brain in the body secures a tremendous protection and isolation which can eliminates or at least attenuates many of the interpretive challenges with postmortem blood, urine or other fluid specimens.This review paper is an update on the standard methods of brain tissue specimen collection and preservationprocedures for toxicological analysis and its value as well as advantages over other specimens, which might be of possible interest for forensic professionals in the country. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 114-117
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Ruiz, C., N. Lima, R. Cunha, and S. Nascimento. "Investigation of the impact using neuroanatomy specimens prepared using new anatomical techniques on students' learning." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 04 (October 2014): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.063013.
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Abstract Introduction: Neuroanatomy specimens have greater fragility than other anatomy specimens and their useful life depends on good conditioning and protection. The difficulty in obtaining human specimens has increased the demand for preparations that might make such specimens more durable. Objective: transform the collection of neuroanatomy specimens in the anatomy laboratory into specimens that were more instructive for students, through more refined anatomical techniques, thereby improving the appearance and preservation of these specimens, and also to develop a scientific study on the importance of this type of didactic-pedagogical tool. Material and Methods: After preparing the specimens and using them in the classroom, we applied a questionnaire to evaluate the learning process, with regard to ease of handling the specimens, improvement of instruction and construction of knowledge. We gathered responses from 53 students in their fourth teaching semester of the biomedicine course at the Methodist University of São Paulo. Results: after the treatment to clarify and demarcate anatomical structures in the neuroanatomical specimens that was put forward in this study, an effective improvement in the students' study method was demonstrated (100%). Conclusions: The objectives proposed by the discipline were achieved in terms of yield (92.5%) and understanding of theory during practical classes (98%), thus generating student behavior that was more positive. In relation to handling and discomfort relating to the smell of the old specimens, there was an improvement of 88.7% through using the current specimens. There was also an improvement in learning outside of the classroom hours (86.4%).
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Guerrero, Andrea, and Adán Pérez-García. "Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle Pleurosternon bullockii (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)." Diversity 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110518.
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The uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous stem turtle Pleurosternon bullockii is the pleurosternid (Testudinata, Paracryptodira) known by the largest number of specimens worldwide, composing the largest European collection of Lower Cretaceous complete and partial shells for a turtle taxon. The availability of numerous specimens as well as their generally good preservation allowed for recent detailed characterization of the shell of this species, including states that are variable at the intraspecific level (individual variability, sexual dimorphism, and ontogenetic development). However, extreme cases of morphological variation corresponding to anomalies have not been addressed in detail, neither for P. bullockii nor for any other member of Paracryptodira. In this context, the study of several shell anomalies in P. bullockii is carried out here. Fourteen specimens showing anomalies are recognized and examined here to determine the frequency and distribution of these shell anatomical deviations. All these anomalies are described and figured. The morphogenetic cause of each of them is discussed. As a consequence, a relatively broad spectrum of anomalies is reported for P. bullockii. None of the anomalies seem to present negative consequences for vital activities of the specimens since none compromised the main functions of the shell.
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Dutchak, Alex R., and Michael W. Caldwell. "Redescription of Aigialosaurus dalmaticus Kramberger, 1892, a Cenomanian mosasauroid lizard from Hvar Island, Croatia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-086.
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Redescription of the type and only specimen of Aigialosaurus dalmaticus (BSP 1902II501), an "aigialosaurian" squamate from the Cenomanian–Turonian of Hvar, Croatia, and, at the time of collection, the Italian island of Lesina, indicates that previous reviews of the specimen include erroneous anatomical interpretations. The type specimen presents a new and unique pelvic anatomy: the ilium of A. dalmaticus is an elongate element with well-developed anterior and posterior iliac processes. A scenario is presented for mosasaurid pelvic evolution, whereby the anteriorly elongate and dorsally directed ilium of mosasauroids is not derived from the forward rotation of the posterior iliac process, but rather the reduction of that process and the elaboration of the anterior iliac process. Recent phylogenetic analysis of Mosasauroidea finds A. dalmaticus to be the sistergroup to Opetiosaurus bucchichi and all other mosasaurids and "aigialosaurs." We examine the character state assignments for A. dalmaticus in that study and refute those assignments owing to the absence of preservation of all four characters states found to separate A. dalmaticus from O. bucchichi.
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Bolintineanu, Sorin Lucian, Elena Pop, George Stancu, Gheorghe Stancu, Monica Adriana Vaida, Alina Maria Sisu, Jenel Marian Patrascu, and Sorin Florescu. "Anatomical Structures Preservation Using Plastination Techniques." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.2.4820.
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A constant situation present in the anatomy laboratories is represented by the cadavers preservation resulted from dissection. The main requirement for this process is the use of formaldehyde which is a toxic substance probably included in the class of carcinogenic substances. Large specimens resulted from dissection process, such as limbs or trunks, can be preserved only in large containers filled with formaldehyde and for limited periods of time. To remove these issues we used the anatomy laboratory in order to be able to preserve the first sustainable plastinated anatomical specimens. In our study have been used 8 adult human bodies (partial and complete), 6 females and 2 males, aged between 62 and 73. We have removed and dissected brains, upper limbs, kidneys and livers. They have undergone preservation process of plastination.
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Kulkarni, Manisha, and Pradeep Vaideeswar. "A method of restoration and preservation of mounted anatomical pathology specimens." Journal of Histotechnology 44, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1884352.
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Engelmann, George. "Instructions for the Collection and Preservation of Botanical Specimens." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73, no. 3 (1986): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399189.
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Kim, Seong Yoon, Seong Hwan Park, Huguo Piao, Ukhee Chung, Kwang Soo Ko, and Juck-Joon Hwang. "Vouchering of Forensically Important Fly Specimens by Nondestructive DNA Extraction." ISRN Entomology 2013 (December 19, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/286182.
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DNA extraction frequently requires destruction of whole samples. However, when the sample is very rare or has taxonomic importance, nondestructive DNA extraction is required for preservation of voucher specimens. In the case of arthropod specimens, minor anatomical structures such as a single leg or a single wing are often sacrificed instead of the whole body for DNA extraction. In an attempt to save the entire anatomical structure of specimens, several authors tried to brew the whole specimen in a lysis buffer and to extract DNA from the “soup.” We applied this nondestructive DNA extraction technique to a forensically important blowfly species, Phaenicia sericata. With nondestructive DNA extraction, a satisfactory quantity and quality of DNA for PCR amplification was obtained with only minimal anatomical disruptions that do not alter the morphologic identification. This nondestructive method may be applicable to DNA extraction of rare samples as well as vouchering of regular fly samples.
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Petru, Bordei, Dina Constantin, Bulbuc Ionut, and Iliescu Dan. "Specific Biomaterials Used within the Department of Anatomy." Key Engineering Materials 583 (September 2013): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.583.107.
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As one of our main topics of interest within the Department of Anatomy, the usage of biomaterials involved two directions: preparation of anatomical casts by injection and corrosion and preservation of anatomical samples through plastination. For injection we used several substances, such as polyvinyl chloride, with the solvent cyclohexanone, a polyester oil used in furnishing and glass fiber industry and mostly TECHNOVIT 7143, of German production. Another preservation method that includes the usage of biopolymers is plastination, a perfect method for the preservation of perishable biological specimens, especially for soft, putrifiable ones with high water content. The method we applied is the silicone plastination (S10) that addresses to macroscopical samples, such as internal organs (hearts, kidneys) or slices of nervous tissue (brain slices) greater than 10 mm, samples resulted from the dissection process in the Anatomy Department.
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Bolintineanu, Sorin Lucian, Alina Maria Sisu, Agneta Maria Pusztai, and Elena Pop. "Plastic Materials and Chemical Substances Used for Kidney�s Anatomic Study." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.3.5026.
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Over time, anatomists have been concerned with the preservation of anatomical parts for a long time. Thus, in the modern era, both colouring and fixing substances, as well as plastic and corrosive materials have been used in the manufacture of corrosion and plastinated specimens. The ultimate aim was to make the dissected anatomical specimens as lasting and accurate as possible. Thus, parenchymal viscera, which have a certain tissue thickness, greater than in the tubular viscera, are more difficult to preserve and obviously to dissect. The time required to preserve those increases accordingly. In our study we have used 62 formalized adult human kidneys, belonging to 31 bilateral dissected bodies, different age and gender, 20 males and 11 females. We have removed all the kidneys from the renal fossa and we have made 23 corrosion casts, and 39 specimens have been plastinated. There have been dissected 30 structures considered as normal in size and morphological aspect and 9 have been preserved entirely because they did not fit within the normal physiological limits. All 39 kidneys have been undergone to S10 Biodur rubber silicone technique preservation.
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Nazma Farhat, Tanbira Alam, and Niazur Rahman S M. "Preservation of human tissue by plastination: An anatomical perspective." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 2265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4852.
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The necessity of preserving human tissue has increased over the years because of various reasons. Preserved tissues play a crucial part in the teaching and research of anatomy. This review paper has compiled the basic techniques of human tissue plastination from the anatomical perspective and its advantages over typical methods. One of the most effective techniques we used to preserve human tissue is plastination. It was developed by German anatomist Dr. Gunther Von Hagens. After him, many improvements are made to get maximum results. Because of this technique's advancement, we can see an accurate 3-D sample of human tissue, which is anatomically correct and looks almost real. There are essential procedures for all types of plastination like fixation, dehydration, defatting, force impregnation, positioning, and hardening. Silicone, epoxy, and polyester are primarily used as the polymer. Acetone is used for dehydration. Removal of fat is crucial for tissue preservation by plastination. Plastinated specimens are used in laboratories for teaching anatomy, in research institutes for morphological studies, and also in forensic to solve crimes. After analyzing several research articles, it was concluded that plastination has much more advantages than other human tissue preservation techniques for anatomical usages.
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McLachlan, Rowan H., Kerri L. Dobson, Emily R. Schmeltzer, Rebecca Vega Thurber, and Andréa G. Grottoli. "A review of coral bleaching specimen collection, preservation, and laboratory processing methods." PeerJ 9 (July 8, 2021): e11763. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11763.
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Under current climate warming predictions, the future of coral reefs is dire. With projected coral reef decline, it is likely that coral specimens for bleaching research will increasingly become a more limited resource in the future. By adopting a holistic approach through increased collaborations, coral bleaching scientists can maximize a specimen’s investigative yield, thus reducing the need to remove more coral material from the reef. Yet to expand a specimen’s utility for additional analytic methods, information on how corals are collected is essential as many methods are variably sensitive to upstream handling and processing. In an effort to identify common practices for coral collection, sacrifice, preservation, and processing in coral bleaching research, we surveyed the literature from the last 6.5 years and created and analyzed the resulting dataset of 171 publications. Since January 2014, at least 21,890 coral specimens were collected for bleaching surveys or bleaching experiments. These specimens spanned 122 species of scleractinian corals where the most frequently sampled were Acropora millepora, Pocillopora damicornis, and Stylophora pistillata. Almost 90% of studies removed fragments from the reef, 6% collected skeletal cores, and 3% collected mucus specimens. The most common methods for sacrificing specimens were snap freezing with liquid nitrogen, chemical preservation (e.g., with ethanol or nucleic acid stabilizing buffer), or airbrushing live fragments. We also characterized 37 distinct methodological pathways from collection to processing of specimens in preparation for a variety of physiological, -omic, microscopy, and imaging analyses. Interestingly, almost half of all studies used only one of six different pathways. These similarities in collection, preservation, and processing methods illustrate that archived coral specimens could be readily shared among researchers for additional analyses. In addition, our review provides a reference for future researchers who are considering which methodological pathway to select to maximize the utility of coral bleaching specimens that they collect.
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Lomax, Dean, J. C. Lamsdell, and S. J. Jr Ciurca. "A collection of eurypterids from the Silurian of Lesmahagow collected pre 1900." Geological Curator 9, no. 6 (December 2011): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc75.
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A rediscovered collection of scientifically significant eurypterid fossil specimens, assigned to Slimonia acuminata and Erettopterus bilobus, is held in the Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery. The specimens are from the historically important late Silurian Lesmahagow inlier of Lanarkshire, Scotland and are described herein. The material ranges from partial to complete specimens, with a wide range in size of both genera. Most specimens have either no or minimal damage. Some interesting features include the orientation and preservation of the eurypterids.
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Rowley, Chris, and Joanne Taylor. "Implementing 'Museum Victoria Wireless Input System for EMu (MVWISE)' Barcoding for Location Management of a Wet Type Collection." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26178.
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The Non-Arthropod Wet Type Collection consists of approximately 1660 lots of specimens spread across 13 phyla. The collection covers a range of taxa including Annelida (earthworms, leeches, bristle worms); Echinodermata (sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers); Mollusca (snails, octopus, squid, cuttlefish); Porifera (sponges); Cnidaria (anemones, hydroids). The majority of specimens in the collection are preserved in 70% ethanol or 10% formalin. Being a collection of zoological type specimens, this collection is considered to be of high scientific value and is irreplaceable. Concerns over possible deterioration and a lack of documented history of preservation, led the Museums Victoria Marine Invertebrate Section and Conservation Department to undertake an audit to assess and document the current state of the collection. The aim of the assessment was to: establish baseline data covering the physical condition of specimens, jars and seals. assess the chemical properties of the preservation fluid. where required, undertake appropriate preventative and remedial treatment. data gathered from the audit will be loaded onto the museum’s database (EMu). As part of the audit, implementation of a storage location management system using Museums Victoria Wireless Input System for EMu (MVWISE) was incorporated into the project. Storage location management using MVWISE ensures that object and container records have their current Location updated in EMu when they are physically moved. Implementing object barcoding in a collection that is preserved in fluid where specimens are tiny and stored in vials is problematic. We report on the strategy used to overcome these issues without compromising the best practice for fluid preserved specimens. Advantages of barcoding the fluid preserved specimens of the Invertebrate Type Collection at Museums Victoria include the ability to easily audit the collection even when the taxonomic nomenclature has changed.
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Toumoulin, Agathe, Anne-Laure Decombeix, Carla J. Harper, and Rudolph Serbet. "Early Jurassic silicified woods from Carapace Nunatak, South Victoria Land, Antarctica." Fossil Record 26, no. 1 (May 19, 2023): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.26.102570.
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The Jurassic vegetation of Antarctica remains poorly known and, while there have been several reports of large fossil trees from that time period across the continent, detailed anatomical studies of their wood are extremely scarce. Here we describe new silicified woods of Early Jurassic (probably Toarcian) age from Carapace Nunatak, South Victoria Land. The genera Agathoxylon and Brachyoxylon are formally recognized for the first time in the Jurassic of Antarctica. The preservation of the woods is imperfect, which is likely explained by the presence in some of the specimens of fungi, whose anatomical structures are described in detail. Combined with previous reports of pollen, leaves, and cones from South and North Victoria Land, these new specimens support the presence of several conifer families in the Early Jurassic floras of the region.
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Gaivoronsky, I. V., G. I. Nichiporuk, and M. V. Tvardovskaya. "The second life of the small anatomical collection of F. Ruysch «The eighth wonder of the world»." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50572.
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Abstract. In November 2019, an important historical event was held. A small collection of F. Ruysch, which is stored in the fundamental Museum of the Department of normal anatomy of the Military medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov, has received a second life, thanks to friendly scientific relations between Military medical Academy and the University of Leiden. The unique collection of anatomical preparations, which Peter I called The Eighth wonder of the world, was created by the great Dutch anatomist, doctor of medicine, Professor of anatomy and botany at the University of Amsterdam F. Ruysch. A large collection was acquired by Peter I in 1717 specifically to the future of the Kunstkammer (now the Museum of Peter the Great) and taken to Russia under the supervision of the first President of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences L.L. Blumentrost. Small collection of F. Ruysch was presented to Peter I in the late seventeenth century (1697). It has withstood more than 300-year storage period. Numerous movements and different storage conditions, of course, left its mark on the appearance of these precious unique anatomical specimens. The last event of violations were associated with the early repair of the anatomical building of the Military medical Academy.We must pay tribute to the enthusiasm and unselfishness of the staff of Leiden University headed by a great friend of Russia I.F. Hendriks, who was able to organize a team of professionals in the Museum business. This team included the head of Leiden University, Professor P.C.W. Hodendoorn and specialist in restoration and percussively anatomical preparations A.J. Van Dam. Hard work was multi-stage. First conducted a thorough verification of anatomical specimens of F. Ruysch with the existing directories of the Departments records. Identification of the preparations to the F. Ruysch collection was carried out by the appearance of containers, labels, appearance of preparations, the study of embalming fluid. Photo documentation of each study drug was accompanied by reports signed bilateral commission. After pre-treatment the special chemicals and equipment were delivered, and conducted direct work on restoration and percussively. It lasted 10 days. Members of the Department received a unique master class on the restoration of wet embalmed museum anatomical specimens, and received recommendations for their storage.
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Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad, Abdul Alim, Md Mesbahul Hoque, and Samia Askary. "Plastination: A Novel Way of Preservation of Cadaveric Specimens for Teaching and Learning Human Anatomy." Mediscope 10, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mediscope.v10i1.65409.
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Plastination is a preservation method of anatomical specimens, which can be used for long-term educational purposes both in basic and clinical sciences. Dr. Gunther von Hagens first developed this technique in 1977 in Heidelberg, Germany. There are several plastination methods that are currently used in different countries. Room-temperature silicone plastination using ‘North Carolina technique’ is assumed as the best suited for our institutions considering our country’s climate and feasibility in terms of limited resources. In general, plastination methods involve four stages: i) fixation and specimen preparation; ii) dehydration and defatting; iii) plastic permeation or force impregnation by plastic material; and iv) hardening or curing. Fixation involves addition of formalin to the specimen for preventing decay and bacterial growth. Then dehydration is done by submerging the specimen in acetone baths. Thereafter, the specimen is kept in a vacuum chamber, where plastic permeation or forced impregnation occurs. Polymers penetrate the tissues of the specimen while removing acetone. After leaving the specimen in an airtight chamber maintaining a specific temperature, hardening or curing process follows. Plastination technique has several advantages like making cadaveric specimens easy to handle, easy storage of viscera, prolonged preservation, odourless, dry, non-irritant, nontoxic presentation and ability to present more anatomical details than ever before. Some important drawbacks are that the process is very costly, time consuming, limited size of the impregnation chamber, health and environmental hazards of the chemicals used. Plastination seems to have a great future in all fields of teaching, training and research not only in anatomy education but also in other disciplines in medical, biomedical, veterinary and health science institutions across the globe. Plastinates have opened several new windows to the world of anatomical sciences. Mediscope 2023;10(1): 31-37
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Jani, Musfiroh Binti, and Shafiqah Shahirah Mohammad Zakaria. "Determination of Formaldehyde from Disposal of Formaldehyde Fixed Biological Specimen Buried in Soil." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-09.
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Biomedical waste specifically anatomical specimens and body parts will be incinerated by a local incineration facility. However, the incineration of formaldehyde fixed specimen from hospitals poses hazardous effect to human and environment due to an exposure of highly toxic gases such as dioxins and furans. In addition, this practise is considered as non-shariah compliance by Muslim community. Thus, a safer and shariah-compliance option to dispose anatomical specimens through deep burial has been introduced. The concern has been raised on the side effect of the formaldehyde treated specimen to the environment. Formaldehyde is used widely for preservation of surgical and anatomical specimens. The formaldehyde toxicity specifically on the soil, soil water, soil animals and plants should be considered after the burial of the anotamical specimens. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the side effect of formaldehyde on soil after the burial of formalin fixed specimen on the environment. In this study, the amount of soil elemental distribution and formaldehyde concentration of pre-burial and post-burial of biological specimen were evaluated by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer instrument, respectively. For EDXRF analysis at Point C, soil elemental distribution after burial of dead biological specimens has higher concentration compared to before the burial. The concentration of formaldehyde at Point C was higher after the burial of dead biological specimen compared to before burial, which exceeds the tolerable concentration recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
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Bromberg, Leora. "Best Practices for the Conservation and Preservation of Herbaria." IJournal: Graduate Student Journal of the Faculty of Information 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijournal.v6i1.35263.
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This paper offers an in-depth report on the best practices for the conservation and preservation of herbaria within library and museum collections. A herbarium (singular) is a collection of dried and pressed plant specimens, typically mounted onto paper and accompanied by a certain degree of recorded information. These organic specimens tend to be housed in museums or special collections libraries, where their handling can be carefully monitored and/or restricted. Each herbarium is typically one-of-a-kind and may serve as a vital primary source on human exploration, taxonomy, natural history and even amateur collection practices. A closer look at the best practices for their conservation and preservation spotlights the herbarium as a fragile, valuable and perhaps an unexpected or unusual form of “recorded information” that librarians, archivists and museum professionals may encounter or even have some responsibility over at some point in their careers.
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Cagnolaro, Luigi, Michela Podestà, Marco Affronte, Paolo Agnelli, Fabrizio Cancelli, Ernesto Capanna, Rossella Carlini, et al. "Collections of extant cetaceans in Italian museums and other scientific institutions. A comparative review." Natural History Sciences 153, no. 2 (September 1, 2012): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/15.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">This paper summarizes more than four decades of cetacean research data collected by the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano and, between 1986 and 2003, by the Centro Studi Cetacei of the Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali. It is the result of the collaboration among scientists of several Italian museums. A detailed analysis concerning the amount and taxonomic representative</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">- </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">ness of the extant cetacean collections in Italian naturalistic museums and analogous institutions up until and including 2007 has been carried out. Adequately preserved and anatomically most significant specimens only have been taken into consideration. On the whole 1033 specimens representing 41 species are considered herein. They are housed in 53 institutions, of which the following ones hold the most important collections: the museums of Calci (Pisa), Genova, Firenze, Milano, Roma Zoology, </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">Siena, Comiso and Napoli. All the surveyed institutions are listed, with a short introduction about their material and an inven</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">- </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">tory of it. Specimens are then arranged in systematic order and some further data are provided in a table for each species. Such tables report the items of each museum with regard to quantity, preserva</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">- </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT';">tion techniques and, whenever possible, collecting data. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results is presented under multiple profiles: historical, preservation techniques, suitability of the specimens for research, place of origin, and the importance of the Italian cetacean collections for research and education. </span></p><p> </p></div></div></div>
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Chaudhary, Rinkal, Vinod Dhingra, and Sarthak Juglan. "Post Mortem Examination of COVID-19 Deceased and Collection Preservation of Specimens." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.8122.4.
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Forensic autopsy plays a crucial role in death investigations. It deals with the identification of cause, manner and time since death of deceased for the judgement by criminal justice system. A thorough examination frequently leads to the efficacious of an autopsy. It initiates with the external examination of the body and further proceeds according to the history of deceased. The postmortem examination of a deceased who is expected to have a serious infectious disease that can be transmitted during autopsy called infectious autopsy. So, medical experts need to take more precautions while performing autopsies on infectious bodies. Disease could be spread in many numerous ways. Some diseases are commonly transmitted during autopsy i.e. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis infections. The risk is at increasing level for obtaining these types of postmortem infections especially in the cases where the death cause is unidentified. The use of standard precautions during an autopsy can minimize the risk of the transmission of infections. The present article highlights the risk of contagious diseases during autopsy and preservation of artefacts of deceased suffering of highly infectious disease COVID -19.
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Yamaguchi, Yutaka, and Shigehito Yamada. "The Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses: History and Recent Advancements in Modern Methods." Cells Tissues Organs 205, no. 5-6 (2018): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490672.
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The Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses, the largest collection of human embryos worldwide, was initiated in the 1960s, and the Congenital Anomaly Research Center of Kyoto University was established in 1975 for long-term storage of the collection and for the promotion of research into human embryonic and fetal development. Currently, the Kyoto Collection comprises approximately 45,000 specimens of human embryonic or fetal development and is renowned for the following unique characteristics: (1) the collection is considered to represent the total population of fetal specimens nationwide in Japan, (2) it comprises a large number of specimens with a variety of external malformations, and (3) for most specimens there are clinical and epidemiological data from the mothers and the pregnancies concerned. Therefore, the specimens have been used extensively for morphological studies and could potentially be used for epidemiological analysis. Recently, several new approaches such as DNA extraction from formalin-fixed specimens or geometric morphometrics have been adopted and it is to be expected that further technological advances will facilitate new studies on the specimens of the Kyoto Collection as well as of other human embryo collections worldwide. Permanent preservation of the Kyoto Collection is, therefore, of paramount importance so that it will continue to contribute to human embryological studies in the future.
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Venne, Gabriel, Greg Esau, Ryan T. Bicknell, and J. Tim Bryant. "3D Printed Anatomy-Specific Fixture for Consistent Glenoid Cavity Position in Shoulder Simulator." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (October 9, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2572730.
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Purpose. Fixation methods for consistent anatomical structure positioning in biomechanical testing can be challenging. Image-based 3D printing is an attractive method for fabrication of biomechanical supports of anatomical structure due to its ability to precisely locate anatomical features with respect to the loading system. Method. A case study is presented to provide a design guide for fixation block fabrication. The anatomy of interest was CT scanned and reconstructed in 3D. The model was imported into commercially available CAD software and modified into a solid object and to create the fixture block. The CAD fixture block is standardized such that anatomical features are always in the same position for the testing system by subtracting the anatomy from a base fixture block. Results. This method allowed a strong immobilization of anatomical specimens and a controlled and consistent positioning feature with respect to the testing system. Furthermore, the fixture block can be easily modified and adapted to anatomical structures of interest using CAD software. Conclusion. This approach allows preservation of the bony anatomy integrity and provides a repeatable and consistent anatomical positioning with respect to the testing system. It can be adapted for other anatomical structures in various other biomechanical settings.
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Moreau, Corrie S., Brian D. Wray, Jesse E. Czekanski-Moir, and Benjamin E. R. Rubin. "DNA preservation: a test of commonly used preservatives for insects." Invertebrate Systematics 27, no. 1 (2013): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is12067.
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Understanding the impact of collection and storage preservatives is important for all specimen-based research, ranging from morphological studies to genetic- and genomic-based research. We evaluated the effectiveness of four commonly used preservatives for their ability to preserve insect DNA for several ant species as well as the DNA from host-associated microbes of one ant species. We made replicated collections of ant specimens of different sizes and from three different environmental climates into four different preservatives (95% ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol and RNAlater), isolated DNA across two different time periods and performed PCR on all DNA extracts (n = 180 samples + 10 controls). Although ethanol returned the best overall results for DNA yield and PCR success, our analyses did not show a significant difference between specimens preserved in ethanol or propylene glycol on the timescales we investigated. We found that average DNA yield was significantly higher when specimens were originally collected in ethanol instead of DMSO, propylene glycol, or RNAlater™ (Applied Biosystems/Ambion). PCR results for both the insect and endosymbiotic bacteria showed a significant advantage for preserving ants in ethanol or propylene glycol over DMSO or RNAlater for room temperature storage. Our findings suggest that collection of insect specimens into ethanol is the preferred method for preserving host and host-associated bacterial DNA, but that propylene glycol is a suitable alternative when ethanol is not available or permitted.
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Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Fernanda Ceres Toczek, and Carlos José Einicker Lamas. "Catalogue of Ditomyiidae and Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59 (October 31, 2019): e20195956. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.56.
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The Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil houses the largest and most representative Brazilian collection of Diptera. In the present study, following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, it is presented a catalogue of the type specimens of Diadocidiidae and Ditomyiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) held in the collection of the MZUSP. Label data and the condition of preservation of 27 type specimens (nine holotypes, two paralectotypes, and 16 paratypes) of 14 Neotropical species are provided.
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Fayyaz, Iram, Fatima Iftikhar, Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Kamran Habib, and Abdul Nasir Khalid. "Some new lichen records from Pakistan." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 59 (June 30, 2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2022.59.03.
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During a survey of the lichens in the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, many specimens were collected from the Jhelum and Neelum valley and characterized using morpho-anatomical, molecular and chemical test methods. Two taxa new for Pakistan, i.e., Physciella chloanta and Xanthoparmelia protomatrae s. l., were found in the collection while Physconia enteroxantha represent range extensions within Pakistan. Morpho-anatomical descriptions, ecology and distribution are provided.
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Sam, Femina, Deepak Vinod Francis, Joy Sarojini Michael, Maya Pavalasseril Ganesan, and Suganthy Rabi. "Replacing Formalin with Phenoxetol as an Immersion Medium in a Human Cadaveric Storage Facility – A Feasibility Study." Current Medical Issues 22, no. 1 (2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cmi.cmi_84_23.
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Abstract Background and Objectives: Formaldehyde is a well-known preservative commonly used to preserve anatomical specimens. However, due to concerns regarding its detrimental effects, phenoxetol has been explored for its role as an immersion agent. Hence, we aim to understand the properties of phenoxetol-based solution when used as an immersion medium for preserving gross anatomy specimens. Materials and Methods: Two sets of specimens were procured from the cadavers embalmed in formalin and one set of specimens was immersed in formalin-based solution and the other set in 1% phenoxetol. Any sloughing, degradation, or presence of mold in the specimen was recorded over 3 years. Microbial cultures were taken from the tissues as well as the immersion solutions. Qualitative feedback regarding the experience of working with the fluids was obtained from the personnel involved in handling the specimens. These specimens were displayed at the end of 3 years to the teaching faculty and the parameters such as the general appearance, consistency to touch, state of degradation, and the ability to differentiate specific structures on the specimen were elicited and statistically analyzed. Results: The parameters such as tissue preservation, haptic and visual properties, and the differentiability of the structures in the specimens were preserved adequately with phenoxetol. Microbial assay from the tissues and the fluid showed no growth. There was no significant negative feedback against its use from the staff handling the specimens. Conclusion: 1% phenoxetol is a good alternative form of immersion medium for anatomical specimens with less toxicity and better environmental impact.
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Utpal Kumar Biswas, Nashid Tabassum Khan, Mohammad Ahad Hossain, and Abdul Kader. "Collection, preservation and forwarding of biological samples for toxicological analysis in medico legal autopsy cases." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 1, Number 2 (July 1, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0102.07.
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Collection of proper autopsy specimen is an essential step in the process of toxicology case work. Improper collection of these specimens can greatly alter or negate chemical and toxicological analysis. This article is an update about the standard methods of biological specimen collection procedures for toxicological analysis which will be helpful for the forensic pathologist and forensicscientists.
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Contreras Perea, Juan Carlos, Arturo Galindo Fraga, Martha Asunción Huertas Jiménez, Aurora Muñoz Pedraza, and Juan Miguel Terán Soto. "Guía de práctica clínica para toma de muestra de gases en sangre en México." Latin american journal of clinical sciences and medical technology 4, no. 1 (July 21, 2022): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34141/ljcs6842624.
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In order to promote preanalytic blood gas sample quality and to standardize sample collection, transport, and preservation protocols, a multidisciplinary experts group developed Guía de práctica clínica para toma de muestra de gases en México (Clinical practice guidelines for blood gas sample collection in Mexico). It includes recommendations for request, identification and patient´s preparation, sampling indications, contraindications, simple type selection, anatomical site, use and selection of the optimal sampling materials, operating room sampling, complications, handling, transport, and simple rejection criteria.
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Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andres, and Jeremy Abraham Miller. "Old Brains in Alcohol: The Usability of Legacy Collection Material to Study the Spider Neuroarchitecture." Diversity 13, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110601.
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Natural history collections include rare and significant taxa that might otherwise be unavailable for comparative studies. However, curators must balance the needs of current and long-term research. Methods of data extraction that minimize the impact on specimens are therefore favored. Micro-CT has the potential to expose new character systems based on internal anatomy to taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis without dissection or thin sectioning for histology. However, commonly applied micro-CT protocols involve critical point drying, which permanently changes the specimen. Here, we apply a minimally destructive method of specimen preparation for micro-CT investigation of spider neuroanatomy suitable for application to legacy specimens in natural history collections. We used two groups of female spiders of the common species Araneus diadematus—freshly captured (n = 11) vs. legacy material between 70 and 90 years old (n = 10)—to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the viability of micro-CT scanning and the impact of aging on their neuroarchitecture. We statistically compared the volumes of the supraesophageal ganglion (syncerebrum) and used 2D geometric morphometrics to analyze variations in the gross shape of the brain. We found no significant differences in the brain shape or the brain volume relative to the cephalothorax size. Nonetheless, a significant difference was observed in the spider size. We considered such differences to be explained by environmental factors rather than preservation artifacts. Comparison between legacy and freshly collected specimens indicates that museum specimens do not degrade over time in a way that might bias the study results, as long as the basic preservation conditions are consistently maintained, and where lapses in preservation have occurred, these can be identified. This, together with the relatively low-impact nature of the micro-CT protocol applied here, could facilitate the use of old, rare, and valuable material from collections in studies of internal morphology.
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Abdillah, Zilki Tsani, Samson CMS, and Ute Lies Siti Khadijah. "Kegiatan preservasi preventif di Museum Zoologi Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati Institut Teknologi Bandung." Informatio: Journal of Library and Information Science 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/inf.v4i1.42663.
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Zoological Museum, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology has a collection that includes more than 2,200 specimens, consisting of various types of vertebrates and invertebrates. This collection is of great importance as a means of education, research, and the preservation of biodiversity. The ITB Zoological Museum carries out preventive preservation to maintain condition and sustainability, as well as prevent damage to the collection. This activity encompasses the processes of identifying and storing the collection, arranging the placement and labeling of the collection, and periodically maintaining the collection. This research aims to examine the preservation process in the collections at the ITB Zoological Museum in order to protect and maintain information in the collections and speed up the search for information on fauna collections that have been stored in the form of photos and videos on the ITB Zoological website. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach to understand the collection preservation process at the ITB Zoological Museum from the curator's perspective. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and a literature study. The research results show that the preservation of the collection at the ITB Zoological Museum is carried out in several stages. First, the identification and storage of the collection, where the curator identifies the type, condition, and potential damage to the collection, which is then stored according to its type. Second, the arrangement of placement and labeling of the collection to facilitate the identification process. Third, the maintenance of the collection is carried out periodically by the curator, which includes cleaning, inspecting, and caring for the collection according to its type to prevent further damage. Preventive preservation is a very important activity to maintain the sustainability of the collection at the ITB Zoological Museum. The curator plays a crucial role in the implementation of this preventive preservation and must have adequate knowledge and skills to carry it out.
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Bundy, D. A. P., J. D. M. Foreman, and M. H. N. Golden. "Sodium azide preservation of faecal specimens for Kato analysis." Parasitology 90, no. 3 (June 1985): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000055463.
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The modified Kato technique has the advantages of reproducibility, simplicity and economy: the disadvantage is that it cannot be used in conjunction with traditional faecal preservatives. Sodium azide has been evaluated as a preservative for human faeces for subsequent Kato analysis. More than 400 faecal samples (from normal and malnourished children, and from mixed-age participants in a field survey of the Turks and Caicos Islands) were each mixed with 2–5 mg of sodium azide powder and stored in 2 or 4 ml autoanalyser cups at ambient tropical temperature. At intervals up to 30 weeks, aliquots were prepared for Kato analysis.Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoidesandNecator americanuseggs were well preserved without degenerative or developmental changes in morphology. Quantitative analyses of 18 samples indicated that the mean egg count/sample did not change significantly after storage for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks in preservative. The use of azide preservative extends the applications of the Kato technique to field and clinical studies in which delays may occur between specimen collection and examination. The direct costs of azide preservation are substantially lower than for traditional methods and the preserved specimens are more compact and resistant to leakage.
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Pichardo-Molinero, Ma Reyes, Samantha Jardon-Xicotencatl, Misael R. Oliver-González, and Carlos G. García-Tovar. "Implementation of a New Solution for the Preservation of Anatomical Specimens Made of Non-Toxic Substances." Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 14, no. 03 (2024): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2024.143005.
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Colleary, Caitlin, Shane O’Reilly, Andrei Dolocan, Jason G. Toyoda, Rosalie K. Chu, Malak M. Tfaily, Michael F. Hochella, and Sterling J. Nesbitt. "Using Macro- and Microscale Preservation in Vertebrate Fossils as Predictors for Molecular Preservation in Fluvial Environments." Biology 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091304.
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Exceptionally preserved fossils retain soft tissues and often the biomolecules that were present in an animal during its life. The majority of terrestrial vertebrate fossils are not traditionally considered exceptionally preserved, with fossils falling on a spectrum ranging from very well-preserved to poorly preserved when considering completeness, morphology and the presence of microstructures. Within this variability of anatomical preservation, high-quality macro-scale preservation (e.g., articulated skeletons) may not be reflected in molecular-scale preservation (i.e., biomolecules). Excavation of the Hayden Quarry (HQ; Chinle Formation, Ghost Ranch, NM, USA) has resulted in the recovery of thousands of fossilized vertebrate specimens. This has contributed greatly to our knowledge of early dinosaur evolution and paleoenvironmental conditions during the Late Triassic Period (~212 Ma). The number of specimens, completeness of skeletons and fidelity of osteohistological microstructures preserved in the bone all demonstrate the remarkable quality of the fossils preserved at this locality. Because the Hayden Quarry is an excellent example of good preservation in a fluvial environment, we have tested different fossil types (i.e., bone, tooth, coprolite) to examine the molecular preservation and overall taphonomy of the HQ to determine how different scales of preservation vary within a single locality. We used multiple high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques (TOF-SIMS, GC-MS, FT-ICR MS) to compare the fossils to unaltered bone from extant vertebrates, experimentally matured bone, and younger dinosaurian skeletal material from other fluvial environments. FT-ICR MS provides detailed molecular information about complex mixtures, and TOF-SIMS has high elemental spatial sensitivity. Using these techniques, we did not find convincing evidence of a molecular signal that can be confidently interpreted as endogenous, indicating that very good macro- and microscale preservation are not necessarily good predictors of molecular preservation.
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LaRocco, Mark T., Jacob Franek, Elizabeth K. Leibach, Alice S. Weissfeld, Colleen S. Kraft, Robert L. Sautter, Vickie Baselski, Debra Rodahl, Edward J. Peterson, and Nancy E. Cornish. "Effectiveness of Preanalytic Practices on Contamination and Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine Cultures: a Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 29, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 105–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00030-15.
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SUMMARYBackground.Urinary tract infection (UTI) in the United States is the most common bacterial infection, and urine cultures often make up the largest portion of workload for a hospital-based microbiology laboratory. Appropriately managing the factors affecting the preanalytic phase of urine culture contributes significantly to the generation of meaningful culture results that ultimately affect patient diagnosis and management. Urine culture contamination can be reduced with proper techniques for urine collection, preservation, storage, and transport, the major factors affecting the preanalytic phase of urine culture.Objectives.The purposes of this review were to identify and evaluate preanalytic practices associated with urine specimens and to assess their impact on the accuracy of urine culture microbiology. Specific practices included collection methods for men, women, and children; preservation of urine samples in boric acid solutions; and the effect of refrigeration on stored urine. Practice efficacy and effectiveness were measured by two parameters: reduction of urine culture contamination and increased accuracy of patient diagnosis. The CDC Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP) initiative's systematic review method for assessment of quality improvement (QI) practices was employed. Results were then translated into evidence-based practice guidelines.Search strategy.A search of three electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL), as well as hand searching of bibliographies from relevant information sources, for English-language articles published between 1965 and 2014 was conducted.Selection criteria.The search contained the following medical subject headings and key text words: urinary tract infections, UTI, urine/analysis, urine/microbiology, urinalysis, specimen handling, preservation, biological, preservation, boric acid, boric acid/borate, refrigeration, storage, time factors, transportation, transport time, time delay, time factor, timing, urine specimen collection, catheters, indwelling, urinary reservoirs, continent, urinary catheterization, intermittent urethral catheterization, clean voided, midstream, Foley, suprapubic, bacteriological techniques, and microbiological techniques.Main results.Both boric acid and refrigeration adequately preserved urine specimens prior to their processing for up to 24 h. Urine held at room temperature for more than 4 h showed overgrowth of both clinically significant and contaminating microorganisms. The overall strength of this body of evidence, however, was rated as low. For urine specimens collected from women, there was no difference in rates of contamination for midstream urine specimens collected with or without cleansing. The overall strength of this evidence was rated as high. The levels of diagnostic accuracy of midstream urine collection with or without cleansing were similar, although the overall strength of this evidence was rated as low. For urine specimens collected from men, there was a reduction in contamination in favor of midstream clean-catch over first-void specimen collection. The strength of this evidence was rated as high. Only one study compared midstream collection with cleansing to midstream collection without cleansing. Results showed no difference in contamination between the two methods of collection. However, imprecision was due largely to the small event size. The diagnostic accuracy of midstream urine collection from men compared to straight catheterization or suprapubic aspiration was high. However, the overall strength of this body of evidence was rated as low. For urine specimens collected from children and infants, the evidence comparing contamination rates for midstream urine collection with cleansing, midstream collection without cleansing, sterile urine bag collection, and diaper collection pointed to larger reductions in the odds of contamination in favor of midstream collection with cleansing over the other methods of collection. This body of evidence was rated as high. The accuracy of diagnosis of urinary tract infection from midstream clean-catch urine specimens, sterile urine bag specimens, or diaper specimens compared to straight catheterization or suprapubic aspiration was varied.Authors' conclusions.No recommendation for or against is made for delayed processing of urine stored at room temperature, refrigerated, or preserved in boric acid. This does not preclude the use of refrigeration or chemical preservatives in clinical practice. It does indicate, however, that more systematic studies evaluating the utility of these measures are needed. If noninvasive collection is being considered for women, midstream collection with cleansing is recommended, but no recommendation for or against is made for midstream collection without cleansing. If noninvasive collection is being considered for men, midstream collection with cleansing is recommended and collection of first-void urine is not recommended. No recommendation for or against is made for collection of midstream urine without cleansing. If noninvasive collection is being considered for children, midstream collection with cleansing is recommended and collection in sterile urine bags, from diapers, or midstream without cleansing is not recommended. Whether midstream collection with cleansing can be routinely used in place of catheterization or suprapubic aspiration is unclear. The data suggest that midstream collection with cleansing is accurate for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in infants and children and has higher average accuracy than sterile urine bag collection (data for diaper collection were lacking); however, the overall strength of evidence was low, as multivariate modeling could not be performed, and thus no recommendation for or against can be made.
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Das, Arabinda, Arunprasad Gunasekaran, Heather R. Stephens, Penny Sekerak, Joseph Mark, Daniel G. McDonald, Milad Yazdani, et al. "QLTI-02. AUTOMATED INTRAOPERATIVE RESECTION TECHNOLOGY GENERATES INCREASED TISSUE YIELD AND IMPROVED BIOLOGICAL PRESERVATION OF BRAIN TUMOR SPECIMENS FOR NEURO-ONCOLOGY RESEARCH." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.904.
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive tumor showing extensive intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. While preserving as much surrounding normal brain tissue as possible, neurosurgeons must aim to harvest maximal tumor tissue from a variety of tumor locations in an effort to capture heterogenic samples in high volume for molecular and pathologic diagnosis and translational research. A key challenge is the ability to consistently procure high-quality biologically active specimens. In this investigation, we implemented an automated intraoperative system to eliminate inconsistencies in the methodology of tissue collection, handling, and biological preservation immediately in the OR suite to establish a repeatable, standardized practice for obtaining high-quality tissue samples without the need for additional staff. Through this process, we were able to characterize matched specimens from GB patients or GB tumors from corresponding GB-allograft mice and compare the quality of traditional handling and collection processes of intraoperative tissue used in most neurosurgical operating rooms versus an automated resection, collection, and biological preservation system (APS) that captures, preserves, and biologically maintains tissue in a prescribed and controlled microenvironment. Matched specimens/or tissues were then processed in parallel at various time points and temperatures, evaluating viability, RNA and protein concentrations, and isolation of GB cell lines. We found that APS-derived GB slices stored in an APS modified medium remained viable and maintained high-quality RNA and protein concentration for up to 24 hours. Our results showed that primary GB cell cultures derived in this manner had improved growth over the widely used collection and preservation methods. Currently, we are continuing the investigation of collected samples in brain tumor animal models to further understand potential differences within the tumor region harvested and the cellular changes that occur over time. Our hope is this research will lead to new discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.
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Carrenho, Renan, Higor D. D. Rodrigues, Adriana Carneiro de Lima, and Cristiano Feldens Schwertner. "Type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) housed in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (June 8, 2020): e20206017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.17.
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This paper provides a record of the type specimens of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) housed in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP), with information on 65 primary types and 316 secondary types. These type specimens represent 116 nominal species, currently classified in five infraorders and 14 families. The taxa are presented alphabetically, followed by bibliographic citation, type status, preservation method, collection data, and taxonomic remarks when appropriate.
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Abumandour, Mohamed Mohamed Abd El-Rahman, and Raafat Mohamed Ahmed El-Bakery. "Air-Drying: A Simple Method for the Preservation of Hollow Organs and Lungs to Contribute to the Teaching of Anatomy." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 04 (August 27, 2019): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695047.
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AbstractThe present study describes air-drying, which is an alternative method to study and teach gross anatomy to undergraduate and postgraduate students. In order to preserve the hollow organs of different animals, an air-drying pump (compressor) was used; then, the preserved specimens were expanded through the injection of foam into their lumen followed by the application of varnish on their external surface to protect them from insect damage. This method of preservation is suitable for developing countries because it is cheap to prepare, simple to perform, and can be performed at room temperature (37°-40°C) without special equipment. The produced specimens have many advantages: their normal anatomical form remains durable, very light in weight, non- toxic regarding handling, and resistant to improper handling and deterioration by fungi or bacteria, with all structures very clear. These preserved specimens last for many years without any changes.
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Galtier, Jean, Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud, and Rachel Brown. "The anatomy and seed plant affinities ofRhacopterisandSpathulopterisfoliage from the Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous) of Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 88, no. 4 (1997): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006945.
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AbstractPermineralised material ofRhacopteris lindseaeformis(Bunbury) Kidston andSpathulopteris obovata(Lindley & Hutton) Kidston, showing both external morphology and excellent anatomical preservation, is described from the Lower Carboniferous (?Asbian, Upper Viséan) tuffs and dolomitic ashes outcropping at Weaklaw–Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. These specimens provide the first anatomical information on these two well-known plant compression genera. The rachises haveLyginorachis-type anatomy with distinctive characters in the two species.Spathulopterisrachises correspond toLyginorachis kingswoodenseMeyer-Berthaud, previously described from the localities of Kingswood and East Kirkton, whereasRhacopterisshows similarities with the petiole attributed toBiligneafrom Oxroad Bay. Both foliage types conform to seed-fern frond organisation. This new evidence contradicts previous interpretations ofRhacopterisas a fern or a progymnosperm. We suggest thatRhacopteris lindseaeformisandSpathulopteris obovatarepresent the foliage of some of the arborescent gymnosperms which are found associated in several contemporaneous localities.
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Piromchai, P., I. Ioannou, S. Wijewickrema, P. Kasemsiri, J. Lodge, G. Kennedy, and S. O'Leary. "Effects of anatomical variation on trainee performance in a virtual reality temporal bone surgery simulator." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 131, S1 (October 28, 2016): S29—S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116009233.
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AbstractObjective:To investigate the importance of anatomical variation in acquiring skills in virtual reality cochlear implant surgery.Methods:Eleven otolaryngology residents participated in this study. They were randomly allocated to practice cochlear implant surgery on the same specimen or on different specimens for four weeks. They were then tested on two new specimens, one standard and one challenging. Videos of their performance were de-identified and reviewed independently, by two blinded consultant otolaryngologists, using a validated assessment scale. The scores were compared between groups.Results:On the standard specimen, the round window preparation score was 2.7 ± 0.4 for the experimental group and 1.7 ± 0.6 for the control group (p = 0.01). On the challenging specimen, instrument handling and facial nerve preservation scores of the experimental group were 3.0 ± 0.4 and 3.5 ± 0.7 respectively, while the control group received scores of 2.1 ± 0.8 and 2.4 ± 0.9 respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusion:Training on temporal bones with differing anatomies is beneficial in the development of expertise.
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Kosenko, Oxana, Claudia Steinicke, Heike Kielstein, and Florian Steger. "Fetal Development in Anatomical Preparations of Ruysch and the Meckels in Comparison." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 14896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214896.
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Anatomical collections have been used for centuries for research and teaching purposes. By the example of selected preparations of fetal development from the Ruysch collection (17th–18th centuries) and the Meckel collections (18th–19th century), this article aims to trace the changing purposes, specifics and methods of creating specimens as well as the development of anatomy during that period. The selected specimens are compared and analyzed implementing the historical-critical method. Regarding the appearance of the preparations, we see a transition from the visually aesthetic specimens (Ruysch) to exact ones (Meckel collections). If Ruysch’s preparations were compared in his time to works of art, specimens created by three anatomists of the Meckel dynasty were primarily created for teaching and research purposes. However, Ruysch’s preparations tracing fetal circulation were scientific discoveries of the time. As for preparations of fetal development from the Meckel collections, we see both specimens of physiological processes already known at that time and experimental ones. Regarding teratology, Ruysch and Meckel the Younger tried to explain malformations, but their anatomical preparations could hardly give answers to the cause of deviations from the norm. The differences between the collections can be explained by the different stages of development of anatomy of the time and by the research interests of the anatomists themselves.
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Damjanovic, Isabella G., Madeline M. Damjanovic, Earl Donaldson, and Logan S. W. Bale. "Embalming cadaveric upper limbs after freezing and thawing: a novel technique for maximizing body donor usage through fresh frozen and formalin-fixed preservation." European Journal of Anatomy 28, no. 2 (March 2024): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/sdqc3737.
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Fresh frozen body donors are invaluable for surgical skills training sessions and medical research due to their realistic tissue quality. However, the potential for use as long-term teaching specimens is limited by soft-tissue deterioration following multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Embalming with the use of formalin achieves tissue fixation, thereby preventing tissue deterioration and enabling prolonged use of anatomical specimens. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fresh frozen upper limbs can be successfully embalmed for use as dissection and prosection resources in anatomical sciences education following one or more freeze-thaw cycles, thereby allowing for increased usage of an individual body donor. Four previously frozen left upper limbs were preserved using formalin fixation and were dissected 30 days following arterial embalming to determine whether adequate fixation could be achieved and whether the tissue quality could be maintained. The greatest number of freeze-thaw cycles evaluated in this study was six. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which specimens from fresh frozen human body donors have successfully been embalmed using formalin-fixation techniques following single or multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Following dissection of each upper limb, we conclude that formalin fixation after freezing and thawing is a viable preservation technique that can maintain a level of tissue quality suitable for educational dissection and prosection following use of the fresh frozen cadaver for surgical skills training sessions or medical research.
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Goldmann, Tim S., Michael Scholz, and Fritz Dross. "Skulls on the road – historical traces of anatomical connections between Erlangen and Tartu/Dorpat." Papers on Anthropology 30, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2021.30.1.08.
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The Chair for the History of Medicine at the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) is currently researching the provenance of human remains in the University Collections. Obviously, the by far largest number of those specimens is found in the Anatomical Collection, which is studied in close cooperation with the Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy a joint research project. Several specimens dating back to the time of Heinrich Friedrich Isenflamm (1771–1828) have been identified that went from Erlangen to Dorpat as well as others that came from Dorpat to Erlangen.
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Hidayat, Imawan Wahyu, Neneng Ine Kurnita, and Dimas Ardiyanto. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF CIBODAS BOTANIC GARDEN AS AN EX-SITU CONSERVATION SITE FOR TROPICAL MOUNTAINOUS PLANTS: THE LAST DECADE." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 19, no. 2 (September 12, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i2.1317.
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Abstract: The threats to the plant biodiversity become more advance along with rapid degradation of the natural habitat. Plants preservation needs accompaniment between in-situ and ex-situ conservation altogether. The ex-situ plant conservation plays more important roles in order to help conserve threatened plant species. Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) is a government institution which has the main assignment on ex-situ plant conservation, especially tropical mountainous plants. In the last decade, CBG has conducted exploration and plants collection in order to retrieve them from the destructive pressures in their habitat. This study aimed to asses the CBG’s contribution to ex-situ plant conservation through the addition number of planted plants and to describe the important value to conservation. The study conducted through a quantitative descriptive method, based on data inventory of the newly planted plant in the garden from 2008 to 2018. This also assessed the increasing collection of each year and descriptively explaining the background data, species variety, and their conservation status. The results described that the additional number was 473 specimens and the average increase was 43 specimens per-year. These originated from exploration and plants collection 248 specimens, donation 217 specimens, self-propagation seven specimens, and one specimen from seeds exchange. The most planted was Nepenthaceae with 84 specimens, secondly Phillantaceae with 21 specimens, and Lauraceae 15 specimens. There were 116 species (152 specimens) which have conservation status. These expected to be a comprehensive description of the CBG’s plant collection and meaningful for the conservation efforts in general.Keywords: ex-situ plant conservation; garden collection; Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG)
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Chanet, Bruno, and Claude Guintard. "Proposition for a protocol for anatomical studies on collection specimens by magnetic resonance imaging." Comptes Rendus Biologies 335, no. 1 (January 2012): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2011.11.003.
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Bezerra, Alexandra Maria Ramos, and Samanta Uchôa Bordallo. "Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (July 27, 2018): e20185833. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.33.
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Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), situated at Brazilian state of Pará, houses the third largest South-American mammal scientific collection, being a primary source of information for the study of Amazonian and Neotropical mammalians. The collection holds 245 felid specimens, comprising 210 skulls, 53 skins, 10 skeletons, and two anatomical pieces, representing 90% of wild Brazilian cat species, mainly from localities of Northern Brazil. We presented a list of this material, indexed by the genera and species. We also provided craniodental measurements of all the specimens with skull, and comment on the conservation status of the species and other remarkable data, including the first record of Leopardus tigrinus in the Brazilian state of Rondônia.
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Cooke, Martyn. "Museum makeover promotes surgical education." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363509x449573.
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Surgical trainees who may soon be sitting their examinations will be interested to know of a number of changes and phased improvements taking place in the Wellcome Museum of Anatomy and Pathology, which will make the collection more relevant to surgical education. In February 2008 the first series of core surgical anatomy tutorials began. The College museum has proved to be both an eminently suitable tutorial venue and an invaluable study collection of anatomical and pathological specimens.
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LIMA, ARTHUR DE, THIAGO SILVA LOBODA, MICHEL DONATO GIANETI, JOÃO PAULO CAPRETZ BATISTA DA SILVA, and MARIO DE PINNA. "Type specimens of Elasmobranchii in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP)." Zootaxa 5296, no. 3 (May 29, 2023): 301–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.3.1.
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The type specimens of the subclass Elasmobranchii deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo are compiled in an annotated list, including updated measurements, verified collection data and recent photographs of holotypes and selected paratypes. Relevant information on the preservation condition of the specimens and their current taxonomic status are also provided. The collection holds a total of 135 lots of type specimens of elasmobranchs, three holotypes and seven paratypes in the division Selachii plus 16 holotypes, one neotype, and 108 paratypes in the division Batoidea (total specimen count: 137). Four paratypes were not located and one was donated to another institution, and publication mistakes in catalog numbers and locality assignments are corrected. The vast majority of specimens belong to the neotropical freshwater stingrays (subfamily Potamotrygoninae). The present catalogue intends to facilitate taxonomic research by providing access to updated information on type specimens of mostly large-sized taxa, which are notoriously difficult or impossible to examine outside of their home institution.
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Sterli, Juliana, and Marcelo S. de la Fuente. "Cranial and post-cranial remains and phylogenetic relationships of the Gondwanan meiolaniform turtle Peligrochelys walshae from the Paleocene of Chubut, Argentina." Journal of Paleontology 93, no. 04 (April 11, 2019): 798–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.11.
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AbstractPeligrochelys walshae is a meiolaniform turtle originally described based on four specimens represented by cranial remains found in the classic locality of Punta Peligro (Chubut, Argentina) in outcrops of the Salamanca Formation (Danian). Recent field work in the vicinity of Punta Peligro resulted in the discovery of almost 30 new specimens, represented by cranial and postcranial remains that can be assigned to P. walshae. In this contribution, we provide a detailed anatomical description of the new specimens, provide an emended diagnosis for the species, and explore its phylogenetic relationships based on all anatomical data available for the species. The new specimens bring valuable information about the anatomy of the skull and postcranium of P. walshae as well as for meiolaniforms in general. The 3D preservation of the skull bones allows us to provide a 3D reconstruction using novel techniques. The updated phylogenetic analysis confirms that P. walshae is part of the clade Meiolaniformes, which spans from the Early Cretaceous until the Holocene and contains the giant, horned turtles (Meiolaniidae). This phylogenetic analysis reinforces the previous hypothesis that the clade Meiolaniformes is dominated by Gondwanan taxa, but also includes some Laurasian representatives. Alternate phylogenetic positions of taxa included in Meiolaniformes in this analysis were tested using the Templeton test. The lineage leading to Peligrochelys walshae is the only meiolaniform non-meiolaniid lineage to have survived the K-Pg mass extinction; its study provides valuable information to evaluate the effects of the K-Pg extinction in turtles.