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Journal articles on the topic 'Anatomistas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Valdizán, Hermilio. "Los anatomistas de la colonia." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 4 (November 19, 2014): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v4i0.10675.

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El período colonial de la Medicina Peruana que imitando, con más voluntad que fortuna, a Unanue, Ulloa, Patrón y otros he pretendido poner en evidencia ante nuestros contemporáneos, ha permanecido tan extraño a nuestra cultura histórica y tan oculto a las curiosidades tibias de los unos y a las tímidas investigaciones de los otros, que no debe extrañarnos la dolorosa unanimidad con la cual aceptamos aún hoy, juzgando con igual criterio injusto, las desautorizadas adjetivaciones de CAVIEDES y las declaraciones, un tanto apasionadas, de informadores extranjeros, como BOTTONI y PETlT. Es indudable que una ignorancia muy grande caracterizaba, en pleno siglo XVIII, al cuerpo médico del virreinato, y ningún hecho más lógico que esa ignorancia, si se recuerda, antes de calificarla duramente, las condiciones en las cuales se formaron los médicos y cirujanos peruanos : la falta de un centro de enseñanza y de maestros preparados para realizarla y aún el egoísmo de prácticos mediocres que, engreídos por triunfos baratos en la práctica civil, contemplando en cada discípulo un probable rival, quizá no caracterizaron sus enseñanzas por la lealtad que debe inspirar toda trasmisión de conocimientos.
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2

Moreno-Egea, Alfredo. "Aportaciones de los anatomistas españoles del Renacimiento." Revista Hispanoamericana de Hernia 4, no. 3 (July 2016): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehah.2016.02.002.

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3

Mercado Lara, María Fernanda, and Álvaro Monterrosa Castro. "Rafael Alvear Terán: el último exponente del método anatomoclínico en la universidad de Cartagena." Revista Ciencias Biomédicas 6, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.32997/rcb-2015-2971.

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La anatomía humana fue el epicentro del saber, quehacer y la educación médica durante finales del siglo XVIII y comienzos del siglo XIX. A este movimiento proveniente de escuelas médicas de París se le denominó el método anatomoclínico y promulgaba la articulación de los signos y síntomas de una patología con los hallazgos o lesiones anatómicas. Lo anterior permitió el auge de los anatomistas y el desarrollo de didácticas en el aprendizaje de la medicina con la disección de cadáveres humanos en los anfiteatros. Investigación, educación y asistencia clínica se realizó por décadas bajo el amparo conceptual de la medicina anatomoclínica. Con el pasar de los años surgió la medicina de laboratorio y otras corrientes como la etiopatológica y la fisiopatológica, las cuales trajeron como consecuencia que el papel de la anatomía dentro de la enseñanza y la práctica clínica fuese modificado. La Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Cartagena-Colombia recibió influencia de la medicina anatomoclínica por parte de docentes que realizaron sus estudios médicos en escuelas francesas y por la lectura de libros en francés. Una saga de profesores anatomistas se pueden identificar, siendo el doctor Rafael Alvear Terán, el último docente de esa facultad médica, representante de la también llamada mentalidad anatomoclínica. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2015;6(2): 394-405
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4

Conde Parrado, Pedro. "Entre la ambigüedad y la audacia: la vivisección alejandrina y los anatomistas del Renacimiento." Asclepio 51, no. 1 (June 30, 1999): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.1999.v51.i1.322.

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5

Dalla Costa, Henrique Weber, Talita Baldin, Luciano Denardi, Lenice De Carli, Rômulo Trevisan, and José Newton Cardoso Marchiori. "Anatomia do lenho de Maytenus cassineformis Reissek (Celastraceae)." Balduinia, no. 50 (November 3, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2358198020327.

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O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever, microscopicamente, o lenho de Maytenus cassineformis Reissek, arvoreta nativa no Rio Grande do Sul. A descrição do lenho foi realizada com base nas normas da Associação Internacional de Anatomistas da Madeira (IAWA). Foram observados: vasos predominantemente solitários e em porosidade difusa; parênquima axial ausente; tecido radial heterogêneo; e fibras septadas e não-septadas. Os caracteres anatômicos são compatíveis com referências da literatura para Celastraceae, com pequenas divergências a nível de gênero.
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6

Dhumale, Sameer R., and Abduelmenem Alashkham. "THE COEXISTENCE OF ILIACUS MUSCLE VARIATION AND FEMORAL NERVE SPLIT: A CASE REPORT AND POSSIBLE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS La coexistencia de la variación del músculo ilíaco y de la división del nervio femoral: Reporte de caso y posibles repercusiones clínic." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v8.n2.14625.

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The iliacus muscle variation and coexisting femoral nerve split were discovered during routine anatomical dissection of iliac fossae in an embalmed cadaver. Careful dissection revealed abnormal branching of the femoral nerve around a muscular slip of iliacus, named iliacus minimus. We reason that the coexistence of a femoral nerve split with aberrant muscular slips increases the chance of nerve compression. The findings reported here support many other cases of unusual femoral nerve branching and highlight the impact on diagnostic testing, imaging, and treatment of pathology within the iliac compartment. Understanding and recognising anatomical variation is critical for medical specialists and educators, particularly anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons in order to improve medical practice;La variación de músculo del ilíaco coexistiendo con la división del nervio femoral fueron descubiertos durante la disección anatómica rutinaria de la Fosa ilíaca en un cadáver fijado. La disección cuidadosa reveló una ramificación anormal del nervio femoral alrededor de una división accesoria del musculo iliaco, llamado iliacus minimus. Razonamos que la coexistencia de una ramificación del nervio femoral con divisiones musculares aberrantes aumenta la posibilidad de compresión del nervio. Los resultados publicados aquí apoyan muchos otros casos de ramificación del nervio femoral inusuales y destacan la relevancia en las pruebas diagnósticas, los métodos por imágenes y el tratamiento de la patología dentro de la fosa iliaca. Comprender y reconocer las variaciones anatómicas son fundamentales para médicos especialistas y docentes, particularmente anatomistas, radiólogos y cirujanos con el fin de mejorar la práctica médica.
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7

Alvim, Marüia Carvalho de Mello e., and Dorath Pinto Uchôa. "Porotic hyperostosis in Indians’ and Mulattos’ skulls from Southeastern Brazil: correlation between calvarium and orbital lesions." Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, no. 6 (December 12, 1996): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.1996.109259.

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A pesquisa da hiperosteose em crânios de índios e mulatos do Sudeste brasileiro, feita pelas autoras, correlaciona as lesões na cálvaria e na órbita. O trabalho soma-se aos inúmeros estudos publicados por anatomistas, antropólogos físicos, médicos e paleopatologistas que consideram a hiperosteose porosa como marcador de estresse biológico, decorrente de anemias de origens várias. A análise macroscópica da hiperosteose na órbita e na calvária foi feita numa amostra de 409 indivíduos (141 índios e 268 mulatos), distribuídos em grupos de idade e sexo. A correlação entre as lesões nos dois grupos, distintos e distanciados do pontos de vista racial, cultural e temporal, foi feita sob perspectivas antropológicas. Considerou-se também, na produção desta patologia, a complexa interação dos fatores biossocial e ambiental.
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Biasutto, Susana. "5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSION OF CLINICAL AND APPLIED ANATOMY AND 1ST PANEUROPEAN MEETING OF ANATOMISTS. 97 5º Simposio Internacional de Anatomía Clínica y Aplicada y 1º Encuentro Europeo de Anatomistas." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 5, no. 2 (March 28, 2016): 97–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v5.n2.14065.

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9

FA, Soares. "A patologia na trilha que une a morfologia tradicional à medicina de precisão." Anais da Academia Nacional de Medicina 192, Especial (2021): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52130/0001.3838.anm2021v.192n.especial.p.158-170.

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O desenvolvimento da patologia, uma das ciências médicas mais antigas e consolidadas, tem cerca de sete séculos. Essa longa jornada iniciou com os grandes anatomistas. Toda a evolução da medicina na idade média esteve associada ao conhecimento gerado pelas autopsias, chamada na época de anatomia mórbida. O advento da patologia celular, no final do século XIX, mudou totalmente a classificação das neoplasias e permitiu o desenvolvimento da patologia cirúrgica. O advento dos biomarcadores permitiu uma grande mudança, passando dos diagnósticos axiomáticos para diagnósticos baseados em evidências de expressão proteica, análise de transcritos de RNA e alterações na sequência de DNA. O advento da patologia molecular, já no século XXI, transforma novamente a patologia e cria o desafio da formação da nova geração de patologistas. O presente artigo analisa de forma resumida o caminho trilhado pela patologia em seu desenvolvimento ao longo desses 700 anos.
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10

Marques de Souza Wahrlich, Beatriz. "Análise das Principais Teorias de Organização." Revista do Serviço Público 74, no. 03 (February 6, 2020): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v74i03.4328.

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A escola “anatômica” se preocupa com a forma e a disposição organizacionale com as interrelações estruturais das partes.Deve-se muito da literatura sôbre organização a esta escola, que dá ênfaseà análise dos problemas de organização de cima para baixo, contrastando como ponto de vista dos engenheiros. Os anatomistas de organização são decididamente“administrativamente orientados” ; (2 ) olham a organização comoum “sistema de subdividir a empresa, sob o chefe principal.” (3 )D w i g h t W a l d o oferece outra classificação possível para esta escola: formamseus componentes o grupo racionalista. W a l d o quer dizer, com o têrmoracional, que “ela (a escola) tendia a salientar o poder da razão humana deassenhorear-se dos elementos constitutivos das relações humanas e de manejaressas relações de forma logicamente traçada para atingir objetivos predeterminados”. (4 ) Esta classificação, contudo, implica numa crítica que, seja qualfôr o seu mérito, não cabe nesta parte. Mais tarde, todavia, será novamentemencionada.
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11

Tubbs, R. Shane, Sanjay Linganna, and Marios Loukas. "Matteo Realdo Colombo (c. 1516–1559): The Anatomist and Surgeon." American Surgeon 74, no. 1 (January 2008): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480807400120.

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Matteo Realdo Colombo (c. 1516–1559) was one of the great anatomists and teachers of the Renaissance period. He has created a lasting reputation by both challenging incorrect medical convention and influencing the great artwork of the time. Although Colombo's contemporaries are often held in greater esteem, the accomplishments of this anatomist helped set the stage for modern medicine. The story of Colombo's life provides the modern surgeons and anatomist with valuable lessons regarding the nature of orthodoxy, conflict, and the evolving nature of “truth” in science.
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12

Dini, Leandro Infantini, Leonardo Vedolin, Flávio Aesse, Cláudio Pitta Pinheiro, Gustavo Felipe Luersen, Felipe Victora Wagner, Gustavo Rassier Isolan, Alessandro Mazzola, and Jaderson Costa Da Costa. "Estudo anatômico da substância branca do cérebro." JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 20, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v20i1.709.

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A técnica de dissecção de fibras é um método clássico, utilizado por renomados anatomistas do passado, para a demonstração dos tratos e fascículos integrantes da substância branca do cérebro. Esta técnica, utilizada desde o século XVII, envolve a dissecção em camadas da substância branca cerebral para demonstrar passo a passo a organização anatômica interna do parênquima. A complexidade da preparação do cérebro e da dissecção das fibras fez com que esse método fosse negligenciado por décadas. Com a possibilidade contemporânea e inédita de se visualizar os feixes de substância branca do encéfalo in vivo pela ressonância magnética, os fundamentos anatômicos antigos obtidos com a clássica técnica de dissecção de fibras tornam-se, paradoxalmente, ainda mais relevantes e atuais. Este trabalho descreve as principais etapas da técnica de dissecção de fibras, aprimorada por Joseph Klingler e revitalizada na última década por M. G. Yasargil e Ügur Türe, como uma forma de entendimento da anatomia intrínseca tridimensional do encéfalo para o uso clínico. Este estudo também busca explorar as potencialidades dessa verdadeira “dissecção virtual” através da ressonância magnética (tratografia) em reproduzir e complementar o conhecimento anatômico das fibras obtido pelo método clássico.
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Negro, Paolo. "La cirugía de hernia de la pared abdominal en Italia." REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE HERNIA 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/rhh.132.

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Europa ha contribuido mucho al desarrollo de la cirugía de la hernia de la pared abdominal y, sobre todo, esta se ha llevado a cabo por parte de los países latinos: Italia, Francia y España. Las estructuras anatómicas de la pared abdominal (y en particular, las del canal inguinal), estudiadas y descritas por famosos cirujanos latinos y anatomistas como Gimbernat, Morgani y Scarpa o, en tiempos más recientes, Fruchaud, son las que aún hoy constituyen la referencia para cada intervención que hacemos. Los legendarios cirujanos renacentistas, como Guy de Chauliac, Benivieni, Franco, Paré y Martín Martínez, fueron los pioneros de la cirugía de la hernia inguinal, con intervenciones valientes pero empíricas. En los tiempos modernos recae en Bassini el mérito de haber concebido la primera intervención racional para el tratamiento de la hernia inguinal, la intervención más realizada en el mundo en la historia de la cirugía. A cirujanos franceses y españoles se les debe el reconocimiento de haber contribuido al progreso de la cirugía de hernia ventral. Goñi Moreno, Chevrel, Rives o Stoppa han vinculado su nombre a procedimientos y técnicas conocidas en todo el mundo.
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Kollukkad, Manoj, and Dereje Getachew. "BILATERAL DOUBLING OF RENAL ARTERIES IN AN ETHIOPIAN MALE CADAVER: A CASE REPORT. Doble arteria renal bilateral en un cadáver masculino etíope: reporte de un caso." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 6, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v6.n3.14144.

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Con los recientes avances en transplantes renales, y con los crecientes avances en reconstrucciones reno-vasculares a través del conocimiento profundo de la anatomía normal y que sus variantes en la vascularización renal son muy importante. En relación a esto dado el interés académico para anatomistas, así como para los médicos. Se presenta un caso de duplicación bilateral de los vasos renales. Hemos observado la presencia de la duplicación bilateral de vasos renales. En el lado derecho de las arterias renales, uno superior y otro inferior surgiendo de la aorta abdominal. La arteria superior emerge justo por encima del origen de la arteria mesentérica superior, mientras que la arteria renal inferior derecho se levanta alrededor de 1 cm del origen de la arteria mesentérica superior. En el lado izquierdo también había dos arterias renal estas surgían de la aorta abdominal del origen de la arteria mesentérica superior. También se observó la presencia de venas renales dobles en el lado izquierdo. El conocimiento de estas variaciones es de gran importancia clínica para los radiólogos, nefrólogos y urólogos en la creciente formación y en el procedimiento urológico pudiendo ayudar a evitar las complicaciones clínicas, especialmente durante los exámenes radiológicos o en el abordaje quirúrgico de esta región. With recent advancements in renal transplantations, renovascular reconstructions and imaging advances, thorough knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of the renal vasculature is very much important. These are of academic interest for anatomists as well as clinicians. Hence we report a case of bilateral duplication of renal vessels. We observed the presence of bilateral duplication of renal vessels. On the right side the renal arteries, one superior and one inferior arose from abdominal aorta. The superior artery arose just above the origin of superior mesenteric artery while the right inferior renal artery arose about 1cm below the origin of superior mesenteric artery. On the left side also there were two renal arteries both arose from the abdominal aorta below the origin of superior mesenteric artery. We also observed the presence of double renal veins on the left side. Knowledge of these variations is of great clinical significance to radiologists, nephrologists, and urologists in imaging and urological procedure and may help to avoid the clinical complications especially during radiological examinations or surgical approaches in this region.
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Leon H., Williams J., and Luis Enrique Gámez. "Anatomía de la madera de ocho especies de Pentacalia (Asteraceae) en Venezuela." Caldasia 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v40n1.65722.

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La familia Asteraceae es una de las más ricas en Venezuela. Pentacalia es el género con mayor cantidad de especies dentro de la misma y su principal área de distribución corresponde a los estados Mérida, Táchira y Trujillo. A pesar de su importancia, son pocos los estudios de anatomía xilemática para Pentacalia. El objetivo de este trabajo es la descripción anatómica de la madera de ocho especies de Pentacalia: P. cachacoensis, P. greenmaniana, P. imbricatifolia, P. mason-halei, P. pachypus, P. quirorana, P. reflexa y P. venezuelensis con el fin de encontrar caracteres útiles para su identificación. Las muestras fueron colectadas en los páramos de los estados Táchira y Mérida y en selva nublada de Mérida. La preparación del material se hizo utilizando los procedimientos de microtecnia xilemática y la descripción se realizó de acuerdo a lo estipulado por la asociación internacional de anatomistas de la madera. Las especies se pueden separar en dos grupos de acuerdo a la presencia o ausencia de estructura estratificada y dentro de cada grupo se pueden establecer diferencias con base en caracteres cualitativos y, en algunos casos, es necesario separar con base en caracteres cuantitativos. Sólo P. pachypus y P. venezuelensis no se pudieron separar utilizando características anatómicas de la madera.
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Kock, Erwin. "Anatomía quirúrgica de la pelvis femenina (con especial atención al tejido conectivo)." REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE HERNIA 5, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/rhh.109.

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Introducción. Las características anatómicas de las fascias de la pelvis han sido descritas e interpretadas de forma distinta por anatomistas y cirujanos. Actualmente, todavía no sabemos cuál de dichas anatomías es la verdadera. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las fascias y espacios de la pelvis femenina e interpretar la anatomía desde una perspectiva quirúrgica.Material y Método. Estudio realizado en 29 cadáveres humanos, entre los años 2010 y 2015, en la Universidad de Tucumán, Argentina. Los cadáveres fueron disecados siguiendo la técnica quirúrgica habitual. Las vías de abordaje fueron superior, inferior o perineal, disección de cortes sagitales, vertico-frontales y horizontales, y resección en bloque del contenido pelviano y su posterior preparación - disección. Resultados. Se describe el diafragma aponeurótico y muscular, los espacios regionales, láminas y fijaciones de la pelvis femenina.Conclusión. La disposición anatómica de la pelvis femenina presenta como estructuras fasciales: 1) lámina iliogenital, 2) lámina interuretérica, 3) fascia de cubierta del espacio perirectal, 4) fascia de cubierta del espacio perivesical, 5) diafragma pelviano aponeurótico y 6) lámina perivisceral interdiafragmática. Y como espacios delimitados por estas fascias los siguientes: I) espacio perivesical, II) espacio perirectal, III) espacio intermedio, IV) espacio vesicogenital, V) espacio rectogenital y VI) el espacio interdifragmático.Palabras clave: pelvis femenina; anatomía; lámina iliogenital; periné
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Kaufman, M. H. "Genealogy of John and Charles Bell: Their Relationship with the Children of Charles Shaw of Ayr." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 4 (November 2005): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300409.

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The Reverend William Bell had six children who survived infancy. Two of his sons entered the legal profession and two other sons became distinguished anatomists and surgeons — John Bell, said for 20 years to have been the leading operating surgeon in Britain and throughout the world -and Sir Charles Bell, possibly the most distinguished anatomist and physiologist of his day. Information is not known about the fifth son or their sister. Charles Shaw, a lawyer of Ayr, had four sons and two daughters who survived infancy. Two of his sons, John and Alexander, became anatomists and later surgeons at the Middlesex Hospital, and both worked closely with Charles Bell at the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy. His third son entered the law and his fourth son became a distinguished soldier. The two daughters of Charles Shaw married into the Bell family: Barbara married George Joseph Bell and Marion married Mr (later Sir) Charles Bell.
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Biasutto, Susana N., Namita Sharma, Andreas H. Weiglein, Fernando Martínez Benia, Jennifer McBride, José Luis Bueno-López, Beverly Kramer, et al. "HUMAN BODIES TO TEACH ANATOMY: IMPORTANCE AND PROCUREMENT: EXPERIENCE WITH CADAVER DONATION. Cuerpos humanos para la enseñanza de la Anatomía: Importancia y procuración: Experiencia con la donación de cadáveres." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 6, no. 2 (March 28, 2016): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v6.n2.14127.

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Este Debate fue propuesto para aportar diferentes puntos de vista y conocer la diversidad de circunstancias involucradas en la procuración y uso de cadáveres para la enseñanza de la Anatomía, a estudiantes de pre y post-grado, en el mundo. Un grupo reducido pero representativo de profesores de Anatomía de todos los continentes fueron invitados a participar. Se distribuyeron algunos lineamientos para que los escritos tuvieran similar orientación, aunque los autores podían incluir cualquier concepto que consideraran de interés para los lectores. Además de los profesores de diversos países, el Prof. Bernard Moxham (Presidente de IFAA) aportó al Debate la posición oficial de la Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Anatomistas. Los panelistas acordaron en la importancia de utilizar material cadavérico para la enseñanza de la Anatomía, sin embargo, la provisión, las fuentes y los procedimientos utilizados para adquirirlos fueron algo diferentes de un país y/o universidad a otro. La experiencia de los países europeos, las limitaciones culturales en los asiáticos y africanos, y el retraso y los problemas estructurales en Sudamérica, son algunas de las particularidades que se señalan. Después de esta publicación se recibirán las preguntas y comentarios no solo de los participantes sino también de los lectores en general, las cuales serán respondidas y ambas, preguntas y respuestas, publicadas en el próximo número. Entonces, el Debate alcanzará su punto máximo al permitir a todas las personas involucradas en el tema, en cualquier lugar del mundo, participar y aportar información adicional. This Debate was proposed to provide different points of view and to know the diversity of circumstances involved in the procurement and use of cadavers to teach Anatomy, to pre and post-graduate students, all over the world. A reduced but representative group of professors of Anatomy of all continents were invited to participate. Some guidelines were distributed to give a common orientation to each paper instead authors were able to include whatever they considered to be of reader’s interest. Within the professors from different countries, Prof. Bernard Moxham (IFAA President) supported the Debate with the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists official position. The panelists agreed about the importance of using cadaveric material to teach Anatomy, but the provision, sources and procedures followed to get them are quite different from one to another country and/or university. The experience of European countries, the cultural limitations in Asiatic and African ones, the delay and structural problems in South America, are some of the pointed peculiarities. After this publication we will receive the questions and comments, not only from the Debate participants but also from general readers, which will be answered and both, questions and answers, published in the next issue. Then, the Debate may reach its top point by letting involved people from all over the world to take part and provide additional information.
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BERKOWITZ, CARIN. "Systems of display: the making of anatomical knowledge in Enlightenment Britain." British Journal for the History of Science 46, no. 3 (September 12, 2012): 359–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087412000787.

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AbstractLate eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century anatomy depended upon a variety of visual displays. Drawings in books, particularly expensive, beautiful and elaborately illustrated books that have been the objects of historians' fascination, were understood to function alongside chalk drawings done in classrooms, casual and formalized experience with animal and human corpses, text describing or contextualizing the images, and preserved specimens. This article argues that British anatomists of the late Enlightenment discovered and taught an intelligible, orderly Nature through comprehensive systems of display. These systems trained vision, and, taken as a whole, they can be used to understand a visual culture of science. Displays helped anatomists, artists and natural philosophers learn to see both the tiniest and the rarest of parts and an overall general plan of anatomy and relationship of parts. Each type of display was materially different from the others and each served to perfect human vision for a group of natural philosophers who valued sensory experience – primarily that of vision, but also that of touch – as the basis of learning. Together, these displays allowed the anatomist to see, in all of its dimensions, human nature, frozen in the ordered and unstressed state of fresh death, a comprehensible guide to life and its functions. A pedagogical context of use defined and bound such displays together as complementary parts of a unified project. A system of display stood in for Nature and at the same time represented her ordering by anatomists.
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Marsland, Madeleine J., and Michelle D. Lazarus. "Ask an anatomist: Identifying global trends, topics and themes of academic anatomists using twitter." Anatomical Sciences Education 11, no. 3 (October 4, 2017): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ase.1738.

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Mejía Verdial, Diana Alejandra, Felipe Alejandro Paredes Moreno, Tania Soledad Licona Rivera, and Luis Roberto Salinas Gómez. "HISTOLOGÍA: DESDE SU ORIGEN HASTA LA ACTUALIDAD." Revista Científica de la Escuela Universitaria de las Ciencias de la Salud 3, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rceucs.v3i1.7025.

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Histología, es la rama de la anatomía que estudia los tejidos de animales y plantas. Aunque el término anatomía microscópica no es sinónimo, se utilizan indistintamente para referirse al estudio de la estructura microscópica de células, tejidos y órganos o sistemas. Para ello, ha sido indispensable el invento del microscopio que sucedió a partir del descubrimiento de vidrios, cristales y lentes que llevaron a inventar los microscopios simples luego los compuestos, evolucionando en el siglo pasado a la invención del microscopio electrónico con mayor poder de resolución de 250 o ångström (A). Para observar un tejido al microscopio es fundamental el uso de técnicas histológicas y colorantes. Han sido muchos los personajes de la historia de la medicina que han participado en describir histológicamente el cuerpo humano, es por ello que diferentes estructuras histológicas llevan epóni- mos o términos constituidos por los nombres propios de sus descubridores, ejemplo los “corpúsculo de Malphigie.” El Comité Internacional Federativo de Terminología Anatómica (FICAT) bajo los auspicios de la Federación Internacio- nal de Asociaciones de Anatomistas (IFAA), recibió el encargo de unificar la terminología morfológica internacional, publicando dicha terminología histológica el año 2008. La Asociación Panamericana de Anatomía (APA), fue fundada en 1966 en la ciudad de México y desde el año 2009 se realizan los Simposios Iberolatinoamericanos de terminología Anatómica, Embriológica e Histológica, (SILAT) con el objetivo de traducir al castellano la TERMINOLOGÍA MORFOLÓGICA INTERNACIONAL, para que las instituciones educativas de medicina y de otras áreas de la salud, de habla hispana y portuguesa, la empleen cotidianamente. Palabras clave Colorantes, Histología, Microscopía
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Arribalzaga, Eduardo B. "¿POR QUÉ UN ANATOMISTA DEBE SER PARTE DE UNA SOCIEDAD CIENTÍFICA?. Why should anatomists participate at anatomical societies?" Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 4, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v4.n3.14032.

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Desmond, Adrian, and Sarah E. Parker. "The bibliography of Robert Edmond Grant (1793–1874): illustrated with a previously unpublished photograph." Archives of Natural History 33, no. 2 (October 2006): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.2.202.

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The comparative anatomist Robert Edmond Grant (1793–1874), best known for his work on sponges and other marine invertebrates, was important as a teacher and outspoken as a medical reformer. At Edinburgh University his transformist zoology provided the young Charles Darwin with his first theoretical framework. As professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy at the newly founded University of London, Grant influenced a new generation of comparative anatomists and medical men, even if his radical science and calls for reform in medical and scientific society made him unpopular with the conservative elite which held sway. In spite of his pivotal position, very little is known about the man. Here we present the most complete bibliography to date, consisting of 128 entries. This list also includes a breakdown of his published lectures.
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Oktaria, Anindita Safna, Esa Prakasa, and Efri Suhartono. "Wood Species Identification using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Architectures on Macroscopic Images." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 4, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.201943155.

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Indonesia is a country that is very rich in tree species that grow in forests. Wood growth in Indonesia consists of around 4000 species that have different names and characteristics. These differences can determine the quality and exact use of each type of wood. The procedure of standard identification is currently still carried out through visual observation by the wood anatomist. The wood identification process is very in need of the availability of wood anatomists, with a limited amount of wood anatomist will affect the result and the length of time to make an identification. This thesis uses an identification system that can classify wood based on species names with a macroscopic image of wood and the implementation of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method as a classification algorithm. Supporting architecture used is AlexNet, ResNet, and GoogLeNet. Architecture is then compared to a simple CNN architecture that is made namely Kayu30Net. Kayu30Net architecture has a precision performance value reaching 84.6%, recall 83.9%, F1 score 83.1% and an accuracy of 71.6%. In the wood species classification system using CNN, it is obtained that AlexNet as the best architecture that refers to a precision value of 98.4%, recall 98.4%, F1 score 98.3% and an accuracy of 96.7%.
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Jadhav, Surekha D., Shilpa N. Gosavi, and Balbhim R. Zambare. "STUDY OF PERONEUS DIGITI MINIMI QUINTI IN INDIAN POPULATION: A CADAVERIC STUDY. Estudio del peroneo dígiti minimi quinti en la población india: Un estudio cadavérico." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 5, no. 2 (March 28, 2016): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v5.n2.14060.

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Antecedentes: Peroneo meñique quinti es uno de los muchos músculos peroneos accesorios que por lo general se origina como un pequeño deslizamiento del tendón del peroneo lateral corto, alrededor del maléolo lateral, y se une a la aponeurosis dorsal del quinto dígito. No se conoce con precisión la prevalencia de la misma. Hay mucha confusión en la literatura, ya que existen múltiples clasificaciones superpuestas y una gran variedad de terminología descriptiva acerca de los músculos peroneos accesorios. Peroneo meñique quinti fue observado por algunos investigadores en la literatura, pero Macalister (1872) y Testut (1921) describen este músculo con sus variaciones en detalle. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 100 miembros inferiores de cadáveres adultos de sexo desconocido. El compartimento lateral de cada pie se disecó cuidadosamente para determinar la incidencia del peroneo lateral del meñique quinti. Se observó su origen y la inserción, y se tomó el diámetro. Resultados: Se observó este músculo en el 51% de los casos, con predominio del lado izquierdo. Estaba presente bilateralmente sólo en un 5% las extremidades inferiores. Su diámetro varía de 0,7mm a 3mm. Informamos mayor incidencia de este músculo con la variación en sus anexos distales. El conocimiento de esta variante muscular es importante no solo para anatomistas sino también para los cirujanos en el diagnostico de dolores de la región lateral del tobillo y del pie. Este músculo también se puede utilizar en el injerto y la reconstrucción en cirugía del pie y tobillo. Nuevos estudios deben ser realizados para determinar su incidencia en diferentes poblaciones con la ayuda del estudio en cadáver y nuevas técnicas. Background: Peroneus Digiti Minimi Quinti is one of many accessory peroneal muscles which usually originates as a small slip from the tendon of peroneus brevis, around the lateral malleolus, and attached to the dorsal aponeurosis of the fifth digit. The prevalence of it is not precisely known. There is much confusion in the literature, as there are multiple overlapping classif-ications and a vast array of descriptive terminology regarding the accessory peroneal muscles. Peroneus Digiti Minimi Quinti was observed by some researchers in literature but Macalister (1872) and Testut (1921) described this muscle with its variations in detail. Material and methods: We studied 100 lower limbs of adult cadavers of unknown sex. Lateral compartment of each leg was carefully dissected to determine the incidence of peroneus digiti minimi quinti. Its origin, insertion was noted and diameter was taken. Results: We observed this muscle in 51% of case with left side dominance. Bilaterally it was present only in 5% lower limb. Its diameter varied from0.7 mmto3 mm. We reported higher incidence of this muscle with variation in its distal attachments. Knowledge of this variant muscle is important not for anatomist but also for surgeons to diagnose lateral ankle and foot complaints. This muscle can also be used in grafting and reconstruction in foot and ankle surgery. Further studies should be performed to determine its incidence in different population with the help of cadaveric study and new techniques.
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Fontes, E., B. Precht, M. Babinski, and R. Cisne. "Tribute to the dissected corpses: the anatomic symbol - a review of the anatomic symbol." Journal of Morphological Sciences 32, no. 02 (April 2015): 098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.074014.

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Abstract Introduction: The anatomical science has many stages in its history and different origins that makes it hard to define a universal symbol among anatomists. Discussion: Many anatomical schools have adopted the Leonardo Da Vinci's drawing called “Vitruvian Man” as the symbol of the modern anatomy. However, this draw brings a symmetric view of the body within the mathematical proportions of the segments. Nevertheless, the anatomical study element is not symmetric and has a single architecture with beautiful harmony among its components. This element, the cadaver is the biggest treasure of the anatomical science and depository of all truths. Conclusion: This current work represents a tribute to the dissected cadaver, concerning it immeasurable value to the anatomist and the traditional use of it in anatomy department pointing to the new perspectives for academic and artistic conceptions of the human body.
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de l’Isle‐Adam, Marie‐Christine Garneau. "Les Contes drôlatiques de Balzac, des contes à tous crins et de tout poil." Cahiers ERTA, no. 24 (2020): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538953ce.20.016.13218.

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Hair cornucopia in Balzac’s Contes drôlatiques In order to re‐evaluate the constraints imposed by literary censorship to writers and painters after the Renaissance until the Restauration and Orleanist monarchy, we offer this comparative analysis of the treatment of hair, hair style, body hair in Balzac’s La Comédie humaine where Balzac has to restrain himself to reach success and in his Contes drôlatiques, which takes place in the medieval period and the Renaissance, and emulates the language and crudity of the time. Balzac’s point of view is particularly interesting first because he is quite knowledgeable of literary and artistic expressions during the medieval age and the Renaissance with Aretino and Rabelais, and second because he lived during the time when the daguerreotype appeared and made possible the representation of the body as it is, attempt that the anatomists of the Renaissance had also played with. However, with their droll stories, neither was Rabelais an anatomist nor was Balzac a common man.
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de l’Isle‐Adam, Marie‐Christine Garneau. "Les Contes drôlatiques de Balzac, des contes à tous crins et de tout poil." Cahiers ERTA, no. 24 (2020): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538953ce.20.016.13218.

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Hair cornucopia in Balzac’s Contes drôlatiques In order to re‐evaluate the constraints imposed by literary censorship to writers and painters after the Renaissance until the Restauration and Orleanist monarchy, we offer this comparative analysis of the treatment of hair, hair style, body hair in Balzac’s La Comédie humaine where Balzac has to restrain himself to reach success and in his Contes drôlatiques, which takes place in the medieval period and the Renaissance, and emulates the language and crudity of the time. Balzac’s point of view is particularly interesting first because he is quite knowledgeable of literary and artistic expressions during the medieval age and the Renaissance with Aretino and Rabelais, and second because he lived during the time when the daguerreotype appeared and made possible the representation of the body as it is, attempt that the anatomists of the Renaissance had also played with. However, with their droll stories, neither was Rabelais an anatomist nor was Balzac a common man.
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O’Connor, Kevin. "La Pauta de Improvisación como Práctica: el Pautar como Método." Corpo Grafías Estudios críticos de y desde los cuerpos 6, no. 6 (January 2, 2019): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/25909398.14231.

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El presente artículo documenta la pauta de improvisación – scoring - en tanto método que permite interactuar con la entidad biológico-material emergente denominada como fascia. Dicha interacción se generó en el contexto de un estudio de danza en tanto práctica-como-investigación (PI). La fascia – tejido conectivo – es una sustancia pegajosa que se conecta, divide y desliza entre los músculos, los órganos, la piel y las células del cuerpo humano. Se ha encontrado que este tejido es activo, inteligente y comunicativo. Es en últimas un órgano sensorial, que se subdivide y a la vez mantiene su unidad; puede llegar a parecer líquido, sólido y mucoso. La investigación de la fascia se realiza en centros de investigación por todo el mundo, e incluye a comunidades de biólogos, trabajadores somáticos, investigadores del cáncer, médicos, anatomistas y patólogos, bailarines, artistas del espectáculo y médicos de medicina china. En el contexto de la Práctica-como-Investigación, coreógrafos y artistas del performance aprenden con sus cuerpos a través de la exploración iterativa. El scoring es un método que toma ideas, imágenes y metáforas en relación a la fascia, y en vez de preguntarse por su significado, proporciona una serie de ejercicios que examinan el problema o la cuestión que llega a suscitar, de manera que colaborativamente se trabaja a través del movimiento. El pautar improvisadamente el movimiento de la fascia posibilita la generación de ciertas discusiones y prácticas compartidas de movimiento, las cuales producen frecuentemente nuevas formas de pensar los procesos corporales. Esta investigación forma parte de una discusión más amplia sobre la interrelación entre arte, ciencia y el performance de práctica-como-investigación. En esta se examinan las conexiones, los diálogos y las disonancias entre la investigación acerca de biologías emergentes y el performance. La pauta de improvisación como método se relaciona con el cuerpo en tanto material en proceso, inacabado y abierto. En últimas, este ensayo realiza la siguiente pregunta: en el contexto de un ensayo de performance, ¿cómo puede la pauta en tanto método, generar modos alternativos de en-actuar las comprensiones biológicas del cuerpo?
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Arango, Dillon, Patrick Greiffenstein, and James Patrick O’Leary. "Selected Anatomists." JAMA Surgery 148, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurgery.2013.407.

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Romero-Reverón, Rafael. "A VENEZUELAN ANATOMIST CITED IN THE HUMAN ANATOMY TREATISE TESTUT-LATARJET." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (2020): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(4):402-406.

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Le traité d'anatomie Testut-Latarjet (The human anatomy Testut-Latarjet treatise) published in 1887, is considered one of the most complete on human anatomy, with detailed descriptions of the human body and anthropological concepts, accompanied by philosophical and anthropological concepts. This anatomy treatise is still a very useful teaching tool in many Latin American and European Medical Faculties. In 1902, this anatomical treatise won the Saintour Prize, awarded by the French Academy of Medicine and since 1910 it has been translated into Spanish, Italian, German and other languages. The Testut-Latarjet treatise on human anatomy consists of four volumes with a total of 4,935 pages in its 1960 Spanish edition, as well as 4,144 highly detailed illustrations in color. The 1960 Spanish edition of Testut-Latarjet treatise in its volume IV included a citing of the doctoral thesis: El elemento nervioso en el apendice libre. Sus aplicaciones quirurgicas (External innervation of the cecal appendix: its surgical applications) written in 1943 by Rubén Rodríguez Escovar, M. D., a Venezuelan anatomist and surgeon, who held the Department of Human Anatomy at the Universidad Central de Venezuela, distinguishing himself as teacher and researcher over a period of 40 years. Certainly, Rubén Rodriguez Escovar is not in the greatest group of prominent anatomists mentioned in the Treatise. Nevertheless, on merit alone for his research about meso-appendicular region’s innervations, he was cited into Testut-Latarjet‘s treatise. As far as the present author knows, Rubén Rodriguez Escovar is the sole Non-European anatomist to be mentioned in the outstanding Testut-Latarjet Human Anatomy Treatise.
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Nikolenko, V. N., V. A. Kudryashova, V. D. Makarova, N. A. Rizaeva, and M. V. Oganesyan. "A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE TEACHER. IN MEMORY OF THE EXCELLENT TEACHER AND SCIENTIST M.R. SAPIN." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 72, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn820.

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M.R. Sapin (1925–2015) was a professor at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, honorary academician of Russian academy of medical sciences (1988), and an outstanding representative of the Moscow anatomical school of the middle of XX – early XXI century. From the very beginning of his medical training, Mikhail Romanovich got interested in anatomy, especially in angiology and lymphology, and later concentrated on its studying. The author of more than 30 text books and guidelines for schools, universities, and colleges, Mikhail Romanovich was the doctoral and thesis advisor of 51 Ph.D. and approximately 70 MD dissertations. M.R. Sapin made a significant contribution to the development of anatomical education providing the departments with a various range of dry and wet specimens. His stunning and effective work as a tutor was highly appreciated by his students and colleagues, Russian and foreign anatomists. M.R. Sapin was the leader of the Laboratory of Functional Anatomy since 1972, president of the International Association of Morphologists (1992–2006), chairman of the expert commission of Higher Attestation Commission (1959–1994), etc. A man of a great willpower, M.R. Sapin faced a lot of obstacles in his life and research work but overcame that all successfully. The article presents the most important facts of anatomist’s career and lifetime.
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Kamath, Venkatesh G., Biswabina Ray, Shakuntala R. Pai, and Ramakrishna Avadhani. "DESIGNING A CONTEMPORARY ANATOMY MUSEUM: ANATOMISTS’ PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2015): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.158.

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34

Flannery, Maura C. "Artists & Anatomists." American Biology Teacher 56, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4449744.

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35

Matthews, K., and C. Stelmackowich. "Anatomists' work song." Canadian Medical Association Journal 180, no. 4 (February 17, 2009): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.090062.

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36

Dangerfield, P. "TV: The Anatomists." BMJ 324, no. 7339 (March 23, 2002): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7339.744.

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Crawford, Chris, and Richard Rouse. "Artists against anatomists." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 36, no. 1 (February 2002): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/601791.601796.

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38

Lotti, S., A. Altobelli, S. Bambi, and M. Poggesi. "Illustrations of the anatomical wax model collection in the “La Specola” Zoology Museum, Florence." Archives of Natural History 33, no. 2 (October 2006): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.2.232.

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Anatomical illustration has evolved through the centuries, first having artistic and educational purposes and later more strictly medical objectives. Between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, the analytical model (representation of individual parts, organs and systems) gave way to the composite model (description of the human body as a whole). Between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there was a reversal of tendency: initially the anatomist requested the help of artists, but later the artist asked anatomists to check the accuracy of his work. In this way, anatomical illustration reached a high level of precision. This period also saw the creation of the “La Specola” Zoology Museum's collection of anatomical wax models. Initiated in the eighteenth century, it also included a series of contemporary colour illustrations executed by various artists. Most of the illustrations concern human anatomy, while a small number deal with comparative anatomy. These illustrations, each accompanied by one or more explanatory sheets, were produced to help explain the corresponding wax models. The anatomical wax model collection has been well preserved through the centuries, maintaining its ancient splendour, and it is the object of continuing research and restoration interventions.
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Bubner, Ben. "The Wood Cross Sections of Hermann Nördlinger (1818–1897)." IAWA Journal 29, no. 4 (2008): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000197.

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Hermann Nördlinger (1818–1897), forestry professor in Hohenheim, Germany, published a series of wood cross sections in the years 1852 to 1888 that are introduced here to the modern wood anatomist. The sections, which vary from 50 to 100 μm in thickness, are mounted on sheets of paper and their quality is high enough to observe microscopic details. Their technical perfection is as remarkable as the mode of distribution: sections of 100 wood species were presented in a box together with a booklet containing wood anatomical descriptions. These boxes were distributed as books by the publisher Cotta, from Stuttgart, Germany, with a maximum circulation of 500 per volume. Eleven volumes comprise 1100 wood species from all over the world. These include not only conifers and broadleaved trees but also shrubs, ferns and palms representing a wide variety of woody structures. Excerpts of this collection were also published in Russian, English and French. Today, volumes of Nördlingerʼs cross sections are found in libraries throughout Europe and the United States. Thus, they are relatively easily accessible to wood anatomists who are interested in historic wood sections. A checklist with the content of each volume is appended.
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Delahaye, F. "Les anatomistes et les micro-anatomistes dans les fresques de Rivera." Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux - Pratique 2019, no. 283 (December 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amcp.2019.10.006.

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41

Chapman, Peter D., Amanda Meyer, Kenneth Young, Daniel Wibowo, and Bruce Walker. "Emphasis on various subtopics in the anatomy curriculum for chiropractic training: An international survey of chiropractors and anatomists." Journal of Chiropractic Education 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-14-10.

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Objective The aim of this study was to conduct an international survey of the perceived optimal level of anatomy teaching from anatomy academics and practicing chiropractors. We hypothesized that the optimum level of anatomical understanding for chiropractic students does not differ between the anatomists teaching the students and practicing chiropractors. Methods The opinion of anatomists teaching in a chiropractic course (n = 16) was compared to practicing chiropractors (n = 589). The students' level of understanding was based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy for 16 different curriculum areas. Anatomists were recruited by contacting the accredited chiropractic courses worldwide. Snowball sampling was used for the practicing chiropractors. Independent-samples Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the results of anatomists and chiropractors. Results Opinions differed between anatomists and chiropractors on 9 out of the 16 questions. Where opinions differed, chiropractors recommended a higher standard of anatomical knowledge. The level suggested by chiropractors for these curriculum areas is equal to the “evaluating” level where chiropractic students can remember, understand, apply, and analyze anatomical knowledge to be able to justify a clinical decision. Conclusion Compared to anatomists working in chiropractic programs, chiropractors suggest a higher standard of anatomy be taught to undergraduates. Collaboration between chiropractors and anatomists would likely be beneficial in creating or modifying anatomy curricula for chiropractic students.
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Reidenberg, Joy S. "Teaching the youngest anatomists." Anatomical Record 257, no. 4 (August 15, 1999): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(19990815)257:4<125::aid-ar4>3.0.co;2-3.

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Bamber, M. G. "No morbid anatomists remain." BMJ 340, apr13 2 (April 13, 2010): c1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c1988.

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Loukas, Marios, Abraham El-Sedfy, R. Shane Tubbs, and Christopher Wartman. "Jules Germain Cloquet (1790–1883)–Drawing Master and Anatomist." American Surgeon 73, no. 11 (November 2007): 1169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480707301120.

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Jules Germain Cloquet, the famed French anatomist, surgeon, and professor, may not be remembered as one of the pioneers of hernia surgery; however, his contributions have provided surgeons with detailed anatomical descriptions that have been useful in developing innovative surgical techniques. Cloquet has many eponyms associated with him, including: Cloquet's fascia, Cloquet's gland or lymph node of Cloquet, Cloquet's hernia, Cloquet's ligament, Cloquet's canal, and Cloquet's septum. A man blessed with artistic talents, Cloquet was the author of many theses, as well as anatomical volumes that were comparable to the works of other great anatomists of his time. His first thesis, entitled Recherches Anatomiques sur les Hernies de l'Abdomen, described the locations where inguinal and crural herniae are more likely to occur in terms of the cremaster muscle, the peritoneum, and the spermatic vessels. Wax sculpture training required extensive knowledge in the natural sciences, anatomy, physiology, and pathology, as were acquired by Jules Cloquet as a pupil of Achille-Cléophas Flaubert, the father of the famous French novelist Gustave Flaubert (author of Madame Bovary). Cloquet attracted many pupils with his innovative teaching style and implementation of anatomical preparations, drawings, and sketches on the black board with chalk. The legacy of this famed individual lives on today in the anatomical structures described by Cloquet.
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Céard, Jean. "Montaigne anatomiste." Cahiers de l'Association internationale des études francaises 55, no. 1 (2003): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caief.2003.1501.

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Paquin, Jacques. "Vanier anatomiste." Dossier 32, no. 1 (April 17, 2007): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014705ar.

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Résumé L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les incidences de l’usage du discours médical dans l’oeuvre poétique de Denis Vanier. Après avoir dressé un panorama des intertextes qui ont influencé l’oeuvre, l’auteur de l’article passe en revue les traces encyclopédiques de la médecine pour ensuite préciser les enjeux relatifs à l’usage d’un discours médical au sein de l’ethos poétique. La représentation du corps interne est au coeur de ces enjeux et conduit à l’émergence de la figure de l’écorché, point de rencontre et de tension entre la leçon d’anatomie et le discours hagiographique.
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47

Spitzer, Victor M., and Ann L. Scherzinger. "Virtual anatomy: An anatomist's playground." Clinical Anatomy 19, no. 3 (2006): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20330.

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48

Das, Hirak, Geeta Das, Giriraj Kusre, Mahendra Kumar Pant, Varun Malhotra, and Santanu Kumar Sarma. "Anatomy in the new era : perception of a cross section of anatomists." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 01, no. 02 (April 2012): 067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401663.

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Abstract Background and aims: Anatomy is one of the founding pillars of Medical Science. However, it has a poor preference as a career choice among the medical graduates. This can be attributed to the traditional concept in the minds of the people that it is a subject concerned mainly with cadaver dissection and teaching. This study is therefore aimed at understanding the general perception of anatomists about their subject and analyzing their suggestions for bringing about a positive change in attitude towards the subject. Materials and methods : A cross sectional study was conducted through a questionnaire that was completed by Anatomy faculty and postgraduate students from different parts of India. The study tried to understand the perspective of anatomists towards their subject and give some suggestions to bring about a change. Results : It was seen that Anatomy was the favorite basic science subject among most anatomists. Yet, most of them did not readily take it up as a career option. Participants also came up with various suggestions like the need to introduce superspeciality courses, more clinical application, systematization of research, promotion of fundings and the need to make Anatomy a part of Government's health education programmes. Conclusion : Anatomists across the country are wishing to have a more active role in the fast changing world. For this, anatomists need to come out of the traditional ways.
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IAWA Journal, Editors. "Wood Anatomists on the Internet." IAWA Journal 17, no. 1 (1996): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000629.

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50

Paalman, Mark H. "Why teach anatomy? Anatomists respond." Anatomical Record 261, no. 1 (February 15, 2000): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(20000215)261:1<1::aid-ar1>3.0.co;2-3.

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